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Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) injury. However, their functional role in necroptosis-induced loss of cardiomyocytes remains unclear. We identified a cardiac necroptosis-associated circRNA transcribed from the Cacna1c gene (circCacna1c) to investigate the involvement of circRNAs in cardiomyocyte necroptosis. Methods To investigate the role of circCacna1c during oxidative stress, H9c2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cardiomyocyte death. The N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level of circCacna1c was determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP–qPCR) analysis. Additionally, an RNA pull-down assay was performed to identify interacting proteins of circCacna1c in cardiomyocytes, and the regulatory role of circCacna1c in target protein expression was tested using a western blotting assay. Furthermore, the MI mouse model was constructed to analyze the effect of circCacna1c on heart function and cardiomyocyte necroptosis. Results The expression of circCacna1c was found to be reduced in cardiomyocytes exposed to oxidative stress and in mouse hearts injured by MI. Overexpression of circCacna1c inhibited necroptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide and MI injury, resulting in a significant reduction in myocardial infarction size and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, circCacna1c directly interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (Hnrnpf) in the cytoplasm, preventing its nuclear translocation and leading to reduced Hnrnpf levels within the nucleus. This subsequently suppresses Hnrnpf-dependent receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) expression. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) mediates demethylation of m6A modification on circCacna1c during necrosis and facilitates degradation of circCacna1c. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that circCacna1c can improve cardiac function following MI-induced heart injury by inhibiting the Hnrnpf/RIPK1-mediated cardiomyocyte necroptosis. Therefore, the FTO/circCacna1c/Hnrnpf/RIPK1 axis holds great potential as an effective target for attenuating cardiac injury caused by necroptosis in ischemic heart disease. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD). Some reports suggest that it has a drug-related pathogenesis especially anti-hypertensive drug. Case presentation A 67-year-old man with a 7-year history of essential hypertension was prescribed enalapril maleate for 5 months. He presented at our department with pain, ulcers, and blisters on the oral mucosa. We performed clinical, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence examinations, and findings were consistent with the diagnostic criteria for MMP. Consequently, we consulted with the cardiovascular physician and agreed to discontinue the enalapril maleate replacing it with irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide tablets and topical corticosteroid therapies instead. The lesions healed without recurrence. Conclusions ABID induced by antihypertensive drugs have been reported, and enalapril maleate has been implicated as an antihypertensive agent that may trigger AIBDs, such as MMP. This case highlights the potential relationship between antihypertensive drugs and MMP, of which clinicians should be aware to accurately diagnose and promptly relieve patients’ pain.

Biomaterials play an integral role in treatment of external auditory canal (EAC) diseases. Regarding the special anatomic structure and physiological characteristics of EAC, careful selection of applicable biomaterials was essential step towards effective management of EAC conditions. The bioactive materials can provide reasonable biocompatibility, reduce risk of host pro-inflammatory response and immune rejection, and promote the healing process. In therapeutic procedure, biomaterials were employed for covering or packing the wound, protection of the damaged tissue, and maintaining of normal structures and functions of the EAC. Therefore, understanding and application of biomaterials was key to obtaining great rehabilitation in therapy of EAC diseases. In clinical practice, biomaterials were recognized as an important part in the treatment of different EAC diseases. The choice of biomaterials was distinct according to the requirements of various diseases. As a result, awareness of property regarding different biomaterials was fundamental for appropriate selection of therapeutic substances in different EAC diseases. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of EAC structures and physiology, and EAC pathologies were summarized secondarily. From the viewpoint of biomaterials, the different materials applied to individual diseases were outlined in categories. Besides, the underlying future of therapeutic EAC biomaterials was discussed.

Abstract Background Pulp stones are a type of pulp calcification, the presence of which tends to hinder endodontic treatment. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to analyze the distribution of pulp stones in the population in southwest China and identify the influencing factors. Materials Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 5066 teeth of 200 patients (91 males and 109 females) aged 16–45 years were evaluated. Pulp stones were marked as either present or absent when distinct radiopaque masses were found in the pulp cavity, then evaluated the occurrence of pulp stones with regard to tooth type, sex, age group, and contact it with tooth status. The Pearson chi-square test and nonparametric test were used for statistical analysis. Results Pulp stones were detected in 49.0% of patients and 7.4% of teeth, respectively. The incidence in females was 1.9 times higher than in males (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.3, p = 0.001). Pulp stones were most prevalent in patients 36–45 years of age. Furthermore, in the age range of 16–45 years, the likelihood of finding pulp stones increased 1.1 times per year with age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.1, p = 0.032). A higher incidence of pulp stones was observed in the maxilla and molars. Of the 5066 teeth studied, pulp stones were more common in non-intact teeth. Conclusion Nearly half of the population in southwest China had pulp stones. Pulp stones were found significantly more often in females, maxilla, and non-intact teeth, and their frequency increased with age. For dentists, understanding the distribution of pulp stones is crucial for the proper design of root canal treatment (RCT). Trial registration This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University (certificate number: 20220818001).

Abstract In order to predict the damage behaviours of 3D-printed continuous carbon fibre (CCF) reinforced composites, when additional short carbon fibre (SCF) composite components are employed for continuous printing or special functionality, a novel path-dependent progressive failure (PDPF) numerical approach is developed. First, a progressive failure model using Hashin failure criteria with continuum damage mechanics to account for the damage initiation and evaluation of 3D-printed CCF reinforced polyamide (PA) composites is developed, based on actual fibre placement trajectories with physical measurements of 3D-printed CCF/PA constituents. Meanwhile, an elastic-plastic model is employed to predict the plastic damage behaviours of SCF/PA parts. Then, the accuracy of the PDPF model was validated so as to study 3D-printed CCF/PA composites with either negative Poisson’s ratio or high stiffness. The results demonstrate that the proposed PDPF model can achieve higher prediction accuracies in mechanical properties of these 3D-printed CCF/PA composites. Mechanism analyses show that the stress distribution is generally aggregated in the CCF areas along the fibre placement paths, and the shear damage and matrix tensile/compressive damage are the key damage modes. This study provides a new approach with valuable information for characterising complex 3D-printed continuous fibre-matrix composites with variable mechanical properties and multiple constituents.

Background Fagopyrum dibotrys is an important wild food and feed germplasm resource. It has high nutritional and medicinal value and is rich in natural products, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi in F. dibotrys have emerged as valuable sources of natural products. However, studies on the biological activity and chemical composition of these endophytic fungi remain limited. Methods In this paper, a new method to obtain natural active ingredients by fermentation of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants was proposed. Then the antioxidant and pathogenic activities of the endophytic fungi extracts were determined in vitro. In addition, secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi with medicinal activity were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results Among the 95 endophytic fungal strains in F. dibotrys, four strains with high phenol yields were selected by reaction: Alternaria alstroemeriae (J2), Fusarium oxysporum (J15), Colletotrichum karsti (J74), and Colletotrichum boninense (J61). Compared with those of various extracts, the ethyl acetate fractions of A. alstroemeriae (J2), F. oxysporum (J15), and C. boninense (J61) exhibited superior antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The results indicated that the fungal extract was an excellent natural antioxidant and might be a potential antibacterial agent. The DPPH free radical clearance of A. alstroemeriae was 94.96 ± 0.004%. These findings indicated that A. alstroemeriae had strong antioxidant activity. In addition, the extract of A. alstroemeriae had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of 0.5 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from A. alstroemeriae were further analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). We noted that A. alstroemeriae can create a variety of medicinal substances that have high value in medicine, such as caffeic acid (884.75 ng/mL), 3-phenyllactic acid (240.72 ng/mL) and norlichexanthone (74.36 ng/mL). Discussion In summary, many valuable active substances and medicinal substances can be obtained through the study of endophytic fungi of F. dibotrys.

Bone metastasis is a debilitating complication that frequently occurs in the advanced stages of breast cancer. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the bone metastasis remain unclear. Here, we elucidate how bone metastasis arises from tumor cells that detach from the primary lesions and infiltrate into the surrounding tissue, as well as how these cells disseminate to distant sites. Specifically, we elaborate how tumor cells preferentially grow within the bone micro-environment and interact with bone cells to facilitate bone destruction, characterized as osteoclastic bone metastasis, as well as new bone matrix deposition, characterized as osteoblastic bone metastasis. We also updated the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone metastasis and reasons for relapse in breast cancer, and also opportunities of developing novel diagnostic approaches and treatment.

In recent years, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has garnered significant attention as a severe cerebrovascular disorder. To enhance the accuracy of ICH detection and segmentation, this study proposed an improved fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm and performed a comparative analysis with both traditional FCM and advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. Experiments conducted on the publicly available CT-ICH dataset evaluated the performance of these three algorithms in predicting ICH volume. The results demonstrated that the improved FCM algorithm offered notable improvements in computational time and resource consumption compared to the traditional FCM algorithm, while also showing enhanced accuracy. However, it still lagged behind the CNN algorithm in areas such as feature extraction, model generalization, and the ability to handle complex image structures. The study concluded with a discussion of potential directions for further optimizing the FCM algorithm, aiming to bridge the performance gap with CNN algorithms and provide a reference for future research in medical image processing.

Cyclodextrins are used to include curcumin to form complex, which is subsequently loaded into a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive hydrogel (Cur gel). This gel exhibits a dual ROS scavenging effect. The gel can neutralize extracellular ROS to lead to a ROS-sensitive curcumin release. The released curcumin complex can eliminate intracellular ROS. Furthermore, the Cur gel effectively downregulates the expression of CD16 and IL-1β while upregulating CD206 and TGF-β in oxygen and glucose-deprived (OGD) BV2 cells. Additionally, it restores the expression of synaptophysin and PSD95 in OGD N2a cells. Upon injection into the stroke cavity, the Cur gel reduces CD16 expression and increases CD206 expression in the peri-infarct area of stroke mice, indicating an in vivo anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia. Colocalization studies using PSD95 and VGlut-1 stains, along with Golgi staining, reveal enhanced neuroplasticity. As a result, stroke mice treated with the Cur gel exhibit the most significant motor function recovery. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the released curcumin complex scavenges ROS and suppresses the activation of the ROS-NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to lead to anti-inflammatory microglia polarization. Consequently, the Cur gel exhibits promising potential for promoting post-stroke rehabilitation in clinics.

Objective Based on the basic functions of ATO (automatic train operation) and TCMS (train control and monitoring system), adopting an integrated design approach can simplify repititive designs and optimize train control functions, thus it is necessary to carry out relevant research. Method By comprehensively analyzing the functions and applications of ATO and TCMS in urban rail transit at the present stage, the integration of ATO and TCMS control functions is studied. A design scheme for integrated train systems with improved control functions is proposed, and the advantages brought by functional integration are analyzed. Result & Conclusion After integrating ATO and TCMS functions, the system integration of trains can be enhanced, making it easier to achieve intelligence. However, challenges in technology and management need to be overcome.

As major forming elements of γ′ strengthening phase, Al and Ti are critical for achieving superior properties of Ni-based superalloy. However, Al + Ti over 6 wt% leads to poor printability and cracking during additive manufacturing. In this work, the printability and properties of a nickel-based superalloy with Al + Ti reaching 7 wt% is synchronously improved via alloying minor Sc, the mechanism behind that is revealed by investigating the effects of Sc on the grain size, precipitation, and tensile fracture behavior of that nickel-based superalloy. This work provides a promising alternative method for optimizing the performance of superalloys prepared by additive manufacturing.

Abstract Background Drug addiction is a serious problem worldwide and is influenced by genetic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the association between genetics and drug addiction among Han Chinese. Methods A total of 1000 Chinese users of illicit drugs and 9693 healthy controls were enrolled and underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and haplotype-based association analyses via whole-genome genotyping. Results Both single-SNP and haplotype tests revealed associations between illicit drug use and several immune-related genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (SNP association: log10BF = 15.135, p = 1.054e-18; haplotype association: log10BF = 20.925, p = 2.065e-24). These genes may affect the risk of drug addiction via modulation of the neuroimmune system. The single-SNP test exclusively reported genome-wide significant associations between rs3782886 (SNP association: log10BF = 8.726, p = 4.842e-11) in BRAP and rs671 (SNP association: log10BF = 7.406, p = 9.333e-10) in ALDH2 and drug addiction. The haplotype test exclusively reported a genome-wide significant association (haplotype association: log10BF = 7.607, p = 3.342e-11) between a region with allelic heterogeneity on chromosome 22 and drug addiction, which may be involved in the pathway of vitamin B12 transport and metabolism, indicating a causal link between lower vitamin B12 levels and methamphetamine addiction. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into risk-modeling and the prevention and treatment of methamphetamine and heroin dependence, which may further contribute to potential novel therapeutic approaches.

Abstract Background The benefits of physical activity for the overall well-being of elderly individuals are well-established, the precise mechanisms through which exercise improves pathological changes in the aging lens have yet to be fully understood. Methods 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice comprised young sedentary (YS) group, while aging mice (18-month-old) were divided into aging sedentary (AS) group and aging exercising (AE) group. Mice in AE groups underwent sequential stages of swimming exercise. H&E staining was employed to observe alterations in lens morphology. RNA-seq analysis was utilized to examine transcriptomic changes. Furthermore, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were employed for validation of the results. Results AE group showed alleviation of histopathological aging changes in AS group. By GSEA analysis of the transcriptomic changes, swimming exercise significantly downregulated approximately half of the pathways that underwent alterations upon aging, where notable improvements were ‘calcium signaling pathway’, ‘neuroactive ligand receptor interaction’ and ‘cell adhesion molecules’. Furthermore, we revealed a total of 92 differentially expressed genes between the YS and AS groups, of which 10 genes were observed to be mitigated by swimming exercise. The result of qPCR was in consistent with the transcriptome data. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis on Ciart, which was of particular interest due to its dual association as a common aging gene and its significant responsiveness to exercise. The Protein-protein Interaction network of Ciart showed the involvement of the regulation of Rorb and Sptbn5 during the process. Conclusion The known benefits of exercise could extend to the aging lens and support further investigation into the specific roles of Ciart-related pathways in aging lens.

Background: Photodynamic therapy is garnering increasing attention in oral science. Despite its promising potential, further exploration is warranted to delve into the research paradigms and evolving trends within oral science. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of photodynamic therapy in oral science (PDTOS), investigating research landscapes, identifying key contributors, analyzing collaborative networks, pinpointing emerging research directions, and exploring factors influencing high citations. Methods: Research and review articles in PDTOS were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database up to December 31, 2023. The R package ''bibliometrix'' and VOSviewer were utilized for visualizing collaboration networks and keyword co-occurrence, alongside trend analysis. Negative binomial regression was used to model factors affecting citation counts. Results: A total of 2784 articles with significant international collaboration (23.14 %) were analyzed. Brazil, China, the USA, Iran, and Italy led in publications, with predominant USA-European collaborations. The University of Sao Paulo in Brazil was the most published institution in the field. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy was the core journal in the field and has the highest number of publications. The main research fields included photodynamic therapy, antibacterial and anticancer treatment, management, and peri‑implant periodontitis, with a recent focus on peri‑implantitis. Factors such as international cooperation, funding, article age, type, author count, and references significantly influenced citations. Conclusions: This research provided valuable insights into PDTOS trends and knowledge structures. These findings underscored a significant increase in the number of PDTOS publications, urging strengthened international cooperation. Emerging research has focused on peri‑implantitis and nano-photosensitizer materials. Authors should consider various citation-related factors in their research endeavors.

Sludge bulking caused by filamentous bacteria is a prevalent issue in wastewater treatment systems. While previous studies have primarily concentrated on controlling sludge bulking, the biological risks associated with it have been overlooked. This study demonstrates that excessive growth of filamentous bacteria during sludge bulking can significantly increase the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in activated sludge. Through metagenomic analysis, we identified specific ARGs carried by filamentous bacteria, such as Sphaerotilus and Thiothrix, which are responsible for bulking. Additionally, by examining over 1,000 filamentous bacterial genomes, we discovered a diverse array of ARGs across different filamentous bacteria derived from wastewater treatment systems. Our findings indicate that 74.84% of the filamentous bacteria harbor at least one ARG, with the occurrence frequency of ARGs in these bacteria being approximately 1.5 times higher than that in the overall bacterial population in activated sludge. Furthermore, genomic and metagenomic analyses have shown that the ARGs in filamentous bacteria are closely linked to mobile genetic elements and are frequently found in potentially pathogenic bacteria, highlighting potential risks posed by these filamentous bacteria. These insights enhance our understanding of ARGs in activated sludge and underscore the importance of risk management in wastewater treatment systems.

ABSTRACT Prevotella copri is the dominant species of the Prevotella genus in the gut, which is genomically heterogeneous and difficult to isolate; hence, scarce research was carried out for this species. This study aimed to investigate the effect of P. copri on hyperglycemia. Thirty-nine strains were isolated from healthy individuals, and three strains (HF2123, HF1478, and HF2130) that had the highest glucose consumption were selected to evaluate the effects of P. copri supplementation on hyperglycemia. Microbiomics and non-target metabolomics were used to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Oral administration of P. copri in diabetic db/db mice increased the expression and secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), significantly improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation, and alleviated the pathological morphology in the pancreas, liver, and colon. P. copri changed the composition of the gut microbiota of diabetic db/db mice, which was characterized by increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of genera Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Faecalibacterium. After intervention with P. copri, fecal metabolic profiling showed that fumaric acid and homocysteine contents decreased, and glutamine contents increased. Furthermore, amino acid metabolism and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways were enriched. Our findings indicate that P. copri improved glucose metabolism abnormalities in diabetic db/db mice. Especially, one of the P. copri strains, HF2130, has shown superior performance in improving hyperglycemia, which may have the potential as a probiotic against hyperglycemia.IMPORTANCEAs a core member of the human intestinal ecosystem, Prevotelal copri has been associated with glucose metabolic homeostasis in previous studies. However, these results have often been derived from metagenomic studies, and the experimental studies have been based solely on the type of strain DSM 18205T. Therefore, more experimental evidence from additional isolates is needed to validate the results according to their high genomic heterogeneity. In this study, we isolated different branches of strains and demonstrated that P. copri could improve the metabolic profile of hyperglycemic mice by modulating microbial activity. This finding supports the causal contribution of P. copri in host glucose metabolism.

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the involvement of aberrant BMP8A expression in TNBC and bone metastasis.MethodsAberrant expression of BMP8A in breast cancer was first determined by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort (TCGA-BRCA) and an immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of BMP8A in a breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA). Clinical relevance of deregulated BMP8A in breast cancer was assessed using Kaplan-Meier online analysis. The influence of BMP8A on cellular functions of two TNBC cell lines was assessed using in vitro assays. Conditional medium (CM) collected from the supernatant of hFOB cells and bone matrix extract (BME) was applied to mimic the bone micro-environment to evaluate the role played by BMP8A in bone metastasis. Correlations with both osteolytic and osteoblastic markers were evaluated in the TCGA-BRCA cohort. Expression of certain responsive genes was quantified in the BMP8A overexpression cell lines. Additionally, signal transduction through both Smad-dependent and independent pathways was evaluated using Western blot assay.ResultsCompared to the adjacent normal tissues, BMP8A expression was significantly increased in primary tumors (p < 0.05) which was associated with shorter distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) in TNBC (p < 0.05). BMP8A was observed to enhance cell invasion and migration within TNBC cells. In the simulated bone milieu, both MDA-MB-231BMP8Aexp and BT549BMP8Aexp cells presented enhanced invasiveness. BMP8A level was strongly correlated with most osteolytic and osteoblastic markers, suggesting the potential involvement of BMP8A in bone metastasis in TNBC. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression was significantly increased in BMP8A overexpressed triple-negative cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and BT549). Furthermore, enhanced phosphorylation of Smad3 and increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing BMP8A.ConclusionBMP8A was upregulated in TNBC which was associated with poorer DMFS. BMP8A overexpression enhanced the invasion and migration of TNBC cells. With a putative role in osteolytic bone metastasis in TNBC, BMP8A represents a promising candidate for further investigation into its therapeutic potential.

Summary: Direct and stable conversion of CO2 to aromatics (CTA) is an attractive route for reducing CO2 emissions. However, due to the chemical inertness of CO2, direct CTA reaction with high aromatics selectivity is still challenging. In this work, a tandem catalyst Zn0.1Ti0.9Ox/HZSM-5 with appropriate density and strength of acid sites exhibits a high aromatics selectivity of 67.2% and long-term stability over 100 h. Furthermore, the total selectivity of benzene, toluene, and xylene achieves 24.1% over Zn0.1Ti0.9Ox/HZSM-5 with a modified hydrophilic surface. In addition, the CTA via the formate route has been determined in this reaction system.

Wind power exhibits low controllability and is situated in dispersed geographical locations, presenting complex coupling and aggregation characteristics in both temporal and spatial dimensions. When large-scale wind power is integrated into the power grid, it will bring a significant technical challenge: the highly variable nature of wind power poses a threat to the safe and stable control of the power, frequency, and voltage in the power system. Simultaneously, the model predictive control (MPC) technology provides more opportunities for investigating control issues related to large-scale wind power integration in power systems. This paper provides a timely and systematic overview of the applications of MPC in the field of wind power for the first time, innovatively embedding MPC technology into multi-level (e.g., wind turbines, wind farms, wind power cluster, and power grids) and multi-objective (e.g., power, frequency, and voltage) control. Firstly, the basic concept and classification criteria of MPC are developed, and the available modeling methods in wind power are carefully compared. Secondly, the application scenarios of MPC in multi-level and multi-objective wind power control are summarized. Finally, how to use a variety of optimization algorithms to solve these models is discussed. Based on the broad review above, we summarize several key scientific issues related to predictive control and discuss the challenges and future development directions in detail. This paper details the role of MPC technology in multi-level and multi-objective control within the wind power sector, aiming to help engineers and scientists understand its substantial potential in wind power integration in power systems.

Abstract Thermal protective textiles are crucial for safeguarding individuals, particularly firefighters and steelworkers, against extreme heat, and for preventing burn injuries. However, traditional firefighting gear suffers from statically fixed thermal insulation properties, potentially resulting in overheating and discomfort in moderate conditions, and insufficient protection in extreme fire events. Herein, an innovative soft robotic textile is developed for dynamically adaptive thermal management, providing superior personal protection and thermal comfort across a spectrum of environmental temperatures. This unique textile features a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐sealed actuation system, embedded with a low boiling point fluid for reversible phase transition, resembling an endoskeleton that triggers an expansion within the textile matrix for enhanced air gap and thermal insulation. The thermal resistance improves automatically from 0.23 to 0.48 Km2 W−1 by self‐actuating under intense heat, exceeding conventional textiles by maintaining over 10 °C cooler temperatures. Additionally, the knitted substrate incorporated into the soft actuators can substantially mitigate convective heat transfer, as evidenced by the thermal resistance tests and the temperature mapping derived from numerical simulations. Moreover, it boasts significantly increased moisture permeability. The thermoadaptation and breathability of this durable all‐fabric system signify considerable progress in the development of protective clothing with high comfort for dynamic and extreme temperature conditions.

Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) is a crucial substance for discovering new triterpenoids to address hyperlipidemia and obesity. Currently, approximately 120 triterpenoids have been identified in AR, making the discovery of new triterpenoids increasingly challenging. Thus, based on the advantages of HPLC-HRMS, it was utilized to identify both reported and new triterpenoids, and then in-silico analysis was employed to predict the functions of these new triterpenoids. Twenty reported triterpenoids and four new triterpenoids (25-methoxy-16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A, 25-methoxy-16-oxo-alisol A, 25-methoxy-16-oxo-alisol A 23-acetate, and 25-methoxy-16-oxo-alisol A 24-acetate) from AR were identified using HPLC-HRMS, and then KEGG analysis suggested four new triterpenoids might be activated the PPAR signaling pathway to relieve hyperlipemia. The results of PPI and molecular docking indicated PPARA might be the key targets for anti-hyperlipidemia of four new triterpenoids, of which 25-methoxy-16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A has better binding activity with PPARA. Additionally, 25-methoxy-16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A has more potential as a candidate drug because of its better absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and lower toxicity. Hence, our findings proved there are new triterpenoids with anti-hyperlipidemia medicinal potential in AR, thereby guiding the direction of future works and reducing the consumption of time and financial resources.

Objective Heel fractures need extensive surgical incisions and are challenging to successfully reposition using traditional prying. The goal of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of using a Kirschner pin‐guided distractor to treat inversion shortening calcaneal fractures in the “out‐in” position. Methods A total of 40 data from 37 patients with inversion shortened calcaneal fractures from January 2018 to March 2020 were reviewed. Preoperative lateral and axial X‐rays and 3D CT were taken to assess the fracture type, and minimally invasive internal fixation was performed in the “out‐in” position with distractor repositioning, and intraoperative and postoperative images were taken to assess fracture repositioning and fixation. During the follow‐up period, the postoperative functional recovery status was assessed using the VAS score, AOFAS score, and FAOS score. Paired‐samples t‐test was used for all data comparisons. Results All cases received a mean follow‐up of 28.49 ± 3.25 months, and the mean fracture healing time was 7.84 ± 0.71 weeks. The postoperative images showed well‐fixed fracture repositioning, and calcaneal height, length, width, and inversion angles were significantly improved. At the final follow‐up, the calcaneal height, length, and width recovered from 39.35 ± 4.44mm, 79.35 ± 2.7mm, and 45.75 ± 2.87mm preoperatively to 50.93 ± 3.18mm, 82.23 ± 1.90mm, and 39.67 ± 1.58mm postoperatively (p

As an effective means of structural vibration suppression, piezoelectric actuator vibration suppression system(PAVSS) has been gradually applied in structural vibration control. However, the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator under long service life will lead to the degradation of service reliability of PAVSS, so the scheme obtained by deterministic optimization method is difficult to ensure the service reliability. Aiming at the reliability evaluation and optimal design of PAVSS in service, the failure mechanism considering of the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator is analyzed, and the reliability evaluation method based on nested sampling and weighted statistics is constructed, which solves the reliability evaluation problem of PAVSS with the characteristics of load-sharing and redundancy. A reliability-based optimization method based on master-slave parallel genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the position and angle of the actuators. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are proved by an example, which not only provides a theoretical basis for the high reliability design of PAVSS in service, but also provides a new solution for the engineering problem of structural vibration control.

The Permian Qipan Formation (P1-2q) is the aim horizon for hydrocarbon source rocks in the piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin. In the present study, the depositional environment and geochemical characteristics of muddy hydrocarbon source rocks of P1-2q were systematically evaluated using total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro), reflected light microscopy, main and trace element, and biomarker parameters of 167 outcrop samples and 176 core samples. The TOC of P1-2q is primarily concentrated within the range of 0.36% to 2.77%, with an average of 1.58%. This suggests that the overall evaluation of the hydrocarbon source rock is fair to good. The source rocks of P1-2q predominately contain Type III and Type II2 kerogen. The overall Tmax values of P1-2q hydrocarbon source rocks are notably elevated, with the majority exceeding 490 °C or falling between 455 °C and 490 °C. The Ro value is between 0.90% and 2.00%, indicating that the maturity has reached a high, over-mature evolutionary stage. The trace element and biomarker parameters indicate that hydrocarbon source rocks of P1-2q are predominantly slightly oxygen-rich, with a minor anoxic component. The asymmetric ‘V’ arrangement of the C27-C29 regular steranes indicates that the hydrocarbon parent material is predominantly derived from algae or aquatic organisms, with varying degrees of mixing with organic matter of terrestrial origin. The study of source rock geochemistry of the P1-2q makes the exploration target of the southwest depression of the Tarim Basin more accurate in the complex tectonic geological environment.

Background and purposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by core features in social communication impairment and restricted, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. This study aimed to further investigate the utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in children with ASD, both with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, evaluate the effect of FMT and analyze the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition within the gut microbiota.MethodsA total of 38 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and underwent oral lyophilized FMT treatment. The dosage of the FMT treatment was determined based on a ratio of 1 g of donor stool per 1 kg of recipient body weight, with a frequency of once every 4 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. In addition, 30 healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. The clinical efficacy of FMT was evaluated, while the composition of fecal bacteria and fungi was determined using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing methods.ResultsMedian age of the 38 children with ASD was 7 years. Among these children, 84.2% (32 of 38) were boys and 81.6% (31 of 38) exhibited GI symptoms, with indigestion, constipation and diarrhea being the most common symptoms. Sample collections and assessments were conducted at baseline (week 0), post-treatment (week 12) and follow-up (week 20). At the end of the follow-up phase after FMT treatment, the autism behavior checklist (ABC) scores decreased by 23% from baseline, and there was a 10% reduction in scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), a 6% reduction in scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS) and a 10% reduction in scores on the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). In addition, short-term adverse events observed included vomiting and fever in 2 participants, which were self-limiting and resolved within 24 h, and no long-term adverse events were observed. Although there was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity in children with ASD before and after FMT therapy, the FMT treatment resulted in alterations in the relative abundances of various bacterial and fungal genera in the samples of ASD patients. Comparisons between children with ASD and healthy controls (HC) revealed statistically significant differences in microbial abundance before and after FMT. Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium were more abundant in children with ASD than in HC, while Dorea were less abundant. After FMT treatment, levels of Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium decreased, while levels of Dorea increased. Moreover, the increased abundances of Fusicatenibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Cutaneotrichosporon and Zygosaccharomyces were negatively correlated with the scores of ASD core symptoms.ConclusionsOral lyophilized FMT could improve GI and ASD related symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, and alter the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in children with ASD.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055943. Registered 28 January 2022, www.chictr.org.cn.

To minimize the global pandemic COVID-19 spread, understanding the possible transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of novel antiviral drugs are necessary. We describe here that the virus can infect ocular surface limbal epithelial, but not other regions. Limbal supports wild type and mutant SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication depending on ACE2, TMPRSS2 and possibly other receptors, resulting in slight CPE and arising IL-6 secretion, which symbolizes conjunctivitis in clinical symptoms. With this limbal model, we have screened two natural product libraries and discovered several unreported drugs. Our data reveal important commonalities between COVID-19 and ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2, and establish an ideal cell model for drug screening and mechanism research.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lyophyllum decastes β-glucan (LDBG) in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male C57BL/6 mice, focusing on fecal gut microbiota (GM) and plasma metabolomics. LDBG treatment led to a reduction in body weight and an improvement in dyslipidemia in the HFD-fed mice. Additionally, LDBG decreased pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in liver and abdominal adipose tissue and lowered lipopolysaccharide and leptin levels in plasma. LDBG also up-regulated mRNA levels of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins, such as Occludin, Claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 in colon tissue. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing data suggested that LDBG reduced the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and Ileibacterium while increasing that of Bifidobacterium and Oscillospiraceae. Untargeted metabolomics showed that LDBG significantly promoted Tryptophan metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the Citrate cycle, closely correlating with GM changes, particularly in Oscillospiraceae genera. This study demonstrates the potential of LDBG as a prebiotic in obesity prevention by regulating metabolite pathways.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refers to a highly reactive class of oxidizing species that have the potential to induce cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Cuproptosis, a type of cell death, is primarily associated with the effects of copper ions. However, the specific relationship between ROS, cuproptosis, and osteosarcoma (OS) remains relatively unexplored. Additionally, there is limited research on the use of cuproptosis in conjunction with oxidative stress for treating OS and inhibiting tumor-induced bone destruction. To address these gaps, a novel treatment approach has been developed for OS and neoplastic bone destruction. This approach involves the utilization of glutathione (GSH) and pH-responsive organic-inorganic mesoporous silica nanoparticles@Cu2S@oxidized Dextran (short for MCD). The MCD material demonstrates excellent cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, tumor suppression, and the ability to inhibit osteoclast formation. The specific mechanism of action involves the mitochondria of the MCD material inhibiting key proteins in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Simultaneously, the generation of ROS promotes this inhibition and leads to alterations in cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, the MCD biomaterial exhibits promising mild-temperature photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) range, effectively mitigating tumor growth and OS-induced bone destruction in vivo.

Using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with excellent thermal and electrical stability to replace liquid electrolytes, and assembling solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLIBs) is considered the best solution to these safety issues. However, it is difficult for a single electrolyte to have the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, low interface resistance, and high stability of the counter electrode at the same time. In this work, the composite polymer electrolyte membrane (CPE) of inorganic Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) and organic poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) polymer was successfully prepared by traditional casting method. The addition of LATP (10 wt %) ceramic powder makes CPE membrane (CPE-10) exhibit excellent electrochemical performance: the lithium-ion transference number and electrochemical window are as high as 0.60 and 4.94 V, respectively. Moreover, the CPE-10 showed excellent Li-metal stability, thereby enabling the Li–Li symmetric cells to stably run for over 300 h at 0.1 mA/cm2 with effective lithium dendrite inhibition. When paired with a high-voltage LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, the Li/CPE-10/NCM622 cell exhibited excellent electrochemical performance: the highest specific discharge capacity of 152 mAh/g could be conducted at 0.2C after 50 cycles corresponding to 100% Coulombic efficiencies. The prepared CPE-10 demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, providing an effective design strategy for SSLMBs.

ObjectiveEmerging evidence has provided compelling evidence linking gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) via the “gut-kidney” axis. But the causal relationship between them hasn’t been clarified yet. We perform a Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to reveal the causal connection with GM and the development of DN, type 1 diabetes nephropathy (T1DN), type 2 diabetes nephropathy (T2DN), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe used summary data from MiBioGen on 211 GM taxa in 18340 participants. Generalized MR analysis methods were conducted to estimate their causality on risk of DN, T1DN, T2DN, T1DM and T2DM from FinnGen. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the resilience and consistency of the results.ResultsIt was showed that Class Verrucomicrobiae [odds ratio (OR) =1.5651, 95%CI:1.1810-2.0742,PFDR=0.0018], Order Verrucomicrobiales (OR=1.5651, 95%CI: 1.1810-2.0742, PFDR=0.0018) and Family Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR=1.3956, 95%CI:1.0336-1.8844, PFDR=0.0296) had significant risk of DN. Our analysis found significant associations between GM and T2DN, including Class Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.8227, 95% CI: 1.2414-2.6763, PFDR=0.0139), Order Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.5651, 95% CI: 1.8227-2.6764, PFDR=0.0024), Rhodospirillales (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0026), and Family Verrucomicroniaceae (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0083). The Eubacteriumprotogenes (OR=0.4076, 95% CI: 0.2415-0.6882, PFDR=0.0021) exhibited a protection against T1DN. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that there was no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ConclusionsAt the gene prediction level, we identified the specific GM that is causally linked to DN in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Moreover, we identified distinct microbial changes in T1DN that differed from those seen in T2DN, offering valuable insights into GM signatures associated with subtype of nephropathy.

Abstract Background Emerging evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from gut bacteria play a crucial role in microbiota-host interactions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the attenuating effect of EVs derived from a reduced commensal bacterium, F. prausnitzii (Fp-EVs), in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results Fp-EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation and typically exhibited a double concave disc shape with an average diameter of 172 nm. Fp-EVs treatment reduced DSS-induced weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length shortening, histological damage, neutrophil infiltration and increased intestinal epithelial apoptotic cells in DSS-induced colitis mice. Fp-EVs upregulated the protein expression of zona occludens (ZO)-1 and Occludin and increased the ratio of Tregs in the colon tissue of colitis mice. Furthermore, Fp-EVs downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-12a, IL-17a, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, Fp-EV treatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of these proteins Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion Our findings revealed that Fp-EVs attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal mucosal barrier function and immunological profile. Our findings reveal that Fp-EVs attenuate DSS-induced colitis by modulating intestinal mucosal barrier function and the immunological profile.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid are located behind the human retina and have multiple functions in the human visual system. Knowledge of the RPE and choroid cells and their gene expression profiles are fundamental for understanding retinal disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Here, we sequenced the RNA of about 0.3 million single cells from human RPE and choroids across two regions and seven ages, revealing regional and age differences within the human RPE and choroid. Cell–cell interactions highlight the broad connectivity networks between the RPE and different choroid cell types. Moreover, the transcription factors and their target genes change during aging. The coding of somatic variations increases during aging in the human RPE and choroid at the single-cell level. Moreover, we identified ELN as a candidate for improving RPE degeneration and choroidal structure during aging. The mapping of the molecular architecture of the human RPE and choroid improves our understanding of the human vision support system and offers potential insights into the intervention targets for retinal diseases.

Abstract Background Seizures are associated with a decrease in γ-aminobutyric type A acid receptors (GABAaRs) on the neuronal surface, which may be regulated by enhanced internalization of GABAaRs. When interactions between GABAaR subunit α-1 (GABRA1) and postsynaptic scaffold proteins are weakened, the α1-containing GABAaRs leave the postsynaptic membrane and are internalized. Previous evidence suggested that neuroplastin (NPTN) promotes the localization of GABRA1 on the postsynaptic membrane. However, the association between NPTN and GABRA1 in seizures and its effect on the internalization of α1-containing GABAaRs on the neuronal surface has not been studied before. Methods An in vitro seizure model was constructed using magnesium-free extracellular fluid, and an in vivo model of status epilepticus (SE) was constructed using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Additionally, in vitro and in vivo NPTN-overexpression models were constructed. Electrophysiological recordings and internalization assays were performed to evaluate the action potentials and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents of neurons, as well as the intracellular accumulation ratio of α1-containing GABAaRs in neurons. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of GABRA1 and NPTN both in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence co-localization analysis and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to evaluate the interaction between GABRA1 and NPTN. Results The expression of GABRA1 was found to be decreased on the neuronal surface both in vivo and in vitro seizure models. In the in vitro seizure model, α1-containing GABAaRs showed increased internalization. NPTN expression was found to be positively correlated with GABRA1 expression on the neuronal surface both in vivo and in vitro seizure models. In addition, NPTN overexpression alleviated seizures and NPTN was shown to bind to GABRA1 to form protein complexes that can be disrupted during seizures in both in vivo and in vitro models. Furthermore, NPTN was found to inhibit the internalization of α1-containing GABAaRs in the in vitro seizure model. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that NPTN may exert antiepileptic effects by binding to GABRA1 to inhibit the internalization of α1-containing GABAaRs. Graphical Abstract

Abstract High-resolution single-photon imaging remains a big challenge due to the complex hardware manufacturing craft and noise disturbances. Here, we introduce deep learning into SPAD, enabling super-resolution single-photon imaging with enhancement of bit depth and imaging quality. We first studied the complex photon flow model of SPAD electronics to accurately characterize multiple physical noise sources, and collected a real SPAD image dataset (64 × 32 pixels, 90 scenes, 10 different bit depths, 3 different illumination flux, 2790 images in total) to calibrate noise model parameters. With this physical noise model, we synthesized a large-scale realistic single-photon image dataset (image pairs of 5 different resolutions with maximum megapixels, 17250 scenes, 10 different bit depths, 3 different illumination flux, 2.6 million images in total) for subsequent network training. To tackle the severe super-resolution challenge of SPAD inputs with low bit depth, low resolution, and heavy noise, we further built a deep transformer network with a content-adaptive self-attention mechanism and gated fusion modules, which can dig global contextual features to remove multi-source noise and extract full-frequency details. We applied the technique in a series of experiments including microfluidic inspection, Fourier ptychography, and high-speed imaging. The experiments validate the technique’s state-of-the-art super-resolution SPAD imaging performance.

This study described the quality detection and rapid identification of frying oil waste points based on gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). A total of 48 volatile substances were identified, among which the levels of 11 components, including 2-pentylfuran, 2-butylfuran, and 2-hexanone, increased with prolonged frying time after 40 h in cottonseed oil. Conversely, the levels of hexanal, heptanal, and E,E-2,4-heptadienal decreased as frying time extended. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between volatile substances of the oil and acid value (p < 0.05) and polar components with volatile substances (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences in the types and contents of flavor substances were observed in cottonseed oil at different frying times (including before and after reaching the discard point) (p < 0.05). Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) results clearly showed that the cottonseed oil samples at different frying times were well distinguished by the volatile compounds; moreover, discriminant model analysis indicated a model accuracy rate of 100%. These results showed the potential of GC-IMS-based approaches in discriminating the waste points of frying oil.

Outbreaks of bacterial diseases occur in farmed Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris). Due to limited information on aquatic Klebsiella variicola-infected animals, this study aimed to identify strain LL2208 isolated from diseased L. longirostris, determine its biological features, and evaluate its risk to public health. Strain LL2208 was tested for molecular identification, challenge, string, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Furthermore, the whole genome of the strain was sequenced and analyzed. Based on molecular identification, strain LL2208 was identified as K. variicola. Artificial infection showed that this strain was moderately virulent to L. longirostris with an LD50 = 7.92 × 107 CFU/mL. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that this strain was resistant to penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, glycopeptides, and lincosamide, indicating multidrug resistance. Strain LL2208 has a genome size of 5,557,050 bp, with a GC content of 57.38%, harboring 30 antimicrobial resistance genes and numerous virulence-related genes. Its molecular type was ST595-KL16-O5. Collinearity analysis showed that strain LL2208 was highly similar to the human-derived K. variicola strain. In conclusion, the multidrug-resistant and virulent K. variicola strain LL2208 was isolated from fish and may have originated from humans. These results provide a foundation for further studies on the transmission of K. variicola between humans and aquatic animals.

Polyrotaxane (PR) has garnered increasing attention due to its unique structure and exceptional performance. In this study, a polypseudorotaxane (PPR) initiator was prepared through the self-assembly of bromine-capped Pluronic F68 and β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) in water. Polyrotaxane-containing triblock copolymers (PR copolymers) were successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of butyl methacrylate (BMA) using the PPR initiator in the presence of Cu(I)Br/PMDETA. The structure of the PR copolymers was thoroughly characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The mobility of β-CD in the PR copolymers was demonstrated through dielectric measurements. Mechanical tests, including tensile strength assessments, thermal mechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis, confirmed the excellent mechanical properties and good processability of the PR copolymer, attributed to the PBMA blocks. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were found to be modulated by the motility of the threaded β-CDs. Consequently, the superior mechanical properties and the high mobility of the threaded β-CDs suggest promising potential for the as-prepared PR polymer in various advanced applications.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can contribute to photoaging of skin. Cornus officinalis is rich in ursolic acid (UA), which is beneficial to the prevention of photoaging. Because UA is hardly soluble in water, the Cornus officinalis extract (COE) was obtained using water as the antisolvent to separate the components containing UA from the crude extract of Cornus officinalis. The effect of COE on UVB damage was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that COE could increase the lifespan and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of C. elegans exposed to UVB while decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. At the same time, COE upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes and promoted the migration of SKN-1 to the nucleus. Moreover, COE inhibited the expression of the skn-1 downstream gene and the extension of the lifespan in skn-1 mutants exposed to UVB, indicating that SKN-1 was required for COE to function. Our findings indicate that COE mainly ameliorates the oxidative stress caused by UVB in C. elegans via the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway.

Abstract Obesity increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and induces cardiomyopathy. Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and may provide new therapeutic targets for this disease. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is an important target for cancer therapy and the role of DCLK1 in obesity and cardiovascular diseases is unclear. Herein, we showed that DCLK1 was overexpressed in the cardiac tissue of obese mice and investigated the role of DCLK1 in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. We generated DCLK1-deleted mice and showed that macrophage-specific DCLK1 knockout, rather than cardiomyocyte-specific DCLK1 knockout, prevented high-fat diet (HFD)-induced heart dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. RNA sequencing analysis showed that DCLK1 deficiency exerted cardioprotective effects by suppressing RIP2/TAK1 activation and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Upon HFD/palmitate (PA) challenge, macrophage DCLK1 mediates RIP2/TAK1 phosphorylation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release, which further promotes hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes and fibrogenesis in fibroblasts. Finally, a pharmacological inhibitor of DCLK1 significantly protects hearts in HFD-fed mice. Our study demonstrates a novel role and a pro-inflammatory mechanism of macrophage DCLK1 in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and identifies DCLK1 as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Upon HFD/PA challenge, DCLK1 induces RIP2/TAK1-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages, which subsequently promotes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Macrophage-specific DCLK1 deletion or pharmacological inhibition of DCLK1 protects hearts in HFD-fed mice.

Introduction This study aimed to explore the effect of curcumin on the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (PRTECs) and to analyze the molecular mechanism by which curcumin regulates their occurrence. Material and methods LPS-induced PRTECs were used to construct an inflammatory cell model. RT-qPCR and western blot (WB) were used to detect ADAMTS18 expression. Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect ADAMTS18 methylation levels. After curcumin treatment, MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability, flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis, and ADAMTS18 expression and methylation levels were detected again. After transfection with siADAMTS18, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed again. The levels of inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of AKT, Notch-1 and Notch-2 were analyzed by WB. Results Curcumin strongly inhibited LPS-induced PRTEC inflammatory lesions, restored normal cell proliferation, and reduced the apoptosis rate by downregulating ADAMTS18 methylation and restoring ADAMTS18 expression. After siADAMTS18, the ability of curcumin to improve cell viability was reduced, and the ability of curcumin to downregulate inflammatory factors was significantly reduced. Curcumin could also inhibit the expression of AKT, Notch-1 and Notch-2 simultaneously. siADAMTS18 attenuated the abovementioned effects of curcumin. Conclusions Curcumin inhibits LPS-induced PRTEC death by regulating ADAMTS18 methylation and AKT/Notch pathways.

Abstract Phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (PDE4DIP) is a centrosome/Golgi protein associated with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. PDE4DIP is commonly mutated in human cancers, and its alteration in mice leads to a predisposition to intestinal cancer. However, the biological function of PDE4DIP in human cancer remains obscure. Here, we report for the first time the oncogenic role of PDE4DIP in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and adaptive MEK inhibitor (MEKi) resistance. We show that the expression of PDE4DIP is upregulated in CRC tissues and associated with the clinical characteristics and poor prognosis of CRC patients. Knockdown of PDE4DIP impairs the growth of KRAS-mutant CRC cells by inhibiting the core RAS signaling pathway. PDE4DIP plays an essential role in the full activation of oncogenic RAS/ERK signaling by suppressing the expression of the RAS GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) neurofibromin (NF1). Mechanistically, PDE4DIP promotes the recruitment of PLCγ/PKCε to the Golgi apparatus, leading to constitutive activation of PKCε, which triggers the degradation of NF1. Upregulation of PDE4DIP results in adaptive MEKi resistance in KRAS-mutant CRC by reactivating the RAS/ERK pathway. Our work reveals a novel functional link between PDE4DIP and NF1/RAS signal transduction and suggests that targeting PDE4DIP is a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant CRC.

Abstract Background The incidence of colorectal cancer and cancer death rate are increasing every year, and the affected population is becoming younger. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy has a unique effect in prolonging survival time and improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Oridonin has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in a variety of tumors, but the exact mechanism remains to be investigated. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay, Tranwell, and Wound healing assays were performed to measure cell proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities, respectively. The protein and mRNA expression levels of various molecules were reflected by Western blot and Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) and its target genes were analyzed by Position Weight Matrices (PWMs) software and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to visualize the expression and position of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. The morphology of the ER was demonstrated by the ER tracker-red. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were measured using a flow cytometer (FCM) or fluorescent staining. Calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration was quantified by Fluo-3 AM staining. Athymic nude mice were modeled with subcutaneous xenografts. Results Oridonin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer, and this effect was weakened in a concentration-dependent manner by ER stress inhibitors. In addition, oridonin-induced colorectal tumor cells showed increased expression of ER stress biomarkers, loose morphology of ER, increased vesicles, and irregular shape. TCF4 was identified as a regulator of ER stress by PWMs software and GEO survival analysis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that TCF4 inhibited ER stress, reduced ROS production, and maintained Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, oridonin also activated TP53 and inhibited TCF4 transactivation, further exacerbating the elevated ROS levels and calcium ion release in tumor cells and inhibiting tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions Oridonin upregulated TP53, inhibited TCF4 transactivation, and induced ER stress dysregulation in tumor cells, promoting colorectal cancer cell death. Therefore, TCF4 may be one of the important nodes for tumor cells to regulate ER stress and maintain protein synthesis homeostasis. And the inhibition of the TP53/TCF4 axis plays a key role in the anti-cancer effects of oridonin.

Hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications, including skin regeneration and tissue repair. However, the capability of certain hydrogels to absorb exudate or blood from surrounding wounds, coupled with the challenge in their long-term storage to prevent bacterial growth, can pose limitations to their efficacy in biological applications. To address these challenges, the development of a multifunctional aloin-arginine-alginate (short for 3A) bio-patch capable of transforming into a hydrogel upon absorbing exudate or blood from neighboring wounds for cutaneous regeneration is proposed. The 3A bio-patch exhibits outstanding features, including an excellent porous structure, swelling properties, and biodegradability. These characteristics allow for the rapid absorption of wound exudates and subsequent transformation into a hydrogel that is suitable for treating skin wounds. Furthermore, the 3A bio-patch exhibits remarkable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to accelerated wound healing and scarless repair in vivo. This study presents a novel approach to the development of cutaneous wound dressing materials.

Background: This study aimed to assess the exposure level and risk of Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) among adults in Jilin Province, China, clarify the impact of DEHP on human thyroid function, and to explore the role of estrogen receptors (ERs)-Notch signaling pathway in the effect of DEHP metabolites on thyroid hormones based on population data and in vitro experiments. Methods: 312 adults participated in this study. Urinary DEHP metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). Two pharmacokinetic models were used to evaluate the estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of the adults. Multiple linear regression and mediating effect models were used to evaluate the target associations. In cell experiments, thyroid follicular epithelial (Nthy-ori3–1) cells were exposed to mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) for testing. The inhibitions of ERα and Notch pathway were conducted by siRNA and Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT. Results: The detection rate of five DEHP metabolites was 97.1∼100.0%. The HQ value of 0.3% of adults was higher than 1. The levels of urinary DEHP metabolites were significantly correlated with thyrotropin (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) and gene (estrogen receptor α (ERα), Notch1, Dll4) levels. The ERα-Notch pathway played a mediating role in the association between DEHP metabolite levels and FT4. The cell results showed, the levels of FT3 and FT4 in cell supernatant decreased after MEHP exposure, and the downward trend was reversed after ERα and notch pathways were inhibited, notch pathway genes also decreased after ERα inhibition. Conclusion: Adults in the Jilin Province of China were widely exposed to DEHP. ERs-Notch pathway played an important role in the effect of DEHP metabolites on thyroid hormones.

Abstract O‐linked‐β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAcylation) is a distinctive posttranslational protein modification involving the coordinated action of O‐GlcNAc transferase and O‐GlcNAcase, primarily targeting serine or threonine residues in various proteins. This modification impacts protein functionality, influencing stability, protein–protein interactions, and localization. Its interaction with other modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination is becoming increasingly evident. Dysregulation of O‐GlcNAcylation is associated with numerous human diseases, including diabetes, nervous system degeneration, and cancers. This review extensively explores the regulatory mechanisms of O‐GlcNAcylation, its effects on cellular physiology, and its role in the pathogenesis of diseases. It examines the implications of aberrant O‐GlcNAcylation in diabetes and tumorigenesis, highlighting novel insights into its potential role in cardiovascular diseases. The review also discusses the interplay of O‐GlcNAcylation with other protein modifications and its impact on cell growth and metabolism. By synthesizing current research, this review elucidates the multifaceted roles of O‐GlcNAcylation, providing a comprehensive reference for future studies. It underscores the potential of targeting the O‐GlcNAcylation cycle in developing novel therapeutic strategies for various pathologies.

Abstract Background Metastasis is a crucial aspect of disease progression leading to death in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, its mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to explore the mechanism of lymph node metastasis (LNM) by analyzing the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) in PCa using scRNA-seq. Methods A total of 32,766 cells were obtained from four PCa tissue samples for scRNA-seq, annotated, and grouped. InferCNV, GSVA, DEG functional enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, intercellular network evaluation, and transcription factor analysis were carried out for each cell subgroup. Furthermore, validation experiments targeting luminal cell subgroups and CXCR4 + fibroblast subgroup were performed. Results The results showed that only EEF2 + and FOLH1 + luminal subgroups were present in LNM, and they appeared at the initial stage of luminal cell differentiation, which were comfirmed by verification experiments. The MYC pathway was enriched in the EEF2 + and FOLH1 + luminal subgroups, and MYC was associated with PCa LNM. Moreover, MYC did not only promote the progression of PCa, but also led to immunosuppression in TME by regulating PDL1 and CD47. The proportion of CD8 + T cells in TME and among NK cells and monocytes was lower in LNM than in the primary lesion, while the opposite was true for Th and Treg cells. Furthermore, these immune cells in TME underwent transcriptional reprogramming, including CD8 + T subgroups of CCR7 + and IL7R+, as well as M2-like monocyte subgroups expressing tumor-associated signature genes, like CCR7, SGKI, and RPL31. Furthermore, STEAP4+, ADGRF5 + and CXCR4+, and SRGNC + fibroblast subgroups were closely related to tumor progression, tumor metabolism, and immunosuppression, indicating their contributions in PCa metastasis. Meanwhile, The presence of CXCR4 + Fibroblasts in PCa was confirmed by polychromatic immunofluorescence. Conclusions The significant heterogeneity of luminal, immune, and interstitial cells in PCa LNM may not only directly contribute to tumor progression, but also indirectly result in TME immunosuppression, which may be the cause of metastasis in PCa and in which MYC played an role.

To explore the changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27), and immunoglobulin (Ig) (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis (AS).