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Diagnostic and epidemiologic analysis of the 2008-2010 investigation of a multi-year outbreak of contagious equine metritis in the United States.
- Source :
-
Preventive veterinary medicine [Prev Vet Med] 2011 Sep 01; Vol. 101 (3-4), pp. 219-28. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Jun 28. - Publication Year :
- 2011
-
Abstract
- Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a highly contagious venereal disease of horses caused by Taylorella equigenitalis. During testing for semen export purposes, a stallion in Kentucky was found to be T. equigenitalis culture positive in December of 2008. This finding triggered an extensive regulatory investigation to search for additional positive horses, determine the extent of the outbreak, identify the potential source of the outbreak, and ultimately return the United States to CEM-free status. The investigation included over 1000 horses located in 48 states. Diagnostic testing found a total of 22 stallions, 1 gelding and 5 mares culture positive for T. equigenitalis. Epidemiologic analysis indicated that all of the positive horses were linked to a single common source, most likely a Fjord stallion imported into the United States in 2000. The T. equigenitalis strain subsequently spread to other stallions via undetermined indirect mechanisms at shared breeding facilities, and to mares via artificial insemination and live breeding. This CEM outbreak and investigation represent the largest ever in the United States based on the number of exposed horses tested and their geographic distribution.<br /> (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
DNA, Bacterial chemistry
DNA, Bacterial genetics
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique veterinary
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections transmission
Horse Diseases diagnosis
Horse Diseases transmission
Horses
Latex Fixation Tests veterinary
Male
Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary
Pregnancy
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S chemistry
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Sexually Transmitted Diseases microbiology
Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission
Taylorella equigenitalis genetics
United States epidemiology
Disease Outbreaks veterinary
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections veterinary
Horse Diseases epidemiology
Horse Diseases microbiology
Sexually Transmitted Diseases veterinary
Taylorella equigenitalis isolation & purification
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-1716
- Volume :
- 101
- Issue :
- 3-4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Preventive veterinary medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21715032
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.05.015