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Nikolaos Patsinakidis,1,2 Ocko Kautz,1 Bernhard F Gibbs,2 Ulrike Raap1,2 1University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg Aör, Oldenburg, Germany; 2Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, GermanyCorrespondence: Nikolaos PatsinakidisUniversity Clinic of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Rahel-Straus-Strasse 10, 26133, Oldenburg, GermanyTel +49 4 414 037 2854Fax +49 441 403 2852Email patsinakidis.nikolaos@klinikum-oldenburg.deAbstract: Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) is an uncommon and photosensitive inflammatory skin disorder which is characterised by erythematous urticarial plaques. In the last 20 years, extensive research on clinical and histological aspects of the disease have led to a better characterization of this nosological entity and to differentiate it from other similar or related diseases. Today, LET is considered as a separate subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) with a benign, intermittent clinical course (intermittent CLE, ICLE) and only rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Keywords: lupus erythematosus tumidus, tumid lupus, intermittent cutaneous lupus

This document presents the findings of a study on the presence of eosinophils and basophils in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and non-bullous pemphigoid (NBP) skin. The study found that the number of eosinophils and basophils was significantly higher in BP lesional skin compared to BP perilesional skin and NBP skin. The activation of eosinophils and basophils in BP lesional skin was also observed. These findings suggest that eosinophils and basophils play an important role in the pathophysiology of BP and may contribute to the itch experienced by pemphigoid patients. Further research is needed to validate these findings. [Extracted from the article]

S1P is a pleotropic sphingolipid signalling molecule that acts through binding to five high‐affinity G‐protein coupled receptors. S1P‐signaling affects cell fate in a multitude of ways, e.g. influencing cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as playing an important role in immune cell trafficking. Though many effects of S1P‐signaling in the human body have been discovered, the full range of functions is yet to be understood. For inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, evidence is emerging that dysfunction and imbalance of the S1P‐axis is a contributing factor. Multiple studies investigating the efficacy of S1PR modulators in alleviating the severity and symptoms of skin conditions in various animal models and human clinical trials have shown promising results and validated the interest in the S1P‐axis as a potential therapeutic target. Even though the involvement of S1P‐signalling in inflammatory skin diseases still requires further clarification, the implications of the recent findings may prompt expansion of research to additional skin conditions and more S1P‐axis modulatory pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]