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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The daily cut-and-carry system is commonly used for cactus harvest, which increases manpower costs. This research aimed to determine the effect of the post-harvest storage period (up to 56 days post-harvest) on the chemical composition and anatomical traits of cactus cladodes [Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill cv. ‘IPA 20’ and Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck cv. ‘Miúda’]. Treatments included two cactus cultivars (‘IPA 20’ and ‘Miúda’) and post-harvest storage periods (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 56 days). The experimental arrangement was split-plot in a completely randomized design with eight replications. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from cladodes were analyzed by order (primary, secondary, and tertiary) at the end of each storage period. Deterioration rate and root emergence were evaluated using a rank scale (1 to 5). Cladode storage up to 56 days did not reduce cactus CP and NDF, conform cactus cladodes; however, WSC reduced from 281 to 235 g kg-1 (at 0 days of storage) and from 521 to 475 g kg-1 (at 56 days of storage) for ‘IPA 20’ and ‘Miúda’cultivars, respectively. Low variation occurred for DM and OM concentrations, however ‘Miúda’ had greater deterioration during the storage period than ‘IPA 20’, with ranks of 4.7 and 3.2, respectively, at the 56 days of storage. There was a linear response regarded the deterioration effect for ‘IPA-20’cultivar and a quadratic response for cultivar ‘Miúda’. Both species presented a reduction in epidermal area and an increase in parenchymal area after 32 days of storage. The ‘IPA 20’ cultivar may be stored up to 56 days with less nutrient loss. The ‘Miúda’cultivar, presented greater deterioration, must be stored for a post-harvest period of up to 32 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cactus weevil (Metamasius spinolae) is a pest of Opuntia ficus-indica. It can develop not only in Opuntia species but also in other cacti and members of the Asparagaceae family. In 2017, damage and presence of adult insects with characteristics similar to the cactus weevil were reported in two species of cacti, Austrocylindropuntia subulata and Peniocereus serpentinus. The objective was to identify the insect and determine if the two cacti species are hosts, field and laboratory research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in the municipality of Axapusco, State of Mexico. Stems with larval damage were selected at four study sites, whic remained in field conditions until the emergence of adult insects. The behaviour of M. spinolae on the host plant, mating sites, incubation period and damage development over time were recorded. M. spinolae was identified and determined to fulfill its life cycle on A. subulata and P. serpentinus. Larvae cause the most damage by feeding on the internal part (pith) of the stems, which causes tissue rotting and death of the affected part. The adult feeds on tender buds and mature stems, causing deformation and weakening of the plant. The two cacti species proved to be host plants that can harbour populations of M. spinolae and, therefore, have a high potential to act as reservoirs of the pest, which can then migrate to prickly-pear cactus crop. This report expands the knowledge of hosts of the cactus weevil. The information obtained shall be useful for vegetable growers to apply phytosanitary measures in alternate hosts, combat reservoirs and avoid re-infestations of the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the herbicide selectivity and efficiency on weed control in forage cactus. The treatments were composed of oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone, ametrine, hexazinone and the weeded control, with 4 replications. The potential quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was evaluated; phytotoxicity levels; productivity of green and dry mass of the aerial part and efficiency of the products in the control of the weeds. It was observed that there was no change in the potential yield of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm) of forage cactus, the values were between 0.76 and 0.83 quantum-1 electrons, the plants did not show phytotoxicity, only those that received oxyfluorfen with later recovery. The average productivity of plants that received herbicides was similar to the weeded control. The herbicides oxyfluorfen and ametrine were efficient in the first 45 days after application (DAA), hexazinone showed moderate control until 45 DAA, sulfentrazone obtained low control of weeds that appeared in the experimental period. The herbicides were selective for forage cactus, oxyfluorfen, hexazinone and ametrine are efficient in controlling weeds up to 45 DAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta un estudio taxonómico de las especies colombianas del género Pereskia (Pereskioideae, Cactaceae) basado en el análisis de atributos vegetativos y reproductivos de los ejemplares depositados, principalmente, en herbarios colombianos y algunos del exterior. En Colombia, el género Pereskia tiene tres especies: P. aculeata, P. bleo y P. guamacho. Se ofrece una clave dicotómica para el reconocimiento de las especies que se encuentran en el país, descripciones de éstas, iconografías, nombres comunes, distribución geográfica y comentarios sobre sus caracteres diagnósticos.

Objetivou-se avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos de ovinos submetidos a dietas à base de palma forrageira e o grau de correlação entre estas variáveis e a ingestão de nutrientes digestíveis totais. Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros, com peso corporal inicial de 22.0±2.90 kg, idade média de seis meses, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e 12 repetições. O período experimental foi de 86 dias, sendo fornecida uma dieta base (controle) e dietas nas quais o feno de capim Tifton foi parcialmente substituído por palma miúda ou palma orelha de elefante mexicana. No 80º dia do período experimental, os animais foram submetidos à avaliação de respostas fisiológicas: frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura retal e superficial, sendo esses dados coletados nos turnos da manhã e da tarde. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores ‘dietas’ e ‘turno’, assim como não foi observado efeito das dietas sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos. Os valores de frequência respiratória e a temperatura superficial foram maiores no turno da manhã (98,73±32,30 respirações por minuto e 33,83ºC±0,81, respectivamente) em relação ao turno da tarde (78,79±24,53 respirações por minuto e 32,53ºC±0,89, respectivamente). Observaram-se significativos coeficientes de correlação positiva entre o consumo de energia e a frequência respiratória nos animais que receberam a dieta controle, no turno da manhã, e entre o consumo de energia e a temperatura corporal, no turno da tarde. Existe correlação positiva de moderada a forte magnitude entre o consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais e a frequência respiratória e temperatura corporal de ovinos submetidos à dieta sem palma forrageira.

The objective was to evaluate the development of forage cactus varieties resistant to carmine cochineal intercropped with annual crops. The experiment was carried out at the INSA experimental station in Campina Grande, Paraiba state, Brazil. It was conducted in a intercropped system, using 3 varieties of palm, Mexican elephant ear, Baiana and Miúda, intercropped with Corn and Sorghum in a rainfed system. A randomized block design in split plots with 3 replications was used. The evaluations in the forage cactos and in the intercropping cultures occurred 90 days after planting. For the cactos forage, plant height, plant width, number of cladodes per plant, length, cladode width, cladode perimeter, cladode thickness, active photosynthetic area and cladode area were evaluated and for sorghum and corn it was evaluated plant height, diameter, green mass productivity and dry mass productivity. At 90 days after planting, it was found that among the palm varieties, the Mexican elephant ear stood out, presenting significant values for AP and LP. For PMV productivity, an average of 12.265 Kg ha-1 and 9.973 Kg ha-1 were obtained for sorghum and corn. Regarding the productivity of sorghum PMS, it is observed that there was a significant difference between the intercropped, with higher values in the intercropped with the Miúda cactus, 7.095 kg ha-1 and lower in Baiana with 4.415 kg ha-1. The Mexican elephant ear variety stood out in relation to the others in all parameters and sorghum was the most productive joined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinocereus pectinatus es una cactácea endémica de México, considerada como especie en peligro de extinción por su recolecta ilegal y dificultad de propagación y reproducción. Nuestro país, es uno de los que cuentan con una importante superficie en la cual la precipitación es menor de 300 mm en promedio anual, estimándose que la superficie supera el 40% del territorio Nacional. La presente investigación se realizó a partir de la conciencia ética de protección y multiplicación de especies de zonas áridas en riesgo con el propósito de proteger este material genético para continuar con la protección de la diversidad de la flora chihuahuense, teniendo como objetivo elevar el porciento de germinación de la semilla de Echinocereus pectinatus, utilizando procesos de escarificación a base de ácido sulfúrico (concentraciones del 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%). No se detectó diferencia estadística significativa entre tratamientos para la germinación de la semilla de esta especie de cactácea; sin embargo, se obtuvo información valiosa para explorar espacios en la concentración de ácido sulfúrico entre 10 y 20% en el rompimiento de la latencia, observándose una tendencia en la elevación del porcentaje de germinación en el rango de estos tratamientos referidos a la concentración de ácido sulfúrico. Se concluyó con base en los resultados y la literatura revisada en varias especies vegetales de zonas áridas, que los mejores resultados de germinación por escarificación ocurren en tratamientos menores a 20% de ácido sulfúrico.

Objetivou-se determinar os efeitos da substituição do feno de Tifton (Cynodon spp.) por feno de alfafa (Medicago Sativa) em dietas à base de palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera) sobre o balanço hídrico, funções renais e excreção mineral de cabras leiteiras. Utilizou-se 12 cabras da raça Saanen, com peso vivo de 46,23±7,5kg, produção de 3,0 kg leite/dia. O delineamento experimental foi quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro tratamentos (0%; 33,3%; 66,7% e 100% de substituição) e quatro períodos para coleta de dados e amostras. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS), expresso em kg/dia e consumo de água total apresentaram aumento linear (p0,05) pelas dietas. A substituição do feno de Tifton por feno de alfafa em até 300 g/kg de matéria seca, em dietas à base de palma forrageira para cabras em lactação, influencia no consumo de água, sem alterar os índices de excreção urinária.

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción y objetivos: La valoración, uso y manejo de los recursos naturales por parte de pequeños productores se sustenta en el conocimiento ecológico local (CEL). Con el objeto de comparar entre sí las comunidades de dos unidades fisiográficas: Salinas Grandes y Sistema Serrano, abordamos el estudio del CEL sobre las cactáceas. M&M: Realizamos 21 entrevistas a informantes claves sobre diversidad, usos y valoración. Resultados: En Salinas Grandes nos mencionaron por lo menos un uso para cada taxón y formas de manejo asociadas a tradiciones; en cambio, los informantes del Sistema Serrano mencionaron menos tipos de usos y cobraron relevancia otros tipos relacionados al turismo y la comercialización. Conclusiones: Por un lado, los pobladores de Salinas Grandes, que viven en condiciones de aridez extrema y con escasos recursos herbáceos, conservan conocimientos ligados a tradiciones que son necesarios para asegurar su reproducción social, donde las Cactáceas aparecen como recursos claves para su subsistencia. Por otra parte, los del Sistema Serrano, que cuentan con mayor diversidad de recursos forrajeros, pueden ofrecer otros servicios y reorientan sus conocimientos hacia nuevas actividades, donde se evidencia la flexibilidad de estos saberes (dentro del CEL) que permite ajustes a las situaciones de cambio contextual.

Copyright of Exploratoris: Revista de la Realidad Global is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sierra del Rosario is a calcareous mountainous area located in the northeast region of the state of Durango, where xerophilous vegetation and chaparral predominate. The aim of this study was to determine cactus diversity and distribution in the region. A list of cacti was obtained from 15, 3 km transects covering the vegetation of microphyllous desert shrubland, rosetophyllous desert shrubland and chaparral. A total of 33 species and 13 genera were recorded, with the most representative genera being Coryphantha, Echinocereus and Mammillaria. There are six species in some category of risk according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, distributed in the genera Coryphantha, Glandulicactus and Peniocereus. No species was found at risk in the IUCN, while Coryphantha sneedii is in the CITES. Species richness estimators indicate that diversity ranges from 34 to 47 taxa. The greatest diversity is between 1 207 and 1 400 masl in the rosetophyllous desert shrubland.

ABSTRACT Several fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) assume the status of primary pests in fruit trees grown in Brazil, causing direct production losses. The aims of the study were to know aspects of diversity of fruit flies and their parasitoids in the fruit growing region of Livramento de Nossa Senhora, Bahia. Fruit samples were collected from 19 plant species during November/2011 and June/2014. Infestation rates were calculated in pupae.kg-1 of fruit and pupae.fruit-1. The results indicate the occurrence of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Neosilba pendula (Bezzi). Plant species Anacardium occidentale, Averrhoa carambola, Carica papaya, Eugenia uniflora, Malpighia emarginata, Mangifera indica var. “Haden”, “Rosa” and “Tommy Atkins”, Opuntia ficus indica, Pereskia bahiensis, Psidium guajava, Spondias lutea, Spondias purpurea and Spondias tuberosa are hosts of fruit flies in the region. Unprecedented bitrophic relationships between P. bahiensis and C. capitata and Anastrepha sp. and between Opuntia ficus indica and C. capitata and A. obliqua were recorded. Unprecedented tritrophic relationship for the state of Bahia Averrhoa carambola and C. capitata and parasitoid of the Pteromalidae Family were also recorded. Tritrophic associations between M. indica var. “Tommy Atkins” and S. purpurea and A. obliqua and Doryctobracon areolatus; and between S. purpurea and A. obliqua and Utetes anastrephae were observed.

La agricultura comprendida como el cultivo y la domesticación de plantas constituye una práctica orientada por el conocimiento botánico de las diferentes culturas. El estudio de la diversidad de plantas cultivadas y domesticadas por un pueblo resulta útil para aproximarse a la comprensión de los intereses subyacentes en torno a las mismas. En Argentina, y en particular en Córdoba, son escasos los trabajos etnobotánicos acerca de las relaciones establecidas entre grupos humanos y las cactáceas, por lo cual en este trabajo se realizó una investigación etnobotánica con los pobladores criollos del norte de la provincia. La metodología utilizada consistió en entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, recorridos por el área de estudio y recolección de material de herbario. Se obtuvo como resultado la identificación de siete etnovariedades diferentes denominadas “tunas” actualmente cultivadas y en proceso de domesticación, de las cuales 6 corresponden a la especie botánica Opuntia ficus-indica (4 a la forma ficus-indica: “Amarilla”, “Cordobesa”, “Italiana” y “Salteña”; y 2 a la forma amyclaea : “Colorada” y “Blanca”), y una a la especie Opuntia robusta (“Cuaresma”). Se registraron los usos de las mismas. A partir de los resultados se registra por primera vez para Córdoba la presencia de O. robusta.

Entre as práticas e técnicas empregadas para obtenção de maior produtividade de massa seca, a escolha do arranjamento de plantas é, entre as decisões de manejo das plantas cultivadas, uma das mais importantes, associada à escolha da cultivar e do sistema de cultivo. Em função do exposto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produtividade de forragem de palma forrageira cultivada em diferentes densidades de plantio. O experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental do CPATC - Embrapa, em Frei Paulo - SE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por genótipos de palma forrageira (Miúda, Redonda e Gigante) e as subparcelas pelas seguintes densidades de plantio (10.000, 20.000, 40.000 e 80.000 plantas ha-1). Os genótipos de palma forrageira apresentam comportamento diferente quanto ao número de cladódios na 1a inserção e no número de cladódios por planta. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduz o comprimento e a largura do cladódio. Existe comportamento diferencial dos genótipos quanto à capacidade produtiva em diferentes densidades. A palma forrageira Miúda apresenta melhor potencial produtivo no cultivo adensado. Já a palma Redonda e Gigante tem maior teor de umidade na massa verde da forragem, e, em cultivo adensado, a palma forrageira reduz a massa verde e seca por planta

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nuestro planeta se enfrenta actualmente a grandes cambios en su ambiente natural, no sólo como consecuencia de su evolución, sino también del acelerado proceso de degradación antrópica. Dentro de este contexto se origina la necesidad de buscar soluciones que mitiguen el bajo nivel de vida del campesino, dadas las precarias condiciones de muchos de los actuales ecosistemas, que no permiten implementar los modelos tradicionales de explotación desmesurada de los recursos. El cactus nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) ofrece ventajas en la producción animal, presentándose como una alternativa agroecológica, fácil de implementar en zonas semiáridas bajo condiciones adversas y con un mínimo de insumosagropecuarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño nutricional del cactus nopal bajo cuatro tipos de fertilización, mediante el análisis proximal de alimentos, implementado en el laboratorio de nutrición animal de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, UPTC sede Tunja, en los especímenes de cactus nopal existentes en el jardín botánico de la misma. Se utilizaron cuatro tipos de tratamientos para la fertilización: 1.Químico, 2.Orgánico, 3. Químico + Orgánico y 4.Testigo, aplicados en intervalos de veinte (20) días, por tres veces, aplicando también agua en un riego semanal; tiempo al cabo del cual se realizó la valoraciónnutricional, en donde el Tratamiento 2 (Orgánico) fue el de mejor desempeño, seguido por el Tratamiento 3, luego el tratamiento 1 y, por último, el tratamiento 4 (testigo).

With the aim of assessing the extent of geographical rarity of Mexican Cactaceae, we calculated the distribution size (area of occupancy) of 142 species from the Chihuahuan Desert. In addition, using 2 variables (number of localities and range size), we preliminarily assessed their conservation status using the current IUCN Red List criteria. The results showed enormous variation in the areas of occupancy, although from the biogeographic and conservation perspective the most exceptional group comprises the extremely narrow endemics (42 species), whose range is restricted to areas smaller than 10 km2. Our results reinforce the reputation of this plant family as exceptionally rare geographically. We suggest that geographical rarity of Cactaceae in the Chihuahuan Desert is a natural phenomenon; however, we propose that the range of several species has been influenced by human activities. Regarding the conservation status of the species, 75 of them are categorized as Least concern. The remaining 67 species (47.2%) fall in 1 of the 3 categories of threat (27 Vulnerable, 11 Endangered, and 29 Critically endangered). These figures confirm the critical conservation status of Mexican Cactaceae.Se calculó el tamaño de la distribución (área de ocupación) de 142 especies de cactáceas del Desierto Chihuahuense, con el objeto de evaluar su grado de rareza geográfica. Además, mediante el uso de 2 variables (número de localidades y tamaño de distribución), se estimó de manera preliminar su estado de conservación usando los criterios actuales de la Lista Roja de la UICN. Los resultados mostraron gran variación en las áreas de ocupación. Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva biogeográfica y de la conservación, el grupo de especies más excepcional corresponde a las endémicas restringidas (42 spp.), cuyas áreas de distribución son menores de 10 km². Los resultados fortalecen la reputación de las cactáceas de ser una familia de plantas excepcionalmente rara geográficamente. Se sugiere que la rareza geográfica en cactáceas es un fenómeno natural; sin embargo, se propone que la distribución de algunas de las especies ha sido influenciada por actividades humanas. En lo que respecta al estado de conservación de las especies, 75 pueden ser consideradas bajo la categoría de Preocupación menor, mientras que las restantes 67 (47.2%) caen en alguna de las categorías de amenaza (Vulnerable = 27 spp., Amenazada = 11 spp., Críticamente amenazada = 29 spp.). Los resultados confirman el grave estado de conservación de las cactáceas mexicanas.

El área natural protegida (ANP) Sierra Corral de los Bandidos ubicada en la sierra Madre Oriental, al noroeste de Monterrey, sufre el impacto de actividades antropológicas asociadas al matorral submontano (ganadería, agricultura, colecta y urbanismo), disminuyendo sus recursos naturales y amenazando sus especies endémicas, principalmente cactáceas. El propósito del estudio fue conocer la diversidad de cactáceas y especies asociadas en zonas de amortiguamiento y núcleo. Para ello se determinaron índices de riqueza y similitud utilizando un muestreo estratificado con cuadrantes a lo largo de transectos orientados por gradientes altitudinales según su zonificación. En total se registraron 112 taxa (30 cactáceas), 87 (24 cactáceas) en zona de amortiguamiento y 80 (19 cactáceas) en zona núcleo. Por su densidad, frecuencia y abundancia sobresalieron Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Engelm. ex F. Seitz, Cylindropuntia leptocaulis F. M. Knuth in Backeb et F. M. Knuth, Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg., Neolloydia conoidea (DC) Britton et Rose, (Cactaceae); Erioneuron avenaceum (H. B et K.) Tateoka, (Poaceae); Viguiera stenoloba S. F. Blake; Zexmenia hispida (Kunth) A. Gray, (Asteraceae) y Agave lechuguilla Torr, (Agavaceae). Existe diferencia significativa entre las poblaciones de cactus de las zonas del ANP, según Jacquard (13%), Sörensen (38%) y Morisita (0.44). Ocho cactáceas (7 endémicas) están registradas en algún estatus de la NOM-ECOL-059, 2001.The Sierra Corral de los Bandidos is a natural protected area located in the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range northwest of Monterrey city. This preserve suffers the impact of human activities in the form of cattle ranching, agriculture, harvest of wild plants, and urbanism), diminishing its natural resources and threatening its endemic species, especially from the cactaceae family. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the diversity of cacti and associated species in the buffer and nucleus zones of the preserve. Stratified sampling with quadrats along transects oriented along elevational gradients were carried out to estimate richness and similarity indices. A total of 112 taxa (30 Cactaceae) were found: 87 (24 cactaceae) in the buffer zone and 80 (19 cactaceae) in the nucleus zone. The most conspicuous cactus species due to their density, frequency, and abundance were Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Engelm. ex F. Seitz, Cylindropuntia leptocaulis F. M. Knuth in Backeb et F. M. Knuth, Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg., Neolloydia conoidea (DC) Britton et Rose, (Cactaceae); Erioneuron avenaceum (H. B et K.) Tateoka, (Poaceae); Viguiera stenoloba S. F. Blake; Zexmenia hispida (Kunth) A. Gray, (Asteraceae) and Agave lechuguilla Torr, (Agavaceae). Significative differences were found between the Cactaceae plants for the zones of the protected area, as shown by the indices obtained: Jacquard (13%), Sörensen (38%) and Morisita (0.44). Eight cactus species (7 endemic) from this report are listed as receiving some level of protection under Mexican conservation law.

Avaliou-se a influência da adição de 0; 0,5; 1 ou 1,5% de uréia no resíduo desidratado de vitivinícolas - utilizado em associação a palma forrageira na alimentação de caprinos - no consumo e na digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos machos castrados, sem padrão racial definido, com peso vivo médio de 18 kg, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, de acordo com o peso vivo. O período experimental foi de 20 dias: 15 para adaptação e 5 para coleta. A adição de teores crescentes de uréia ao resíduo desidratado de vitivinícola possibilitou aumento do consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), expressos em kg/dia, %PV e em g/kgPV0,75. Observou-se consumo linear crescente de nutrientes digest��veis totais (NDT), carboidratos totais (CT) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), em %PV e g/kgPV0,75. Não houve diferença significativa nos consumos de NDT, CT e CNF expressos em kg/dia, cujos valores médios foram 0,363; 0,575 e 0,258, respectivamente. Entretanto, a adição de uréia ao resíduo não influenciou os coeficientes de digestibildade de MS, MO e FDN (médias de 48,13; 46,08 e de 20,37%, respectivamente). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade de CNF apresentaram crescimento linear, enquanto os de PB apresentaram comportamento quadrático, com valor máximo de 48,93%, com a adição de 1,3% de uréia ao resíduo. O uso de uréia no resíduo desidratado de vitivinícola elevou linearmente o consumo de nutrientes, contudo, o nível de 1,3% é o mais indicado, pois promove melhor digestibilidade da proteína bruta de dietas contendo esse alimento alternativo.The effect of the addition of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of urea to dehydrated vineyards residue, associated to forage cactus palm in the feeding of goats on intake and nutrient digestibility was evaluated. Twenty-four castrated crossbred goats, without defined breed, with average 18 kg of BW were distributed to a randomized block design according to the body weight. The addition of increasing levels of urea to dehydrated vineyards residue increased intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in kg/day, %BW and g/kg BW0.75. There was a linear increase intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), in % BW and g/kg BW0.75. There was no difference in the intakes of TDN, TC and NFC, in kg/day, with means of 0.363, 0.575 and 0.258, respectively. However, the addition of urea to the residue did not affect the coefficients of digestibility of DM, MO and NDF, with means of 48.13, 46.08 and 20.37% respectively. The digestibility coefficients NFC showed linear increase, while CP showed quadratic behavior, with maximum at 48.93%, with the addition of 1.3% of urea to the residue. Use of urea in the dehydrated vineyards residue linearly increased the intake of nutrients, however, the level of 1.3% is the most appropriate, since promotes better digestibility of the crude protein of the diets containing this alternative feed.

Diversity of naturalized species of the genus Opuntia (Cactaceae) used by the people of Northern Córdoba (Argentina). Agriculture understood as cultivation and domestication of plants constitute a practice orientated by botanical knowledge of different cultures. The study of plant diversity, cultivated and domesticated by a community is useful for understanding the underlying interests around them. In Argentina, particularly in Córdoba, there are few ethnobotanical research works about the relationship established between human groups and Cactaceae. That is why, in this study, an ethnobotanical research was conducted white creole inhabitants in the north of Córdoba. Methodology consisted of open and semistructured interviews, field exploration and herbarium material collection. We identified seven different kinds of “tunas", which have been collected from natural ecosystem and currently undergo domestication process. Six of them belong to the botanical species Opuntia ficus-indica (4 to form ficus-indica: “Amarilla", “Cordobesa", “Italiana" and “Salteña"; and 2 to form amyclaea: “Colorada" and “Blanca"), and the seventh belongs to the botanical species Opuntia robusta (“Cuaresma"). Plant uses declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a population of Melocactus nagyi (Cactaceae), in the El Macío Floristic Managed Reserve, Cuba, were conducted an ecological study. Some attributes of the population were studied by transects and a population sampling was performed along the linear 10 km of the population. Each individual was classified as immature or adult, and it was determined which individuals were growing aggregated or solitary in each transect. Among adult individuals were counted those with offshoot, flowers and fruits, and it was counted the number of offshoot, flowers and fruits. To evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of the species was calculated the Morisita Standardized Index (Ip). In transects were located 150 individuals and 730 in the sample. In transects 71,33% of individuals counted were immature and, 64,93% in the sample. The population has an aggregated pattern (Ip=0.50). In transects 34,9% of adult individuals had offshoot (36 total offshoot), 34,9% had flowers (22 flowers) and 23,26% had fruits (21 fruits). The population is relatively large, and has an elevated recruitment rate. However, it is essential to establish monitoring of the population to collect details of space-temporal dynamics, interactions with pollinators and seed dispersers, and to assess the impact of the major threats identified in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de quantificar os nutrientes na raiz e na parte aérea da macambira (Bromelia laciniosa), da família bromeliaceae, da palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica), xiquexique (Cereus gounellei), facheiro (Cereus squamosus), coroa-de-frade (Melocactus depressus) e da palmatória (Opuntia monacantha), estas da família cactaceae. Os valores obtidos para a matéria seca foram maiores, em todas as espécies estudadas, na raiz do que na parte aérea. Os teores de fibra bruta das raízes foram superiores aos encontrados para a parte aérea, apresentando também, tendência semelhante ao se analisar a matéria orgânica. Por sua vez, o teor protéico foi mais elevado na parte aérea de todas as espécies analisadas. Os minerais se encontram, em maior concentração, na parte aérea dos vegetais estudados.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el desarrollo morfológico y las características anatómicas de las plántulas de Trichocereus candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, una especie de cactus columnar ampliamente distribuida en regiones áridas y semiáridas de Argentina. Durante los primeros 30 días desde la germinación, se registran en las plántulas los mayores cambios morfológicos. La raíz presenta abundantes pelos radicales y un patrón de crecimiento definido. La epidermis es uniestrata con células de contorno ondulado, estomas de tipo paralelocítico e inclusiones minerales en forma de drusas. El xilema presenta traqueidas de banda ancha con paredes celulares anilladas y helicoidales. Se observaron plántulas con crecimiento anormal (tres cotiledones), lo que constituye el primer registro para T. candicans. Este trabajo aporta datos básicos al conocimiento de la especie que pueden ser de gran utilidad para estudios taxonómicos y ecológicos

The Opuntia is a fruit, which together with the Cereus jamacaru are native species of the savanna. The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize ice cream and yogurt from the Opuntia and pulp and peel of Cereus jamacaru fruit. The ice cream and natural yoghurt for base and increased with pulp and peel were obtained for the formulations. For the characterization were performed physicochemical analysis of pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). The ice cream and yogurt showed acidic behavior. The Opuntia and the fruit of Cereus jamacaru have come out with great potential for the development of by-products with the ice cream and yogurt. AT values of yogurt (ᴓ 0.62) are within the preestablished by the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La producción de semillas y el reclutamiento en las especies dependen en parte de factores reproductivos, tales como el comportamiento floral, la fenología de la floración, la producción de gametos y néctar, los sistemas de cruzamiento y de apareamiento, y la densidad poblacional. En este trabajo se estudia la biología floral, producción de néctar y polinización de Mammillaria huitzilopochtli D.R.Hunt en condiciones ex situ para sentar las bases que pueden ayudar a determinar el riesgo de extinción de la especie dado su sistema de apareamiento y éxito reproductivo. La floración de M. huitzilopochtli abarca cuatro meses (septiembre a diciembre), de antesis diurna, con longevidad por flor de alrededor de seis días, se presentó baja la producción de néctar (2.02 μl) y éste sólo se detectó en el 39% de las flores. La especie presenta un sistema de entrecruza xenógamo facultativo, con una relación polen:óvulo de 1,048. La producción de semillas por fruto es variable y baja con relación al número de óvulos promedio (35%). Existen muy pocos trabajos de biología floral en el género Mammillaria, pero al compararla con otras cactáceas, el comportamiento floral es similar a las especies de polinización melitófila como Echinocactus, Grusonia y Opuntia. La longevidad floral es la más prolongada de las reportadas y, el dimorfismo en la producción de néctar y el asentamiento de frutos vacíos no se había registrado para esta especie. El sistema de apareamiento xenógamo facultativo y el entrecruzamiento son frecuentes en las cactáceas raras y en peligro de extinción. Su condición de xenógama, la amplia varianza en el número de semillas por fruto y la incapacidad para clonar incrementa su riesgo.

Cacti are particularly sensitive to habitat disturbance since they have slow growth and a long life cycle. Their development and establishment depend on several factors, including environmental requirements for germination and establishment of seedlings. Two of the most influential factors are soil and water salinity. The objective of this study was to quantify seeds germination and seedling biomass production of the Aborigine’s comb cactus (Pachycerus pecten-aboriginum) in salt stress using sodium chloride (NaCl) as the main salt source. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design using six salt levels (0.11, 2.03, 4.00, 6.03, 8.03 and 10.07 dS m-1) with five replicates of 20 seeds each one. The seeds were collected in a wild population of P. pecten-aboriginum in Ejido Álvaro Obregón, Baja California Sur, Mexico in June 2011. The results showed that germination and seedling biomass were significantly affected by salt stress, which was higher at 2.03 and 0.11 dS m-1, followed by 6.03 and 4.00 dS m-1, lower at 8.03 dS m-1, and no growth at 10.07 dS m-1. It is concluded that saline levels using sodium chloride as the main source of salt, affect seed germination and seedling biomass production of P. pecten-aboriginum significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El nopal verdura (Opuntia ficus-indica) se introdujo recientemente a Cuautepec de Hinojosa, Hidalgo. En esta región se detectó un virus ocasionando halos cloróticos y manchas irregulares en los cladodios. En infecciones severas los cladodios pierden turgencia en postcosecha, lo cual causa mermas comerciales significativas. El virus se transmitió mecánicamente en seis de 11 plantas indicadoras. En Chenopodium quinoa causó infección sistémica consistente en venas cloróticas y manchas amarillas intervenales. El virus se transmitió en 43 % de los cladodios inoculados induciendo halos cloróticos y manchas cloróticas irregulares a los 7 y 25 días después de la inoculación, respectivamente. El análisis electroforético mostró que el genoma del virus es de ARN de cadena sencilla, mientras que al microscopio electrónico de transmisión se observaron partículas virales en forma de varilla flexible. El diagnóstico por RT-PCR indicó que el virus corresponde a una especie del género Potexvirus. En las unidades de producción evaluadas, el virus causó una incidencia del 47-60 % y severidad del 51-79 %, con distribución espacial en agregados y con fuerte direccionalidad en sentido de los surcos, debido posiblemente al manejo de poda y cosecha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant arrangement is one of the most important among management decisions of cultivated plants among the practices and techniques employed to obtain higher productivity of dry matter, due to its association to cultivar choice and cultivation system. The current research evaluates forage yield at different planting densities. The experiment was conducted in the CPATC-Embrapa experimental field in the municipality of Frei Paulo SE Brazil. Experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with split plot and four replications. The plots were the genotypes of forage cactus (small, rounded and giant size) and subplots followed planting densities (10,000; 20,000; 40,000 and 80,000 plants h a 1). Cactus forage genotypes exhibit different behavior with regard to number of cladodes in the first insertion and in the number of cladodes per plant. Increased planting density reduces the cladodes length and width. A differential behavior of genotypes exists with regard to the yield capacity for different densities. The small forager cactus has the best production potential in dense growth, whereas the round and giant-sized cactus have a higher rate of humidity in green mass. Forager cactus reduces green and dry mass per plant in dense culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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