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Background: Bench and virtual reality nonbiological simulator models for anatomic endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) surgery have been reported in the literature. These models are acceptable but have limited practical applications. Objective: To validate a fresh-frozen human cadaver model for holmium AEEP training and assess its content validity. Design, setting, and participants: Holmium AEEP operations on fresh-frozen cadavers performed by an experienced surgeon were recorded, and a video, including the main steps of the operation, was produced. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The video and an accompanying questionnaire were subsequently distributed electronically to ESUT AEEP study group experts and associates (N = 32) for assessment of the AEEP training model. A ten-point Likert global rating scale was used to measure the content validity. Results and limitations: A total of 26 answers were returned (81%). The experts agreed on the model’s suitability for AEEP training (mean Likert score: 8). According to the responses, “identifying anatomic structures and landmarks” was the most valuable aspect of the model in terms of AEEP training (median Likert score: 9). Conversely, the experts found the model’s ability, in terms of demonstrating laser and tissue reactions, to be weak (median Likert score: 6) Conclusions: Based on the content validity assessment, the fresh-frozen cadaver-training model for laser AEEP seems to be a promising model for demonstrating and learning the correct prostate enucleation technique. Patient summary: An increasing number of researchers have proposed that anatomic endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) should replace transurethral resection of the prostate surgery and become the gold standard for treatment of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. AEEP requires anatomic familiarity for enucleation, technical knowledge, and a solid training program before starting with the first cases. This is the first cadaver study to assess the content validity of a fresh-frozen human cadaver model for AEEP training.

Träume und alles, was mit ihnen zusammenhängt, haben Schopenhauer von Jugend an immer beschäftigt. Seine “Traumdeutung” bereitete der Psychoanalyse Sigmund Freuds den Weg. Träume suspendieren die Realität der faktischen Welt, die als Welt der Vorstellung dem Satz vom Grund unterliegt. Der Begriff der Vorstellung weist in verschiedenen Aspekten eine Analogie zum Begriff der Virtualität auf, was an die Philosophie des absoluten Virtualismus des Zeitgenossen Friedrich Bouterwek erinnert. Da da die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung ein “Erwachen” aus der Welt der Vorstellung ankündigt, führt eine Analyse am Leitfaden des Traumbegriffs auf die verschiedenen Dimensionen des Träumens selbst, deren Darstellung die Bücher 2, 3 und 4 des Hauptwerks gewidmet sind. Das bereits in der Dissertation 1813 in Aussicht gestellte Erwachen erweist sich als ein differenzierter Prozess, der auf ein anderes Verhältnis zur Welt hinausläuft, das als Erlösung oder Befreiung verstanden werden kann.

Intra-hemispheric interference has been often observed when body parts with neighboring representations within the same hemisphere are stimulated. However, patterns of interference in early and late somatosensory processing stages due to the stimulation of different body parts have not been explored. Here, we explore functional similarities and differences between attention modulation of the somatosensory N140 and P300 elicited at the fingers vs. cheeks. In an active oddball paradigm, 22 participants received vibrotactile intensity deviant stimulation either ipsilateral (within-hemisphere) or contralateral (between-hemisphere) at the fingers or cheeks. The ipsilateral deviant always covered a larger area of skin than the contralateral deviant. Overall, both N140 and P300 amplitudes were higher following stimulation at the cheek and N140 topographies differed between fingers and cheek stimulation. For the N140, results showed higher deviant ERP amplitudes following contralateral than ipsilateral stimulation, regardless of the stimulated body part. N140 peak latency differed between stimulated body parts with shorter latencies for the stimulation at the fingers. Regarding P300 amplitudes, contralateral deviant stimulation at the fingers replicated the N140 pattern, showing higher responses and shorter latencies than ipsilateral stimulation at the fingers. For the stimulation at the cheeks, ipsilateral deviants elicited higher P300 amplitudes and longer latencies than contralateral ones. These findings indicate that at the fingers ipsilateral deviant stimulation leads to intra-hemispheric interference, with significantly smaller ERP amplitudes than in contralateral stimulation, both at early and late processing stages. By contrast, at the cheeks, intra-hemispheric interference is selective for early processing stages. Therefore, the mechanisms of intra-hemispheric processing differ from inter-hemispheric ones and the pattern of intra-hemispheric interference in early and late processing stages is body-part specific.

Objective: Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analogues have been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism behind is still unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intact GLP-1 (7–36) on coronary microcirculation in overweight adults. Design and methods: A double-blinded randomized cross-over study was performed, with 12 overweight participants. Effects of intact GLP-1 (7-36) infusion were compared with a saline infusion on separate days. A DPP-4 inhibitor was administered to block degradation of intact GLP-1 (7–36) to the GLP-1 metabolite (9–36). Coronary microcirculation was assessed by Doppler coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) before and after 2 h of infusion. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) before and after one hour of infusion. Results: CFVR was 3.77 ± 1.25 during GLP-1 infusion and 3.85 ± 1.32 during saline infusion, endothelial function was 16.3 ± 15.5 % during GLP-1 infusion and 7.85 ± 7.76 % during saline infusion. When adjusting for baseline values no significant differences in CFVR (ΔCFVR 0.38 ± 0.92 vs. ΔCFVR 0.71 ± 1.03, p = 0.43) and no difference in peripheral endothelial function (ΔFMD 7.34 ± 11.5 % vs. ΔFMD –1.25 ± 9.23%, p = 0.14) was found. Conclusions: We found no effect of intact GLP-1 (7–36), protected from DPP4 mediated degradation on coronary microcirculation in overweight adults. Keywords: Coronary microcirculation, Coronary flow velocity reserve, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36), GLP-1, flow mediated dilation, Endothelial function

DNA and RNA have been used for nanotechnology applications, though rarely in combination. Here the authors report the use of RNA motifs as structural joints with DNA building blocks for enhanced construction of small multi-component nanoshapes.

Objective: To examine whether characteristics of children and adolescents who start lifestyle intervention (LI) for obesity in Germany changed over the last decade. Methods: 65,453 subjects (Results: Extreme obesity was found to be more frequent at the onset of LI (2005: 11.6; 2015: 12.7%) with a similar trend in subgroups (p Conclusion: During the last decade, children and adolescents presented with higher BMI SDS at the onset of LI and the proportion with obesity-related comorbidities increased. Particularly the presence of comorbidities differed between outpatients and inpatients.

In this paper, we present the concept of the project «Visualized vocational aspirations: Potentials of photography for career counselling and vocational preparation», which is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The research project is a cooperation between the «Zurich University of Teacher Education» («Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich») and the «Laufbahnzentrum» (Centre of Vocational Counselling) Zürich. Vocational education often is largely language-based, which could be a problem for the lower achieving students. Visual stimulation could be a means to support the learning process of this group of at risk learners.

This commentary starts with a critical reflection on Jensenius and Godøy's sonomotiongrams as a sonification technique to represent movement shapes. Based on this we propose alternative mappings that require less information reduction. Furthermore, design criteria such as invariance, convergence, and stability are presented and applied to sonomotiongrams. Finally, we formulate necessary conditions for sonifications of movement shapes to support the perception and categorization of shapes, and we propose an experimental procedure to assess and compare movement shapes from auditory representations.

Der vorliegende Artikel stellt das Webseiten-Projekt bildbild vor. Der Webseite liegt die Motivation zugrunde, Schülerinnen und Schüler für ein Nachdenken über globale Themen zu sensibilisieren. Ein solches Nachdenken ist immer auch eines über bildlich vermittelte Wirklichkeit. Es ist mit bildbild ein Anliegen, angesichts einer allseits konstatierten «Bilderflut» ein didaktisches Medium zu entwickeln, das einen Fundus an historischen und aktuellen Fotografien zur Verfügung stellt und diese so aufbereitet, dass sie gerade nicht hinter ihrer illustrativen Funktion verschwinden. Dadurch sollen die Bilder für ein selbständiges Lernen auf dem Weg hin zu einer visuellen Kompetenz einsetzbar gemacht werden. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der Webseite vor dem Hintergrund kulturkritischer Haltungen zum Bild seit der Moderne sowie im Rahmen dessen, was seit den 1970er Jahren im pädagogischen Kontext als Visual Literacy diskutiert und gefördert wird. Dabei wird auch auf die medialen Potenziale einer Webseite für die Bildlesekompetenz von Jugendlichen eingegangen.

A class of dihydropyranobenzimidazole inhibitors was recently discovered that acts against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a new way, binding to the IRES-IIa subdomain of the highly conserved 5' untranslated region of the viral RNA and thus preventing the ribosome from initiating translation. However, the reported synthesis of these compounds is lengthy and low-yielding, the intermediates are troublesome to purify, and the route is poorly structured for the creation of libraries. We report a streamlined route to this class of inhibitors in which yields are far higher and most intermediates are crystalline. In addition, a key variable side chain is introduced late in the synthesis, allowing analogs to be easily synthesized for optimization of antiviral activity.

This paper provides a descriptive overview of the empirical evidence for potential effects of reflective weblog writing for coping with stress. Seventeen studies meeting the inclusion criteria are summarized in a systematic synopsis. Sixteen studies focus on self-initiated blogging in informal contexts. Only one study examines mandated weblog writing for coping in an institutionalized context. Results indicate that the public nature of weblogs opens up a variety of possibilities for both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, most importantly through social support. Although these studies show promising results, it remains unclear if and how the benefits of self-initiated blogging can be transferred to more formal settings. Thus, future research should examine how blogging can be mandated and scaffolded in order to foster coping strategies and decrease stress levels. For this purpose, experimentally controlled and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.

Die Beiträge des Themenheftes 23 beleuchten, wie ein erweitertes Verständnis von Fotografie und fotografischer Praxis für die Partizipation an einer bildzentrierten Gesellschaft gefördert werden kann und, nicht zuletzt, wodurch eine solche Förderung begründet ist. ‹Visuelle Kompetenz› als Ermöglichung von Teilhabe überspannt ein weites Feld – drei Themenbereiche werden in diesem Heft fokussiert: Fotografiegeschichte als Lerngegenstand in Schule und Hochschule, fotopraktische (Forschungs-)Projekte als Explorationen medienpädagogischer Potenziale und schliesslich Dimensionen von Fotografie in Medien- und Kunstrezeption. Fotografien lesen, Bilder machen, sich ein Bild machen – die Beiträge des Themenheftes loten den Zusammenhang zwischen Bildrezeption, Bildproduktion und der Erschliessung dessen aus, was uns als Realität umgibt und im fotografischen ­Medium ‹ins Bild gesetzt› ist. Dass es einer Reflexion solcher Bildwerdungsprozesse bedarf, um die viel diskutierte Wirkmacht der Bilder oder ihre inflationäre Unsichtbarkeit kritisch zu hinterfragen, weisen die verschiedenen Zugänge zu Fotografie im breiteren Kontext pädagogischer Vermittlungsarbeit auf. Dabei ist es nicht die Absicht dieses Heftes, durch ausufernde Begriffserörterungen die Frage danach zu klären, was mit ‹Visueller Kompetenz› gemeint sein kann oder sollte. Vielmehr ergibt sich aus der Zusammensicht der hier versammelten Beiträge ein Überblick über die Bereiche, in denen bildorientierte Theorie- und Praxiskompetenz ihre Relevanz entfaltet.

The racemic title compound, C12H16O6S, possesses a five-membered ring that adopts an envelope-shaped conformation; the two hydroxy groups occupy quasi-axial positions. Adjacent molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds to generate a ribbon that runs along the a axis of the orthorhombic unit cell. The crystal studied was an inversion twin.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H18N2O3, contains two molecules. The fused rings of both molecules are almost planar, with dihedral angles of 3.1 (1) and 2.8 (2)° between the fused rings. The furan rings are rotated by 43.85 (15) and −21.07 (9)° with respect to the planes of the attached bnzimidazole systems. In the crystal, molecules are linked into infinite chains by intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds.