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One new bromine substituted iridoid glycoside, ferlapioside ( 1 ), was isolated from the roots of Ferula lapidosa Korovin, together with 10 known ones including seven iridoid glycosides ( 2 - 8 ) and three sesquiterpene lactones ( 9 - 11 ). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, e.g. 1D and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, CD techniques, and comparison with literature values. Compounds 1 and 3 - 11 were evaluated for inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in the RAW 264.7 cells and the in vitro cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231 and SW480). However, none of them exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. This study will provide a scientific basis and reference for the further development and utilisation of Ferula plants.