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Waste management is the protection of the environment and the health of the population. Paper waste sludge is produced during paper production and sepiolite is a natural clay mineral. The aim of the study was to investigate the usability of sepiolite-added paper waste sludge as a bedding material in the broiler production. Two hundred eighty-eight 1-day old male broiler chicks were divided into the 6 bedding material groups (wood shavings (control), paper waste sludge, sepiolite, mix of 25% paper waste sludge and 75% sepiolite, mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite, and mix of 75% paper waste sludge and 25% sepiolite) with 6 replicate pens per group. Litter quality, performance, and some welfare parameters of broilers were assessed during the 6 weeks’ period. Body weight at 42 days of age and body weight gain from 0 to 42 days of broilers reared on the wood shavings and mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite were found higher than those of the sepiolite and paper waste sludge groups. Feed consumption and feed to gain ratio from 0 to 42 days, yields of carcass and carcass parts, percentages of organs and abdominal fat, IgG, percentage of bursa Fabricius, burns of foot pad and breast, litter pH and meat properties of broilers reared on the wood shavings, paper waste sludge, and sepiolite litter groups were not found to be statistically different. Litter moisture was found higher in the paper waste sludge group than that in the sepiolite group at the 42 days of rearing. As a conclusion, usage of mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite as a litter does not have any negative effects on performance, welfare, and litter quality. This result is important in terms of utilizing a waste product.

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of red ginseng root powder on performance, immune system, caecal microbial population and some blood parameters in broilers. A total of 224 daily Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into one control group and three experimental groups each containing 56 chicks. Red ginseng root powder was added to the diets of groups at the level of 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental period was 38 days. There were no differences in growth performance. Addition of 225 mg/kg of the red ginseng root powder increased the relative weight percentages of spleen and gizzard (P

The aim of the present study was to investigate the usage of thyme leaves and its effects on performance, some egg quality traits and humoral immunity in laying hens. A total of 108 laying hens aged 36 weeks were randomly assigned to three dietary groups for 16 weeks. Dried and ground (Thymus vulgaris L.) thyme leaves were used at the level of 0, 1 and 2% in the diets of groups. Feed intake, body weight, egg production, egg weight and egg quality characteristics were not affected by dietary thyme supplementation. Thyme supplementation at 2% resulted in beneficial effects in laying hens due to the lowering of yolk cholesterol and total saturated fatty acids concentration while increasing omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the yolk malondialdehyde, blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels were reduced and antibody titers against SRBC were increased with 2% thyme supplementation. In conclusion, the results showed the antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects of thyme supplementation in laying hens along with improved humoral immune response without any negative effects on performance and egg quality characteristics.

This study aimed to determine the effects of the breeder age on the egg yield and egg quality traits of Landes geese in the first egg production cycle. One hundred ninety-four Landes geese aged 48 weeks were kept in the yard area throughout the egg production period. Egg number, egg weight, egg mass production, and goose-day egg production were significantly affected by the breeder age (p 0.001). Breeder age affected the albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, albumen pH, yolk pH, and yolk color values. The albumen index, yolk index, and yolk color values were significantly higher at 55 weeks of age compared to the other breeder ages (62 and 64 weeks of age) (p 0.05; p 0.001). The shape index, albumen ratio, and yolk ratio were not significantly affected by the breeder age. There was a decrease in the shell thickness, albumen index, and yolk index as the egg production period progressed. Since the shell thickness, albumen index, and yolk index decreased with age, it is concluded that the egg quality of Landes geese may deteriorate with age.

This study was proposed to examine the effects of pine needles powder (Pinus brutia) supplementation on growth performance, breast meat composition, and antioxidant status in broilers fed linseed oil-based diets. For this purpose, a total of 210, Ross-308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to 5 experimental groups each containing 42 birds. Broilers were fed a linseed oil-based basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.25% (P1), 0.50% (P2), 0.75% (P3), and 1% (P4) pine needles powder. During the 42-D feeding period, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups for body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio; however, carcass yield was increased linearly with pine needles powder supplementation. No marked changes in the breast meat chemical composition were observed among experimental groups. Supplemental pine needles powder linearly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration in breast meat and liver tissues; however, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of breast meat samples remained unaffected. No significant variation was observed among experimental groups for superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in blood erythrocyte lysates, but blood serum total oxidation status tended to decrease with pine needles powder supplementation. In conclusion, results suggested that pine needles powder supplementation to broiler diets could be a viable option to improve the animal antioxidant status and meat oxidative stability; however, supplementation of Pinus brutia needles powder up to 1% into broiler diets was not sufficient to efficiently curb the fat-induced oxidation in meat. Further investigation is needed to determine the full antioxidant potential of pine needles powder supplementation in poultry by comparing different pine species, evaluating the bioavailability of their active compounds and determining most effective dietary concentration for broiler meat production without any adverse effects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate some pelleting characteristics of beef cattle concentrate with added sepiolite and potassium humate alone or combined. For this purpose, one control group (basal concentrate) with no additive and five treatment groups with 1% sepiolite (S), 0.25% potassium humate (H-25), 0.50% potassium humate (H-50), 1% sepiolite + 0.25% potassium humate (SH-25) and 1% sepiolite + 0.50% potassium humate (SH-50) added as top-dressed into mixer were used. For each experimental group, a total of 36 tons of pellet concentrates were produced in six batches with 6 tons per batch. The basal pelleted concentrate included 90.29% dry matter, 14.51% crude protein, 11.76% crude fibre and 3.14% ether extract. Results showed that adding sepiolite up to 1% in beef cattle concentrate as top-dressed in mixer reduced moisture losses and improved the durability of pelleted feed. Sepiolite addition also lowered pellet water activity during storage. Adding potassium humate alone up to 0.50% was not enough to improve the pellet quality in terms of durability or water activity. Potassium humate supplementation alone or with sepiolite presented with lower moisture losses than control, and it was more evident during storage. In conclusion, the use of sepiolite in beef cattle concentrates as pellet binder seemed to be providing more durable feed pellets with lower water activity. Promising results were obtained from both the supplements in limiting the moisture losses post- pelleting and storage. Regarding the role of potassium humate as pellet binder in animal feed industry further research is needed.

The aim of the study was to explain the effects of betaine and sepiolite in diets on performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and some intestinal health parameters in broilers. A total of 192 daily Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into one control group and three experiment groups each containing 48 chicks. Betaine and sepiolite was added as top dressed to the diets of experimental groups at the level of 0.15% betaine (1st group), 1.5% sepiolite (2nd group) and 0.15% betaine + 1.5% sepiolite (3rd group). Sepiolite and betaine were not added to the diet of control group. The experimental period was 6 weeks. No differences were observed in body weight, overall body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and the relative weights of gizzard, heart, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius among groups. The relative weight of abdominal fat decreased with betaine usage. Supplemental betaine increased relative percentage of kidney weight. Dietary supplementation of betaine with sepiolite had some positive effects on intestinal histomorphology characteristics. The level of serum triglyceride was reduced with 0.15% betaine inclusion in the diet. Albumin, cholesterol, protein, uric acid, AST, ALP and ALT levels of blood serum were not affected by betaine with and without sepiolite supplement. Blood serum IgG level was increased by dietary supplementation of betaine with and without sepiolite. It is concluded that the dietary usage of betaine with sepiolite in broilers can be useful in the field due to having some improvements in intestinal histomorphology and immunity.

This study evaluated the effects of a graded concentration of dietary calcium soaps of tallow (CST) supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, abdominal fat fatty acid profile, bone biomechanical properties, and bone mineral composition. One hundred and forty 11-d-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 5 replicate pens containing 7 birds per each. The birds received cornsoybean meal based diet and CST (CST0, CST10, CST20, and CST30, respectively) was included in the grower (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) and finisher (0, 15, 30, and 45 g/kg) diet at the expense of vegetable acid oil and limestone. Dietary supplementations had no significant effect on BWG and FI during the entire experimental period. However, FCR was improved in CST0 and CST10 groups in comparison to those of the CST20 group from d 11 to d 42. According to the present study result, dietary supplementation of low level of CST significantly influenced intestinal microarchitecture of the jejunum and ileum by improving villus height/crypt ratio and villus height, respectively. Femur (P=0.001) and tibia (P=0.020) stiffness increased linearly with the increasing level of dietary CST. Tibia Ca (P=0.009) and P (P=0.009) concentration of CST10 and CST30 groups were lower than the CST0 group. Increasing levels of CST in diets significantly reduced the Fe and Mn concentrations in tibia samples. In conclusion, supplementation of CST has no detrimental effect on broiler performance parameters and might be used as an alternative dietary fat source in the broiler industry.

The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of sepiolite usage on pellet production parameters and pellet quality characteristics for dairy cattle concentrate feed under regular industrial conditions. In the experiment, 14 mt pellet feeds for control and two treatment groups with 7 batch each were produced in a commercial feed factory. Each batch was 2 mt. Control group feed produced contained 87.37% dry matter, 18.06% crude protein, 6.95% crude fibre and 5.34% ether extract. For the treatment groups, 1% and 1.5% sepiolite (Exal T) were used as top dressed in the mixer. Pelleting disc having 6.5 mm hole diameter was used in the factory. Energy consumption during pellet manufacturing was decreased with sepiolite supplementation (P

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and rumen fluid metabolites in Merino cross breed lambs. For this purpose, a total of 21 weaned lambs, which were 3–3.5 months of age were allocated to one control group and two treatment groups each containing 7 lambs. The experiment lasted for a total of 90 days, of which the adaptation and experimental periods were 22 and 68 days, respectively. Pelleted alfalfa and concentrates were given to lambs individually. Concentrate diets of first and the second treatment groups were supplemented with 1 and 2% sepiolite as top dressed, respectively. There were no significant differences observed in body weights, body weight gains, hot and cold carcass yields, meat pH and meat composition among the groups. Relative weights of internal organs and carcass parts were also not affected by sepiolite supplementation. The addition of 1 and 2% sepiolite to the diets of animals increased the consumption of concentrates and total dry matter intake (P

Pekin ducks are easily reared in a wide range of conditions. As waterfowl, the growth, digestive system and visual perception of Pekin ducks are different to chickens. Generally, ducks are raised f...

Aeromonas turleri sucul ortamda yaygin olarak bulunan ve hem soguk kanli hayvanlarda hem de insanlar da cesitli hastaliklara neden olabilen Gram negatif basillerdir. Bu calisma, ulkemizde balik ve yetistirme sularindan izole edilmis olan Aeromonas izolatlarinin antimikrobiyal duyarlilik profillerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla gerceklestirildi. Calismaya uc farkli cografik bolgeden (Karadeniz, Akdeniz, Ege) izole edilmis olan toplam 45 Aeromonas izolati (20 A. sobria, 10 A. hydrophila, dokuz A. salmonicida, dort A. bestiarum, iki A. veroni) dahil edildi. Izolatlarin 13 farkli antimikrobiyal ajana karsi antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri disk difuzyon yontemiyle degerlendirildi. Test edilen antimikrobiyaller icerisinde gentamisin butun izolatlarin duyarli oldugu tek antimikrobiyal olarak belirlendi. Florfenikol ve siprofloksasin’in yuksek duzeyde etkin olduklari (direnc orani %8.9), en dusuk duyarlilik oranin ise amoksisilin (%17.8), ampisilin (%22.2) ve oksolonik asit’e (%35.6) karsi sekillendigi belirlendi. Sonuc olarak, calismada farkli oranlarda ilac direncinin saptanmis olmasi hem balik hem de insan hastaliklarinin tedavisinde uygun antimikrobiyel ajanlarin secilmesinin onemini ortaya koymakla birlikte Aeromonas turleri icin etkin ulusal antimikrobiyal direnc izleme sistemlerine ihtiyac duyuldugunu gostermektedir

Bu araştırma, yumurta tavuğu rasyonlarına sepiyolit ilavesinin 22 hafta süreyle performans, yumurta kalitesi ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 38 haftalık yaşta 135 adet Lohmann Brown yumurta tavuğu 1 kontrol ve 2 deneme grubuna ayrılmıştır. Sepiyolit kontrol, birinci ve ikinci deneme gruplarının rasyonlarında sırasıyla % 0, 0.5 ve 1 olacak şekilde ilave edilmiştir. Sepiyolit ilavesi yem tüketimi, yumurta verimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve yemden yararlanmayı etkilememiştir. Rasyonlarda %1 düzeyinde sepiyolit kullanılmasıyla yumurta kırılma mukavemeti (p

Bu araştırma, gökkuşağı alabalıkları rasyonlarına farklı düzeylerde maya otolizatı ilavesinin performans, bazı kan parametreleri ve lizozim aktivitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak ortalama ağırlıkları 35 g olan 180 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kullanıldı. Deneme, her biri 60 adet hayvandan oluşan bir kontrol ve iki deneme olmak üzere toplam üç grup halinde yürütüldü. Her grup 20 balıktan oluşan üç alt gruba ayrıldı. Birinci ve ikinci deneme grupları rasyonlarına sırasıyla %0.1 ve %0.2 düzeylerinde maya otolizatı (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilave edildi. Deneme sekiz hafta sürdürüldü. Deneme sonunda yemlerine maya otolizatı ilave edilen balıklarda canlı ağırlık ve spesifik büyüme hızı kontrol grubuna gore daha yüksek bulundu. Rasyonlarda maya otolizatı kullanımı yem dönüşüm oranını olumlu yönde etkiledi. Alabalık rasyonlarına maya otolizatı ilavesi deneme sonunda boy, kondisyon faktörü, serum lizozim aktivitesi, toplam protein ve kolesterol değerleri arasında farklılık yaratmadı, serum trigliserit düzeyi maya otolizatı ilavesi ile azaldı. Rasyonlarına maya otolizatı ilave edilmiş balıklara ait karaciğer lizozim düzeyleri kontrol grubundan yüksek bulundu (P0.05). Sonuç olarak, Gökkuşağı alabalık rasyonlarına maya otolizatı ilavesi performans, spesifik büyüme hızı ve karaciğer lizozim düzeyinde artış sağladığından etkili bir katkı maddesi olabileceği kanısına varıldı. Ayrıca maya otolizatının %0.1 ve %0.2 düzeyinde kullanılması arasında performans ve diğer parametreler bakımından bir farklılık gözlenmediğinden, Gökkuşağı alabalık rasyonlarında maya otolizatı %0.1 düzeyinde kullanılabilir, The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on performance characteristics, some blood parameters and lysozyme activity in rainbow trouts. A total of 180 rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing approximately 35 g were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 60 fish. Each group was divided into three subgroups each containing 20 fish. The diets of the first and second treatment groups were supplemented with 0.1% and 0.2% yeast autolysates, respectively. The experimental period lasted for eight weeks. Fish, fed diets with yeast autolysate exhibited higher body weights and specific growth rates than those fed with control diet after eight weeks of experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was improved by dietary yeast autolysate. There were no significant differences among the groups on length, condition factor, serum lysozyme activity, serum total protein and serum cholesterol at the end of the experiment. Serum triglyceride levels decreased with yeast autolysate. Liver lysozyme level was higher in fish fed with diets including yeast autolysate than that of fed with control diet (P

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the usage of glycerol from biodiesel production from soybean oil in laying hen diets on laying performance, egg traits, heterophils to lymphocytes ratio (H/L), some blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 39 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups and fed for 16 weeks. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, comprising of 9 hens each. Glycerol was used at the level of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit, yolk weight percentage, exterior egg quality characteristics, excreta moisture, H/L ratio, blood parameters and antibody production to SRBC. Hens fed diets with 7.5% glycerol consumed significantly less feed than those of the other groups. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was significantly higher for hens fed diets with 5 and 7.5% glycerol as compared to those of the other groups (P

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary black cumin seed on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 12 week period. For this purpose a total of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens 36 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups. Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was used at the level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg−1 in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. RESULTS: Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg quality characteristics and blood parameters. Diets containing 10 and 15 g kg−1 black cumin seed increased egg weight (P < 0.01), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.01) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (% of total fatty acid methyl esters) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) compared to the diet of control group. CONCLUSION: Dietary black cumin seed at the level of 10 and 15 g kg−1 had beneficial effects on egg weight, feed efficiency, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Therefore it can be used at the level of 10 and 15 g kg−1 in the diets of laying hens. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. One hundred and sixty-two SHSY-type brown layers aged 21 weeks were chosen at random from a large flock. They were allocated to three dietary treatments. Each treatment comprised six replicates of nine layers in groups of three. The diets were supplemented with 0, 5 and 10 g kg−1 garlic powder. The experimental period lasted 22 weeks. Garlic powder addition did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg shell index, egg breaking strength, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index, egg Haugh unit, egg yolk weight and serum protein concentration. Egg weight increased (P < 0.01) with garlic powder supplementation. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in egg cholesterol concentration as mg g−1 yolk when the dietary level of garlic powder was increased from 0 to 10 g kg−1. Hen serum triglyceride (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (P < 0.01) concentrations decreased with garlic powder supplementation. This study demonstrated that garlic powder addition increased egg weight and decreased egg yolk cholesterol concentration (mg g−1 yolk) and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations without adverse effects on performance and egg traits. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

This study involved two separate experiments to determine the effects of tannic acid and lignosulfonate treatments of sunflower seed meal on the digestibility and rumen degradability characteristics of some nutrients in rams. Sunflower seed meal was treated with 3, 6 and 9% tannic acid, 5 and 10% lignosulfonate. In the first experiment, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of sunflower seed meal samples were determined by a faeces collection method using 5 merino rams aged 1.5 years and weighing 66.5 kg. Tannic acid treatments of sunflower seed meal at the level of 3, 6 and 9% did not have any effect on in vivo crude nutrient digestibility. Crude protein digestibility values were not affected by the treatment of 5% lignosulfonate of sunflower seed meal but were decreased significantly (p

Bu araştırma, rasyonlarda humat (farmagülatördryTM) ve probiyotik (proteksin™)kullanımınınbroylerlerde canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi,yemdenyararlanmatırmada toplam 285 adet günlük ticari Ross PM3 erkek broyler civciv kullanılmıştır.kontrol, 2 deneme olmak üzere toplam 3 grup halinde yürütülmüştür.Grupların her biri 19 adet civciv içeren beş alt gruba ayrılmıştır.Birinci ve:ikirici deneme grupları rasyonlarınatırma 42 gün sürdürülmüştür.oranı ve karkas randımanı bakımından2. deneme gruplarında ortalama canlı ağırlık artışları sırasıyla 2152.8, 2098.1 ve 2100.8 g, bir kg canlı ağırlık artışı için tüketilen yemmiktarları ise sırasıyla1.80, 1.80 ve 1.81 kg olarak belirlenmiştir.teksin ™ ilavesinin canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanı üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi gözlenmemiştir, This experimentwas carried out to determine the effects of the usage of humate (farmagulatorin broiler rations on live weight gain, feed consumption,dryTM) and probiotic (protexin™)285 daily Ross PM3 broiler male chicks were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and two treatmentgroups each containing 95 chicks. Each group was divided into five subgroups each containingsecOlıd treatmentgroups were supplementedperimental period lasted 42 days. At the end of the study there were no statistically differences among the groups in Iive weight, liveweight gain, feed consumption,groııps were found as 2152.8, 2098.1 and 2 i00.8 g, respectively during 42 days trial period. Feed consumptionper one kg live weightgain of groups during trial were determinedas 1.80, 1.80 and 1.81 kg, respectively.lt is concluded that the supplementationmagulatorcass yield of broilers

WOS: 000342266000009, The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance, egg quality, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of laying hens during 26 wks period. For this purpose a total of 225 Hyline Brown laying hens, 39 wks of age, were allocated to one control group and four treatment groups. Basal diet was supplemented with YCW derived from bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (InteMOS) at the level of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg in the diets of the first, second, third and fourth treatment groups, respectively. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, and egg internal and external quality characteristics. YCW supplementation at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg decreased egg yolk cholesterol level as mg per g yolk (P < 0.05). Blood serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased with the dietary inclusion of YCW at the level of 2, 3 and 4 g/kg (P < 0.01). Dietary YCW supplementation increased antibody titres to SRBC (P < 0.01). As a result dietary YCW at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg had beneficial effects in the production of low cholesterol eggs and improvement in humoral immunity response., Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey), This work was supported by Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey).

The dry-matter (DM) intake and growth rate in male lambs were predicted from rumen degradability characteristics, rumen DM losses at different times, neutral- or acid-detergent fibre (NDF or ADF) contents and DM apparent digestibility of roughages. Four different straws consisting of wheat, barley, oat and rice were each offered ad libitum to 24 Merino male lambs with 200 glday concentrate for 4 weeks to determine DM intake and growth rate. Apparent digestibilities of the straws were measured with three Merino male sheep. Measurements were made during the last 10 days of each 20-day period. The degradation characteristics of the straws were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the rumens of three Merino male sheep fitted with rumen cannulae. The exponential model p = a + b(l - er^) was fitted to the data. Potential degradabilities of DM (defined as a + b) and apparent digestibilities of DM ranged from 530 to 679 and 440 to 560 g/kg, respectively. The mean DM intake of the straws varied from 543 to 745 glday, the digestible DM intake from 236 to 417 glday and growth rate from 17 to 95 glday. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake and growth rate were 0·79 and 0·70, respectively. NDF and ADF were related to DM intake (i = 0·65; r = 0·64) and growth rate (r = 0·55; r = 0·56). The correlation coefficient between DM apparent digestibility and DM intake was 0·76. It is concluded that the rumen degradation characteristics have potential for predicting intake of straws and growth rate in sheep.

WOS: 000344689400018, This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and histopathological changes in broilers. A total of 272 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast cell wall (InteMos) to obtain dietary treatments. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Dietary yeast cell wall increased body weight gain during the first three weeks (P, Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey), The authors wish to thank Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey) for supporting this study and Beypilic for supplying chicks (Bolu, Turkey).

WOS: 000302198700024, This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers. A total of 204 daily Ross 308 female broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0%, 0.5% and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Supplemental sepiolite improved body weight (P

WOS: 000294879500008, This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and to investigate its effects on milk yield, milk composition and some blood parameters in lactating cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups of three cows and assigned randomly to one of two diets in a cross-over experiment. Daily 50 g RumiSacc was top dressed at the p.m. feeding for the treatment group. RumiSacc supplied a high protein and energy with high organic matter digestibility values (83.35%) determined by in vitro enzymatic analysis. Yeast culture supplementation significantly increased milk yield, tended to increase fat yield, protein yield and lactose yield of milk. Methylated fatty acid level of 18:3 (n-3) in milk fat was increased by yeast culture supplementation. The concentrations of methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and taurine were significantly increased with dietary inclusion of yeast culture. Live yeast culture supplementation did not affect other performance characteristics, milk quality characteristics and blood parameters. As a conclusion live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) had high nutritive value and positive effects on milk production and some milk quality characteristics in lactating cows under field conditions.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation to the broiler turkey diets on the performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system. A total of 48 female poults aged five weeks were divided into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 12 female poults. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast culture (Diamond V “XP”, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), respectively. The experimental period lasted 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, carcass yield, weights and rates of internal organs, abdominal fat and the values of pH and viscosity of small intestine of turkeys were not significantly affected by different levels of yeast culture. There were no significant differences among the groups in total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase of blood serum and haemetological parameters. Immune system of turkeys was also not affected by dietary yeast culture. The results in this study demonstrated that yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation at the levels of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg to the diets of female broiler turkeys did not have any significant effects on performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system., Bu araştırma, broyler dişi hindi rasyonlarına farklı düzeylerde maya kültürü (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilavesinin hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve immun sistem üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 48 adet 5 haftalık dişi palazı her biri 12 adet palazdan meydana gelen 1 kontrol ve 3 deneme olmak üzere toplam 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü deneme grupları rasyonlarına sırasıyla 1, 2 ve 3 g/kg düzeylerinde maya kültürü (Diamond V “XP”, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilave edilmiştir. Deneme 10 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda rasyonlara farklı düzeylerde ilave edilen maya kültürünün hindilerde canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı üzerine önemli etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Rasyonlara maya kültürü ilavesi karkas randımanını, iç organ ağırlıklarını, abdominal yağ ağırlığı ile oranlarını, ince bağırsak pH'sı ve viskositesini etkilememiştir. Kan serumu toplam protein, kolesterol, trigliserit, ürik asit ALT, AST, ALP düzeyleri bakımından gruplar arasında istatistik önem taşıyan farklılık oluşmamıştır. Hindilerde maya kültürünün immun sistem üzerinde de herhangi bir önemli etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, broyler dişi hindi rasyonlarına 1, 2 ve 3 g/kg düzeylerinde maya kültürü (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilavesinin hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri, ince bağırsak pH’sı ve viskositesi ile immun sistem üzerinde önemli bir etkisi saptanmamıştır.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation of egg yolk, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of laying hens during a 16 week period. A total of 225 Hyline Brown laying hens, 22 weeks of age, were allocated equally to one control group and four treatment groups. Yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, InteWall) was used at levels of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 in the diets of the first, second, third and fourth treatment groups respectively. RESULTS: Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake and egg traits. Yeast autolysate supplementation increased egg production (P < 0.001) and egg weight (P < 0.001) and improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05). Yeast autolysate at levels of 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 decreased egg yolk cholesterol level as mg g−1 yolk (P < 0.01) and blood serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride (P < 0.05) and increased antibody titres to sheep red blood cells (P < 0.01). Total saturated fatty acids and the ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids increased (P < 0.01) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) decreased with yeast autolysate supplementation. CONCLUSION: Dietary yeast autolysate at levels of 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 had beneficial effects on performance, egg cholesterol content and humoral immune response. It is concluded that 2 g kg−1 yeast autolysate will be enough to have beneficial effects in laying hens. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

Bu araştırma, hindi yemlerine farklı düzeylerde (0, 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg) L-karnitin katılmasının verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak toplam 48 adet 6 haftalık dişi palaz kullanılmıştır. Deneme her biri 12 adet dişi palazdan meydana gelen 1 kontrol ve 3 deneme olmak üzere toplam 4 grup halinde yürütülmüştür. Her grup 3 dişi palazdan oluşan 4 tekrar grubuna ayrılmıştır. Birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü deneme grupları rasyonlarına sırasıyla 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg düzeylerinde L-karnitin ilavesi yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubu rasyonuna L-karnitin ilave edilmemiştir. Araştırma 10 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda yemlere farklı düzeylerde katılan karnitinin hindilerde canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı, iç organ ağırlıkları ve abdominal yağ ağırlığı ile oranlarını, ince bağırsak pH'sı ve kan serumunda toplam protein, kolesterol, trigliserit, alanin amino transferaz, aspartat amino transferaz ve alkalin fosfataz düzeyleri üzerine etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Hindilerde karnitinin bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde de herhangi bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, yemlere 50, 100 ve 150 mg/kg düzeylerinde L-karnitin ilavesinin broyler dişi hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde önemli bir etkisi saptanmamıştır, This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of L-carnitine (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) added to the broiler turkey diets on performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system. A total of 48 female poults aged 6 weeks were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 12 female poults. Each group was divided into four replicate groups each containing 3 poults. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg L-carnitine, respectively. L-carnitine was not added to the diet of control group. The experimental period lasted 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, carcass yield, weights and rates of internal organs and abdominal fat, pH value of small intestine and total protein, cholesterol, trigliceride, and activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase of blood serum were not affected by different levels of carnitine supplementation to diets. Immune system of female poults was not affected by dietary L-carnitine. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation at the levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg to the diets of female poults did not have any significant effects on performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers. A total of 204 daily Ross 308 female broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0%, 0.5% and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Supplemental sepiolite improved body weight (P

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dried baker’s yeast on laying performance, egg traits and some blood parameters of quails. In the experiment a total of 342 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged ten weeks were equally divided into six groups of 57 (three replicates of 19 quails each). Six levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) of dried baker’s yeast were included in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The experimental period lasted 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, protein intake, egg production, feed efficiency, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit. Blood serum levels of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were not affected by dietary dried baker’s yeast. Diets containing 4 and 8% of dried baker’s yeast increased the egg weight significantly (p < 0.01). The inclusion of dried baker’s yeast at the level of 20% to the diets reduced egg shell thickness and egg albumen height. It is concluded that dried baker’s yeast can be used up to 16% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters.

This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary garlic powder on laying performance, egg traits and blood serum cholesterol level of quails. A total of three hundred quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged nine weeks were used. They were allocated to 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment comprised 5 replicates of 20 quails. The diets were supplemented with 0, 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder. The experimental period lasted 21 weeks. The addition of garlic powder did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit. Adding 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder to the laying quail diets increased egg weight (p

WOS: 000231641800009, PubMed: 16156131, This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using L-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 280 Japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (Farmagulator (R) Dry Plus)/kg and 100 mg L-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. The addition of L-camitine and sodium humate alone or in combination did not significantly affect body weight, feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion ratio, mortality, egg-shell thickness, egg yolk index and the percentages of egg-shell, albumen and yolk. Egg weight increased (P < 0.001) with L-camitine supplementation. The values of egg albumen height (P < 0.05), egg albumen index (P < 0.01) and egg Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were increased with humate supplementation. Egg cholesterol content and blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of L-camitine with or without humate. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation increased egg weight while humate addition increased egg albumen index and egg Haugh unit of laying quails. However, the combined administration of L-camitine and humate did not have any significant effects on the parameters measured.

This study was carried out to determine the effeets of the usage of enzyme and avaparcin alone or ın combinaıionon pcrforınance. carcass yield and same blood parameters of quails. A total of 328 daily Japanese quail chicb (Coııırniı coıumi\jupoııiCil) were used in this experiment. They \'oae divided into 4 groups (I control and 3 treatment groups) eaclı containıng 82chıcb. Each group was divided into 2 replieate groups eontaining 41 ehieks. Experimental diets were suppleınented withroxazyme-G (I 000 ppm) and avaparcin (I 5 ppm) alone or in combination. The experimental period la,ted five weeks. Aı the end ofthe study there were no statistically differenees among the groups in live weight. earcass yield and total protein and total lipid value,of blood serıını. Feed consumption per one kg live weight gain of control group and i..2. and 3. treatment groups during trial \Vercdetermined as 3.06. 3. 18. 3.09 and 3. i()kg, respectively. It is eoncluded that the supplementation of roxazyme-G with or wiıhoutavaparcin to tlıe rations had no important effect on fattening performanee, earcass yield and total protein and total lipid valucs ofblood senım of quai Ls.

Bu araştırma, findık küspesi ve findık içi kabuğunun rumende parçalanma özellikleriniin situ naylon kese tekniği ile belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Araştırmada rumen kanülü takılmış, ortalama 40 kg ağırlığında 3 ergin erkek Ankara keçisikullantllmştır. Hayvanlara iyi kaliteli kıyılmış kuru çayır otu ad libitum verilmiştir. Fındık küspesi vefindık içi kabuğu numuneleri 4,8,/6,24,48 ve 72 saatlik sürelerde rumene inkübe edilmiştir. Yemmaddelerinde ve inkübasyondan sonra kalan numunelerde ham besin madde miktarlarıbelirlenmiştir. Yem maddelerinin rumende parçalanma özellikleri p = a + b (/ - e-u) eşitliğindenyararlantlarak hesaplanmıştır.Fındık kÜ!ıpesi ve findık içi kabuğunun rumende maksimum potansiyel parçalanabilirliği(o + b) sırası ile kuru madde için % 94.14 ve 36.89, ham protein için % 97.02 ve 18.34 olarakbulunmuştur. Rumende ham protein parçalanma hız sabiti değerleri findık kü.\pesi ve findık içikahuğu için sırasıyla 0.5332 ve 0.0681/saat olarak tespit edilmiştir.Araştırma sonucu yem maddelerine ait elde edilen rumende parçalanma özellikleri,ruminamlar için daha ekonomik ra!ıyon yapılmasına ışık tutacaktır.

Bu araştırma, rasyonlara katılan % ı,2,3,4 ve 5 düzeylerindeki laktik asitin bıldırcınlarda besi performansı, karkas randımanı ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Araştırmada toplam 552 adet dört günlük Japon bıldırcın civcivi (Coturnix cotunıixjaponica)kullanılmıştır. Her birinde 92 adet civciv bulunan bir kontrol ve beş deneme grubu düzenlenmiştir.Araştırma otuzbir gün sürdürülmüştür.Bıldırcın rasyonlarında % 5'e kadar laktik asit bulunması, araştırma sonunda canlı ağırlık,canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve karkas randımanı bakımından istatistikiaçıdan bir farklılık oluşturmamıştır. Bununla birlikte otuzbir günlük araştırma süresince rasyonunda% 1,2,4 ve 5 düzeylerinde laktik asit bulunan gruplar, kontrol grubuna göre bir kg canlı ağırlık artışıiçin % 4.4-5.3 düzeyinde daha az yem tüketmiştir. Rasyonlarında % 4 ve % 5 laktik asit bulunangrupların kan serumunda total protein ve total kolesterol değerleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiki açıdan önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p