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Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize the self‐management theory, model and frameworks of patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on construction process, methods and existing problems. Background: Although the self‐management theories have been created and verified for those patients with chronic heart failure, no reviews have been performed to integrate these theories. Design: A scoping review of recent literature (without a date limit) was conducted. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. If the study reported the construction of a self‐management theory, model or framework about chronic heart failure cases, it would be included in the review. Results: Fourteen studies were included, which could be categorized into situation‐specific theory, middle‐range theory and other theory models (including conceptual model, hypothetic regression model and identity description model). It also includes the update and validation of theories, the situation‐specific theoretical of caregiver contributions extended from situation‐specific theories and the nurse‐led situation‐specific theory in different contexts. Conclusion: Self‐management might contribute to start an education programme before patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) begin their chronic disease live as an individual. Our scoping review indicates that a series of self‐management theories, models and frameworks for CHF patients have been developed, but more studies are still needed to validate and support these theories according to their cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the value of peritoneoscopy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in the diagnosis of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis., Methods: A total of 32 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were diagnosed by histological examination of biopsies at our hospital from April 2007 to October 2010. Their data of clinical manifestations, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ascitic cytology and transgastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Among them, gastrointestinal cancers were diagnosed by digestive endoscopy in 9 cases (28.1%). And ovarian lesions in 8 cases (25.0%), pancreatic cancer in 2 cases (6.3%), primary liver cancer in 2 cases (6.3%) and bile duct carcinoma in 1 case (3.1%) were suspected according to imaging examinations. No peritoneal carcinomatosis was found by digestive endoscopy or imaging examinations. Ascitic cytology was positive in 6 cases (18.8%). Peritoneal carcinomatosis was diagnosed by transgastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES with histological examination of biopsies in all patients. Their findings of transgastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES were divided into 5 types, i.e., mass type (n = 3, 9.4%), nodular type (n = 5, 15.6%), ulcerative type (n = 1, 3.1%), omentum-embracing type (n = 1, 3.1%) and mixture type (n = 22, 68.8%)., Conclusion: Transgastric peritoneoscopy via NOTES with histological examination of biopsies has important value in the pathologic diagnosis and the endoscopic typing of peritoneal carcinomatosis.