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Halimeda is a genus of calcified alga that inhabits tropical aquatic environments. The presences of Halimeda is essential for waters around mining sites, such as the waters of Maba District, wich is the center of mining in East Halmahera. As a calcareous organism, Halimeda functions as a buffer to neutralize the pH of waters. Although the presence of Halimeda in waters is not rare, studies on Halimeda taxonomy in Indonesia are very limited. Identification of Halimeda species can be done by looking at morphological and anatomical structures as an alternative based on the key to determining Halimeda species in the Indo-Pacific by Hillis & Collinvaux (1980), in addition to looking at DNA sequences. This study was aimed at identifying Halimeda species distributed in the waters of Maba District, East Halmahera based on morphological and anatomical characteristic. Besides, it also aims to determine the distribution and similarity of species between sampling locations. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method. Halimeda sample collection was prepared before identification. Eight species of Halimeda were found from four sampling sites, namely Halimeda cylindracea, H. distorta, H. macroloba, H. opuntia, H. simulans, H. discoidea, H. melanesica, and H. tuna. In additional to these eight species, seven unidentified Halimeda species were also found based on morphological and anatomical characteristc. Most similarity percentage of Halimeda species was found between Tanjung Buli-Monoropo at 75% and the lowest between Gee Island-Pakal Island (0%). The distribution of Halimeda species in waters in influenced by many factors, including substrate type, nutrients, light intensity, salinity, pH, temperature, depth, wave and current action.

One of the social phenomena that occurs among Muslims today is interfaith marriage, which raises various pros and cons. This fact and discourse is still being discussed, especially with the application to the Constitutional Court (MK) to conduct a judicial review of the marriage law. However, the Constitutional Court rejected the application, and various parties were not satisfied with this decision because whether an interfaith marriage is valid is the domain of each religion. Normatively, the narrative of interfaith marriage has been mentioned in the Quran in Surah al-Baqarah verse 221. In the case of Rizky Febian's marriage to Mahalini, who was originally Hindu and has become a muallaf. The theological basis is still strong as a consideration for a Muslim when deciding to get married. This study will explore the interpretation of Quranic verses related to interfaith marriage from various mufassirs, which are also related to the Indonesian marriage law. As a literary research, the data used are the Quran, books of commentaries, laws on marriage, and articles relevant to this research. The results show that the scholars' interpretation suggests that interfaith marriage is forbidden. Even in the perspective of the state, interfaith marriage is still prohibited. Even so, some opinions allow believing men to marry women of the People of the Book but forbid women of other religions. Pernikahan beda agama merupakan fenomena sosial yang banyak terjadi di kalangan umat Islam saat ini, dan mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Fakta dan wacana tersebut masih menjadi perdebatan, khususnya dengan adanya permohonan uji materiil undang-undang perkawinan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Namun Mahkamah Konstitusi menolak kasus tersebut dan banyak pihak yang tidak puas dengan putusan tersebut karena masing-masing agama menentukan boleh atau tidaknya pernikahan beda agama. Biasanya Al-Quran menyebutkan pernikahan beda agama dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 221. Dalam kasus pernikahan Rizki Febrian dengan Mahallini yang awalnya beragama Hindu dan kemudian menjadi muallaf, jelas bahwa pertimbangan teologis tetap penting bagi umat Islam dalam memilih untuk menikah. Kajian ini akan melihat bagaimana berbagai mufassir memahami teks-teks Alquran tentang pernikahan beda agama, yang juga relevan dengan hukum pernikahan di Indonesia. Sebagai penelitian kepustakaan, data yang digunakan adalah Alquran, tafsir, hukum perkawinan, dan artikel yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran para ulama menyatakan bahwa pernikahan beda agama dilarang. Dalam pandangan negara, pernikahan beda agama masih dilarang. Meskipun demikian, sebagian orang berpendapat bahwa laki-laki boleh menikahi wanita yang Ahli Kitab tetapi tidak boleh menikahi wanita yang beragama lain.

This research aims to increase the chemistry literation of students through the Integrated Problem Based Learning Model with Ethno Chemistry Sasambo in Analytical Chemistry lecture. The subject of this research is all 86 students who are taking the Chemistry Analytical lecture. Meanwhile, the object is chemistry literation in several aspects such as content, context, competition, and attitude and the response of students toward conducting an Integrated Problem-Based Learning model with local culture in the salt production process. The research methodology used in this research is action class research in three cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, observation, and evaluation-reflection. Results of this work gained are: (1) Increase in students' chemistry literation from mid to high category that can be seen as cycle 1 is 62.8 as enough category, cycle 2 is 70.7 as enough category, and cycle three is 76.7 as high category. (2) Students' response shows that 95% of them stated that they are very interested and wanted more and vary integrated of local culture.

PAUD Al Mizan berada di dalam perumahan Bumi Serang Damai, Banten telah berdiri sejak 2014 memiliki pendidik sejumlah 6 orang. Keterbatasan penghasilan dan awamnya pemahaman terkait konsep kewirausahaan sehingga bisa menambah penghasilan masih menjadi kendala yang harus diselesaikan. Tujuan kegiatan untuk menambah penghasilan dan menumbuhkan semangat kewirausahaan dengan memanfaatkan bahan loose parts sehingga menjadi barang ekonomis yang dijual di shoppe. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah pelatihan keriwausahaan dengan rangkaian kegiatan terbagi menjadi dua sesi yaitu sesi pertama adalah edukasi literasi keuangan memulai usaha dengan konteks kewirausahaan dan launching media sosial IG dan akun Shopee dengan nama MIZAN O-Shope. Sesi kedua adalah pelatihan membuat media pembelajaran ekonomis berbahan loose parts dan tutorial packing, pengiriman hingga pencairan melalui akun toko shopee MIZAN O-Shopee. Acara ini dihadiri perserta sejumlah 20 orang terdiri dari kepala Yayasan, pendidik hingga orang tua siswa. Berdasarkan dari angket hasil kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan diperoleh data bahwa sebanyak 86% peserta menyetujui bahwa acara ini bermanfaat dalam menambah wawasan dan bermanfaat dalam menambah penghasilan dengan meneruskan penjualan pada MIZAN O-Shop. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada program pemberdayaan Masyarakat non ekonomi di PAUD Al Mizan sudah terlaksana dengan sangat baik, Hal ini terbutti dengan hasil pengisian angket pada sesi satu dan dua yang direratakan dan salah satu produk media ekonomis di MIZAN O-Shop berhasil sold out dan masuk tahap restock.

Keterampilan dalam praktik Magang PPL yang diselenggarakan perguruan tinggi merupakan bagian esensial dalam pembentukan kompetensi mahasiswa sebagai calon pendidik. Keterampilan tersebut tidak hanya melibatkan pada kompetensi mengajar semata, tetapi juga berkompetensi dalam berkomunikasi, mengelola kelas, memecahkan masalah, pemanfaatan media (AI), merefleksi dan mengevaluasi, berkolaborasi, serta kreatif dan inovatif. Beberapa kompetensi tersebut akan sulit terwujud bagi seorang calon pendidik untuk bersaing dalam memeroleh lapangan kerja yang memadai jika jika tidak dibekali dengan seperangkat pengalaman dalam praktik mengajar. Esensi dari praktik Magang PPL memberikan pengalaman langsung yang sangat berharga dan memungkinkan mahasiswa sebagai calok pendidik untuk mengembangkan berbagai keterampilan, baik secara teoretis maupun praktis yang akan sangat berguna dalam pengembangan karier profesional mereka di bidang pendidikan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan dalam menguatkan keterampilan dalam praktik mengajar mahasiswa secara pedagogik dan profesional di lembaga atau satuan pendidikan guna memeroleh akses dalam mengembangkan, mengkreasikan, dan menginovatifkan kompetenisnya dengan beberapa pengalaman. Hasil observasi dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa mahaisswa magang PPL disabilitas mampu memenuhi indikator yang ditetapkan, yakni 93.66 melalui aspek penilaian: observasi, sikap, dan kedisiplinan melalui penguatan praktik magang PPL di SMA Negeri 6 Kota Makassar.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the assimilation of Islamic educational ideas in a contemporary setting, as well as to evaluate the approach that is taken and the challenges that are involved with this endeavor. The significance of having a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic principles might be implemented in educational settings is expanding in parallel with the process of globalization and the advent of technology. The research technique makes use of a qualitative approach, which includes conducting in-depth interviews and making observations of Islamic educational institutions as well as other important stakeholders. The examination sheds light on the successes and challenges that have been encountered in the process of introducing Islamic concepts into the modern curriculum, as well as the instructional methods that have been utilized and the challenges that have been faced while attempting to integrate these principles in surroundings that are culturally and technologically diverse. The outcomes of the research provide an essential understanding of the implementation of Islamic education within a contemporary framework. In respect to Islamic principles in the modern day, the purpose of this research is to investigate the potential impact that Islamic principles could have on the curriculum, learning practices, and the development of student character.

Organizational culture is understood as a shared perception adopted by members of an organization, namely a system of shared meaning. A developing organizational culture is critical to support their growth and development in early childhood education. This research aims to understand the role of inspirational school principals in shaping organizational culture and spiritual communication among students. The research was conducted at an early childhood education institution, RA Al-Azhar Pandean Paiton Probolinggo. The research design used was qualitative, with steps involving observation, requesting permission, collecting data from schools, and interviews. The primary data source is field research through interviews with school principals and teachers. Meanwhile, secondary data comes from literature relevant to the identified problems. Data collection methods include interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show inspirational school principals are essential in shaping organizational culture and spiritual communication. This is achieved through several steps, such as forming teamwork, routine spiritual activities, environmental participation, and program evaluation. Implementing this program implies that an organizational culture that is instilled from an early age can shape the character of students into good individuals with spiritual nuances.

Labor pain is a manifestation of the contraction (shortening) of the uterine muscles. Non-pharmacological treatment in pain management, namely deep breathing relaxation and counterpressure massage is an alternative method and a new trend that can be developed. This study investigated the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation and Counterpressure massage in alleviating labor pain during active phase I. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test post-test approach, 30 postpartum mothers from June to July 2021 were consecutively sampled. Deep breathing relaxation (5 times for 3-5 minutes) and counterpressure massage (3 times for 30-90 seconds) served as the independent variables, while pain intensity during the first active phase was the dependent variable. Utilizing the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests at a 5% significance level, significant reductions in pain intensity were observed after both interventions (p-values: 0.002 for deep breathing, 0.046 for counterpressure massage). These non-pharmacological methods, enhancing endorphin release, contribute to relaxation and pain intensity reduction during labor. The findings underscore the potential of integrating deep breathing relaxation and counterpressure massage as effective approaches in non-pharmacological labor pain management.

Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain ex Hook. f. synonym A. muelleri Blume is the main source of glucomannan that is used as a food additive and dietary supplement. The crop has become a favorite in several parts of Indonesia. The plant has been known to have several pests and diseases that can cause significant losses. This review aims to highlight the importance of pests and diseases of konjac and its control strategy. Several pests and diseases attacking the konjac plant have been identified, such as mealybug, scale insect, dry and soft root, collar rot, bacterial blight, leaf spot, and mosaic. The majority of them are seeds or soil born and could be carried from the field to storage. Understanding the causal agents and their ecology is critical in formulating integrated pest management (IPM). Cultivating healthy seeds and mixed cropping with nonhost food crops (maize and rice), or as a second crop under estates’ and industrial forests’ conditions, as well as biological control, are the most applicable IPM. No specific regulation has been formulated for minimizing pests and diseases of konjac; however, it could adopt general protocol from other crops, such as taro (Colocasia esculenta) in India.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pengawasan kepala sekolah dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Simpang Kanan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru-guru Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Simpang Kanan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir yang berjumlah 115 guru. Pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat lumunak SPSS versi 20. Teknik statistik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variable-variabel tersebut adalah teknik statistik korelasi product moment. Tehnik pengumpulan data untuk variabel kinerja guru dilakukan dengan dokumentasi, sedangkan untuk variabel pengawasan dan kompensasi melalui kuisioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan hasil dari Fhitung =19,091 > Ftabel = 3,08, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yang menjelaskan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengawasan kepala sekolah (X1) dan kompetensi (X2) secara bersamaan mempengaruhi kinerja guru (Y).Dengan demikian bahwa secara parsial pengawasan kepala sekolah kompensasi berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja guru dan secara simultan pengawasan kepala sekolah , kompensasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja guru.

Patient safety incidents can originate from patient identification errors. From the preliminary study, it was found that there were 3 cases of patient identification errors in the year 2022. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between nurses knowledge level and workload with patient identification implementation. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional research design. This research aims to analyze the relationship between variables where the independent variable and dependent variable are identified at one unit of time. In this case, to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and workload of nurses with the implementation of patient identification. The sample consisted of 93 individuals distributed across the inpatient wards. The research sample was selected used random sampling. The knowledge level and workload of nurses were independent variables, while the implementation of patient identification was the dependent variable. Data collected was used of a level of knowledge, workload, and application of identification questionnaire. Data analyzed used were with Chi-square test. The obtained p-value for the relationship between nurses knowledge level and the implementation of patient identification is p=0.018 (p0.05). This explains that there is no significant relationship between nurses workload and the implementation of patient identification. There is a significant relationship between nurses knowledge level and the implementation of patient identification. The majority of nurses demonstrated a good implementation of patient identification. It is recommended for the hospital management to make efforts to improve nurses knowledge, especially in the area of patient safety.

Critical thinking skills has to be sharpened particularly during the COVID19 pandemic. This circumstance leads to the lack of students passion to apply their thinking skills in doing something necessary. Therefore, it requires a learning improving critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the critical thinking skills of chemistry education students taking part in the lecture of Team Project Based STEM-metacognitive skills. The method utilized is a Pre-Experimental Design One-Shot Case Study consists of 130 chemistry education students taking part in 3rd and 5th semester. The 3rd semester students attend lectures on the development of chemistry learning programs (P3K) and the 5th semester students attend lectures on the basics of analytical chemistry (DDKA). The instruments utilized in this research are learning scenarios, worksheets, critical thinking test instruments, critical thinking skill assessment rubrics, and project implementation feasibility observation sheets. There are three critical thinking skills very well demonstrated by students in P3K and DDKA subjects, consist of (1) strategies and tactics, (2) providing simple explanations, and (3) providing further explanations. Two other skills, namely concluding and building basic skills shown by students in the good category. The results of this study contribute to chemistry learning in the future, thus efforts are inevitably required to train critical thinking skills for prospective chemistry teachers in order to produce teachers having good thinking skills.

Gagne suggests in his theory that cognitive learning outcomes are the result of this learning pattern, namely intelligence which includes oral and written skills, the ability or capacity of each individual, long-term planning that has goals, and motor skills. Learning theories are learning theories that we can take from anywhere that is owned by cognitive learning experts, namely the thoughts of experts, habits, empirical research and the theory of learning itself. Cognitive learning is learning that refers to activities or activities that include various activities related to the learning process and information development to increase the quality according to the capacity of students through this method can improve the learning process of students who focus on the process of cognitive learning models.

The Aceh peace achieved in 2005 has become an example for the international community in resolving conflicts using a dialogue approach. Of course, it cannot be separated from the role and ideas of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the president of the Republic of Indonesia at that time. This article aims to describe SBY's role and ideas in Aceh's conflict resolution context. The data in this study are sourced from relevant literature studies and analyzed with a qualitative approach. This study shows that several basic things are important points in the context of SBY's role and ideas in pursuing peace in Aceh. First, peace efforts are based on sincerity and political commitment to end the conflict. Second, the ability to see difficulties during a tsunami becomes an opportunity for peace. Third, the choice of a non-militaristic approach and relying on dialogue. Fourth, courage in taking risks and realizing measurable policies in pursuing peace in Aceh. Apart from that, the commitment to peace from the government and GAM is an important point in the realization of peace in Aceh because the commitment to peace by complying with the points of the agreement has been agreed upon and makes peace continue. Abstrak Perdamaian Aceh yang berhasil diraih pada tahun 2005 telah menjadi contoh bagi dunia internasional tentang bagaimana menyelesaikan konflik bersenjata dengan pendekatan dialog. Hal ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari peran dan gagasan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono yang kala itu menjadi presiden Republik Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan lebih lanjut tentang peran dan gagasan SBY dalam konteks resolusi konflik di Aceh Data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari kajian-kajian literatur yang relevan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa hal mendasar yang menjadi poin penting dalam konteks peran dan gagasan SBY dalam mengupayakan perdamaian Aceh. Pertama, upaya perdamaian yang di dasarkan pada kesungguhan dan komitmen politik untuk benar-benar mengakhiri konflik. Kedua, kemampuan dalam melihat kesulitan di tengah tsunami menjadi peluang untuk berdamai. Ketiga, pilihan pendekatan non militeristik dan bertumpu pada dialog. Keempat, keberanian dalam mengambil risiko dan realisasi kebijakan yang terukur dalam mengupayakan perdamaian di Aceh. Terlepas pada itu, komitmen perdamaian dari pemerintah dan GAM menjadi poin penting dari realisasi perdamaian Aceh, karena komitmen damai dengan cara mematuhi poin-poin perjanjian yang telah disepakati membuat perdamaian dapat terus bertahan.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Patients receiving antithrombotic agents are at higher risk for bleeding in this procedure. Regarding its thromboembolic versus bleeding risk, physicians should consider to adjust antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Some important factors including the urgency of the procedure, bleeding risk from the procedure and antithrombotic itself, and the risk of thromboembolic events during endoscopy if antithrombotic is to be stopped need to be considered wisely. Based on recommendations of ASGE, ESGE, and BSG, endoscopic procedures were divided based on the level of emergency, namely elective and urgent. In elective endoscopy with high risk of bleeding and thromboembolism, antithrombotic therapy is given in the minimum duration required and then discontinued before the procedure. In elective endoscopy with low risk of bleeding and thromboembolism, antithrombotic can be continued as usual. In urgent endoscopy due to gastrointestinal bleeding, all antithrombotic should be discontinued. Antithrombotic can be restarted within 48 hours after the procedure if no bleeding is evident

Students’ argumentation ability is necessary for education today, which emphasizes the student-centered learning process. One way to see students’ argumentation ability is by having a discussion. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the Toulmin argumentation process for students during focus group discussions (FGD). This research is qualitative. The data collection instrument used was an open-ended questionnaire assisted by Google Form that contained common problems of the distance learning process during a pandemic. The subjects of this study consisted of fifty students from the University of Mataram. The results showed that the argumentation process was divided into three categories. The first category was the one-sentence argument. There were 58 %, or 29 students, who belonged in this category. The second category was the two sentences argument. There are 30 %, or 15 students belonged in this category. Lastly, 12 % or six students belonged to the more than three sentence argument category. The results of this study indicated that many students could not provide complete arguments. Thus, the role of lecturers is significant to improve students’ ability in providing complete argumentations. Therefore, the researchers suggest that lecturers should apply learning models that invite students to argue and discuss.

COMMUNITY SERVICE INNOVATION OF THE SCHOOL MATHEMATICS HEALTH CENTER (PUSKESMAS) IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS BASED ON THE TOWN SQUARE. The purpose of this study was to develop an innovation in the school’s mathematics health center in mathematics learning through city square-based mathematics learning. Descriptive method is used with subjects in early childhood and elementary school students who are in the location of the school mathematics health center. The instrument used by the researcher itself, data collection techniques using structured interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used triangulation, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the media presented at the Puskesmas were all new and they had not yet gotten them in their respective schools. The attitude of students who become happy, like, cheerful in learning mathematics and easy to understand mathematical concepts, and bring out the creativity of early age and elementary school students in learning mathematics. Student concentration also increases because the learning model used uses an individual approach, so that they can focus more on seeing the student learning process. Parents who accompany their children generally feel happy because their children enjoy learning mathematics. Puskesmas activities have an impact on early age and elementary school students to be happy learning mathematics, like learning with mathematics media, cheerful in following math tutoring and enjoy learning mathematics. This program is also highly supported by parents because it is very helpful in the learning process of their children and eases the family’s economic burden in education.

The city of Tarakan, Indonesia, benefits economically from abundant marine biological resources, one of which is the layur fish, known commercially as ribbonfish. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth character of the layur fish (Lepturacanthus savala) obtained from the juata waters of Tarakan City. The method of this quantitative and descriptive study was to analyze the growth of layur fish Lepturacanthus savala in the Juata waters off the coast from the city of Tarakan. Body shape, length, weight, and ratio sex data were collected from sites selected by the purposive sampling method based on trawl fishing catch. Secondary data, collected from interviews of fishing personnel, included the number of catches using trawling gear and trawl fishing location. The length ranges of male from 20,4 to 54,0 cm with an average length of 37,2±16.8 cm (n = 255) and the length ranges of female from 20,5 to 68 cm with an average length of 44,25±23.75 cm (n = 275). The results showed that maximum length of male layur fish was smaller than the maximum length of female fish, which were 59.352 cm at 267 d and 72.638 cm at 315 d, respectively. The result shows a negative allometric growth pattern male and female layur fish was found to be the same and sex ratio of male to female has a ratio of 1,0: 1,8 with a percentage of males at 48.11% and females at 51.89%. The majority of male and female fish exhibited a thin body shape (51,4% of male and 52% of female).

The use of multiprocessor methods in robotics systems has a significant impact on overall robot performance. The Master-slave method is a model of a multiprocessor system where there are several processors that communicate with each other to carry out the robot's overall function. RS-485 can be used as a communication model in the master-slave method. RS-485 is a development of RS-232 which has the ability to communicate with several nodes. In this research, an experiment will be conducted to implement RS-485 to support the master-slave processor communication. Stages of research began with making system design, which includes the design of embedded hardware systems, the design of data communication protocols on RS-485 networks, software design, followed by implementation and testing. The test is carried out to measure the time response of the device to three data transmission models, namely broadcast, addressing slaves without responding and addressing slaves with responses. The test results carried out on three slaves with a communication speed of 9600 bps. Measured response time on broadcast data transmission is 8ms, and address slave without response is 7ms. Whereas delivery by addressing slaves with responses, shows that the measurement method cannot be applied.

Hospital X in the South Tangerang serves BPJS outpatients, every month sending claims for outpatient services to BPJS Health, but not all submitted claims are processed by BPJS Health. There are a number of claims that are returned because they are not in accordance with the provisions for submitting claims. This study aims to overview the causes of claims returns and follow-up the returned claims of Hospital X. The method used in this study is a quantitative description where the documents studied are claim documents returned by BPJS Health to Hospital X in the period of September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 3795 claim documents were returned; there were 3194 claims returned due to repeated control indicated factors, while the rest were due to physiotherapy service indication factors more than 8 times per month, errors in determining the procedure code, incomplete supporting files and other reasons. After hospital X corrected the returned claims, there were 974 claims that could not be resubmitted, so these claims were considered as a cost to Hospital X. The cause of the claim not being resubmitted was because the patient eligibility letter was printed more than once. This article offers suggestions to minimize patient visits in the near future and to follow the latest policy developments from BPJS Health regarding outpatient claims.

Preliminary observations made at SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency, there was a phenomenon that some teachers did not know about environmentally sound schools, lack of knowledge of teachers and other school members regarding adiwiyata school policies, lack of implementation of adiwiyata schools, and so on. Based on the problems mentioned above, this school action research was carried out to increase teacher knowledge about Adiwiyata school and to find out the weaknesses and strengths of the implementation of demonstration methods to increase teacher knowledge in SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency. This research was designed in the form of a School Action Research which was planned to be carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were the teachers at the SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency, totalling 9 teachers. Based on the results of research conducted, Cycle I, no teacher has a percentage in the very good category while in the second cycle the percentage of teachers in the very good category is 33.3%. Good category, in the first cycle 44.4% increased to 55.5%, in the sufficient category, the first cycle gained a percentage of 33.3% and decreased to 11.2% in the second cycle. Whereas in the lack category, cycle I gained a percentage of 22.3% and in cycle II the percentage of teachers who were in the inadequate category was gone. Thus it can be concluded that the implementation of the demonstration method can increase teacher knowledge of adiwiyata schools in SD Negeri 13 Kerinci Kanan Siak Regency.

Penelitian pengaruh modul pembelajaran terhadap Nilai hasil belajar mahasiswa pada matakuliah kecerdasan buatan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui pengaruh modul pembelajaran terhadap nilai hasil belajar mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan Research and Development. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kelayakan modul pembelajaran matakuliah kecerdasan buatan dapat ditinjau dari dua aspek yaitu aspek kualitas modul pembelajaran dan kualitas materi. Dari segi kualitas modul pembelajaran mendapatkan persentase sebesar 72,5% atau dengan kategori Layak sedangkan dari aspek kualitas materi berada pada persentase 62,5% atau dengan kategori Sangat Layak. Sehingga modul pembelajaran matakuliah kecerdasan buatan layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Sedangkan pada hasil ujicoba pretest dan posttest yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa diperoleh bahwa dengan penerapan modul pembelajaran matakuliah kecerdasan buatan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa sebesar 82,5%.

Aspects of local culture in learning mathematics in primary school teacher education are still not optimally presented in learning. One way to realize this learning is by learning Sundanese ethnomathematics. The mathematical modeling is very supportive ability in the learning process. The process of mathematical modeling can develop creative intelligence. This article uses the Didactical Design Research method to further optimize the quality of teaching materials. The number of research subjects was 180 of first semester student. The teaching material was tested for success by an experimental method through a test instrument that measured mathematical modeling abilities and creative intelligence. Research results in mathematical modeling ability among students who get mathematics learning using Sundanese ethnomathematics learning is significantly better than students who use conventional learning. There is no interaction between learning models used with educational background groups on mathematical modeling abilities. There is no interaction for creative intelligence. Sundanese ethnomathematics learning with didactic design material can be used as a model of mathematics learning to develop the abilities and dispositions of mathematical creative thinking abilities and dispositions in the elementary school teacher education environment.

This research analyzed syntactic patterns and differences of syntactic patterns of some verses (ayah) in the English translation of verses of Al-Qur’an related to skills in language, which have 38 ayah, using tree diagrams theory to be able drawing and seeing hierarchical syntax structure of the verses. The researcher used the English translation of the verses by Sahih International and Abdullah Yusuf. Researcher finally found forty syntactic patterns in the translations of verses of Al-Qur’an related to skills in language as follows: there are five syntactic patterns of sentence, nine syntactic pattern of noun phrase, thirteen syntactic patterns of verb phrase, one syntactic pattern of adjective phrase, five syntactic patterns of preposition phrase, and seven syntactic patterns of complement phrase. Furthermore, the researcher found eleven differences of syntactic patters from the thirty-eight verses of Al-Qur’an related to skills in language translated by Sahih International and Abdullah Yusuf Ali. They are; the strategy of the translation, the forms of sentences, the forms of phrase, the forms of word classes, the forms of tense, the styles of grammar, the positions of the phrases, the selections of words, the additions of phrase, the additions of word classes, and the number of word classes.

The emergence of Corona Virus Diseases-19 outbreaks encourages the importance of educating and raising awareness about the importance of a clean and healthy lifestyle. In addition, the community needs to know with certainty the transmission and prevention of Covid-19 so that it does not become an epidemic in Jelantik Village, Central Lombok Regency. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide a scientific picture and be easily understood by the community at the level of the Hamlet and Jonggat Village to anticipate the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The activity stage was designed for 2 days, which was preceded by coordination and communication with the Jonggat village. Preparation intended is the determination of the direction and target of activities, activity models, follow-up activities and locations of activity concentration. The results of this activity are very much in line with what was expected, namely the activities carried out by the people who were present actively asking about the material provided. This shows that their great curiosity and high attention of participants to increase their knowledge about how to prevent and deal with Covid-19 and how to maintain good personal and environmental health

Hadirnya undang-undang nomor 23 Tahun 2011 tentang zakat, menjadikan zakat di Indonesia semakin berkembang secara baik. Telah hadir banyak lembaga yang fokus dan konsen dalam mengolah zakat, baik kegiatan penghimpunan dan pendistribusian zakat dengan profesional. Zakat memberi peran penting dalam mengembangkan kegiatan sosial kepada masyarakat. Zakat merupakan pemenuhan kewajiban bagi ummat muslim, serta memiliki potensi yang cukup besar yang harus dikelolah secara maksimal. Pemerintah juga memberikan perhatian terhadap keberadaan zakat, agar dapat terus dikembangkan karena memberi kontribusi kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan tema Sosialisasi Zakat yang dilaksanakan oleh program studi perbankan syariah fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar di Desa Bontokadatto Kecamatan Polongbangkeng Kabupaten Takalar. Sebelumnya dilakukan kegiatan observasi untuk meninjau lokasi kegiatan sosialisasi dan mengajukan untuk izin pelaksanaan kegiatan. Pada saat kegiatan dilaksanakan menggunakan metode ceramah, dengan pemaparan dari pihak Lembaga Amil Zakat yaitu Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia (IZI) Wilayah Makassar. Pemateri mnguraikan tentang zakat, peran dan fungsi zakat, serta pola penghimpunan dana dan penyaluran zakat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu warga desa Bontokadatto yang mengahdiri sosialisasi ini meperoleh pengetahuan tentang zakat, dasar-dasar zakat, jenis-jenis zakat, penghimpunan zakat, serta menyaksikan dokumentasi bentuk pendistribusian zakat yang telah dilakukan oleh IZI Kota Makassar. Kata Kunci : Sosialisasi Zakat, Kelurahan Bontokadatto

Penelitian Simuasi Fuzzy Logic dalam Menentukan Nilai Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan metode fuzzy Logic. Metode fuzzy logic yang digunakan yaitu model mamdani dengan tipe MISO (Multi Input single Output). Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan software Matlab dengan toolbox fuzzy. Dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 input yaitu kriteria –kriteria penilaian yang terdiri dari kehadiran, tugas, UTS, dan UAS. Adapun untuk variabel output adalah nilai hasil belajar mahasiswa. Tahapan pada metode fuzzy logic terdiri dari penentuan variabel sistem, Strategi Fuzzyfikasi, Strategi inferensi, Strategi Defuzzifikasi, dan menampilkan surface viewer. Hasil penelitian ini adaah suatu Aplikasi yang diharapkan mampu membantu dosen dalam melakukan penilaian terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada universitas cokroaminoto palopo.

Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) of Indonesia 2015 categorized the vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity based on nine indicators covering food availability, food access and food utilization. According to the assessment, 14 districts in priority 1 (severely vulnerable to food insecurity) were all in Papua. Responding to the problems of food insecurity, a multi-year program focusing on two regencies, i.e., Manokwari and Merauke, was conducted from August 2015. The program was developed in cooperation with the Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT), Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta and district governments. This research aimed to examine the problems causing food insecurity and to develop integrative and collaborative macro-scale policy recommendations. The study used a qualitative descriptive method and a pilot project approach to address food insecurity problems in both regencies. It found five main issues related to food insecurity in Papua: the prevalence of stunting among children under five, the ratio of per capita normative consumption towards net cereal production, the population living below poverty line, households without access to clean water, and low-income families. The problems could be overcome by concerning the ratio of normative consumption per capita and the preservation of local food, and local crops should be grown especially tubers. Regarding the problems associated with low-income families, a program that should be implemented is the welfare improvement of the rural low-income families through the optimization of land resources in the integrated and intensive ways in response to many land resources still underutilized. Moreover, water treatment should be encouraged further to tackle clean water issues.

Ujian merupakan salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berguna untuk mengevaluasi proses pembelajaran dan mengukur taraf pencapaian suatu tujuan pengajaran. Universitas Lancang Kuning (UNILAK) Pekanbaru menggunakan CBT (Computer Based Test) dalam penerimaan mahasiswa baru. Dalam proses pelaksanaan ujian diperlukan sebuah algoritma yang memiliki metode yang menghasilkan permutasi acak sehingga dapat mengurangi kecurangan yang dilakukan oleh peserta ujian CBT. Algoritma Fisher-Yates Shuffle adalah sebuah algoritma yang menghasilkan permutasi acak dari suatu himpunan terhingga, dengan kata lain untuk mengacak suatu himpunan tersebut. Jika di implementasikan dengan benar maka hasil dari algoritma ini tidak akan berat sebelah sehingga setiap permutasi memiliki kemungkinan yang sama. Proses yang dilakukan algoritma adalah memasukkan atribut soal kedalam scratch (daftar soal yang belum terpilih), lalu membuat range (jumlah soal yang belum terpilih) kemudian dilakukan proses pengacakan, selanjutnya membentuk roll (untuk sebuah soal yang terpilih dari semua jumlah soal yang ada) kemudian hasil soal yang sudah terpilih dimasukkan kedalam result (hasil dari seluruh soal yang telah dilakukan pengacakan). Dari proses algoritma yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil perubahan posisi atau urutan soal sehingga didapatkan bahwa setiap peserta ujian yang melakukan ujian pada saat waktu yang bersamaan mendapatkan bentuk soal yang berbeda.

ABSTRACT Integrated farm is a model for the management of local resources’ potential by integrating livestock and crops into eco-friendly farming (zero waste). It can be the answer for the country’s basic needs of food that is still dependent on imports. Most of the habitants of Argorejo and Argosari village work as farmers and ranchers. Although the formal education of rural people is still low due to low income, the average member of activities to get information, knowledge and management skills in agribusiness sectors to understand the practical, economical, and effective ways in business development. It facilitates adoption of innovation and the process of information absorption. Adoption of innovation is a process of mental or behavioral changes in the form of knowledge (cognitive), attitudes (affective), and skills (psychomotor) since one recognizes the innovation until one decides to adopt it after receiving it. This is qualitative research, with research material in the form of members of agribusiness activities in the intervention program called Mandiri Bersama Mandiri. The method used is descriptive analysis. The data is collected by interview, observation, and records related to the activities of the group. The result of Classification Analysis with Adopter type shows that 7 of the 8 groups in the facilitation of innovation adoption of integrated farms have: 6.7% to 14.3% innovator; 8.3% to 18.2% early adopter; and the rest is 71.4% to 77.8% early majority. One group has no innovator and up to 50% early adopter. The innovators of Mandiri Bersama Mandiri program include the most influential people that have important positions, such as group leaders, village officials, or persons who have knowledge. It indicates that the potential success of the intervention program is located on the adopter type that exists in each member, absorption of new innovations adoption, and succeed in the community empowerment program.

This study aims to meet the theoretical needs in answering the problem of the role of the marketing function on the dynamic capability that involves the role of multi actors through engagement. In particular, the study discusses the capabilities of SMEs’ business strategy in the offline to online market. The population of this research are owners, managers, and owners and managers of SMEs in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the supply chain into engagement can address the problem of the role of the marketing function that connects marketing and operations. Supply chain engagement is also able to moderate employee engagement to dynamic marketing engagement but not significantly moderate customer engagement. Meanwhile, the basis of integration as a dynamic capability in market knowledge has a significant effect on the multi-actor engagement consisting of customer engagement, employee engagement, and supply chain engagement. Summary statement of contribution: Our research builds on the three elements of multi-actor engagement that are significant against dynamic marketing engagement. The main finding of this research is that the concept of novelty can answer the proposition with the result that dynamic marketing engagement can improve business performance.

The purpose of this study is to develop preliminary reading and writing teaching media for the first (1st) grade elementary school students. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R & D) approach. The results of the study were obtained from the first level of reading and writing teaching media, level 2 and level 3. The results of learning media have undergone various validation tests and shown learning effectiveness. Content validation test results obtained mean rating 4.18, which means the media content is very valid. Language validation test results obtained 4.24 which means that the language of learning media is very good. Design validation results obtained 4.34, which means the teaching media design is very good. The effectiveness data shown that preliminary reading and writing teaching media has mean of 40.75 at 3≤ R˂4, which means that the preliminary reading and writing teaching media categorized as very effective in facilitating students to learn how to read and how to write at the beginning.

Pada penelitian ini, akan diterapkan konsep fuzzy logic sebagai kendali cerdas pada robot line follower. Aturan pada fuzzy logic menggunakan metode mamdani. Sebagai input kendali digunakan 2 nilai hasil pembacaan sensor garis yang merupakan data biner 6-bit, yaitu pembacaan pada saat sampling ke-(k) dan pembacaan pada saat sampling ke-(k-1). Hasil pembacaan sensor diberi bobot dengan range nilai dari 0 s/d 255 yang merupakan semesta pembicaraan dari fuzzy set input ini. Setiap fuzzy set input menggunakan 5 membershif function, dan rule base yang digunakan sebanyak 25. Pada fuzzy set output digunakan 5 membership function dengan semesta pembicaraan adalah -127 s/d +127. output fuzzy merupakan bilangan crips tunggal yang didapat dengan menggunakan metode COG (Center of Gravity). Nilai crips output ini digunakan sebagai nilai deviasi untuk mengatur nilai PWM pada motor penggerak roda kiri dan kanan dari robot line follower. Pengujian fungsi kendali menggunakan metode matematis dan simulasi berbasis Simulink. Dari hasil yang didapat menjelaskan bahwa robot dapat bergerak sesuai dengan desain rule base yang digunakan. Abstract In this research, the fuzzy logic concept will be applied as intelligent control on line-follower robot. The rules on fuzzy logic use the Mamdani method. As control inputs, used 2 values of line sensor readings are in the form of 6-bit binary data. the input is the sensor reading at the time of the kth sampling and the reading at the k-sampling moment. The sensor readings are weighted with a range of values from 0 s / d 255 which is the universe of speech from the fuzzy set of these inputs. Each fuzzy set of inputs uses 5 membership function, and the base rule used is 25. In fuzzy set output used 5 membership functions with the universe of talk is -127 s / d +127. the fuzzy output is a single crips number obtained by using the COG (Center of Gravity) method. This output crips value is used as the deviation value to set the PWM value on the left and right wheel drive motor of the line follower robot. Tests of control functions using mathematical methods and Simulink based simulations. From the results obtained to explain that the robot can move in accordance with the design of the base rule used

The successful development of agriculture depends on the success in optimizing the utilization of natural resources owned. Potential sources of forage availability based on land resources is possible in each area there will be a difference, this difference is very important to be in the know as it will determine the further development model farm. From the results of the identification of problems in dryland farm development include (1) The availability of food in the dry season is very less; (2) Distance birth (calving interval) long; (3) low soil fertility and limited manpower. Fermented corn husk and rice straw fermentation can increase the protein content and improve digestibility. Provision of forage with corn planting pattern thinning meeting four times to get forage 22.5 tonnes / ha and corn dry as much as 4.2 tons / ha. Improvements pattern plants can guarantee the availability of forage throughout the year. Hermada grass planting in dry soil can produce forage 35.56 tonnes / ha or can accommodate 3.3 livestock units / year. Increased production of rice straw IP 300 and IP 400 can increase the production of rice straw up to 30%. Feed quality improvements at the farm level by fermenting corn husks with curing for 14 days plus 2% urea may contain crude protein ranged from 4.8% to 8.4%. Fermented rice straw by addition of 1 kg of probiotics and 2 kg of urea to 500 kg of dry rice straw can produce quality hay-scented and soft textured.

The application of intensive keramba in rivers could affect the presence of parasite organisms throughout the river downstream. The aims of this research are to find out the diversity of parasite species and the effect of intensive aquaculture method developed by the community on the presence of various parasitic organisms, particularly in the downstream area. A total of 65 Tilapia fish samples (O. niloticus) that was collected from 3 areas ( 15 samples from upstream, 25 samples in keramba and 25 samples from downstream areas) have been examined in the laboratory of Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Mataram. Methods employed to identify parasites that infected fish samples are native method and flotation method. This research has identified 7 species of parasites which were divided into 2 groups: ectoparasites (Trichodina sp., Amylodinium sp., Oogonium sp., Dactylogirus sp., Trematode) and endoparasites (Entamoeba sp. dan Camallanus sp.). Diversity index calculation indicated that parasite organisms in upstream area were lower in number than that in the downstream and intensive karamba area (H’= (0,825; 1,596 dan 1.324 respectively). These data has showed there was a difference in species diversity and evenness index of parasite organisms in the upstream, downstream and intensive keramba area. In conclusion, there was significant influence of the application of intensive keramba on the appearance of various parasite organisms that could affect the sustainability of fish aquaculture.

Education institution may not be separated by social system. It can be formal and informal education. A formal education institution such as school, Islamic school or Islamic boarding school is in social environment and bringing a basic value and law from its institution. Meanwhile, Islamic education institution is believed as tool to reach the aim of education. The aim of education is hard to reach if there is no leadership in it. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved

The aim of this research was to identify the species of migratory birds in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno and their specific characteristics of habitat. Data collection for birds, mangrove and fish species has been carried out in September and October 2013. In this study, a Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Importance Value Index (IVI) of mangrove vegetation were calculated to identify carrying capacity of mangrove population in the form of specific habitat in salt water lake of Gili Meno. This research has identified 17 species of birds which are divided into 5 families: Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Ardeidae, Meropidae and Alcedinidae. Moreover, 3 species of mangrove were discovered that are A. marina, A. lanata and E. Agallocha, as well as one species of fish (Mujair fish/O. mossambicus). N. Nycticorax and B. Striatus were well-known to have higher population than other bird species. The Diversity Index showed that mangrove vegetation in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has a low species diversity (0.565). This is due to higher dominance of one species than the others. What is more, the IVI of A. marina demonstrated a fairly significant value compared to that of other species (189,01). Mangrove vegetation which surrounds the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has formed a unique habitat and and an ideal stopover site for migratory birds. The ecosystem not only provides shelters from predators but also supplies for various abundant feeding sources. The lake it self is rather shallow and muddy around the shore which gives advantages for the migratory birds to obtain plenty small fish from the lake.

Konsep blue carbon yang diperkenalkan oleh UNEP, FAO dan UNESCO pada tahun 2009 memasukkan padang lamun sebagai salah satu ekosistem yang mempunyai peran dalam penyerapan karbon global. Karbon yang diserap disimpan dan dialirkan dalam beberapa kompartemen, antara lain di sedimen, herbivora, kolom air, ekosistem lain dan dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar, untuk melihat potensi stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam biomassa lamun. Kepadatan lamun diukur dengan melakukan sampling menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dengan ukuran 50cm x 50cm. Sedangkan untuk biomassa dilakukan dengan transek 20cm x 20cm. Hubungan antara kepadatan, biomassa dan kandungan karbon dari lamun digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah stok karbon. Kepadatan lamun disurvei pada 236 titik, sedangkan untuk pengambilan sampel biomassa dilakukan pada 30 titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas lamun mempunyai total stok karbon sebesar 73,86 ton dari total luas padang lamun 64,3 ha. Karbon di bawah substrat sebesar 56,55 ton (76,3%), lebih tinggi dibanding karbon di atas substrat yang hanya 17,57 ton (23,7%). Jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides menyumbang lebih dari 70% terhadap total stok karbon. Berdasarkan kelas karbon, kontribusi terbesar ditemukan pada kelas 100-200 gC.m-2 sebesar 29,41 ton (39,7%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sangat penting dalam menjaga stok karbon di laut sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian untuk konservasinya. Kata kunci: konsep blue karbon, lamun, Barranglompo Blue carbon concept as introduced by UNEP, FAO and UNESCO in 2009 included seagrass beds as one ecosystem having a significant role in global carbon absorption. Absorbed carbon was stored and distributed in various compartments such as in sediments, herbivores, water column, other ecosystems and in form of biomass. The research was conducted in Barranglompo Island, Makassar City to analyze the potency of carbon stock that stored within seagrass biomass. Seagrass density was sampled using quadrat transect method with size of 50cm x 50cm. While for biomass was done by harvesting seagrass at transect of 20cm x 20cm in root penetration depth. Relationship between density, biomass and carbon content of seagrass were used to determine total carbon stock. Seagrass density was surveyed at 236 points, while for biomass sampling was conducted in 30 points. The results showed that seagrass community had total carbon stocks as much as 73.86 tonnes from overall 64.3 ha of seagrass bed areas. Below ground carbon had 56.55 tonnes (76.3%), higher compared to that aboveground which only 17.57 tonnes (23.7%). Seagrass species Enhalus acoroides contributed more than 70% to the total carbon stocks, whereas, based on the carbon classes, the highest contribution was found at class 100-200 gC.m-2 i.e. 29.41 tonnes (39.7%). These results suggest that seagrass ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining the carbon stock in the ocean and should receive good attention for its conservation. Keywords: blue carbon concept, seagrass, Barranglompo

This article analyzes elementary school students' didactical situation in traditional games through ethnomathematics learning. The conventional game studied was "Endog-Endogan" or egg games from the Sundanese culture, West Java, Indonesia. This qualitative and quantitative study applied the design of the didactic learning stage. The quantitative study employed the Rasch Winstep Model to survey 56 elementary school students from grades 2 to 6 as respondents in implementing "Endog-Endogan" games in mathematics learning. The instruments used in this stage were the worksheet, documentation, and observation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting and describing the data of students' responses in Student Worksheets to obtain the data on findings of student learning obstacles. Then the data from the questionnaire were analyzed using a rash model: person and item reliability, unidimensional, and summary of items. The study results showed that the didactic design process in ethnomathematics learning teaching materials could be optimum with "Endog-Endogan" games because almost all teacher predictions were equal to elementary school students' responses. Besides, traditional games can be used as a solution to make learning mathematics easy and flexible with the mathematical concepts taught.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan petani kemiri berubah menjadi petani kakao dilihat dari 1). Pengalaman dan pendidikan, 2). Modal, 3). Harga, 4). Pendapatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kubu Kecamatan Lawe Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani kemiri yang berubah menjadi petani kakao dengan jumlah 100 Kepala Keluarga dan sampel yang diambil 50 % yaitu sebanyak 50 kepala keluarga yang diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah komunikasi langsung dan alat pengumpul data adalah dengan menggunakan angket. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa data diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah : (1). Pengalaman yang dimiliki petani kakao sudah cukup baik artinya pengetahuan petani kakao dalam mengolah lahan tanaman kakao mulai dari pembibitan sampai awal panen. (2). Modal yang dibutuhkan petani kakao lebih banyak daripada petani kemiri yaitu sebesar Rp. 600.000 – Rp. 2.600.000, sedangkan modal petani kemiri sebesar Rp. 35.000 – Rp. 96.700. (3). Faktor yang paling dominan yang menyebabkan petani kemiri berubah menjadi petani kakao adalah harga kakao lebih menguntungkan. (4). Pendapatan petani kakao lebih tinggi daripada petani kemiri. Pendapatan petani kakao sebesar Rp. 600.000 – Rp. 1.520.000/bulan. Sedangkan pendapatan petani kemiri sebesar Rp. 180.000 – Rp. 236.700/bulan