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In this article I discuss Armando Cardoso's philological work in the Monumenta Anchietana’s edition, his research with manuscripts and other documentary sources, the translation process and the organization of the collection. The theoretical model for this analysis, based on Linguistic Historiography, is the one proposed by Pierre Swiggers (2013), by which I discuss the 'heuristic dimension' of Anchieta's work. Monumenta Anchietana is a collection of works by S. Jose de Anchieta, SJ (1534-1597) and biographical studies published by Loyola Editions in Brazil. The collection is not yet complete and some volumes have not yet been published. Jesuit missionary Anchieta was one of the most representative humanists of the 16th century in Brazil, having been a student of the Royal College of Arts of Coimbra in 1548, before coming to Brazil in 1553. He wrote literary, religious and historical works in four languages: Latin, Portuguese, Spanish and Tupi, indigenous language of the early days of colonization in Brazil. His works written in Latin are the main source for analyzing the reception of Classical Culture in 16th century Brazilian linguistic thought.

Este artículo tiene por objeto dar a conocer un documento latino del siglo XVI existente en la Real Biblioteca de Palacio de Madrid. En él se relata el mal trato dado por el rey de Persia a un embajador turco. En el estudio preliminar se detallan el ambiente y circunstancias históricas de esa embajada y se indica que hechos parecidos no eran infrecuentes en aquellos tiempos. En cuanto al latín del documento se señala que, a pesar de algunos rasgos vulgares y medievales, es un excelente ejemplo de latín renacentista. The aim of this article is to make known a Latin document from the sixteenth century, which exists in La Real Biblioteca de Palacio de Madrid. It relates the bad treatment given to a Turkish ambassador by the King of Persia. The preliminary study gives detailed information about the atmosphere and historic circumstances of the Turkish embassy, and it is indicated that similar events were common at that time. As for the Latin used in the document, despite some vulgar and medieval uses, it is an excellent example of Renaissance Latin.

In these two volumes, Michael J. B. Allen translates for the first time into English (and indeed into any modern language) Marsilio Ficino's Renaissance Latin translation of, and commentary on, Dio...

The History of the Normative Opposition of “Language versus Dialect”: From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-StatesThe concept of “a language” (Einzelsprache, that is, one of many extant languages) and its opposition to “dialect” (considered as a “non-language,” and thus subjugable to an already recognized language merely as “its” dialect) is the way people tend to think about languages in the West today. It appears to be a value-free, self-evident conception of the linguistic position. So much so that the concept of “language” was included neither in Immanuel Kant’s system of categories, nor in the authoritative Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. This paper sketches the rise of the “dialect vs language” opposition in classical Greek, its transposition onto classical Latin, and its transfer, through medieval and renaissance Latin, to the early modern period. On the way, the Greek and Latin terms for “language” (and also for “dialect”) sometimes functioned as synonyms for peoples (that is, ethnic groups), which – importantly – contributed to the rise of the normative equation of language with nation in the early nineteenth century. It was the beginning of the ethnolinguistic kind of nationalism that prevails to this day in Central Europe. Dzieje normatywnej dychotomii języka i dialektu: Od greko-łacińskich źródeł po państwa etnicznojęzykowe Europy ŚrodkowejPojęcie języka jako jednego z wielu (Einzelsprache) stawiane w diametralnej opozycji do „dialektu” (czyli „nie-języka”, który normatywnie musi zostać przyporządkowany jakiemuś już wcześniej uznanemu językowi jako jeden z jego dialektów) stanowi formę pojęciową, poprzez pryzmat której postrzega się języki i dyskutuje o nich we współczesnym świecie Zachodu. Z powodu powszechnego uznania owa forma pojęciowa wydaje się tak oczywista i wolna od nacechowania ideologicznego, że Immanuel Kant nie uwzględnił języka w zaproponowanym przez siebie systemie kategorii filozoficznych, podobnie jak i autorzy niezmiernie wpływowego dzieła z zakresu historiografii i socjologii politycznej o znamiennym tytule Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiam wyłonienie się opozycji języka wobec dialektu w starożytnej grece oraz jego recepcję na gruncie łaciny od starożytności rzymskiej po okres nowożytny. W ciągu wieków utarło się używanie greckich i łacińskich terminów w odniesieniu do „języka” jako synonimów na określenie ludów (czy też grup etnicznych), co we wczesnym XIX stuleciu silnie wpłynęło na wykształcenie się normatywnego zrównania języka z narodem. Stanowiło to początek fenomenu znanego pod nazwą „nacjonalizmu etnicznojęzykowego”, który na poziomie państw dominuje po dziś dzień w całej Europie Środkowej.

The article reports on kissing in Renaissance Latin poetry. It is said that experts have considered the existence of a Renaissance poetry of kissing, that is, a poetics of kissing. It highlights the tensions operating within that oscular poetics. A volume of French vernacular paraphrases appeared related to kissing.

This book presents the first English translation of an important Renaissance Latin text: Angelo Poliziano’s Lamia, an opening oration to a 1492 course at the University of Florence that amounts to a rethinking of the mission and nature of philosophy. An edition of the Latin text is also offered, as are four contextualizing studies.

This is the second of two bulls, both entitled “Inter Cetera,” issued by Pope Alexander VI in an effort to settle the dispute between the Spanish and Portuguese crowns over their respective spheres in the Atlantic, which Columbus’ s first voyage had brought to a head. The official date of this bull is incorrect; it was actually issued in June 1493. This document, 2nd Documents 24, 25, and 27, are written in the technical and highly stylized Renaissance Latin of the Papal Chancery.

1. The Theology of Lorenzo Valla John Monfasani 2. Renaissance Latin translations of the Greek Commentaries on Aristotle Charles H. Lohr 3. From Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples to Giulio Landi: Uses of the Dialogue in Renaisssance Aristotelianism Luca Bianchi 4. The Adoption and Rejection of Aristotelian Moral Philosophy in Reformed 'Casuistry' M.W.F. Stone 5. The Relationship of Stoicism and Scepticism: Justus Lipsius A.H.T. Levi 6. 'Ethnicorum omnium sanctissimus': Marcus Aurelius and his Meditations from Xylander to Diderot Jill Kraye 7. The Myth of Francis Bacon's 'Anti-Humanism' Brian Vickers 8. 'Delicate learning', Erudition and Enterprise of Philosophy J.R. Milton 9. Grandeur and the Mechanical Philosophy Susan James 10. Renaissance Humanism, Lingering Aristotleianism and the New Mechanical Philosophy: Gassendi on Final Causes Margaret J. Osler 11. Galileo, Ficino and Renaissance Platonism James Hankins 12. Humanist Platonism in Seventeenth-Century Germany Christia Mercer

These pages continue the inventory of Renaissance Latin Aristotle Commentaries published in Studies in the Renaissance, XXI (1974), 228-289; Renaissance Quarterly, XXVIII (1975), 689-741; XXIX (1976), 714-745; XXX (1977), 681-741; XXXI (1978), 532–603. The commentaries have been arranged alphabetically according to the author's family name, with a brief biobibliographical note and indication of the manuscripts and printed editions.

The Renaissance humanists’ quest for the perfect Latin style formed the central element in their views of literature and history and contributed fundamentally to the genesis of their cultural values. In order to establish the ideal Latin, the humanists searched the treasures of Antiquity and formed the critical standards necessary to judge and use ancient writers. As a consequence Renaissance Latin prose was dynamic, although within definite limits. It changed according to the increased knowledge and sophistication of both its practitioners and their audience. This essay will describe the changes that Latin prose (Latin poetry will be discussed only in passing) experienced in Italy in the last decades of the Quattrocento and first years of the Cinquecento. It will review the major schools of Latin prose composition—the eclectic, the strict imitative, and the “archaizing“— and concentrate on the last of these in an attempt to explain why some Italian humanists followed certain ancient but uncommon Latin models in their writing and, thereby, rejected, at least implicitly, a number of basic elements in the view of the Latin language and its history that was accepted during the Quattrocento.

These pages conclude the inventory of Renaissance Latin Aristotle Commentaries published in Studies in the Renaissance, XXI (1974), 228-289; Renaissance Quarterly, XXVIII (1975), 689-741; XXIX (1976), 714-745; XXX (1977), 681-741; XXXI (1978), 532-603; XXXII (1979), 529-580; XXXIII (1980), 623-734. The commentaries have been arranged alphabetically according to the author's family name, with a brief biobibliographical note and indication of the manuscripts and printed editions.On the completion of this inventory I should like to express my gratitude for the tireless cooperation of Gerlinde Danzeisen and Marlen Wronka.