6 results on '"Pelzel AM"'
Search Results
2. Babesia equi-induced anemia in a Quarter Horse and subsequent regulatory response.
- Author
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Beard LA, Pelzel AM, Rush BR, Wright AM, Galgut BI, Hennager SG, King AO, and Traub-Dargatz JL
- Subjects
- Anemia etiology, Anemia microbiology, Animals, Babesiosis complications, Babesiosis microbiology, Horse Diseases microbiology, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Male, Running, Sports, Anemia veterinary, Babesia classification, Babesiosis veterinary, Horse Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Case Description: A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding used for unsanctioned racing was examined because of fever and anorexia., Clinical Findings: Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Results of a CBC indicated anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Results of microscopic examination of a blood smear indicated piroplasms in erythrocytes, consistent with Babesia spp. Regulatory authorities were contacted, and results of serologic testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed acute Babesia equi infection., Treatment and Outcome: Equids on the home premises of the index horse were placed under quarantine. Those equids were tested for piroplasmosis, and 6 of 63 horses had positive results for B equi. Another horse that had previously been housed on the index premises also had positive results for B equi. Competent tick vectors for piroplasmosis organisms were not identified. All 8 horses with piroplasmosis were Quarter Horses that participated in unsanctioned racing and were trained by the same person. Two of the horses were illegally removed from the index premises; these 2 horses and the other horse with piroplasmosis that was previously housed on the index premises could not be found. The other 5 horses with piroplasmosis were euthanized. Investigators concluded that transmission of B equi among horses was most likely iatrogenic., Clinical Relevance: The United States has been considered piroplasmosis free. However, veterinarians should consider piroplasmosis in horses with signalments and clinical signs similar to those of the index horse of this report. Regulatory authorities should be contacted regarding horses in which piroplasmosis is suspected.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild house mice.
- Author
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Shriner SA, VanDalen KK, Mooers NL, Ellis JW, Sullivan HJ, Root JJ, Pelzel AM, and Franklin AB
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype physiology, Male, Pregnancy, Virulence, Virus Replication, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype pathogenicity, Mice virology
- Abstract
Background: Avian influenza viruses are known to productively infect a number of mammal species, several of which are commonly found on or near poultry and gamebird farms. While control of rodent species is often used to limit avian influenza virus transmission within and among outbreak sites, few studies have investigated the potential role of these species in outbreak dynamics., Methodology/principal Findings: We trapped and sampled synanthropic mammals on a gamebird farm in Idaho, USA that had recently experienced a low pathogenic avian influenza outbreak. Six of six house mice (Mus musculus) caught on the outbreak farm were presumptively positive for antibodies to type A influenza. Consequently, we experimentally infected groups of naïve wild-caught house mice with five different low pathogenic avian influenza viruses that included three viruses derived from wild birds and two viruses derived from chickens. Virus replication was efficient in house mice inoculated with viruses derived from wild birds and more moderate for chicken-derived viruses. Mean titers (EID(50) equivalents/mL) across all lung samples from seven days of sampling (three mice/day) ranged from 10(3.89) (H3N6) to 10(5.06) (H4N6) for the wild bird viruses and 10(2.08) (H6N2) to 10(2.85) (H4N8) for the chicken-derived viruses. Interestingly, multiple regression models indicated differential replication between sexes, with significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of avian influenza RNA found in females compared with males., Conclusions/significance: Avian influenza viruses replicated efficiently in wild-caught house mice without adaptation, indicating mice may be a risk pathway for movement of avian influenza viruses on poultry and gamebird farms. Differential virus replication between males and females warrants further investigation to determine the generality of this result in avian influenza disease dynamics.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk.
- Author
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Ueti MW, Mealey RH, Kappmeyer LS, White SN, Kumpula-McWhirter N, Pelzel AM, Grause JF, Bunn TO, Schwartz A, Traub-Dargatz JL, Hendrickson A, Espy B, Guthrie AJ, Fowler WK, and Knowles DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Antiprotozoal Agents therapeutic use, Female, Horse Diseases drug therapy, Horse Diseases parasitology, Horse Diseases transmission, Horses, Imidocarb analogs & derivatives, Imidocarb therapeutic use, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Theileriasis parasitology, Theileriasis transmission, United States epidemiology, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Theileria isolation & purification, Theileriasis epidemiology
- Abstract
Arthropod-borne apicomplexan pathogens that cause asymptomatic persistent infections present a significant challenge due to their life-long transmission potential. Although anti-microbials have been used to ameliorate acute disease in animals and humans, chemotherapeutic efficacy for apicomplexan pathogen elimination from a persistently infected host and removal of transmission risk is largely unconfirmed. The recent re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in U.S. horses prompted testing whether imidocarb dipropionate was able to eliminate T. equi from naturally infected horses and remove transmission risk. Following imidocarb treatment, levels of T. equi declined from a mean of 10(4.9) organisms/ml of blood to undetectable by nested PCR in 24 of 25 naturally infected horses. Further, blood transfer from treated horses that became nested PCR negative failed to transmit to naïve splenectomized horses. Although these results were consistent with elimination of infection in 24 of 25 horses, T. equi-specific antibodies persisted in the majority of imidocarb treated horses. Imidocarb treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naïve recipient via intravenous blood transfer. However, a second round of treatment eliminated T. equi infection. These results support the utility of imidocarb chemotherapy for assistance in the control and eradication of this tick-borne pathogen. Successful imidocarb dipropionate treatment of persistently infected horses provides a tool to aid the global equine industry by removing transmission risk associated with infection and facilitating international movement of equids between endemic and non-endemic regions.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Diagnostic and epidemiologic analysis of the 2008-2010 investigation of a multi-year outbreak of contagious equine metritis in the United States.
- Author
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Erdman MM, Creekmore LH, Fox PE, Pelzel AM, Porter-Spalding BA, Aalsburg AM, Cox LK, Morningstar-Shaw BR, and Crom RL
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique veterinary, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections transmission, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases transmission, Horses, Latex Fixation Tests veterinary, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Pregnancy, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases microbiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Taylorella equigenitalis genetics, United States epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Horse Diseases microbiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases veterinary, Taylorella equigenitalis isolation & purification
- Abstract
Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a highly contagious venereal disease of horses caused by Taylorella equigenitalis. During testing for semen export purposes, a stallion in Kentucky was found to be T. equigenitalis culture positive in December of 2008. This finding triggered an extensive regulatory investigation to search for additional positive horses, determine the extent of the outbreak, identify the potential source of the outbreak, and ultimately return the United States to CEM-free status. The investigation included over 1000 horses located in 48 states. Diagnostic testing found a total of 22 stallions, 1 gelding and 5 mares culture positive for T. equigenitalis. Epidemiologic analysis indicated that all of the positive horses were linked to a single common source, most likely a Fjord stallion imported into the United States in 2000. The T. equigenitalis strain subsequently spread to other stallions via undetermined indirect mechanisms at shared breeding facilities, and to mares via artificial insemination and live breeding. This CEM outbreak and investigation represent the largest ever in the United States based on the number of exposed horses tested and their geographic distribution., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Review of the highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Texas, 2004.
- Author
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Pelzel AM, McCluskey BJ, and Scott AE
- Subjects
- Animals, Communicable Disease Control, Influenza in Birds prevention & control, Influenza in Birds transmission, Texas epidemiology, Chickens, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype pathogenicity, Influenza in Birds epidemiology
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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