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559 results on '"Tacconi, M"'

1. Fast and accurate evaluation of deep-space galactic cosmic ray fluxes with HelMod-4/CUDA

Author: Boschini, M.J., Cavallotto, G., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., La Vacca, G., Rancoita, P.G., and Tacconi, M.
Published: 2024
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2. Spectra of Cosmic Ray Sodium and Aluminum and Unexpected Aluminum Excess

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $\bar{p}$, $e^{\pm}$, and nuclei (H-Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectra of CR sodium and aluminum up to $\sim$2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. In this paper, we use precise measurements of the sodium and aluminum spectra by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to test their origin. We show that the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions made with the GalProp-HelMod framework, while aluminum spectrum shows a significant excess in the rigidity range from 2-7 GV. In this context, we discuss the origin of other low-energy excesses in Li, F, and Fe found earlier. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous $^{22}$Ne/$^{20}$Ne, $^{12}$C/$^{16}$O, and $^{58}$Fe/$^{56}$Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past SN activity in the solar neighborhood. We also provide updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) of sodium and aluminum in the rigidity range from few MV to $\sim$2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework that has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR $\bar{p}$, $e^{-}$, and nuclei $Z\le28$., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, 11 tables; ApJ in press
Published: 2022
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3. A Hint of a Low-Energy Excess in Cosmic-Ray Fluorine

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $\bar{p}$, $e^{\pm}$, and nuclei (H--O, Ne, Mg, Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectrum of CR fluorine up to $\sim$2 TV. Given its very low solar system abundance, fluorine in CRs is thought to be mostly secondary, produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Similar to the best-measured secondary-to-primary boron to carbon nuclei ratio that is widely used to study the origin and propagation of CR species, the precise fluorine data would allow the origin of Si-group nuclei to be studied independently. Meanwhile, the secondary origin of CR fluorine has never been tested in a wide energy range due to the lack of accurate CR data. In this paper, we use the first ever precise measurements of the fluorine spectrum by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to actually test this paradigm. Our detailed modeling shows an excess below 10 GV in the fluorine spectrum that may hint at a primary fluorine component. We also provide an updated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of fluorine in the rigidity range from few MV to $\sim$2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework that has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR $\bar{p}$, $e^{-}$, and nuclei $Z\le28$., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables; ApJ in press
Published: 2021
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4. A discovery of a low-energy excess in cosmic-ray iron: an evidence of the past supernova activity in the Local Bubble

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $\bar{p}$, $e^{\pm}$, and nuclei, $_1$H-$_8$O, $_{10}$Ne, $_{12}$Mg, $_{14}$Si, which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. One of the latest long awaited surprises is the spectrum of $_{26}$Fe just published by AMS-02. Because of the large fragmentation cross section and large ionization energy losses, most of CR iron at low energies is local, and may harbor some features associated with relatively recent supernova (SN) activity in the solar neighborhood. Our analysis of new iron spectrum together with Voyager 1 and ACE-CRIS data reveals an unexpected bump in the iron spectrum and in the Fe/He, Fe/O, and Fe/Si ratios at 1-2 GV, while a similar feature in the spectra of He, O, Si, and in their ratios is absent, hinting at a local source of low-energy CRs. The found excess fits well with recent discoveries of radioactive $^{60}$Fe deposits in terrestrial and lunar samples, and in CRs. We provide an updated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of iron in the energy range from 1 MeV nucleon$^{-1}$ to $\sim$10 TeV nucleon$^{-1}$. Our calculations employ the GalProp-HelMod framework that is proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR $\bar{p}$, $e^{-}$, and nuclei $Z\le28$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.01337
Published: 2021
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5. Inference of the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic Ray Nuclei Z<=28 with the GalProp-HelMod Framework

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Composition and spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are vital for studies of high-energy processes in a variety of environments and on different scales, for interpretation of gamma-ray and microwave observations, disentangling possible signatures of new phenomena, and for understanding of our local Galactic neighborhood. Since its launch, AMS-02 has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of antiprotons, electrons, positrons, and nuclei: H-O, Ne, Mg, Si. These measurements resulted in a number of breakthroughs, however, spectra of heavier nuclei and especially low-abundance nuclei are not expected until later in the mission. Meanwhile, a comparison of published AMS-02 results with earlier data from HEAO-3-C2 indicate that HEAO-3-C2 data may be affected by undocumented systematic errors. Utilizing such data to compensate for the lack of AMS-02 measurements could result in significant errors. In this paper we show that a fraction of HEAO-3-C2 data match available AMS-02 measurements quite well and can be used together with Voyager 1 and ACE-CRIS data to make predictions for the local interstellar spectra (LIS) of nuclei that are not yet released by AMS-02. We are also updating our already published LIS to provide a complete set from H-Ni in the energy range from 1 MeV/nucleon to ~100-500 TeV/nucleon thus covering 8-9 orders of magnitude in energy. Our calculations employ the GalProp-HelMod framework that is proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR antiprotons, electrons, and nuclei H-O., Comment: 90 pages, 36 figures, 60 tables, ApJS; Fixed typos in Eqs.(C2) and (C32)
Published: 2020
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6. Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of secondary nuclei with GALPROP/HelMod framework and a hint for primary lithium in cosmic rays

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Local interstellar spectra (LIS) of secondary cosmic ray (CR) nuclei, lithium, beryllium, boron, and partially secondary nitrogen, are derived in the rigidity range from 10 MV to ~200 TV using the most recent experimental results combined with the state-of-the-art models for CR propagation in the Galaxy and in the heliosphere. The lithium spectrum appears somewhat flatter at high energies compared to other secondary species that may imply a primary lithium component. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined to provide a single framework that is run to reproduce direct measurements of CR species at different modulation levels, and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. An iterative maximum-likelihood method is developed that uses GALPROP-predicted LIS as input to HelMod, which provides the modulated spectra for specific time periods of the selected experiments for the model-data comparison. The proposed LIS accommodate the low-energy interstellar spectra measured by Voyager 1, HEAO-3, and ACE/CRIS as well as the high-energy observations by PAMELA, AMS-02, and earlier experiments that are made deep in the heliosphere. The interstellar and heliospheric propagation parameters derived in this study are consistent with our earlier results for propagation of CR protons, helium, carbon, oxygen, antiprotons, and electrons., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, ApJ accepted
Published: 2019
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7. Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of primary cosmic ray species with HelMod

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Local interstellar spectra (LIS) of primary cosmic ray (CR) nuclei, such as helium, oxygen, and mostly primary carbon are derived for the rigidity range from 10 MV to ~200 TV using the most recent experimental results combined with the state-of-the-art models for CR propagation in the Galaxy and in the heliosphere. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined into a single framework that is used to reproduce direct measurements of CR species at different modulation levels, and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. The developed iterative maximum-likelihood method uses GALPROP-predicted LIS as input to HelMod, which provides the modulated spectra for specific time periods of the selected experiments for model-data comparison. The interstellar and heliospheric propagation parameters derived in this study are consistent with our prior analyses using the same methodology for propagation of CR protons, helium, antiprotons, and electrons. The resulting LIS accommodate a variety of measurements made in the local interstellar space (Voyager 1) and deep inside the heliosphere at low (ACE/CRIS, HEAO-3) and high energies (PAMELA, AMS-02)., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, ApJ in press. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.06337
Published: 2018
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8. HelMod in the works: from direct observations to the local interstellar spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons for the energy range 1 MeV to 1 TeV is derived using the most recent experimental results combined with the state-of-the-art models for CR propagation in the Galaxy and in the heliosphere. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined to provide a single framework that is run to reproduce direct measurements of CR species at different modulation levels, and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. An iterative maximum-likelihood method is developed that uses GALPROP-predicted LIS as input to HelMod, which provides the modulated spectra for specific time periods of the selected experiments for model-data comparison. The optimized HelMod parameters are then used to adjust GALPROP parameters to predict a refined LIS with the procedure repeated subject to a convergence criterion. The parameter optimization uses an extensive data set of proton spectra from 1997-2015. The proposed CR electron LIS accommodates both the low-energy interstellar spectra measured by Voyager 1 as well as the high-energy observations by PAMELA and AMS-02 that are made deep in the heliosphere; it also accounts for Ulysses counting rate features measured out of the ecliptic plane. The interstellar and heliospheric propagation parameters derived in this study agree well with our earlier results for CR protons, helium nuclei, and anti-protons propagation and LIS obtained in the same framework., Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables; ApJ, in press
Published: 2018
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9. Solution of heliospheric propagation: unveiling the local interstellar spectra of cosmic ray species

Author: Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Johannesson, G., Kachelriess, M., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Orlando, E., Ostapchenko, S. S., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Local interstellar spectra (LIS) for protons, helium and antiprotons are built using the most recent experimental results combined with the state-of-the-art models for propagation in the Galaxy and heliosphere. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined to provide a single framework that is run to reproduce direct measurements of cosmic ray (CR) species at different modulation levels and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. To do so in a self-consistent way, an iterative procedure was developed, where the GALPROP LIS output is fed into HelMod that provides modulated spectra for specific time periods of selected experiments to compare with the data; the HelMod parameters optimization is performed at this stage and looped back to adjust the LIS using the new GALPROP run. The parameters were tuned with the maximum likelihood procedure using an extensive data set of proton spectra from 1997-2015. The proposed LIS accommodate both the low energy interstellar CR spectra measured by Voyager 1 and the high energy observations by BESS, Pamela, AMS-01, and AMS-02 made from the balloons and near-Earth payloads; it also accounts for Ulysses counting rate features measured out of the ecliptic plane. The found solution is in a good agreement with proton, helium, and antiproton data by AMS-02, BESS, and PAMELA in the whole energy range., Comment: 22 pages, 23 figures, 8 tables, and 3 machine-readable tables; ApJ, in press
Published: 2017
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10. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the international space station: Part II — Results from the first seven years

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Bates, J., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Burger, W.J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y.H., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y.M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Galaktionov, Y., Gámez, C., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., Hashmani, R.K., He, Z.H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T.H., Hu, J.Y., Huang, Z.C., Hungerford, W., Incagli, M., Jang, W.Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, J.Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, T.X., Li, Z.H., Light, C., Lin, C.H., Lippert, T., Liu, Z., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mo, D.C., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H.D., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Porter, S., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Song, J.W., Sonnabend, R., Sun, Q., Sun, Z.T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C.C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tüysüz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Z.X., Wei, J., Weng, Z.L., Wu, H., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F.Z., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., and Zuccon, P.
Published: 2021
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11. Cosmic Rays Propagation with HelMod: Difference between forward-in-time and backward-in-time approaches

Author: Della Torre, S., Bobik, P., Boschini, M. J., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., La Vacca, G., Pensotti, S., Putis, M., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., Tacconi, M., and Zannoni, M.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The cosmic rays modulation inside the heliosphere is well described by a transport equation introduced by Parker in 1965. To solve this equation several approaches were followed in the past. Recently the Monte Carlo approach becomes widely used in force of his advantages with respect to other numerical methods. In the Monte Carlo approach, the transport equation is associated to a fully equivalent set of Stochastic Differential Equations. This set is used to describe the stochastic path of a quasi-particle from a source, e.g., the interstellar medium, to a specific target, e.g., a detector at Earth. In this work, we present both the Forward-in-Time and Backward-in-Time Monte Carlo solutions. We present an implementation of both algorithms in the framework of HelMod Code showing that the difference between the two approach is below 5\% that can be quoted as the systematic uncertain of the Method itself., Comment: presented at the The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July- 6 August, 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands
Published: 2015

12. SCELib4.0: The new program version for computing molecular properties in the Single Center Approach

Author: Sanna, N., Morelli, G., Orlandini, S., Tacconi, M., and Baccarelli, I.
Published: 2020
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13. NIEL Dose Dependence for Solar Cells Irradiated with Electrons and Protons

Author: Baur, C., Gervasi, M., Nieminen, P., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The investigation of solar cells degradation and the prediction of its end-of-life performance is of primary importance in the preparation of a space mission. In the present work, we investigate the reduction of solar-cells' maximum power resulting from irradiations with electrons and protons. Both GaAs single junction and GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells were studied. The results obtained indicate how i) the dominant radiation damaging mechanism is due to atomic displacements, ii) the relative maximum power degradation is almost independent of the type of incoming particle, i.e., iii) to a first approximation, the fitted semi-empirical function expressing the decrease of maximum power depends only on the absorbed NIEL dose, and iv) the actual displacement threshold energy value (Ed=21 eV) accounts for annealing treatments, mostly due to self-annealing induced effects. Thus, for a given type of solar cell, a unique maximum power degradation curve can be determined as a function of the absorbed NIEL dose. The latter expression allows one to predict the performance of those solar cells in space radiation environment., Comment: To appear on the Proceedings of the 13th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 23--27 October, 2013, to be published by World Scientific (Singapore)
Published: 2013
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14. Inference of the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei Z ≤ 28 with the GALPROP–HELMOD Framework: Prediction Capability and Hints of Excesses

Author: Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Johannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Johannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., Tacconi M., Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Johannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Johannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., and Tacconi M.
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. Some of the most recent AMS-02 results are the measurements of the spectra of CR fluorine, sodium and aluminum up to 2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Using AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data, our calculations within the GALPROP–HELMOD framework provided updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) for these species, in the rigidity range from few MV to few TV. While the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions, fluorine and aluminum LIS show excesses below 10 GV, hinting at primary components. In this context, the origin of other previously found excesses in Li and Fe is discussed. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernovae activity in the solar neighborhood.
Published: 2023

15. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., and Zuccon, P.
Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
Published: 2023

16. Cosmic Ray Modulation studied with HelMod Monte Carlo tool and comparison with Ulysses Fast Scan Data during consecutive Solar Minima

Author: Bobik, P., Boella, G., Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., La Vacca, G., Kudela, K., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: The Cosmic Rays propagation was studied in details using the HelMod-2D Monte Carlo code, that includes a general description of the diffusion tensor, and polar magnetic-field. The Numerical Approach used in this work is based on a set of Stochastic Differential Equations fully equivalent to the well know Parker Equation for the transport of Cosmic Rays. In our approach the Diffusion tensor in the frame of the magnetic field turbolence does not depends explicitly by Solar Latitude but varies with time using a diffusion parameter obtained by Neutron Monitors. The parameters of the Model were tuned using data during the solar Cycle 23 and Ulysses latitudinal Fast Scan in 1995. The actual parametrization is able to well reproduce the observed latitudinal gradient of protons and the southward shift of the minimum of latitudinal intensity. The description of the model is also available online at website www.helmod.org. The model was then applied on Pamela/Ulysses proton intensity from 2006 up to 2009. The model during this 4-year continous period agree well with both PAMELA (at 1 AU) and Ulysses data (at various solar distance and solar latitude). The agreement improves when considering the ratio between this data. Studies done also with particles with different charge (e.g. electrons) allow us to explain the presence (or not) of protons and electrons latitudinal gradients observed by Ulysses during the Latitudinal Fast Scan in 1995 and 2007.
Published: 2013

17. GeoMag and HelMod webmodels version for magnetosphere and heliosphere transport of cosmic rays

Author: Bobik, P., Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Kudela, K., La Vacca, G., Pensotti, S., Putis, M., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We implemented a website to deal with main effects on Cosmic Ray access to the Earth, i.e. the Solar Modulation and the Geomagnetic Field effect. In helmod.org the end user can easily access a web interface to results catalog of the HelMod Monte Carlo Code. This Model uses a Monte Carlo Approach to solves the Parker Transport Equation, obtaining a modulated proton flux for a period (monthly average) between January 1990 and december 2007. geomagsphere.org is instead based on GeoMag Backtracing Code, that solves the Lorentz equation with a Runge-Kutta method of 6th order, and, reversing charge sign and velocity, reconstruct particle trajectories in the Earth Magnetosphere back in time. We use last models of internal (IGRF-11) and external (Tsyganenko 1996 -T96- and 2005 -T05-) field components valid up to 2015. Particles are backtraced to the outer (magnetopause) or inner boundary to separate Primary (allowed trajectory) from Secondary (forbidden) Cosmic Rays. This code has been used both for reproducing known effects as East-West effect and rigidity cutoff calculations. In geomagsphere.org the user can choose the external field model from Tsyganenko (T96 or T05) and obtain for a fixed position and date from 1st Jan. 1968 (T96) and 1st Jan. 1995 (T05) respectively till 31$^{st}$ Dec 2012, the vertical rigidity cutoff estimation obtained with the backtracing technique with a rigidity step of 0.1 GV. For a more precise calculation (0.01 GV), requiring more CPU time, results are sent to the user by email (mail model)
Published: 2013

18. Suprathermal particle addition to solar wind pressure: possible influence on magnetospheric transmissivity of low energy cosmic rays?

Author: Bobik, P., Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Kudela, K., La Vacca, G., Mallamaci, M., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: Energetic (suprathermal) solar particles, accelerated in the interplanetary medium, contribute to the solar wind pressure, in particular during high solar activity periods. We estimated the effect of the increase of solar wind pressure due to suprathermal particles on magnetospheric transmissivity of galactic cosmic rays in the case of one recent solar event.
Published: 2013

19. Geomagnetic Backtracing: A comparison of Tsyganenko 1996 and 2005 External Field models with AMS-02 data

Author: Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Haino, S., La Vacca, G., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We used a backtracing code to reconstruct particle trajectory inside the Earth Magnetosphere during the last solar active period (2011 and 2012) when very high Solar Wind pressure values were measured. We compared our results on AMS-02 proton and electron data with 2 different External Field models, namely Tsyganenko 1996 (T96) and 2005 (T05), both for quiet (defined as the periods when the solar wind pressure is below the average value, set at 2nPa) and active periods. Although T05 has been specifically designed for storm events, at high energy the particle trajectory is similar for the two models. For instance at rigidities larger than 50 GV, the RMS of angular difference between reconstructed asymptotic direction outside the Magnetosphere is of the order of the millirad, while it increases at intermediate energies. We also confirmed, as a function of the pointing direction, the well known East-West effect on the trajectory of primary particles and on the access solid angle on the AMS detector.
Published: 2013

20. CH+ depletion by atomic hydrogen: accuracy of new rates in photo-dominated and self-shielded environments

Author: Bovino, S., Grassi, T., Tacconi, M., and Gianturco, F. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: A detailed quantum analysis of a ionic reaction with a crucial role in the ISM is carried out to generate ab initio reactive cross sections with a quantum method. From them we obtain the corresponding CH+ depletion rates over a broad range of temperatures. The new rates are further linked to a complex chemical network that shows the evolution in time of the CH+ abundance in photodissociation region (PDR) and molecular cloud (MC) environments. The evolutionary abundances of CH+ are given by numerical solutions of a large set of coupled, first-order kinetics equations by employing the new chemical package KROME. The differences found between all existing calculations from low-T experiments are explained via a simple numerical model that links the low-T cross section reductions to collinear approaches where nonadiabatic crossings dominate. The analysis of evolutionary abundance of CH+ reveals that the important region for the depletion reaction of this study is that above 100 K, hence showing that, at least for this reaction, the differences with the existing low-temperature experiments are of essentially no importance within the astrochemical environments. A detailed analysis of the chemical network involving CH+ also shows that a slight decrease in the initial oxygen abundance might lead to higher CH+ abundance since the main chemical carbon ion depletion channel is reduced in efficiency. This simplified observation might provide an alternative starting point to understand the problem of astrochemical models in matching the observed CH+ abundances., Comment: 9 pags, 6 figs, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2013

21. An expression for the Mott cross section of electrons and positrons on nuclei with Z up t0 118

Author: Boschini, M J, Consoland, C, Gervasi, M, Giani, S, Grandi, D, Ivanchenko, V, Nieminem, P, Pensotti, S, Rancoita, P G, and Tacconi, M
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In the present work, an improved numerical solution for determining the ratio,$\mathcal{R}^{\rm Mott}$, of the unscreened Mott differential cross section (MDCS) with respect to Rutherford's formula is proposed for the scattering of electrons and positrons on nuclei with $1\leq Z \leq 118$. It accounts for incoming lepton energies between 1\,keV and 900\,MeV. For both electrons and positrons, a fitting formula and a set of fitting coefficients for the ratio $\mathcal{R}^{\rm Mott}$ on nuclei are also presented. The found average error of the latter practical interpolated expression is typically lower than 1% also at low energy for electrons and lower than 0.05% for positrons for all nuclei over the entire energy range., Comment: accepted for publication in Radiation Physics and Chemistry
Published: 2013

22. Latitudinal Dependence of Cosmic Rays Modulation at 1 AU and Interplanetary-Magnetic-Field Polar Correction

Author: Bobik, P., Boella, G., Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Kudela, K., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The cosmic rays differential intensity inside the heliosphere, for energy below 30 GeV/nuc, depends on solar activity and interplanetary magnetic field polarity. This variation, termed solar modulation, is described using a 2-D (radius and colatitude) Monte Carlo approach for solving the Parker transport equation that includes diffusion, convection, magnetic drift and adiabatic energy loss. Since the whole transport is strongly related to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) structure, a better understanding of his description is needed in order to reproduce the cosmic rays intensity at the Earth, as well as outside the ecliptic plane. In this work an interplanetary magnetic field model including the standard description on ecliptic region and a polar correction is presented. This treatment of the IMF, implemented in the HelMod Monte Carlo code (version 2.0), was used to determine the effects on the differential intensity of Proton at 1\,AU and allowed one to investigate how latitudinal gradients of proton intensities, observed in the inner heliosphere with the Ulysses spacecraft during 1995, can be affected by the modification of the IMF in the polar regions., Comment: accepted for publication inAdvances in Astronomy
Published: 2012
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23. Bronchiectasis as long-term complication of acute fire smoke inhalation?

Author: Rizzato, S., Tacconi, M., Andrisani, D., Luppi, F., Clini, E., and Cerri, S.
Published: 2024
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24. Electrical Characterization of SiPM as a Function of Test Frequency and Temperature

Author: Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Fallica, P. G., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Mazzillo, M., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Sanfilippo, D., Tacconi, M., and Valvo, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) represent a promising alternative to classical photomultipliers, for instance, for the detection of photons in high energy physics and medical physics. In the present work, electrical characterizations of test devices - manufactured by ST Microelectronics - are presented. SiPMs with an area of 3.5x3.5 micron^2 and a cell pitch of 54 micron were manufactured as arrays of 64x64 cells and exhibiting a fill factor of 31%. The capacitance of SiPMs was measured as a function of reverse bias voltage at frequencies ranging from from 20 Hz up to 1 MHz and temperatures from 300 K down to 85 K. While leakage currents were measured at temperatures from 400 K down to 85 K. Thus, the threshold voltage - i.e., voltage corresponding to that at which the multiplication regime for the leakage current begins - could be determined as a function of temperature. Finally, an electrical model suited to reproduce the dependence of the frequency dependence of capacitance is presented., Comment: To appear on the Proceedings of the 13th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 3-7 October, 2011, to be published by World Scientific (Singapore)
Published: 2011
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25. Nuclear and Non-Ionizing Energy-loss of Electrons with Low and Relativistic Energies in Materials and Space Environment

Author: Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Gervasi, M., Giani, S., Grandi, D., Ivanchenko, V., Nieminem, P., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The treatment of the electron-nucleus interaction based on the Mott differential cross section was extended to account for effects due to screened Coulomb potentials, finite sizes and finite rest masses of nuclei for electrons above 200 keV and up to ultra high energies. This treatment allows one to determine both the total and differential cross sections, thus, subsequently to calculate the resulting nuclear and non-ionizing stopping powers. Above a few hundreds of MeV, neglecting the effect due to finite rest masses of recoil nuclei the stopping power and NIEL result to be largely underestimated; while, above a few tens of MeV the finite size of the nuclear target prevents a further large increase of stopping powers which approach almost constant values., Comment: To appear on the Proceedings of the 13th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 3--7 October, 2011, to be published by World Scientific (Singapore)
Published: 2011
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26. Systematic Investigation of Solar Modulation of Galactic Protons for Solar Cycle 23 using a Monte Carlo Approach with Particle Drift Effects and Latitudinal Dependence

Author: Bobik, P., Boella, G., Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Kudela, K., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: A propagation model of galactic cosmic protons through the Heliosphere was implemented using a 2-D Monte Carlo approach to determine the differential intensities of protons during the solar cycle 23. The model includes the effects due to the variation of solar activity during the propagation of cosmic rays from the boundary of the heliopause down to Earth's position. Drift effects are also accounted for. The simulated spectra were found in agreement with those obtained with experimental observations carried out by BESS, AMS and PAMELA collaborations. In addition, the modulated spectrum determined with the present code for the year 1995 exhibits the latitudinal gradient and equatorial southward offset minimum found by Ulysses fast scan in 1995., Comment: accepted for publication on The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2011
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27. Proton Modulation in the Heliosphere for Different Solar Conditions and Prediction for AMS-02

Author: Bobik, P., Boella, G., Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Kudela, K., Memola, E., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Spectra of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) measured at the Earth are the combination of several processes: sources production and acceleration, propagation in the interstellar medium and propagation in the heliosphere. Inside the solar cavity the flux of GCRs is reduced due to the solar modulation, the interaction which they have with the interplanetary medium. We realized a 2D stochastic simulation of solar modulation to reproduce CR spectra at the Earth, and evaluated the importance in our results of the Local Interstellar Spectrum (LIS) model and its agreement with data at high energy. We show a good agreement between our model and the data taken by AMS-01 and BESS experiments during periods with different solar activity conditions. Furthermore we made a prediction for the flux which will be measured by AMS-02 experiment., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the ICATPP Conference on Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 7-8 October, 2010, to be published by World Scientific (Singapore)
Published: 2010
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28. Nuclear and Non-Ionizing Energy-Loss for Coulomb Scattered Particles from Low Energy up to Relativistic Regime in Space Radiation Environment

Author: Boschini, M. J., Consolandi, C., Gervasi, M., Giani, S., Grandi, D., Ivanchenko, V., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., and Tacconi, M.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In the space environment, instruments onboard of spacecrafts can be affected by displacement damage due to radiation. The differential scattering cross section for screened nucleus--nucleus interactions - i.e., including the effects due to screened Coulomb nuclear fields -, nuclear stopping powers and non-ionization energy losses are treated from about 50 keV/nucleon up to relativistic energies., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the ICATPP Conference on Cosmic Rays for Particle and Astroparticle Physics, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 7--8 October, 2010, to be published by World Scientific
Published: 2010
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29. Bronchiectasis as long-term complication of acute fire smoke inhalation?

Author: Rizzato, S., primary, Tacconi, M., additional, Andrisani, D., additional, Luppi, F., additional, Clini, E., additional, and Cerri, S., additional
Published: 2023
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30. Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author: Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Battiston, R., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Behlmann, M., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Belyaev, N., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Berdugo, J., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Bertucci, B., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Bindi, V., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Bollweg, K., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Bolster, J., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schultz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Borgia, B., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Boschini, M. J., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Ambrosi, G., Bourquin, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Bueno, E. F., Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Burger, J., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Burger, W. J., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Arruda, L., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Attig, N., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Bagwell, C., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Barao, F., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Barrin, L., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Bartoloni, A., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, solar modulation, ddc:530, cosmic rays electron
Abstract: We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×108 electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.
Published: 2023

31. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Cosmic rays
Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 × 106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
Published: 2023

32. Properties of Cosmic Aluminum Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Liu, Z, Paniccia, M, Zhang, C, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Liu Z., Paniccia M., Zhang C., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M. V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Liu, Z, Paniccia, M, Zhang, C, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Liu Z., Paniccia M., Zhang C., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M. V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: We report the properties of aluminum (Al) nuclei in cosmic rays measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.51 million nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We observed that above 6 GV the Al spectrum is well described by the weighted sum of the silicon spectrum (primary cosmic rays) and the fluorine spectrum (secondary cosmic rays). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity and becomes dominant at highest rigidities. Al/Si abundance ratio at the source is determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Published: 2022

33. Observation of Z>2 trapped nuclei by AMS on ISS

Author: Giovacchini, F, Oliva, A, Valencia-Otero, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Giovacchini F., Oliva A., Valencia-Otero M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schulz von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Giovacchini, F, Oliva, A, Valencia-Otero, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Giovacchini F., Oliva A., Valencia-Otero M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Schulz von Dratzig A., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics experiment operating continuously aboard the International Space Station (ISS) since the 19th of May of 2011. A component of trapped Z>2 ions located in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) has been detected traversing the instrument both in down-going and up-going directions.
Published: 2022

34. Spectra of Cosmic Ray Fluorine, Sodium and Aluminum and the Hints of Low-energy Excesses

Author: Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Jóhannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., Tacconi M., Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Jóhannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., and Tacconi M.
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. Some of the most recent AMS-02 results are the measurements of the spectra of CR fluorine, sodium and aluminum up to 2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Using AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data, our calculations within the GALPROP-HELMOD framework provided updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) for these species, in the rigidity range from few MV to few TV. While the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions, fluorine and aluminum LIS show excesses below 10 GV, hinting at primary components. In this context, the origin of other previously found excesses in Li and Fe is discussed. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernovae activity in the solar neighborhood.
Published: 2022

35. Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Sodium and Aluminum and Unexpected Aluminum Excess

Author: Boschini, M, Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Masi, N, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini, M. J., Torre, S. Della, Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Jóhannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., Tacconi, M., Boschini, M, Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Masi, N, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini, M. J., Torre, S. Della, Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Jóhannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, p ̄, e ±, and nuclei (H-Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectra of CR sodium and aluminum up to ∼2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. In this paper, we use precise measurements of the sodium and aluminum spectra by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to test their origin. We show that the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions made with the GalProp-HelMod framework, while the aluminum spectrum shows a significant excess in the rigidity range from 2-7 GV. In this context, we discuss the origin of other low-energy excesses in Li, F, and Fe found earlier. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernova activity in the solar neighborhood. We also provide updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) of sodium and aluminum in the rigidity range from a few megavolts to 7sim;2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework, which has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR p ̄, e -, and nuclei Z ≤ 28.
Published: 2022

36. A Hint of a Low-energy Excess in Cosmic-Ray Fluorine

Author: Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Masi, N, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Jóhannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., Tacconi, M., Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Masi, N, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., Jóhannesson, G., La Vacca, G., Masi, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Pensotti, S., Porter, T. A., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., and Tacconi, M.
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species ( p ̄, e±) and nuclei (H-O, Ne, Mg, Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectrum of CR fluorine up to ∼2 TV. Given its very low solar system abundance, fluorine in CRs is thought to be mostly secondary, produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Similar to the best-measured secondary-to-primary boron to carbon nuclei ratio that is widely used to study the origin and propagation of CR species, the precise fluorine data would allow the origin of Si-group nuclei to be studied independently. Meanwhile, the secondary origin of CR fluorine has never been tested in a wide energy range due to the lack of accurate CR data. In this paper, we use the first ever precise measurements of the fluorine spectrum by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to actually test this paradigm. Our detailed modeling shows an excess below 10 GV in the fluorine spectrum that may hint at a primary fluorine component. We also provide an updated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of fluorine in the rigidity range from a few MV to ∼2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework that has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR p ̄ and e-, and nuclei Z ≤ 28.
Published: 2022

37. Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Chen, Y, Paniccia, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Chen Y., Paniccia M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., de Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., Zuccon P., Chen, Y, Paniccia, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Chen Y., Paniccia M., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Allen M. S., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beischer B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., de Boer W., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Galaktionov Y., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Kanishev K., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Lyu S. S., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Mo D. C., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Piandani R., Plyaskin V., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zimmermann N., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62 million iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray Fe flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of the primary cosmic ray He, C, and O fluxes, with the Fe/O flux ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly Fe and He, C, and O belong to the same class of primary cosmic rays which is different from the primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si class.
Published: 2022

38. Temporal structures in electron spectra and charge sign effects in galactic cosmic rays

Author: Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Behlmann, M. (M.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Burmeister, S. (S.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoez, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Freeman, C. (C.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoez, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Light, C. (C.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Pohl, M. (M.), Poluianov, S. (S.), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Rosier-Lees, S. (S.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Ting, S. M. (S. M.), Tomassetti, N. (N.), Torsti, J. (J.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (I.), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), Zuccon, P. (P.), Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Behlmann, M. (M.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Burmeister, S. (S.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoez, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Freeman, C. (C.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoez, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Light, C. (C.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Pohl, M. (M.), Poluianov, S. (S.), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Rosier-Lees, S. (S.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Ting, S. M. (S. M.), Tomassetti, N. (N.), Torsti, J. (J.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (I.), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), and Zuccon, P. (P.)
Abstract: We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0 x 10⁸ electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6 sigma at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.
Published: 2023

39. Properties of cosmic-ray sulfur and determination of the composition of primary cosmic-ray carbon, neon, magnesium, and sulfur:ten-year results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Alpat, B. (B.), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borchiellini, M. (M.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. (H.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoz, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Huang, B. W. (B. W.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoz, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, S. D. (S. D.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Ottupara, M. A. (M. A.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Poluianov, S. (Stepan), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Romaneehsen, L. (L.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Tian, Y. (Y.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (Ilya), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Wu, Y. (Y.), Xiao, J. N. (J. N.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xiong, X. Z. (X. Z.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, H. T. (H. T.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), You, Y. H. (Y. H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. (J.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), Zuccon, P. (P.), Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Alpat, B. (B.), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borchiellini, M. (M.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. (H.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoz, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Huang, B. W. (B. W.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoz, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, S. D. (S. D.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Ottupara, M. A. (M. A.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Poluianov, S. (Stepan), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Romaneehsen, L. (L.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Tian, Y. (Y.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (Ilya), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Wu, Y. (Y.), Xiao, J. N. (J. N.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xiong, X. Z. (X. Z.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, H. T. (H. T.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), You, Y. H. (Y. H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. (J.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), and Zuccon, P. (P.)
Abstract: We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 x 10⁶ sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167 ± 0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833 ± 0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994 ± 0.029, and for C/O is 0.836 ± 0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.
Published: 2023

40. Bronchiectasis as long-term complication of acute fire smoke inhalation?

Author: Rizzato, S, Tacconi, M, Andrisani, D, Luppi, F, Clini, E, Cerri, S, Rizzato, S, Tacconi, M, Andrisani, D, Luppi, F, Clini, E, and Cerri, S
Published: 2023

41. Spectra of Cosmic Ray Fluorine, Sodium and Aluminum and the Hints of Low-energy Excesses

Author: Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Jóhannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., Tacconi M., Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, and Tacconi, M
Subjects: FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, cosmic rays
Abstract: Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. Some of the most recent AMS-02 results are the measurements of the spectra of CR fluorine, sodium and aluminum up to 2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Using AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data, our calculations within the GALPROP-HELMOD framework provided updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) for these species, in the rigidity range from few MV to few TV. While the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions, fluorine and aluminum LIS show excesses below 10 GV, hinting at primary components. In this context, the origin of other previously found excesses in Li and Fe is discussed. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernovae activity in the solar neighborhood.
Published: 2022

42. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV

Author: Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, Leila, Behlmann, M., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, Manbing, Li, Q., Li, Sichen, Beranek, B., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Berdugo, J., Lübelsmeyer, Klaus, Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, Fabian, Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Bertucci, B., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, Nikolay, Bindi, V., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Bollweg, K., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Borgia, B., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, Stefan, Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, Georg, Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Boschini, M. J., Siedenburg, Thorsten, Solano, C., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, Robin, Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Bourquin, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Bueno, E. F., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Ambrosi, G., Burger, J., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Burger, W. J., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Burmeister, S., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, Valery, Zichichi, A., Cai, X. D., Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration, Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Arruda, L., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, Sofia, Choutko, V., Chung, Chan Hoon, Clark, C., Coignet, G., Attig, N., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Barao, F., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Barrin, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, Henning, Gervasi, M., Bartoloni, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Battiston, R., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Thomas, Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AMS, Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagoz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L.A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M.J., Bourquin M., Bueno E.F., Burger J., Burger W.J., Burmeister S., Cai X.D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y.H., Chen G.M., Chen G.R., Chen H.S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H.Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C.H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M.B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R.J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D.M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K.C., Hashmani R.K., He Z.H., Heber B., Hsieh T.H., Hu J.Y., Incagli M., Jang W.Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagoz G., Khiali B., Kim G.N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H.T., Lee S.C., Li J.Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J.H., Li Z.H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C.H., Lippert T., Liu J.H., Liu Z., Lu S.Q., Lu Y.S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J.Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V.V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H.D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z.Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P.G., Rapin D., Conde A.R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A.S., Schwering G., Seo E.S., Shakfa Z., Shan B.S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J.W., Song X.J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z.T., Tacconi M., Tang X.W., Tang Z.C., Tian J., Ting S.C.C., Ting S.M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J.P., Wang C.X., Wang L., Wang L.Q., Wang N.H., Wang Q.L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z.M., Wei J., Weng Z.L., Wu H., Xiong R.Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I.I., Yi H., Yu Y.M., Yu Z.Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F.Z., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z.M., Zhuang H.L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Astronomy, Bourquin, Maurice, Chen, Yao, Liu, Zhen, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Robyn, Erwan, and Wei, Jiahui
Subjects: flux [p], Astrophysics and Astronomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, satellite, helium: flux, General Physics and Astronomy, density [p], magnetic field, ddc:500.2, flux [helium], p: density, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], time-of-flight, Cosmic ray acceleration, Daily Proton Fluxe, 01 natural sciences, rotation, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Cosmology & Astrophysics, AMS-02, PAMELA, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic ray acceleration, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, Cosmic ray propagation, Cosmic ray sources, Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, precision measurement, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], COSMIC RAYS, Cosmic ray sources, Space stations, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic ray, p: flux, solar, Cosmology, flux, cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray propagation, COSMIC RAYS, MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER, SOLAR MODULATION, SOLAR MODULATION, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravitation
Abstract: Physical review letters 127(27), 271102 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102, Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2021

43. Inference of the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei Z ≤ 28 with the GALPROP–HELMOD Framework: Prediction Capability and Hints of Excesses

Author: Masi, Nicolo, primary, Masi, N., additional, Boschini, M. J., additional, DellaTorre, S., additional, Gervasi, M., additional, Grandi1, D., additional, Johannesson, G., additional, LaVacca, G., additional, Moskalenko, I.V., additional, Pensotti, S., additional, Porter, T.A., additional, Quadrani, L., additional, Rancoita, P.G., additional, Rozza, D., additional, and Tacconi, M., additional
Published: 2023
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44. Observation of Z>2 trapped nuclei by AMS on ISS

Author: Giovacchini, F., Oliva, A., Valencia-Otero, M., Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Allen, M. S., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basegmez-Du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beranek, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirkoz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Diaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Galaktionov, Y., Gamez, C., Garcia-Lopez, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Gomez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., Z. H., He, Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., J. Y., Hu, Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., J. Q., Li, Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., J. H., Li, Z. H., Li, Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Lu, Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, X., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mana, C., Marin, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martinez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., D. C., Mo, Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Piandani, R., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Z. Y., Qu, Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tuysuz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Yu, Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Giovacchini, F, Oliva, A, Valencia-Otero, M, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Allen, M, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Galaktionov, Y, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Mo, D, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Piandani, R, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Alpha magnetic spectrometer, South atlantic anomalies, International Space station, High-energy particle physic, Particle physics experiment
Abstract: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics experiment operating continuously aboard the International Space Station (ISS) since the 19th of May of 2011. A component of trapped Z>2 ions located in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) has been detected traversing the instrument both in down-going and up-going directions.
Published: 2022

45. Properties of Cosmic Aluminum Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Liu Z., Paniccia M., Zhang C., Aguilar M., Ali Cavasonza L., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn Th., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Reina Conde A., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Acosta M. V., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Liu, Z, Paniccia, M, Zhang, C, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P
Subjects: FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Rigidity, Space stations, Cosmic ray, Particle spectrometer, Cosmology
Abstract: We report the properties of aluminum (Al) nuclei in cosmic rays measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.51 million nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We observed that above 6 GV the Al spectrum is well described by the weighted sum of the silicon spectrum (primary cosmic rays) and the fluorine spectrum (secondary cosmic rays). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity and becomes dominant at highest rigidities. Al/Si abundance ratio at the source is determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Published: 2022

46. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV

Author: Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagoz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagoz G., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagoz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagoz G., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: We present the precision measurement of the daily proton fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 (a total of 2824 days or 114 Bartels rotations) in the rigidity interval from 1 to 100 GV based on 5.5×109 protons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. The proton fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. From 2014 to 2018, we observed recurrent flux variations with a period of 27 days. Shorter periods of 9 days and 13.5 days are observed in 2016. The strength of all three periodicities changes with time and rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the 27-day periodicity is different from the rigidity dependences of 9-day and 13.5-day periods. Unexpectedly, the strength of 9-day and 13.5-day periodicities increases with increasing rigidities up to ~10 GV and ~20 GV, respectively. Then the strength of the periodicities decreases with increasing rigidity up to 100 GV.
Published: 2021

47. Erratum: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021)]

Author: Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101.
Published: 2021

48. Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen

Author: Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tüysüz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beranek, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tüysüz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tüysüz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Behlmann, M., Beranek, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, S., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schulz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Solano, C., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Tüysüz, C., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., and Zuccon, P.
Abstract: We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
Published: 2021

49. Erratum: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021)]

Author: Aguilar M., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Aguilar M., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Tuysuz, C, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L. A., Alpat B., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M. J., Bourquin M., Bueno E. F., Burger J., Burger W. J., Burmeister S., Cai X. D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y. H., Chen G. M., Chen G. R., Chen H. S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H. Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C. H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M. B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R. J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D. M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K. C., Hashmani R. K., He Z. H., Heber B., Hsieh T. H., Hu J. Y., Incagli M., Jang W. Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Khiali B., Kim G. N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H. T., Lee S. C., Li J. Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J. H., Li Z. H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C. H., Lippert T., Liu J. H., Liu Z., Lu S. Q., Lu Y. S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J. Z., Luo X., MacHate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V. V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H. D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z. Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rapin D., Conde A. R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A. S., Schwering G., Seo E. S., Shakfa Z., Shan B. S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J. W., Song X. J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z. T., Tacconi M., Tang X. W., Tang Z. C., Tian J., Ting S. C. C., Ting S. M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Tuysuz C., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J. P., Wang C. X., Wang L., Wang L. Q., Wang N. H., Wang Q. L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z. M., Wei J., Weng Z. L., Wu H., Xiong R. Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I. I., Yi H., Yu Y. M., Yu Z. Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F. Z., Zhang J. H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z. M., Zhuang H. L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., and Zuccon P.
Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101.
Published: 2021

50. A quantitative study on the effects of external geomagnetic fields by using the GeoMagSphere back-tracing code

Author: Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, La Vacca, G, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., La Vacca G., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., Tacconi M., Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, La Vacca, G, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, Tacconi, M, Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., La Vacca G., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., and Tacconi M.
Abstract: Evaluation of cosmic ray trajectories and penetration inside the Earth environment is mandatory for estimation of flux by on-orbit detectors as well as of radiation damage on electronics devices and biological tissues, like those of astronauts onboard the International Space Station. We studied the impact of the external magnetic field on the calculation of some parameters like the rigidity cut-off, by a quantitative comparison among several geomagnetic field models. For this purpose we used GeoMagSphere back-tracing code, performing the particle trajectory reconstruction back-in-time from the chosen position and time up to the borders of the magnetosphere. The analysis done points out the need to combine an external magnetic field model with the internal one (usually IGRF). Several external field models have a different impact on the accuracy as well as on the time needed for calculation, important in case of a large amount of back-traced particles. We also studied cosmic ray propagation inside the magnetosphere, separately for quiet and disturbed solar activity periods. We found that during highly disturbed periods and during magnetic storms, rigidity cut-off, as well as cosmic ray flux, can be appropriately evaluated only by using external field models, like that one proposed by Tsyganenko and Sitnov (2005), well describing those particular conditions.
Published: 2021

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