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National Wildlife Refuges are established with a range of management purposes as a result of a variety of acquisition authorities including legislative mandate, executive order, and establishing memorandum. The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 mandates that each refuge shall be managed to fulfill the System mission and its establishing purposes, as well as to maintain the System's overall biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health. We offer the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge as a case study demonstrating the challenges a refuge staff faces when implementing management practices that achieve refuge purposes while also maintaining and, where appropriate, restoring biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health as well as complying with a multitude of other legislative mandates and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines two types of deep tillage as possible management options for reducing lead pellet densities in wetlands in the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge in California. Vegetation changes that resulted from tilling; Pellet density and depth; Effects of tillage on lead pellets.

Investigates the lead poisoning from ingestion of spent lead pellets in sentinel mallards at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge in California. Rates of lead exposure; Periodic measurement of blood lead concentrations; Lead pellet densities.