31 results on '"Pintaudi AM"'
Search Results
2. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in beta-thalassemia major: iron overload and depletion of lipid-soluble antioxidants
- Author
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Livrea, MA, primary, Tesoriere, L, additional, Pintaudi, AM, additional, Calabrese, A, additional, Maggio, A, additional, Freisleben, HJ, additional, D'Arpa, D, additional, D'Anna, R, additional, and Bongiorno, A, additional
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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3. Supplementation with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit decreased oxidative stress in healthy humans: a comparative study with vitamin C.
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Tesoriere L, Butera D, Pintaudi AM, Allegra M, and Livrea MA
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit contains vitamin C and characteristic betalain pigments, the radical-scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of which have been shown in vitro. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of short-term supplementation with cactus pear fruit compared with vitamin C alone on total-body oxidative status in healthy humans. DESIGN: In a randomized, crossover, double-treatment study, 18 healthy volunteers received either 250 g fresh fruit pulp or 75 mg vitamin C twice daily for 2 wk, with a 6-wk washout period between the treatments. Before (baseline) and after each treatment, 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) and malondialdehyde in plasma, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in erythrocytes, and lipid hydroperoxides in LDL were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress; plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) and vitamins A, E, and C were evaluated as indexes of antioxidant status. RESULTS: Both treatments caused comparable increases compared with baseline in plasma concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C (P < 0.05); vitamin A and TEAC did not change significantly. After supplementation with cactus pear fruit, 8-epi-PGF(2)alpha and malondialdehyde decreased by approximately 30% and 75%, respectively; GSH:GSSG shifted toward a higher value (P < 0.05); and LDL hydroperoxides were reduced by almost one-half. Supplementation with vitamin C did not significantly affect any marker of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of cactus pear fruit positively affects the body's redox balance, decreases oxidative damage to lipids, and improves antioxidant status in healthy humans. Supplementation with vitamin C at a comparable dosage enhances overall antioxidant defense but does not significantly affect body oxidative stress. Components of cactus pear fruit other than antioxidant vitamins may play a role in the observed effects. Copyright © 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Betanin inhibits myeloperoxidase/nitrite-mediated peroxidation of human low-density lipoprotein
- Author
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Allegra, M., Tesoriere, L., Butera, D., Pintaudi, A., Livrea, M., Allegra, M, Tesoriere, L, Butera, D, Pintaudi, AM, Livrea, MA, ALLEGRA, M, TESORIERE, L, FAZZARI, M, BUTERA, D, LIVREA, MA, and PINTAUDI, AM
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myeloperoxidase, human low-density lipoprotein ,myeloperoxidase,low-density lipoprotein - Abstract
BETANIN INHIBITS MYELOPEROXIDASE/NITRITE-MEDIATED PEROXIDATION OF HUMAN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN M. Allegra, L. Tesoriere, D. Butera, A.M. Pintaudi, M.A. Livrea Dipartimento Farmacochimico Tossicologico e Biologico - Facoltà di Farmacia - Università di Palermo - Via C. Forlanini 1 - 90134 Palermo INTRODUCTION: Betanin, the betalain red pigment occurring in the Cariophillalae order plants, including cactus pear, has recently been reported to posses reducing properties and to behave as lipoperoxyl radical-scavenger in vitro (1). In addition, this phytochemical is bioavailable, accumulates in human LDL after ingestion of cactus pear fruits, and is able to protect LDL against copper-induced oxidation in vitro (2,3). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been implicated in the in vivo LDL modification and atherogenesis (4). The enzyme, in the presence of nitrite, generates two powerful oxidizing agents, the tyrosyl radical and the nitrosyl one, both of which promote LDL lipid oxidation (4). Taking all this into account we have decided to investigate weather betanin could counteract MPO/nitrite-induced oxidation of LDL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human MPO was purchased from Calbiochem and Glucose oxidase from Sigma. All other chemical and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich or Merck. Preparation of LDL. LDL was prepared from blood serum of healthy volunteers according to Kleinveld et al. (5) with minor modification and stored in the presence of 4mM EDTA at -80°C. Lipid peroxidation of LDL. Reactions were carried out according to Kostyuk et al. (6). RESULTS: Our results, indicate that betanin is able to inhibit the MPO/nitrite-induced LDL lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner in the range 1 to 10 μM (Fig.1). We have compared the effectiveness of betanin with that of two well-known physiological antioxidants: α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. As reported (4), α-tocopherol, the most powerful radical-scavenger, is only able to partially protect LDL lipids from oxidation by the MPO/nitrite system and has scarce or no effect on the powerful hydrophilic oxidants generated by nitrite. On the contrary, vitamin C, which is able to scavenge the peroxidase-generated nitrating species, was very efficient in counteracting the MPO/nitrite-sustained lipid peroxidation. Betanin, was even more effective than vitamin C, at inhibiting the oxidative damage to LDL. The IC50 calculated for betanin (1.4 μM) was more than 10-fold lower than that for ascorbic acid (15.6 μM). Nitrite, an oxidation product of nitric oxide metabolism, and MPO are considered mediators of the LDL oxidation process in vivo. Our study shows that betanin, a phytochemical occurring in the cactus pear fruit, is able to protect LDL, in an experimental set-up of physiological relevance. In addition, the molecule acts at micromolar concentrations, and appears much more effective than ascorbic acid. Our data collectively indicate a favourable modulation of the oxidation process of LDL and may contribute to the supposed beneficial effect of cactus fruit (2). 1. Lievrea M.A. et al. (2003) in Herbal Medicines, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 537-556. 2. Tesoriere L. et al. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (in press). 3. Tesoriere L. et al. (2003). Free Radical Research 37, 689-696. 4. Carr A.C. et al. (2000). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1716-1723. 5. Kleinveld, H.A. et al. (1992). Clin. Chem. 38, 2066-2072. 6. Kostyuk V.A. et al. (2003) FEBS Letters 537:146-50. 7. Kleinveld H.A. et al. (1992). Clinical Chemistry, 38. 2006-2072. 8. Kostyuk V.A. et al. (2003). FEBS Letters, 146-153.
- Published
- 2004
5. Plasma redox response of Sicilian Opuntia Ficus Indica juice in young physically active women
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Bellafiore, M., Pintaudi, A., Cataldo, A., Cerasola, D., Attanzio, A., Battaglia, G., Bianco, A., Palma, A., and Bellafiore M, Pintaudi AM, Cataldo A, Cerasola D, Attanzio A, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Palma A
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redox balance ,Settore M-EDF/02 - Metodi E Didattiche Delle Attivita' Sportive ,oxidative stress ,indicaxanthin ,Settore M-EDF/01 - Metodi E Didattiche Delle Attivita' Motorie ,Antioxidant supplementation - Abstract
It is known amateur female athletes show an altered redox status [1] and the consumption of Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) decreases oxidative stress (OS) in healthy humans [2]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the supplementation with Sicilian OFI juice affected plasma redox balance following a maximal effort test in young physically active women . This study was randomized, double blind, placebo controlled and crossover design. Eight women (23.25±2.95 years old, weight of 54.13±9.05 kg, height of 157.75±0.66 cm and BMI of 21.69±0.66 kg/m2) were randomly divided into 2 groups and each group was supplied with either 50 ml OFI, diluted to 170 ml with water, or 170 ml Placebo containing the same concentration of fruit juice ingredients except for Vitamin C and indicaxanthin. They consumed OFI or Placebo every day for 3 days before of effort test on cycle ergometer and continued to take it for 2 consecutive days after testing. Blood samples were taken before and after the effort test without supplementation (baseline), pre- and post-test, 24 h and 48 h post-test with OFI or Placebo supplementation. H2O2 levels and total antioxidant capacity (PAT) were measured with photometer and resonance Raman spectroscopy [1,2]. The differences within and between groups were calculated with ANOVA analysis and considered significant with P, Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol. 122, No. 1 (Supplement) 2017
- Published
- 2017
6. Raman Spectroscopy Technology to Monitor the Carotenoids in Skin of Thalassemia Patients: A Novel Non-Invasive Tool Relating Oxidative Stress with Iron Burden
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Alessandro Attanzio, Luisa Tesoriere, Maria Antonietta Livrea, Paolo Rigano, Anna Myriam Perrone, Anna Maria Pintaudi, Aurelio Maggio, Perrone,A, Tesoriere,L, Pintaudi,AM, Attanzio, A, Rigano,P, Maggio,A, and Livrea, MA
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thalassemia ,thalassemia, raman spectroscopy, body antioxidant status ,Management of thalassemia ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,Settore MED/15 - Malattie Del Sangue ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,Adverse effect ,Raman spectroscopy technology, skin carotenoids, thalassemia, oxidative stress ,Carotenoid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Raman spectroscopy technology ,skin carotenoids ,thalassemia ,oxidative stress ,medicine.disease ,Biomarker (medicine) ,RC633-647.5 ,Transient elastography ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
In this work we approach the relationship between redox state and iron overload by noninvasive instrumental techniques. Intracardiac, liver iron and liver fibrosis have been monitored in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients by magnetic resonance imaging and hepatic transient elastography examinations. These measurements have been matched with a non-invasive, and yet unexplored in clinical practice, evaluation of body’s oxidative stress through measurement of antioxidant carotenoids in skin, by a spectroscopic method based on Raman technology (RRS). The global body’s antioxidant status results from a balance between the level of antioxidants in cells and body fluids, including blood, and pro-oxidant species endogenously produced or coming from external sources. On this basis, the level of skin carotenoids can be considered a biomarker of the entire antioxidant status. In our work the use of RRS method provided information on the redox state of thalassemia patients, which was correlated with the iron status of the patients. Due to the highly adverse effects of accumulated iron, the novel, simple, non-invasive RRS to monitor dermal carotenoids with high compliance of the patients may be a useful tool for the management of thalassemia patients.
- Published
- 2014
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7. Anti-inflamamtory effects of Sicilian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut in an in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium
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GENTILE, Carla, PERRONE, Anna, ATTANZIO, Alessandro, PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, TESORIERE, Luisa, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, Gentile, C, Perrone, A, Attanzio, A, Pintaudi, AM, Tesoriere, L, and Livrea MA
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Pistachio nut, Inflammation, Intestinal epithelium, Polyphenols, Proanthocyanidins ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica - Published
- 2013
8. Non Invasive RAMAN spectroscopic detection of skin carotenoids in healthy Sicilian subjects
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PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, GENTILE, Carla, TESORIERE, Luisa, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, Perrone, A, Pintaudi, AM, Perrone, A, Gentile, C, Tesoriere, L, and Livrea, MA
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RAMN spectroscopy, carotenoids - Published
- 2011
9. Antioxidant activity in solution and biological membranes of seven cultivars of Sicilian peach (Prunus Persica, L. Mill)
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FAZZARI, Marco, BUTERA, Daniela, SCAZZONE, Concetta, VOLPE, Giorgio, PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, DI MARCO, Luigi, TESORIERE, Luisa, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, BONO, A, FAZZARI, M, BUTERA D, SCAZZONE, C, VOLPE, G, PINTAUDI, AM, DI MARCO, L, BONO, A, TESORIERE, L, and LIVREA, MA
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Natural antioxidant ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica ,Prunus Persica ,Sicilian peach - Published
- 2008
10. Anti-proliferative effect of betalains from Sicilian cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica, L. Mill.) on malignant HepG2, Huh-7, and HA22T human liver cell lines
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PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, COCCIADIFERRO, L, Lannino, Maria, FAZZARI, Marco, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, CARRUBA, G., PINTAUDI, AM, COCCIADIFERRO, L, LANNINO, M, FAZZARI, M, LIVREA, MA, and CARRUBA, G
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anti-proliferative ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica ,cactus pear ,Betalain ,malignat liver cell - Published
- 2008
11. BETANIN INHIBITS MPO-NITRITE-MEDIATED PEROXIDATION OF HUMAN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS
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LIVREA, Maria Antonia, ALLEGRA, Mario, TESORIERE, Luisa, BUTERA, Daniela, PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, LIVREA M, ALLEGRA M, TESORIERE L, BUTERA D, and PINTAUDI AM
- Published
- 2005
12. Supplementation with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit decreases oxidative stress in healthy humans: a comparative study with vitamin C
- Author
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Maria A. Livrea, Mario Allegra, Luisa Tesoriere, Anna Maria Pintaudi, Daniela Butera, Tesoriere, L, Butera, D, Pintaudi, AM, Allegra, M, and Livrea, MA
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Vitamin ,Adult ,Male ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Ascorbic Acid ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica ,medicine ,Humans ,Food science ,opuntia ficus indica. oxidative stress, in vivo ,PEAR ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,Vitamin C ,Vitamin E ,Opuntia ,Malondialdehyde ,Ascorbic acid ,Oxidative Stress ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Female ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit contains vitamin C and characteristic betalain pigments, the radical-scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of which have been shown in vitro. Objective: We investigated the effects of short-term supplementation with cactus pear fruit compared with vitamin C alone on total-body oxidative status in healthy humans. Design: In a randomized, crossover, double-treatment study, 18 healthy volunteers received either 250 g fresh fruit pulp or 75 mg vitamin C twice daily for 2 wk, with a 6-wk washout period between the treatments. Before (baseline) and after each treatment, 8-epiprostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) and malondialdehyde in plasma, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in erythrocytes, and lipid hydroperoxides in LDL were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress; plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) and vitamins A, E, and C were evaluated as indexes of antioxidant status. Results: Both treatments caused comparable increases compared with baseline in plasma concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C (P < 0.05); vitamin A and TEAC did not change significantly. After supplementation with cactus pear fruit, 8-epi-PGF2α and malondialdehyde decreased by ≈30% and 75%, respectively; GSH:GSSG shifted toward a higher value (P < 0.05); and LDL hydroperoxides were reduced by almost one-half. Supplementation with vitamin C did not significantly affect any marker of oxidative stress. Conclusions: Consumption of cactus pear fruit positively affects the body's redox balance, decreases oxidative damage to lipids, and improves antioxidant status in healthy humans. Supplementation with vitamin C at a comparable dosage enhances overall antioxidant defense but does not significantly affect body oxidative stress. Components of cactus pear fruit other than antioxidant vitamins may play a role in the observed effects. © 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition.
- Published
- 2004
13. Betanin inhibits myeloperoxidase/nitrite-mediated peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein
- Author
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ALLEGRA, M, PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, TESORIERE, Luisa, BUTERA, Daniela, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, ALLEGRA, M, TESORIERE, L, BUTERA, D, PINTAUDI, AM, and LIVREA, MA
- Published
- 2004
14. Betanin inhibits myeloperoxidase/nitrite-mediated peroxidation of low density lipoprotein
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ALLEGRA M, PINTAUDI, Anna Maria, TESORIERE, Luisa, BUTERA, Daniela, LIVREA, Maria Antonia, ALLEGRA M, TESORIERE L, BUTERA D, PINTAUDI AM, and LIVREA MA
- Published
- 2004
15. Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin
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Maria A. Livrea, Luisa Tesoriere, Rohn Kohen, A. Bongiorno, Francesca Di Gaudio, Anna Maria Pintaudi, Daniela Butera, Mario Allegra, Butera, D, Tesoriere, L, Di Gaudio, F, Bongiorno, A, Allegra, M, Pintaudi, AM, Kohen, R, and Livrea, MA
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Antioxidant ,Indoles ,Polymers ,Pyridines ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ascorbic Acid ,Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lipid oxidation ,Phenols ,Betalain ,Botany ,medicine ,Lipoprotein oxidation ,Food science ,Edetic Acid ,Betanin ,Flavonoids ,Plant Extracts ,food and beverages ,Opuntia ,Polyphenols ,General Chemistry ,Pigments, Biological ,Betaxanthins ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Spectrophotometry ,Fruit ,Trolox ,Betacyanins ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Indicaxanthin ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Copper - Abstract
Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits.
- Published
- 2002
16. Redox and autonomic responses to acute exercise-post recovery following Opuntia ficus-indica juice intake in physically active women.
- Author
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Bellafiore M, Pintaudi AM, Thomas E, Tesoriere L, Bianco A, Cataldo A, Cerasola D, Traina M, Livrea MA, and Palma A
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- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System physiology, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide blood, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Young Adult, Exercise physiology, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Heart Rate, Opuntia, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if the supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) juice may affect plasma redox balance and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters following a maximal effort test, in young physically active women., Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled and crossover study comprising eight women (23.25 ± 2.95 years, 54.13 ± 9.05 kg, 157.75 ± 0.66 cm and BMI of 21.69 ± 0.66 kg/m2) was carried out. A juice containing OFI diluted in water and a Placebo solution were supplied (170 ml; OFI = 50 ml of OFI juice + 120 ml of water; Placebo = 170 ml beverage without Vitamin C and indicaxanthin). Participants consumed the OFI juice or Placebo beverage every day for 3 days, before performing a maximal cycle ergometer test, and for 2 consecutive days after the test. Plasma hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (PAT), Skin Carotenoid Score (SCS) and HRV variables (LF, HF, LF/HF and rMSSD) were recorded at different time points., Results: The OFI group showed significantly lower levels of hydroperoxides compared to the Placebo group in pre-test, post-test and 48-h post-test. PAT values of the OFI group significantly increased compared to those of the Placebo group in pre-test and 48-h post-test. SCS did not differ between groups. LF was significantly lower in the OFI group 24-h after the end of the test, whereas rMSSD was significantly higher in the OFI group 48-h post-test., Conclusion: OFI supplementation decreased the oxidative stress induced by intense exercise and improved autonomic balance in physically active women.
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- 2021
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17. Increased eryptosis in smokers is associated with the antioxidant status and C-reactive protein levels.
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Attanzio A, Frazzitta A, Vasto S, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, Cilla A, and Allegra M
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Erythrocyte Membrane drug effects, Erythrocyte Membrane metabolism, Glutathione blood, Health Status, Hemolysis drug effects, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Phosphatidylserines blood, Young Adult, Antioxidants metabolism, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Eryptosis, Smokers, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been linked with oxidative stress and inflammation. In turn, eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death similar to apoptosis that can be triggered by oxidative stress, has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. However, the link between smoking and eryptosis has not been explored so far. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of eryptotic erythrocytes in healthy male smokers (n = 21) compared to non-smokers (n = 21) and assess its relationship with systemic inflammation (CRP) as well as with antioxidant defense (GSH) and their resistance to ex-vivo induced hemolysis. Smoking caused an increase in phosphatidylserine translocation outside the erythrocyte membrane (hallmark of eryptosis), significantly correlated to the plasma level of CRP (r = 0.546) and GSH concentration in erythrocytes (r=-0.475). With respect to non-smokers, smokers show a marginal increase of total leucocytes and erythrocyte volume, no modifications of the RBC resistance to oxidative stress-induced hemolysis and hematological and lipid parameters unvaried. We conclude that the inflammatory status (high CRP levels) and RBC oxidative stress (low GSH levels) caused by cigarette smoking are associated with an increase of eryptotic erythrocytes, a yet unknown relationship potentially involved with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in smokers., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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18. Short-term cactus pear [ Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill] fruit supplementation ameliorates the inflammatory profile and is associated with improved antioxidant status among healthy humans.
- Author
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Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Vasto S, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, and Allegra M
- Abstract
Background: Dietary ingredients and food components are major modifiable factors protecting immune system and preventing the progression of a low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for age-related diseases., Objective: Our study explored whether cactus pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica , Surfarina cultivar) fruit supplementation modulates plasma inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults. Correlations between inflammatory parameters and antioxidant status were also assessed in parallel., Design: In a randomised, 2-period (2 weeks/period), crossover, controlled-feeding study, conducted in 28 healthy volunteers [mean age 39.96 (±9.15) years, BMI 23.1 (±1.5) kg/m
2 ], the effects of a diet supplemented with cactus pear fruit pulp (200 g, twice a day) were compared with those of an equivalent diet with isocaloric fresh fruit substitution., Results: With respect to control, cactus pear diet decreased ( p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (INF)-γ, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas it increased ( p < 0.05) the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. Moreover, the diet decreased ratios between pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory biomarker (IL-10) ( p < 0.05). Cactus pear supplementation caused an increase ( p < 0.05) in dermal carotenoids (skin carotenoid score, SCS), a biomarker of the body antioxidant status, with correlations between SCS and CRP ( r = -0.905, p < 0.0001), IL-8 ( r = -0.835, p < 0.0001) and IL-10 ( r = 0.889, p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: The presently observed modulation of both inflammatory markers and antioxidant balance suggests cactus pear fruit as a novel and beneficial component to be incorporated into current healthy dietary habits., Competing Interests: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2018
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19. Raman Spectroscopic Measurements of Dermal Carotenoids in Breast Cancer Operated Patients Provide Evidence for the Positive Impact of a Dietary Regimen Rich in Fruit and Vegetables on Body Oxidative Stress and BC Prognostic Anthropometric Parameters: A Five-Year Study.
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Perrone A, Pintaudi AM, Traina A, Carruba G, Attanzio A, Gentile C, Tesoriere L, and Livrea MA
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- Diet, Female, Humans, Oxidative Stress, Prognosis, Time Factors, Anthropometry methods, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Carotenoids metabolism, Fruit chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Vegetables chemistry
- Abstract
Dermal carotenoids are a feasible marker of the body antioxidative network and may reveal a moderate to severe imbalance of the redox status, thereby providing indication of individual oxidative stress. In this work noninvasive Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) measurements of skin carotenoids (skin carotenoid score (SCS)) were used to provide indications of individual oxidative stress, each year for five years, in 71 breast cancer (BC) patients at high risk of recurrence. Patients' SCS has been correlated with parameters relevant to BC risk, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI), in the aim of monitoring the effect of a dietary regimen intended to positively affect BC risk factors. The RRS methodological approach in BC patients appeared from positive correlation between patients' SCS and blood level of lycopene. The level of skin carotenoids was inversely correlated with the patients' WC and BMI. At the end of the 5 y observation BC patients exhibited a significant reduction of WC and BMI and increase of SCS, when strictly adhering to the dietary regimen. In conclusion, noninvasive measurements of skin carotenoids can (i) reveal an oxidative stress condition correlated with parameters of BC risk and (ii) monitor dietary-related variations in BC patients.
- Published
- 2016
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20. Polymeric proanthocyanidins from Sicilian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut extract inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells.
- Author
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Gentile C, Allegra M, Angileri F, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, and Tesoriere L
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- Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival drug effects, Cyclooxygenase 2 biosynthesis, Cyclooxygenase 2 drug effects, Inflammation chemically induced, Mice, NF-kappa B metabolism, Nitric Oxide antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide biosynthesis, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II biosynthesis, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II drug effects, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha drug effects, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Lipopolysaccharides metabolism, Nuts chemistry, Pistacia chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Proanthocyanidins pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Positive effects of pistachio nut consumption on plasma inflammatory biomarkers have been described; however, little is known about molecular events associated with these effects., Purpose: We studied the anti-inflammatory activity of a hydrophilic extract from Sicilian Pistacia L. (HPE) in a macrophage model and investigated bioactive components relevant to the observed effects., Methods: HPE oligomer/polymer proanthocyanidin fractions were isolated by adsorbance chromatography, and components quantified as anthocyanidins after acidic hydrolysis. Isoflavones were measured by gradient elution HPLC analysis. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were pre-incubated with either HPE (1- to 20-mg fresh nut equivalents) or its isolated components for 1 h, then washed before stimulating with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Cell viability and parameters associated with Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were assayed according to established methods including ELISA, Western blot, or cytofluorimetric analysis., Results: HPE suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and inducible NO-synthase levels dose dependently, whereas inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release and decreased cyclo-oxygenase-2 content, the lower the HPE amount the higher the effect. Cytotoxic effects were not observed. HPE also caused a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species and interfered with the NF-κB activation. Polymeric proanthocyanidins, but not isoflavones, at a concentration comparable with their content in HPE, inhibited NO, PGE2, and TNF-α formation, as well as activation of IκB-α. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins showed only minor effects., Conclusions: Our results provide molecular evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of pistachio nut and indicate polymeric proanthocyanidins as the bioactive components. The mechanism may involve the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. Potential effects associated with pistachio nut consumption are discussed in terms of the proanthocyanidin bioavailability.
- Published
- 2012
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21. Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin.
- Author
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Butera D, Tesoriere L, Di Gaudio F, Bongiorno A, Allegra M, Pintaudi AM, Kohen R, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Antioxidants chemistry, Ascorbic Acid analysis, Betacyanins, Betaxanthins, Copper chemistry, Edetic Acid pharmacology, Indoles chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenols analysis, Pigments, Biological analysis, Polymers analysis, Polyphenols, Pyridines chemistry, Spectrophotometry, Antioxidants analysis, Flavonoids, Fruit chemistry, Indoles analysis, Opuntia chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Pyridines analysis
- Abstract
Sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) produce yellow, red, and white fruits, due to the combination of two betalain pigments, the purple-red betanin and the yellow-orange indicaxanthin. The betalain distribution in the three cultivars and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from edible pulp were investigated. In addition, the reducing capacity of purified betanin and indicaxanthin was measured. According to a spectrophotometric analysis, the yellow cultivar exhibited the highest amount of betalains, followed by the red and white ones. Indicaxanthin accounted for about 99% of betalains in the white fruit, while the ratio of betanin to indicaxanthin varied from 1:8 (w:w) in the yellow fruit to 2:1 (w:w) in the red one. Polyphenol pigments were negligible components only in the red fruit. When measured as 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalents per gram of pulp, the methanolic fruit extracts showed a marked antioxidant activity. Vitamin C did not account for more than 40% of the measured activity. In addition, the extracts dose-dependently inhibited the organic hydroperoxide-stimulated red cell membrane lipid oxidation, as well as the metal-dependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The extract from the white fruit showed the highest protection in all models of lipid oxidation. Purified betanin and indicaxanthin were more effective than Trolox at scavenging the [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt cation radical. Cyclic voltammetric measurements show two anodic waves for betanin and indicaxanthin, and differential pulse voltammetry shows three anodic waves for betanin, with calculated peak potentials of 404, 616, and 998 mV, and two anodic waves for indicaxanthin, with peak potentials of 611 and 895 mV. Betanin underwent complex formation through chelation with Cu(2+), whereas indicaxanthin was not modified. These findings suggest that the above betalains contribute to the antioxidant activity of prickly pear fruits.
- Published
- 2002
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22. Exposure to malondialdehyde induces an early redox unbalance preceding membrane toxicity in human erythrocytes.
- Author
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Tesoriere L, D'Arpa D, Butera D, Pintaudi AM, Allegra M, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Erythrocyte Membrane metabolism, Erythrocytes drug effects, Glucose-6-Phosphatase metabolism, Hemoglobins metabolism, Hemolysis, Humans, Methemoglobin metabolism, Oxygen metabolism, Potassium metabolism, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Time Factors, Cell Membrane drug effects, Erythrocytes metabolism, Malondialdehyde toxicity, Oxidation-Reduction
- Abstract
This work investigated the oxidative injury to human red blood cells (RBCs) by the exposure to exogenous malondialdehyde (MDA), in a physiological environment. When a 10% RBC suspension was incubated in autologous plasma, in the presence of 50 microM MDA, 30% of MDA entered into the cells. A time-course study showed that MDA caused early (30-120 min) and delayed (3-18 h) effects. MDA caused a fast depletion of reduced glutathione, and loss of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, followed by a decrease of HbO2. Accumulation of methemoglobin, and formation of small amounts of hemichrome were later evident. Also, an HbO2-derived fluorescent product was measured in the membrane. The redox unbalance was followed by structural and functional damage to the membrane, evident as the formation of conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides, concurrent with a sharp accumulation of MDA, consumption of membrane vitamin E, and egress of K+ ions. SDS--PAGE of membrane proteins showed formation of high molecular weight aggregates. In spite of the marked oxidative alterations, the incubation plasma prevented a substantial hemolysis, even after a 18 h incubation. On the contrary, the exposure of RBCs to 50 microM MDA in glucose-containing phosphate saline buffer, resulted in a 16% hemolysis within 6 h. These results indicate that the exposure to MDA causes a rapid intracellular oxidative stress and potentiates oxidative cascades on RBCs, resulting in their dysfunction.
- Published
- 2002
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23. Oxidative stress after moderate to extensive burning in humans.
- Author
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Pintaudi AM, Tesoriere L, D'Arpa N, D'Amelio L, D'Arpa D, Bongiorno A, Masellis M, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Child, Cholesterol blood, Erythrocyte Count, Erythrocytes pathology, Humans, Lipid Peroxidation, Liver pathology, Malondialdehyde blood, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Vitamin A blood, Vitamin E blood, beta Carotene blood, Burns blood, Lipid Peroxides blood, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products, lipid antioxidants, and hematologic and blood chemistry changes were evaluated in plasma of patients after acute burning injury involving 10% (n=8), 20% (n=8), and 40% (n=5) of total body surface area (TBSA), 24 h after burning (baseline) up to 30 days after. Markedly increased plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed at baseline in all patients, according to the extent of the injury, then the values declined progressively. However, levels of MDA remained above normal up to 30 days even in less injured patients. On the other hand, the plasma level of conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides was only slightly higher than control at the baseline, then dropped under the control value in all patients. Cholesterol showed a marked fall at baseline, followed by a rapidly progressive decrease, indicating a massive loss of circulating lipids by the acute thermal injury. Because of such an extensive and rapidly spreading oxidative degradation of lipids, decomposition of conjugated diene hydroperoxides, produced in early stages of the peroxidation process, occurs, so these compounds cannot be a suitable index to value lipid oxidation in burned patients. Aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation act as endotoxins, causing damage to various tissues and organs. Damage to liver and decrease of erythrocyte survival were assessed by increased plasma levels of asparate and alanine transaminases, within 7-15 days after injury, and by a decreased number of red blood cells, which remained under the normal value at 30 days. A marked decrease of lipid antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E was observed at baseline. The level of beta-carotene remained low in all patients at the end of the 30-day observation. A complete recovery of vitamin A did not occur at 30 days post-burn, even in the patients with 10% of burned TBSA. Plasma levels of vitamin E decreased significantly in 1-7 days after burn in all patients, but these levels increased thereafter, with almost total recovery at 30 days. These data show evidence of a marked, long-lasting oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in burned patients, in accordance with the severity of the injury, which is also reflected as systemic oxidant stress.
- Published
- 2000
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24. Melatonin protects human red blood cells from oxidative hemolysis: new insights into the radical-scavenging activity.
- Author
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Tesoriere L, D'Arpa D, Conti S, Giaccone V, Pintaudi AM, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Benzene Derivatives toxicity, Dimethyl Sulfoxide pharmacology, Erythrocyte Membrane drug effects, Erythrocyte Membrane metabolism, Erythrocytes metabolism, Free Radical Scavengers metabolism, Glutathione blood, Hemin metabolism, Humans, Hydroxyl Radical metabolism, In Vitro Techniques, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Mannitol pharmacology, Melatonin metabolism, Osmotic Fragility drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Erythrocytes drug effects, Free Radical Scavengers pharmacology, Hemolysis drug effects, Melatonin pharmacology
- Abstract
Antioxidant activity of melatonin in human erythrocytes, exposed to oxidative stress by cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), was investigated. CumOOH at 300 microM progressively oxidized a 1% suspension of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to 100% hemolysis in 180 min. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the membrane showed a progressive increase, as a result of the oxidative damage to membrane lipids and proteins, reaching peak values after 30 and 40 min, respectively. The membrane antioxidant vitamin E and the cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) were totally depleted in 20 min. As a consequence of the irreversible oxidative damage to hemoglobin (Hb), hemin accumulated into the RBC membrane during 40 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins showed a progressive loss of the cytoskeleton proteins and formation of low molecular weight bands and protein aggregates, with an increment of the intensity of the Hb band. Melatonin at 50 microM strongly enhanced the RBC resistance to oxidative lysis, leading to a 100% hemolysis in 330 min. Melatonin had no effect on the membrane lipid peroxidation, nor prevented the consumption of glutathione (GSH) or vitamin E. However, it completely inhibited the formation of membrane protein carbonyls for 20 min and hemin precipitation for 10 min. The electrophoretic pattern provided further evidence that melatonin delayed modifications to the membrane proteins and to Hb. In addition, RBCs incubated for 15 min with 300 microM cumOOH in the presence of 50 microM melatonin were less susceptible, when submitted to osmotic lysis, than cells incubated in its absence. Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a much more rapid consumption of melatonin during the first 10 min of incubation, then melatonin slowly decreased up to 30 min and remained stable thereafter. Equilibrium partition experiments showed that 15% of the melatonin in the incubation mixture was recovered in the RBC cytosol, and no melatonin was extracted from RBC membrane. However, 35% of the added melatonin was consumed during RBC oxidation. Hydroxyl radical trapping agents, such as dimethylsulfoxide or mannitol, added into the assay in a 1,000 times molar excess, did not vary melatonin consumption, suggesting that hydroxyl radicals were not involved in the indole consumption. Our results indicate that melatonin is actively taken up into erythrocytes under oxidative stress, and is consumed in the defence of the cell, delaying Hb denaturation and release of hemin. RBCs are highly exposed to oxygen and can be a site for radical formation, under pathological conditions, which results in their destruction. A protective role of melatonin should be explored in hemolytic diseases.
- Published
- 1999
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25. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein and atherogenetic risk in beta-thalassemia.
- Author
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Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Maggio A, D'Arpa D, Pintaudi AM, and Pedone E
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Apolipoprotein B-100, Apolipoproteins B blood, Arteriosclerosis etiology, Arteriosclerosis prevention & control, Cells, Cultured, Child, Disease Susceptibility, Ferritins blood, Fibroblasts drug effects, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary etiology, Incidence, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipoproteins, LDL blood, Lipoproteins, LDL toxicity, Malondialdehyde blood, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress, Risk, Tretinoin blood, Vitamin E blood, beta-Thalassemia complications, Arteriosclerosis epidemiology, Lipoproteins, LDL chemistry, beta-Thalassemia metabolism
- Abstract
We investigated the oxidative state of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with beta-thalassemia to determine whether there was an association with atherogenesis. Conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides (CD) and the level of major lipid antioxidants in LDL, as well as modified LDL protein, were evaluated in 35 beta-thalassemia intermedia patients, aged 10 to 60, and compared with age-matched healthy controls. Vitamin E and beta-carotene levels in LDL from patients were 45% and 24% of that observed in healthy controls, respectively. In contrast, the mean amount of LDL-CD was threefold higher and lysil residues of apo B-100 were decreased by 17%. LDL-CD in thalassemia patients showed a strong inverse correlation with LDL vitamin E (r = -0.784; P <.0001), while a negative trend was observed with LDL-beta-carotene (r = -0.443; P =.149). In the plasma of thalassemia patients, malondialdehyde (MDA), a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, was increased by about twofold, while vitamin E showed a 52% decrease versus healthy controls. LDL-CD were inversely correlated with plasma vitamin E (r = -0.659; P <.0001) and correlated positively with plasma MDA (r = 0.621; P <. 0001). Plasma ferritin was positively correlated with LDL-CD (r = 0.583; P =.0002). No correlation was found between the age of the patients and plasma MDA or LDL-CD. The LDL from thalassemia patients was cytotoxic to cultured human fibroblasts and cytotoxicity increased with the content of lipid peroxidation products. Clinical evidence of mild to severe vascular complications in nine of the patients was then matched with levels of LDL-CD, which were 36% to 118% higher than the mean levels of the patients. Our results could account for the incidence of atherogenic vascular diseases often reported in beta-thalassemia patients. We suggest that the level of plasma MDA in beta-thalassemia patients may represent a sensitive index of the oxidative status of LDL in vivo and of its potential atherogenicity.
- Published
- 1998
26. Synergistic interactions between vitamin A and vitamin E against lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
- Author
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Tesoriere L, Bongiorno A, Pintaudi AM, D'Anna R, D'Arpa D, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Drug Synergism, Phosphatidylcholines, Vitamin A chemistry, Vitamin E chemistry, Lipid Peroxidation, Liposomes, Vitamin A metabolism, Vitamin E metabolism
- Abstract
Interactions between alpha-tocopherol and all-trans retinol in suppressing lipid peroxidation were studied in a unilamellar liposomal system of phosphatidylcholine from either egg or soybean, in which peroxidation was initiated by the water-soluble azo initiator 2,2-azobis(2-amidino-propane)hydrochloride and peroxidation was measured as production of conjugated diene hydroperoxides. While all-trans retinol alone was poorly effective, the combination of all-trans retinol with alpha-tocopherol caused an inhibition period far beyond the sum of the inhibition periods observed with individual antioxidants, providing evidence of synergistic interactions. Furthermore, the inhibition rate calculated in the presence of both all-trans retinol and alpha-tocopherol, Rinh(E+A), was lower than Rinh(E) observed with alpha-tocopherol alone, suggesting that the extension of the inhibition time cannot be ascribed only to the antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol. The extent of synergism was linear with a molar ratio all-trans retinol/alpha-tocopherol ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, whereas a drop was observed at a ratio of 2.0. Synergistic antioxidant interactions between all-trans retinol and alpha-tocopherol were also evident when peroxidation was evaluated as production of malondialdehyde. A time course study, in which peroxidation of liposomes and depletion of antioxidants were concomitantly monitored, while showing that most of alpha-tocopherol was consumed to bring about the inhibition period, indicated that autooxidative reactions substantially contributed to the rapid depletion of all-trans retinol, when the antioxidants were allowed to act separately. On the other hand, when alpha-tocopherol and all-trans retinol were combined, the consumption of both antioxidants was significantly delayed, indicating reciprocal protection. Regeneration mechanisms cannot be accounted for by our results. The observed synergism between all-trans retinol and alpha-tocopherol does not appear as the result of specific structural interactions in the lipid bilayer. Combination of all-trans retinol with butylated hydroxytoluene, which reduced markedly all-trans retinol oxidation, resulted in a synergistic antioxidant activity greater than that observed with comparable amounts of alpha-tocopherol. In light of the known antioxidant mechanism of retinoids, the data suggest that by limiting autooxidation of all-trans retinol, alpha-tocopherol strongly promotes its antioxidant effectiveness. The concerted radical scavenging action in turn results in a synergistic protection of the lipid system against peroxidative stress and, ultimately, slows down the alpha-tocopherol consumption.
- Published
- 1996
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27. Contribution of vitamin A to the oxidation resistance of human low density lipoproteins.
- Author
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Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Bongiorno A, Pintaudi AM, Ciaccio M, and Riccio A
- Subjects
- Adult, Arteriosclerosis etiology, Arteriosclerosis metabolism, Arteriosclerosis prevention & control, Copper pharmacology, Diterpenes, Female, Free Radicals metabolism, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Kinetics, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Lipoproteins, LDL drug effects, Lipoproteins, LDL metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Retinyl Esters, Vitamin A analogs & derivatives, Vitamin A blood, Antioxidants pharmacology, Lipoproteins, LDL blood, Vitamin A pharmacology
- Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant contribution of vitamin A in protecting human low density lipoprotein (LDL) against copper-stimulated oxidation. The presence of small amounts of retinol (0.033 +/- 0.012 nmol/mol LDL) and retinyl palmitate (0.036 +/- 0.021 nmol/mol LDL) was routinely ascertained in the LDL. A single oral supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin A caused a two- to three-fold increase of retinol and retinyl palmitate in the LDL isolated 8 h after the supplementation. In comparison to autologous-control LDL, vitamin A-enriched LDL were more resistant to oxidation, as expressed both by a clear delay in the onset of lipid peroxidation and by a reduction of the rate of conjugated diene hydroperoxide production during the propagation phase. The calculated incremental increase in the lag phase produced by 1 mol retinol per mol LDL is about 1000 min, suggesting that retinol is more potent than alpha-tocopherol in LDL. Oxidation experiments carried out with LDL isolated from plasma incubated in vitro with either retinol or retinyl palmitate indicated that retinol does lengthen the lag phase, whereas retinyl palmitate can slow the rate of peroxyl chain propagation, without affecting the duration of the lag phase. Temporal disappearance of retinol and retinyl palmitate, followed in comparison with that of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, indicated that the reactivity of the antioxidants with lipoperoxyl radicals was in the sequence alpha-tocopherol, retinol, beta-carotene, and retinyl esters. Although the detailed antioxidant mechanism remains to be elucidated, these results suggest that LDL-associated vitamin A can play a role in maintaining the antioxidant status of LDL during oxidative stress in vivo.
- Published
- 1995
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28. Vitamin A preserves the cytotoxic activity of adriamycin while counteracting its peroxidative effects in human leukemic cells in vitro.
- Author
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Ciaccio M, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Re R, Vallesi-Cardillo S, Bongiorno A, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Humans, Kinetics, Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute, Lipid Peroxides metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cell Survival drug effects, Doxorubicin toxicity, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Vitamin A toxicity
- Abstract
Previous results from our laboratory gave evidence that safe doses of vitamin A were very effective in protecting rats from adriamycin-induced oxidative stress and lethal cardiotoxicity (Tesoriere, L. et al. (1994) J. Pharmacol. Experim. Ther. 269, 430-436). This was an incentive also to evaluate whether or not vitamin A affected the antitumor activity of adriamycin. K562 human erythroleukemia cells were exposed to adriamycin or to adriamycin plus vitamin A. Presence of 2.5 to 15 microM all-trans retinol in the cell culture did not impair the cytotoxicity of adriamycin. Rather, an enhanced cell death was observed when cell colony was exposed to both compounds. Additional assays showed that all-trans retinol counteracted the lipoperoxide formation, assayed as malondialdehyde, induced in cell cultures by the redox cycling activity of adriamycin. These data strongly encourage a new therapeuthical approach with safe doses of vitamin A as an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy.
- Published
- 1994
29. Retinoid dynamics in chicken eye during pre- and postnatal development.
- Author
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Nicotra CM, Gueli MC, de Luca G, Bono A, Pintaudi AM, and Paganini A
- Subjects
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases metabolism, Animals, Chick Embryo, Chickens growth & development, Eye chemistry, Eye growth & development, Retinaldehyde chemistry, Tretinoin chemistry, Vitamin A analysis, Eye embryology, Retinoids chemistry
- Abstract
Changes in the steady state level of retinols, retinaldehydes and retinyl esters in the trans and 11-cis forms and trans retinoic acid were measured in whole chicken eye during development from day 6 in ovo to day 3 post-hatch. These retinoids, quantified by different HPLC systems, were detected in this time sequence: trans-retinol and trans-retinyl esters in the first week in ovo, 11-cis-retinol in the second week. The highest level of 11-cis-retinaldehyde and 11-cis-retinyl esters was reached at the end of development in ovo; however, their levels increased further after hatching. The retinoic acid level decreased at the end of the first week, rising again at the end of the second week. The enzyme activities involved in the metabolism of these retinoids-acyl-CoA: retinol acyltransferase, trans-retinol dehydrogenase, 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase, trans-retinyl ester hydrolase and trans: 11-cis-retinol isomerase were also estimated and they were detectable already in the first week of development in ovo. At day 6 of the biosynthesis of retinoic acid by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase activity from retina cytosol was also shown.
- Published
- 1994
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30. Antioxidant activity of all-trans-retinol in homogeneous solution and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
- Author
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Tesoriere L, Ciaccio M, Bongiorno A, Riccio A, Pintaudi AM, and Livrea MA
- Subjects
- Amidines, Azo Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Free Radicals, Kinetics, Lipid Peroxidation, Nitriles, Solutions, Tritium, Free Radical Scavengers, Lipid Bilayers, Liposomes, Oxidants, Phosphatidylcholines chemistry, Vitamin A
- Abstract
A kinetic quantification of the lipoperoxyl radical-scavenging activity of all-trans-retinol has been carried out in homogeneous solution, when radicals were produced from the oxidation of methyl linoleate in methanol, initiated by the lipid-soluble 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) as well as in a soybean phosphatidylcholine membrane model, in which peroxidation was induced either by AMVN or the hydrophylic 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH). The physical microenvironment contributes to the determination of antioxidant efficiency of all-trans-retinol. In homogeneous solution the kinetic constant kinh is 3.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 and appears of the same order of magnitude as the inhibition constant measured for alpha-tocopherol under the same experimental conditions. Nevertheless, despite its very high chemical reactivity toward lipoperoxyl radicals, the overall antioxidant efficiency of all-trans-retinol in this system appears quite limited, since the evaluated stoichiometric factor is 0.21. When the polyenoic chain of all-trans-retinol is incorporated into a phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer, the antioxidant efficiency depends on the site of peroxyl-radical production. The highest lipoperoxyl radical-scavenging activity is measured when radicals are generated by AHVN inside the bilayer multilamellar liposomes. Under these conditions, the relative antioxidant efficiency is similar to that of alpha-tocopherol, and the stoichiometric factor is 3.1. When radicals are generated by AAPH in the aqueous phase of an unilamellar liposomal system, the antioxidant effectiveness of all-trans-retinol appears reduced and lower than that measured with equivalent amounts of alpha-tocopherol. Synergistic antioxidant effects between all-trans-retinol and alpha-tocopherol are observed when both antioxidants are simultaneously incorporated into unilamellar liposomes in which peroxidation is induced by AAPH. This suggests that all-trans-retinol may interact with tocopheroxyl radicals, thereby regenerating alpha-tocopherol. This interaction, which may be related to molecular features and to the relative location of the antioxidants in the bilayer, could provide an effective antioxidant system that may be of great importance in vivo.
- Published
- 1993
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31. Retinyl ester hydrolases in retinal pigment epithelium.
- Author
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Gueli MC, Nicotra CM, Pintaudi AM, Paganini A, Pandolfo L, De Leo G, and Di Bella MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases isolation & purification, Cattle, Cell Membrane enzymology, Cell Nucleus enzymology, Cytosol enzymology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Subcellular Fractions enzymology, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases metabolism, Pigment Epithelium of Eye enzymology
- Abstract
In bovine retinal pigment epithelium membranes we have found three hydrolases which were active against trans-retinyl palmitate. This was possible by assaying different subcellular fractions as a function of pH in the range 3-9. Detection of these activities has been favored by the use in the enzyme assay of Triton X-100, which has an activating effect up to a concentration of 0.03% at a detergent-protein ratio of about 1.5-3.0. Apparent kinetic parameters for the retinyl ester hydrolases have been determined after a study of the optimization of assay conditions. Vmax values for hydrolases acting at pH 4.5, 6.0, and 7.0 were, respectively, 156, 55, and 70 nmol/h/mg. To identify the subcellular site for these hydrolytic activities, assays of marker enzymes from various organelles in each subcellular preparation were carried out, demonstrating the lysosomal origin of the pH 4.5 retinyl ester hydrolase and the microsomal origin of the pH 6.0 retinyl ester hydrolase and suggesting that the pH 7.0 retinyl ester hydrolase originates from the Golgi complex.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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