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The lack of connectedness experienced by college students during the COVID-19 pandemic was problematic. An innovative approach undertaken in a (virtual) graduate classroom at Clemson University was the concept of team teaching. Team teaching allows a group of instructors to work together to enhance student learning. Upon course completion, students (N =57) completed a brief survey regarding their perceptions of team teaching. The scale ranged from extremely positive (1) to extremely negative (5). The sample as a whole found team teaching to be a positive experience (M =1.87, SD =0.94), felt that team teaching assisted in their learning (M =1.51, SD =0.72), and found value to having two instructors (M =1.6, SD =0.76). Overall, based on the results, team teaching is a strategy that should be considered in virtual classroom environments as it can provide students with increased support and varying perspectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic created an exigency for educators to reevaluate their approaches to the classroom with one major dimension being course modality. This study uses the Instructional Beliefs Model to examine the impacts of course modality (i.e., hybrid versus face-to-face formats) and students' communication growth mindset on student engagement in the foundational public speaking course. Consistent with pre-COVID-19 findings, the results indicated that modality does not significantly impact student engagement, with one exception: higher cognitive interest scores were reported among students in the hybrid modality. Communication growth mindset associated positively with all student engagement variables examined: student interest--emotional, student interest--cognitive, participation, and class rapport. The findings offer tentative optimism about the promise of blended public speaking course modalities, and evidence for the necessity of mindset intervention to maximize student success.

High throughput drug screening is an established approach to investigate tumor biology and identify therapeutic leads. Traditional platforms use two-dimensional cultures which do not accurately reflect the biology of human tumors. More clinically relevant model systems such as three-dimensional tumor organoids can be difficult to scale and screen. Manually seeded organoids coupled to destructive endpoint assays allow for the characterization of treatment response, but do not capture transitory changes and intra-sample heterogeneity underlying clinically observed resistance to therapy. We present a pipeline to generate bioprinted tumor organoids linked to label-free, time-resolved imaging via high-speed live cell interferometry (HSLCI) and machine learning-based quantitation of individual organoids. Bioprinting cells gives rise to 3D structures with unaltered tumor histology and gene expression profiles. HSLCI imaging in tandem with machine learning-based segmentation and classification tools enables accurate, label-free parallel mass measurements for thousands of organoids. We demonstrate that this strategy identifies organoids transiently or persistently sensitive or resistant to specific therapies, information that could be used to guide rapid therapy selection.

Abstract High throughput drug screening is an established approach to investigate tumor biology and identify therapeutic leads. Traditional platforms use two-dimensional cultures which do not accurately reflect the biology of human tumors. More clinically relevant model systems such as three-dimensional tumor organoids can be difficult to scale and screen. Manually seeded organoids coupled to destructive endpoint assays allow for the characterization of treatment response, but do not capture transitory changes and intra-sample heterogeneity underlying clinically observed resistance to therapy. We present a pipeline to generate bioprinted tumor organoids linked to label-free, time-resolved imaging via high-speed live cell interferometry (HSLCI) and machine learning-based quantitation of individual organoids. Bioprinting cells gives rise to 3D structures with unaltered tumor histology and gene expression profiles. HSLCI imaging in tandem with machine learning-based segmentation and classification tools enables accurate, label-free parallel mass measurements for thousands of organoids. We demonstrate that this strategy identifies organoids transiently or persistently sensitive or resistant to specific therapies, information that could be used to guide rapid therapy selection.

The case study is guided by Bell's critical race theory as a lens for understanding racial discrimination. Critical race theory was used at a collegiate institution that served as a representation of a larger societal pattern throughout the United States. A hypothetical university was created, and scenarios were integrated based on actual events that took place at various intercollegiate institutions across the country in recent years. Ashley Miller, the athletic director at the University of Southeast Illinois, was facing an incredible challenge after a transfer football player posted allegations of racism within the University of Southeast Illinois football program. The university hired an outside law firm to investigate the climate of the football program and the athletics department as a whole. The law firm provided a report identifying specific incidents and concerns. Students will review the findings of the law firm and provide specific recommendations to the athletics department to address the allegations of racial inequities and promote diversity and inclusion in the football program and athletics department moving forward.

Antibiotic resistance through multidrug efflux is a major hurdle in antibiotic development. Here, authors experimentally demonstrate that EmrE, a small multidrug resistance efflux pump from E. coli, can confer resistance or susceptibility depending on the small molecule substrate.

The COVID-19 pandemic created an exigency for educators to reevaluate their approaches to the classroom with one major dimension being course modality. This study uses the Instructional Beliefs Model to examine the impacts of course modality (i.e., hybrid versus face-to-face formats) and students’ communication growth mindset on student engagement in the foundational public speaking course. Consistent with pre-COVID-19 findings, the results indicated that modality does not significantly impact student engagement, with one exception: higher cognitive interest scores were reported among students in the hybrid modality. Communication growth mindset associated positively with all student engagement variables examined: student interest–emotional, student interest–cognitive, participation, and class rapport. The findings offer tentative optimism about the promise of blended public speaking course modalities, and evidence for the necessity of mindset intervention to maximize student success.

EmrE transporter effluxes cationic substrates across lipid membranes in a pH-coupled manner. Here, the authors solve the structure of ligand-bound EmrE at high pH by NMR, with insights into the transport mechanism.

Climate change and sea level rise threaten to increase the default risk of mortgages on homes in coastal areas. Faced with this reality, small coastal lenders have begun selling more climate-sensitive mortgages to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, thereby transferring the risk of climate-induced default off the lenders' books. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play a crucial role in supporting America's mortgage finance system by purchasing qualifying private home loans, packaging them into investable security pools, and guaranteeing timely payment of principal and interest to outside investors. Through selling mortgages to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, lenders can use their increased liquidity to fund additional mortgages. The effectiveness of this process, however, is dependent on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac accepting high-quality loans that carry minimal risks of default. This Note argues that absent some form of intervention, small coastal lenders will likely continue offloading their climate-induced default risk until Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac become so overleveraged that they can no longer ensure a functioning secondary mortgage market and taxpayers are forced to bail them out--akin to the 2008 financial crisis. Further, this Note seeks to frame such harmful lending behavior as a general market failure, and, more specifically, as a variation of the Lemons Problem. Using familiar solutions to the Lemons Problem as guideposts, this Note attempts to curtail the asymmetrical offloading of climate-sensitive loans through a mixture of public and private mechanisms aimed at improving the ability of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to incorporate climate risks into loan purchasing decisions., INTRODUCTION 1468 I. BACKGROUND 1471 A. Pre-Depression Mortgages 1471 B. Congressional Response 1471 C. Privatization and Securitization 1472 D. Loan Selection 1474 E. Climate Change and Coastal Communities 1476 F. [...]

In March 2020, the sports world came to a standstill as COVID-19 spread across the globe. Sport fans were among the industry stakeholders most affected. Fans turn to sports to satisfy a variety of needs [Trail, G.T. (2018). Sport consumer behavior (4th ed.). Printed by the author.] and experience psychosocial benefits by way of their fandom [Wann et al. (2000). The self-presentation of sport fans: Investigating the importance of team identification and self-esteem. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2), 198–206.; Wann et al. (2017). Testing the team identification–social psychological health model: Mediational relationships among team identification, sport fandom, sense of belonging, and meaning in life. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 21(2), 94–107.] Without games, however, to what extent were fans able to fulfill these needs? Further, did fans experience detrimental impacts to their self-esteem and sense of belongingness in relation to their team/fan communities? Data were collected via an online survey using select online NBA and MLB team message boards in addition to Amazon MTurk. Fan needs were measured using adapted versions of prior sport fan motivation scales [Trail & James (2001). The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale's psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 108–127; Wann (1995). Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 19(4), 377–396.]. Self-esteem was measured using an adapted version of Harris et al.'s [Harris et al. (2018). The Lifespan Self-Esteem scale: Initial validation of a new measure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(1), 84–95]. Lifespan Self-Esteem Scale. Belongingness was measured using four items from Malone et al.'s [Malone et al. (2012). The general Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 311–316]. General Belongingness Scale. Survey results from 417 sports fans revealed many of the needs typically met through sport consumption (i.e. achievement, drama, escape, family togetherness, social connections, group affiliation, and entertainment) went largely unmet during the pandemic. Further, highly passionate fans maintained higher perceived levels of self-esteem and belongingness than less passionate respondents. Results of this study should aid sports organizations in understanding the experience of their fans during the pandemic and better prepare teams and leagues to engage their consumers in future situations where live sports are unavailable. This paper builds on our understanding of fan motivation and psychosocial outcomes of fandom in a time when the sport was suspended due to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small multidrug resistance transporters efflux toxic compounds from bacteria and are a minimal system to understand multidrug transport. Most previous studies have focused on EmrE, the model SMR from Escherichia coli, finding that EmrE has a broader substrate profile than previously thought and that EmrE may perform multiple types of transport, resulting in substrate‐dependent resistance or susceptibility. Here, we performed a broad screen to identify potential substrates of three other SMRs: PAsmr from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; FTsmr from Francisella tularensis; and SAsmr from Staphylococcus aureus. This screen tested metabolic differences in E. coli expressing each transporter versus an inactive mutant, for a clean comparison of sequence and substrate‐specific differences in transporter function, and identified many substrates for each transporter. In general, resistance compounds were charged, and susceptibility substrates were uncharged, but hydrophobicity was not correlated with phenotype. Two resistance hits and two susceptibility hits were validated via growth assays and IC50 calculations. Susceptibility is proposed to occur via substrate‐gated proton leak, and the addition of bicarbonate antagonizes the susceptibility phenotype, consistent with this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a review of the book "Queer Democracy: Desire, Dysphoria, and the Body Politic" by Daniel D. Miller. The book explores the metaphor of the social-as-body and its implications for queer bodies in the context of democracy. It examines the influence of neoliberal capitalism on queer bodies, the relationship between queerness and governing systems, and the impact of ideology on national identity. The review praises the book's comprehensive analysis of the social-as-body metaphor and its practical implications for contemporary queer democracy. However, it also raises questions about the inclusion of bodies with varying abilities and the intersectionality of indigeneity within the conceptualization of queer democracy. The author expresses gratitude towards Kathy Denker at Ball State for their assistance and appreciation for Women & Language and the Organization for the Study of Communication, Language, and Gender (OSCLG). [Extracted from the article]

Despite the demand for sales talent in professional and intercollegiate athletics, entry-level sport sales positions continue to experience a high rate of turnover (Popp et al., 2017). While previous literature has discussed employee retention, job satisfaction, and job turnover among sport industry professionals (Pierce et al, 2014; Popp et al, 2022; Popp et al., 2019), emotional labor is one aspect of the service interaction that has not been considered. Therefore, the concept of emotional labor and the role emotion regulation strategies play in various organizational behavior outcomes of ticket sales employees was examined. Athletics ticket sales representatives from different levels of sport were interviewed and open coding was utilized to analyze the results. Similar to other customer-service contexts, the findings indicate athletics ticket sales representatives engage in emotional labor by monitoring their emotions to achieve organizational goals. Specifically, the following themes were discovered and discussed: 1) emotional expectations of the job, 2) explicit altering of emotions, 3) presence of contrasting emotions, 4) emotional exhaustion, and 5) unique emotions required in selling sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of skeletal muscle weakness following joint injury. We investigated longitudinal patient muscle samples following knee injury (anterior cruciate ligament tear). Following injury, transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of mitochondrial metabolism-related gene networks, which were supported by reduced mitochondrial respiratory flux rates. Additionally, enrichment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related pathways were upregulated in muscle following knee injury, and further investigation unveiled marked oxidative damage in a progressive manner following injury and surgical reconstruction. We then investigated whether antioxidant protection is effective in preventing muscle atrophy and weakness after knee injury in mice that overexpress Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD+/−). MnSOD+/− mice showed attenuated oxidative damage, atrophy, and muscle weakness compared to wild type littermate controls following ACL transection surgery. Taken together, our results indicate that ROS-related damage is a causative mechanism of muscle dysfunction after knee injury, and that mitochondrial antioxidant protection may hold promise as a therapeutic target to prevent weakness and development of disability. [Display omitted] • ACL injury and reconstruction reduce quadriceps muscle mitochondrial respiration. • Marked oxidative damage also occurs in muscle in a progressive manner in patients. • In a mouse ACL injury model, MnSOD overexpression prevents muscle oxidative damage. • MnSOD overexpression mitigates ACL injury-induced muscle atrophy and weakness. • Mitochondrial antioxidant protection may improve muscle function after ACL injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no national or international consensus or guideline on recommended dosing of lidocaine for airway topicalization in children. Doses quoted in the literature vary substantially. Aims: The primary aim of the study was to ascertain current international dosing practices (mg.kg−1 and concentration of solution) for lidocaine airway topicalization in children. The secondary aims included examining aftercare instructions for those receiving lidocaine airway topicalization and instances of local anesthetic systemic toxicity secondary to the use of lidocaine for airway topicalization in pediatric patients. Methods: This cross‐sectional study consisted of 11–20 questions across three domains—population demographics, clinical practice, and local anesthetic systemic toxicity. It adhered to the consensus‐based checklist for reporting of survey studies. Responses were collected over 14 weeks using a combination of probability (cluster and simple random) and nonprobability (purposive, convenience and snowball) sampling. Data were analyzed based on the response rate per question with proportions expressed as percentages and nonparametric data expressed as median (interquartile range [range]) in an effort to minimize nonresponse error. No weighting of items or propensity scoring was applied. Results: After initial exclusions, 1501 participants from 69 countries, across six continents, were included. Consultant anesthetists or those with an equivalent level of experience accounted for 1262/1501 (84.1%) of responses. Results showed heterogeneity in dosing and timing regimens and evidence that dosing may contribute to adverse outcomes. The maximum dose reported by participants who use lidocaine for airway topicalization as part of their normal practice was 5 mg.kg−1 (4–6 mg.kg−1 [0.5–50]) median (interquartile range [range]) over 2 h (1‐4 h [0–30]). Conclusion: The results support the need for further research and consensus in this area, in order to provide safe provision of lidocaine airway topicalization in children. It is hoped the results of this study can support future collaborative work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Children with difficult tracheal intubation are at increased risk of severe complications, including hypoxaemia and cardiac arrest. Increasing experience with the simultaneous use of videolaryngoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy (hybrid) in adults led us to hypothesise that this hybrid technique could be used safely and effectively in children under general anaesthesia. We reviewed observational data from the international Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry from 2017 to 2021 to assess the safety and efficacy of hybrid tracheal intubation approaches in paediatric patients. In total, 140 patients who underwent 180 attempts at tracheal intubation with the hybrid technique were propensity score‐matched 4:1 with 560 patients who underwent 800 attempts with a flexible bronchoscope. In the hybrid group, first attempt success was 70% (98/140) compared with 63% (352/560) in the flexible bronchoscope group (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.4 (0.9–2.1), p = 0.1). Eventual success rates in the matched groups were 90% (126/140) for hybrid vs. 89% (499/560) for flexible bronchoscope (1.1 (0.6–2.1), p = 0.8). Complication rates were similar in both groups (15% (28 complications in 182 attempts) hybrid; 13% (102 complications in 800 attempts) flexible bronchoscope, p = 0.3). The hybrid technique was more likely than flexible bronchoscopy to be used as a rescue technique following the failure of another technique (39% (55/140) vs. 25% (138/560), 2.1 (1.4–3.2) p < 0.001). While technically challenging, the hybrid technique has success rates similar to other advanced airway techniques, few complications and may be considered an alternative technique when developing an airway plan for paediatric patients whose tracheas are difficult to intubate under general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]