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Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones y experiencias de la población joven en España sobre la violencia sexual (VS), sus posibles causas, víctimas y perpetradores. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 22 jóvenes de entre 18 y 24 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis del contenido cualitativo. Resultados: En las narrativas juveniles destacan la indefinición y la inconcreción sobre lo que es la VS, excepto cuando mencionan la violación, la falta de consentimiento y el uso de la fuerza en las relaciones sexuales. Las chicas, interpeladas como principales víctimas, aportan una visión más amplia y vinculada a las desigualdades de género. En general, predomina la idea de que la VS es perpetrada por hombres contra mujeres en relaciones heterosexuales dentro y fuera de la pareja. En las explicaciones, conviven las referencias a factores tanto contextuales (ligados a las desigualdades de género y la construcción social de las relaciones sexuales) como conductuales (que incluyen el visionado de pornografía). También emergen algunas estrategias relacionadas con la educación sexual y afectiva. Conclusiones: En las percepciones de las personas jóvenes participantes en este estudio parecen convivir la ambigüedad con referencias explícitas a las diferentes formas en las que se manifiesta la VS y la influencia de las desigualdades de género. El sexo y la experiencia vital parecen influir en estas narrativas. Se requiere el fomento de una perspectiva más crítica sobre la construcción social de la VS y las relaciones íntimas en la población joven., Objective: To analyse the perceptions and experiences of young people in Spain about sexual violence (SV), its possible causes, victims and perpetrators. Method: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 22 young people between 18 and 24 years old. A qualitative content analysis was carried out. Results: In the juvenile narratives, the lack of definition and accuracy about what SV is stands out, except for mentioning rape, lack of consent and use of force in sexual relations. The girls, self-perceived as the main victims, also break with these narratives by providing a broader vision and gender inequalities related. In general, the most prevailed idea is that VS is perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual relationships inside and outside the couple. Regarding explanations, references coexist to both contextual factors (linked to gender inequalities and the social construction of sexual relationships) and behavioural factors (which includes the viewing of pornography). Tentatively proposals for improvement related to sexual and affective education emerge. Conclusions: In the perceptions of the young people, ambiguity seems to coexist with explicit references to the different ways in which it manifests itself and the influence of gender inequalities. Sex and life experience appear to influence these narratives. It is necessary to promote a more critical perspective on the social construction of SV and intimate relationships in the young population.

La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en la línea de investigación “Violencia de Género y Salud Pública”, con especial atención a la situación de la población adolescente y el papel del machismo, la aceptación de la violencia y las masculinidades en esta problemática. Este trabajo consta de cinco capítulos siguiendo el orden que se explica continuación: a) marco teórico (capítulos I y II), b) justificación de la tesis doctoral y metodología (capítulo III), c) trabajos publicados (capítulo IV), y d) discusión y conclusiones (capítulo V). Los estudios empíricos que conforman este trabajo se han centrado en el ámbito de la adolescencia, concretamente en la violencia de pareja, el machismo y la aceptación de la violencia, así como la relación entre estas distintas variables. Aunque la violencia de pareja entre adolescentes es un tema que está cada vez más en auge en el ámbito de la investigación, el machismo y la aceptación de la violencia como componentes del pensamiento violento, y su relación con la violencia de pareja en adolescentes, o con otros factores, no ha sido estudiado hasta el momento. Una de las razones, es por la escasez de herramientas validadas que midan estos constructos. Por otra parte, aunque se encuentran intervenciones en materia de prevención de violencia de pareja en adolescentes, no se ha identificado ninguna que utilice el modelo de Desarrollo Positivo de la Juventud como forma de promover relaciones interpersonales positivas en esta población, ni la evaluación de la efectividad sobre las variables de machismo y aceptación de la violencia. Por otra parte, existen revisiones sistemáticas o metaanálisis sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones en materia de violencia de pareja en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos/as. Sin embargo, tampoco hasta el momento se han localizado revisiones sistemáticas sobre efectividad de intervenciones que tengan como objetivo prevenir la violencia de pareja o de género bajo un enfoque transformador de género (o gender

Background: Men’s violence against women is a global health problem causing physical, mental, sexual and reproductive ill-health. The World Health Organisation has estimated that every third woman in the world has been exposed to physical and/or sexual violence. Swedish primary care is central for victims of violence, as it is normally the first port of call for seeking healthcare. This requires professional competence on violence, and its causes. It also requires resources for working with violence prevention, disclosure and supportive actions. The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of how primary care professionals in Sweden deal with violence against women. We analyse their viewpoints, experiences and practices of working with violence as a health problem, and especially if, and if so how, they ask patients about violence. Methods: A qualitative, explorative research design was adopted. Research interviews were conducted with 18 health professionals at eight primary care clinics. These clinics were located in four different regions, from the south to the north, in large urban areas, middle-size cities and rural areas. The interviews were voice recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Three themes, with a total of ten related sub-themes, were developed. These themes are: (a) Varying understandings and explanations of violence against women; (b) The tricky question of asking about violence; and (c) Multiple suggestions for improving primary care’s work with violence against women. The awareness of violence varied considerably, with some practitioners being highly knowledgeable and having integrated violence into their everyday practice, whereas others were less knowledgeable and had not paid much attention to violence. The very naming of violence seemed to be problematic. Several suggestions for improvements at professional, managerial and organisational levels were articulated. Conclusions: The

In the field of violence against women (VAW) prevention, one of the current questions at stake is how to address men’s role and masculinities, but it is still an emerging field in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyze the up-to-date discourses on masculinity among stakeholders in the field of VAW prevention and gender equity in Spain. We used a qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews, conducted between October 2019 and February 2020 in Madrid and Alicante (Spain), with 23 key stakeholders from different areas: in governmental (public health and VAW prevention/intervention, and institutional and policy positioning) and nongovernmental organizations (anti-violence masculinities workers, youth education workers, and feminist and LGBT associations). A discourse analysis was performed with the data collected. Our findings showed that discourses around masculinities among Spanish stakeholders in VAW prevention and gender equity were diverse and presented different layers of critique. Despite a general agreement on the importance of transforming sexist men’s practices toward more gender equitable relations, three main interpretive repertoires were identified: “Constructing positive/new masculinities” discourse, focused on promoting men’s engagement and egalitarian practices; “Deconstructing hegemonic masculinity” discourse, intended to critically identify and question harmful masculinities norms; and “Abolishing gender” discourse, which aims at dismantling masculinity, and gender in general, as a social structure that generates oppression in itself, advocating for its abolition. Those interpretive repertoires were not mutually exclusive and sometimes stakeholders incorporate in their work more than one approach. The study findings shed light on this current emerging and urgent debate and contributes more broadly to the critical assessment of the concepts used and their implications for VAW prevention.

Presentación resultados preliminares de la encuesta y entrevistas a informantes clave del proyecto en la Universidad de Alicante (2024).

Background Men’s violence against women is a global health problem causing physical, mental, sexual and reproductive ill-health. The World Health Organisation has estimated that every third woman in the world has been exposed to physical and/or sexual violence. Swedish primary care is central for victims of violence, as it is normally the first port of call for seeking healthcare. This requires professional competence on violence, and its causes. It also requires resources for working with violence prevention, disclosure and supportive actions. The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of how primary care professionals in Sweden deal with violence against women. We analyse their viewpoints, experiences and practices of working with violence as a health problem, and especially if, and if so how, they ask patients about violence. Methods A qualitative, explorative research design was adopted. Research interviews were conducted with 18 health professionals at eight primary care clinics. These clinics were located in four different regions, from the south to the north, in large urban areas, middle-size cities and rural areas. The interviews were voice recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results Three themes, with a total of ten related sub-themes, were developed. These themes are: (a) Varying understandings and explanations of violence against women; (b) The tricky question of asking about violence; and (c) Multiple suggestions for improving primary care’s work with violence against women. The awareness of violence varied considerably, with some practitioners being highly knowledgeable and having integrated violence into their everyday practice, whereas others were less knowledgeable and had not paid much attention to violence. The very naming of violence seemed to be problematic. Several suggestions for improvements at professional, managerial and organisational levels were articulated. Conclusions The res

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the Survey of Risk Factors in a Secondary School Students (FRESC) representative survey among secondary school students aged 13 to 19 in the city of Barcelona. At all school grades, sexual harassment was more commonly reported by girls than by boys (17% of girls vs 4.2% of boys). The factors associated with sexual harassment were higher school grade, having a mental health disorder, cannabis abuse, and discrimination because of sexual orientation in girls and discrimination because of sexual orientation in boys. These findings highlight the potentially strong impact of sexual harassment on adolescents’ lives and underscore the importance of preventing this form of violence.

Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common among young people, but the use of IPV resources among young adult women and teenagers is limited. This study aims to analyze professionals’ perceptions about the main barriers and facilitators encountered by young women (16–29 years old) exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) when accessing formal services in Spain. Methods Qualitative study based on 17 in depth interviews carried out in 2019 with professionals who manage resources for IPV care in Madrid (Spain) from different sectors (social services, health care, security forces, women or youth issues offices, associations). A qualitative content analysis was conducted. Results The professionals interviewed perceive the following barriers: 1) Time it takes for young women to recognize IPV because the social construction of sexual-affective relationships is permeated by gender inequality; 2) The process of leaving a situation of abuse; 3) Barriers inherent to IPV services. The key aspects to improve access to these resources are related to care services, professional practice, and the young women themselves. Conclusions There are both psychosocial barriers, derived from the process of leaving a situation of violence, as well as structural barriers for young women to access and properly use the recognized services specifically aimed at them or comprehensive IPV care. Services need to be tailored to the needs of young women so they can be truly effective in order to escape IPV.