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ABSTRACT Background The splicing factor SRSF1 emerges as a mater regulator of cell proliferation, displaying high expression in actively proliferative satellite cells (SCs). In SRSF1 knockout mice (KO) generated via MyoD‐Cre, early mortality and muscle atrophy are observed during postnatal muscle growth. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which SRSF1 loss influences SCs' functions and its role in muscle regeneration remain to be elucidated. Methods To unravel the exact mechanisms underlying the impact of SRSF1 deficiency SC functions, we employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on a mononuclear cell suspension isolated from the newborn diaphragm of KO and control mice. Concurrently, we subjected diaphragm muscles to RNA‐seq analysis to identify dysregulated splicing events associated with SRSF1 deletion. For the analysis of the effect of SRSF1 deletion on muscle regeneration, we generated mice with inducible SC‐specific Srsf1 ablation through Pax7‐CreER. SRSF1 ablation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen. Using cardiotoxin‐induced muscle injury, we examined the consequences of SRSF1 depletion on SC function through HE staining, immunostaining and EdU incorporation assay. C2C12 myoblasts and isolated myoblasts were employed to assess stem cell function and senescence. Results Utilizing scRNA‐seq analysis, we observed a noteworthy increase in activated and proliferating myoblasts when SRSF1 was absent. This increase was substantial, with the proportion rising from 28.68% in the control group to 77.06% in the knockout group. However, these myoblasts experienced mitotic abnormalities in the absence of SRSF1, resulting in cell cycle arrest and the onset of cellular senescence. In the knockout mice, the proportion of Pax7+ cells within improper niche positioning increased significantly to 25% compared to 12% in the control cells (n ≥ 10, p

In order to explore the changes of antioxidant performance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMAIJIBP3 strain under 6.5% NaCl stress, antioxidant apparent indexes and transcriptomics of IMAUJBP3 strain were investigated. The results showed that the scavenging rates of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical of bacterial suspension, fermentation supernatant and intracellular extract of IMAUJBP3 treated by NaCl were higher than those of the control group. However, in terms of superoxide anion clearance, the scavenging rate of bacterial suspension and fermentation supernatant treated with NaCl was higher than that of the control group, while the superoxide anion scavenging ability of intracellular extracts was significantly (P

The autophagy–lysosome axis is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway which constitutes an important component of host innate immunity against microbial infections. Here, we show that African swine fever virus (ASFV), one of most devastating pathogens to the worldwide swine industry, can reshape the autophagy–lysosome axis by recruiting the critical lysosome membrane proteins (LAMP1 and LAMP2) to viral factories while inhibiting autophagic induction in macrophages. The screening of viral membrane proteins led to the identification of several ASFV membrane proteins, exemplified by viral protein pEP153R, that could significantly alter the subcellular localization of LAMP1/2 when expressed alone in transfected cells. Further analysis showed that pEP153R was also a component of viral factories and could induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of LAMP1/2, leading to the inhibition of the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Interestingly, the ASFV mutant lacking EP153R could still actively recruit LAMP into viral factories (VFs) and inhibit autophagic flux, indicating the existence of a functional redundancy of other viral proteins in the absence of pEP153R and highlighting the complexity of ASFV replication biology. Taken together, our results reveal novel information about the interplay of ASFV with the autophagy–lysosome axis and a previously unrecognized function of ASFV protein pEP153R in regulating the cellular autophagic process.

Abstract Aim This study aims to explore the relationship between niacin intake and the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) within a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Methods A total of 2946 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were carefully selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants meeting the eligibility criteria underwent two dietary recall interviews, and niacin intake was calculated using the USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). Liver steatosis was diagnosed using a Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) of 248 dB/m, and MASLD diagnosis was based on metabolic indicators. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was utilized to analyze the correlation between niacin intake and MASLD prevalence, with potential nonlinear relationships explored through restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Results Analysis of baseline data revealed that MASLD patients had lower niacin intake levels and poorer metabolic biomarker profiles. Both RCS analysis and multivariate logistic regression indicated a U-shaped association between niacin intake and MASLD prevalence. Specifically, there was a non-linear dose-response relationship, with the odds of MASLD gradually decreasing with increasing niacin intake until reaching a threshold of 23.6 mg, beyond which the odds of MASLD began to increase. Conclusion This study confirms a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between niacin intake and MASLD prevalence within the diverse American population.

Abstract Background Hypercholesterolemia has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inclisiran, an innovative small interfering RNA agent, is anticipated to result in a notable reduction of approximately 50% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Given its transformative impact, this study scrutinized the eligibility of the US population for inclisiran treatment and evaluated its potential effects on hypercholesterolemia and the primary prevention of CVD. Methods This study applied the eligibility criteria from the ORION 10 and 11 trials to the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to estimate the size of the eligible population for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and ASCVD-risk equivalents. Utilizing the reduction in LDL-C levels from ORION 10, this study predicted the impact of inclisiran on LDL-C levels among ASCVD patients. Similarly, leveraging the changes in lipid levels from ORION 11, this study predicted inclisiran’s effect on the 10-year change in CVD risk and preventable CVD events in the ASCVD-risk equivalents population, employing the Framingham CVD Risk Score. Results The study identified 579 ASCVD patients (5 million) and 382 ASCVD-risk equivalents (2.66 million) who met the eligibility criteria from ORION 10 and 11. Among the ASCVD population, 3.5 million (70.2%) would achieve a ≥ 50% reduction in LDL-C levels after treatment. Furthermore, 4.6 million (91.3%) would achieve LDL-C levels

The Shunbei oil-and-gas field in the Tarim Basin features a typical strike-slip fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoir. The formation of these reservoirs is primarily influenced by fracturing related to structural stress during periods of fault activity. This contrasts with reservoir types such as matrix vugs controlled by original sedimentary facies and caves modified by karst. To study the development mechanism and distribution patterns of strike-slip fault-controlled reservoirs under the influence of multi-stage structural stress, comprehensive analysis of field observations, core samples, well logging data, seismic surveys, and drilling dynamic data was conducted to characterize the development characteristics of fault-controlled reservoirs. This included different strike-slip faults, different parts along a single strike-slip fault, and different stratigraphic levels vertically. Combined with stress field numerical modeling, multi-stage structural stress recovery was carried out to predict the main development periods and distribution patterns of fault-controlled reservoirs. Significant variations in internal stress states were observed across different segments during periods of strike-slip fault activity. Tensile stress predominated in pull-apart segments, resulting in predominantly tensile fractures, whereas compressional stress state in push-up segments led to a variety of fracture types. The fault-controlled fractures in the top of the Yijianfang Formation in the Shunbei area were mainly developed during episode Ⅲ of the Middle Caledonian period and the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian period. Few fractures were developed during the Middle to Late Hercynian period and thereafter. Compared to the Shunbei No.1 fault, the Shunbei No.18 fault exhibited higher fracture opening degree and density with a large displacement. Strike-slip fault-controlled reservoirs exhibit a cluster-like structure. Structural differences of the reservoirs are influenced by internal stress states in different segments during fault activity. Pull-apart segments typically feature a large fault core-damage zone with more cavities and 'double-cluster' structures, whereas push-up segments display more diverse fault core-damage zones with greater separability and 'multi-cluster' structures. The stress intensity during the strike-slip fault activity controls the types and scale of reservoir spaces, with smaller fault zones dominated by fractures and larger fault zones developing extensive fault core-damage zone architectures. The scale of fault-controlled reservoirs is positively correlated with fault activity intensity. Early fault activity promotes significant fracture development, while later stages, characterized by increased burial depths, result in few newly derived fractures due to reduced rock susceptibility to fracturing.

The controlling effect of faults on hydrocarbon pool formation is mainly reflected in their impact on the processes of hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and distribution. Its essence is the problem of fault sealing. Fault sealing is typically influenced by a variety of factors, and the mechanism and the main controlling factors of fault sealing differ significantly across different layers, regions and geological periods. At present, there is no complete research system for the evaluation of fault sealing, and the accuracy of its evaluation needs to be improved. By comprehensively and systematically investigating recent research hotspots in the area of fault sealing, we summarize the mechanism of fault sealing, analyze the main controlling factors, systematically categorize the evaluation methods, and discuss the practical issues faced in fault sealing research. We also propose the development trends of future research. Fault sealing mechanisms can be divided into vertical and lateral sealing mechanisms. The former includes fault surface sealing and displacement pressure difference sealing within fault zones, while the latter includes sand and mud juxtaposition sealing, lateral sealing formed by shale smearing, and high displacement pressure sealing within fault zones. The main factors affecting fault sealing include fault development characteristics, lithology of the two fault walls, stress field environment, and diagenetic processes such as compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Different factors influence fault sealing in various ways, and fault sealing varies significantly with location and time. The research methods for fault sealing evaluation can be classified into four categories: (1) traditional geological methods: including qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses; (2) mathematical geological methods: including logistic information method, nonlinear mapping analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, grey correlation analysis, etc.; (3) numerical simulation of the tectonic stress field and calculation of parameters related to fault sealing; and (4) geochemical methods. Future research directions include fault opening and sealing mechanism and sealing evaluation of carbonate rock strata, the impact mechanism of stress and fluid coupling on fault sealing, comprehensive quantitative evaluations of fault sealing with multiple factors, the temporal and spatial evolution of fault sealing, and the assessment of fault connectivity.

Radix Pueraria lobata has been recognized as a medicine and functional food, whose polysaccharide is its main bioactive component. In this study, we employed the response surface method to optimize the extraction of a polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae (PLP). Based on a single-factor experiment, three levels of liquid–material ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature were selected for the response surface experiment. We established a quadratic regression equation of the extraction rate. The optimal combination conditions were obtained through regression analysis and ridge analysis. The optimal extraction yield of PLP was up to 5.526%, which was not significantly different from the verified value. Biologically, PLP1, a homogeneous P. lobatae polysaccharide isolated and purified from PLP, exhibited significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties in vitro. These findings provide an important foundation for the development and utilization of P. lobatae resources.

ABSTRACTPolygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCP) have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Here, PCP extraction was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of its main component, PCP1, were evaluated in vitro. The maximum PCP yield was 11.05% at an extraction temperature was 72°C, liquid-to-solid ratio of 21, extraction time of 96 min, and two extraction rounds. PCP1 was purified by column chromatography and showed significant scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals at concentration of 0.2–1.0 mg/mL. At a concentration of 200 [Formula: see text]g/mL, PCP1 significantly improved lipid disorder and damage induced by palmitic acid in HepG2 cells. These results show that PCP has potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects in vitro; moreover, the PCP extraction rate is significantly increased using RSM. Therefore, PCP is an effective antioxidant and lipid-lowering product with potential medicinal applications.

IntroductionSpuriopimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag., a member of the Apiaceae family, is a perennial aromatic herb native to Northeast Asia with applications in culinary and traditional medicine. Despite its significance, most studies on S. brachycarpa have primarily focused on its phytochemical properties, with limited insights into its molecular and genomic characteristics.MethodsThis study presents the sequencing and assembly of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. brachycarpa using second- and third-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies. Comprehensive analyses were performed on its structural organization, RNA editing sites, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and repeat sequences. Comparative analyses with closely related species were also conducted.ResultsThe mitogenome exhibited a multi-branched structure, with a total length of 523,512 bp and a GC content of 43.37%. Annotation revealed 30 unique protein-coding genes, 21 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Comparative analysis indicated that the S. brachycarpa mitogenome contains structural variations but shares collinear features with other Apiaceae species. We identified 618 potential RNA editing sites involving C-to-U conversions and discovered 59 homologous fragments between the mitogenome and plastome, comprising 8.13% of the mitogenome.DiscussionThese results enrich the genomic database of Apiaceae, providing valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity within the family.

Purpose: To investigate anatomical and dosimetric changes during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) after induction therapy (IT) and explore characteristics of patients with notable variations. Materials and methods: From July 2021 to June 2023, 60 LA-NPC patients undergoing VMAT after IT were retrospectively recruited. Adaptive computed tomography (aCT), reconstructed from weekly cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT), facilitates recontouring and planning transplantation. Volume, dice similarity coefficients, and dose to target volumes and organs at risk(OARs) on planning CT(pCT) and aCT were compared to identify changing patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors. Results: The volumes of PGTVnasopharynx (PGTVp), PGTVnode (PGTVn), ipsilateral and contralateral parotid glands decreased during VMAT, with reductions of 2.25 %, 6.98 %, 20.09 % and 18.00 %, respectively, at 30 fractions from baseline (P

The integration of renewable energy sources has transformed fault characteristics in modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal DC (MMC-MTDC) transmission systems, posing challenges to conventional protection schemes. This paper introduces an advanced protection scheme that leverages local information to address these challenges. The proposed scheme utilizes the DC voltage change rate as the initial criterion, adopts the polarity of single-ended differential current (SEDC) to identify faulted poles, applies the first derivative of DC transient voltage spectrum energy using the generalized S-transform to determine faulted DC lines, and employs local differential zone current (LDZC) to detect AC system faults in converters. A comprehensive MMC-MTDC test system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to evaluate the performance of the protection scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers rapid and reliable fault identification, effectively handling high fault resistance and noise across various fault conditions.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction and Objectives: Radioresistance is a common problem in the treatment of many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have shown that circROBO1 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and acts as a cancer promoter to accelerate the malignant progression of HCC. However, the role and mechanism of circROBO1 in HCC radioresistance remain unclear. Materials and Methods: CircROBO1, microRNA (miR)-136-5p and RAD21 expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell function and radioresistance were evaluated by colony formation assay, cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay and flow cytometry. Protein expression was determined using western blot analysis. RNA interaction was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. In vivo experiments were performed by constructing mice xenograft models. Results: CircROBO1 was highly expressed in HCC, and its knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis to enhance cell radiosensitivity. On the mechanism, circROBO1 could serve as miR-136-5p sponge to positively regulate RAD21. MiR-136-5p inhibitor or RAD21 overexpression reversed the regulation of circROBO1 knockdown on the radiosensitivity of HCC cells. Also, circROBO1 interference improved the radiosensitivity of HCC tumors in vivo. Conclusions: CircROBO1 might be a promising target for treating HCC radioresistance.

Abstract There is no unified planning standard for unstructured roads, and the morphological structures of these roads are complex and varied. It is important to maintain a balance between accuracy and speed for unstructured road extraction models. Unstructured road extraction algorithms based on deep learning have problems such as high model complexity, high computational cost, and the inability to adapt to current edge computing devices. Therefore, it is best to use lightweight network models. Considering the need for lightweight models and the characteristics of unstructured roads with different pattern shapes, such as blocks and strips, a TMB (Triple Multi-Block) feature extraction module is proposed, and the overall structure of the TMBNet network is described. The TMB module was compared with SS-nbt, Non-bottleneck-1D, and other modules via experiments. The feasibility and effectiveness of the TMB module design were proven through experiments and visualizations. The comparison experiment, using multiple convolution kernel categories, proved that the TMB module can improve the segmentation accuracy of the network. The comparison with different semantic segmentation networks demonstrates that the TMBNet network has advantages in terms of unstructured road extraction.

The deep coal mining in China is becoming more and more complicated. Under the influence of mining, structure or hard roof and floor, the section coal pillar is easy to induce coal pillar type rock burst. The prevention and control of coal pillar type rock burst has become a difficult problem in coal mine safety and efficient mining. It is of positive significance to study the mechanical properties and impact failure characteristics of section coal pillars under different width-height ratio for the prevention and control of coal pillar type rock burst. Uniaxial compression experiments were carried out on the “rock-coal-rock”combination of coal samples with different width-height ratio. The influence of width-height ratio on the impact failure of coal pillars was studied by analyzing the impact tendency, dynamic failure characteristics, fractal dimension and acoustic emission characteristic parameters of the combination. The results show that: ① The width-height ratio of coal pillar has a significant effect on the impact tendency of the combination. When the width-height ratio is not less than 2∶1, the impact energy index KE is 1.82−2.65, and the impact tendency has no obvious change. When is less than 2∶1, the impact tendency increases first and then decreases. When is 1∶1, KE is the largest, reaching 15.43. ② With the decrease of width-height ratio, the failure characteristics of the composite body are as follows: tension-compression failure-compression-shear failure-tension-shear failure. When the width-height ratio of the coal pillar is 5∶1−3∶1, the damage of the combination is relatively slow. When the width-height ratio is 2∶1, the flake coal chips begin to pop out, and the degree of impact damage is low. When the width-height ratio is 1∶1 and 0.75∶1, it has obvious impact failure characteristics. When the width-height ratio is 0.5∶1, the overall stability of the combination decreases, and the severity of the coal pillar failure of the 0.75∶1 sample combination decreases. ③ The energy release rate of post-peak acoustic emission is similar to that of fractal dimension D, which increases first and then decreases with the decrease of width-height ratio. When the width-height ratio is not less than 2∶1, the energy release time is longer during the failure process of the combination, and the coal pillar failure is gentle. When the width-height ratio is 1∶1, the energy release rate and D value increase significantly. Compared with the energy release rate of the combination with a width-height ratio of not less than 2∶1, the energy release rate increases by about 4 times, and the D value increases by 0.18−0.23. The impact damage of coal pillar is the most severe. The energy release rate and D value of the 0.75∶1 combination were reduced by about 10% and 0.01, respectively, and the damage severity was similar to that of the 1∶1 combination. When the width-height ratio is reduced to 0.5∶1, the reduction of the relevant parameters is about 6 times that of the 0.75∶1 combination, and the degree of damage is relatively small.The results show that the width-height ratio has a significant effect on the impact failure of coal pillars. On the whole, the intensity of impact failure of coal pillars increases first and then decreases gradually with the decrease of width-height ratio (5∶1−0.5∶1). When the width-height ratio of coal pillar is greater than 3∶1, the rock burst risk is relatively small. When the width-height ratio of coal pillar is 1∶1 and 0.75∶1, the rock burst risk is larger, followed by 0.5∶1.

AbstractPandanus amaryllifolius of Pandanaceae, a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been domesticated for its health benefits and aromatic leaves. It is also used for phytoremediation and soil rehabilitation. However, genetic studies of this species are limited. This study aims to expand its genomic information by assembling and characterizing the complete chloroplast genome of P. amaryllifolius. The chloroplast genome, which was 157,839 bp long, contains a total of 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding (CDS), 38 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The overall G/C content was 37.7%. A phylogenetic analysis using 79 shared unique CDS revealed a monophyletic relationship in Pandanales. Based on the limited sampling size, Pandanus amaryllifolius was the first to diverge in Pandanaceae. The genomic data will be useful for future phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Pandanaceae.

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) reduces dependence on fossil fuels, promotes energy conservation and emissions reduction, and facilitates the transition to clean energy sources in the power grid. However, subjective charging behavior among EV owners can lead to blind charging practices, compromising the reliability of the distribution network by widening the peak-to-valley difference. To address safety concerns during the charging process, this paper proposes hardware and software systems for an experimental verification system. The network architecture, focused on charging safety, is examined. Analysis of the system’s operation data reveals that it enables bidirectional interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid. This solution proves ef-fective for integrating a large number of EVs in peak-shaving and valley-filling efforts, laying a technical foundation for their inclusion in the power grid for peak shaving, valley filling, as well as providing standby and frequency regulation services.

Organoids, characterized by their high physiological attributes, effectively preserve the genetic characteristics, physiological structure, and function of the simulated organs. Since the inception of small intestine organoids, other organoids for organs including the liver, lungs, stomach, and pancreas have subsequently been developed. However, a comprehensive summary and discussion of research findings on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organoids as disease models and drug screening platforms is currently lacking. Herein, in this review, we address diseases related to GIT organoid simulation and highlight the notable advancements that have been made in drug screening and pharmacokinetics, as well as in disease research and treatment using GIT organoids. Organoids of GIT diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and Helicobacter pylori infection, have been successfully constructed. These models have facilitated the study of the mechanisms and effects of various drugs, such as metformin, Schisandrin C, and prednisolone, in these diseases. Furthermore, GIT organoids have been used to investigate viruses that elicit GIT reactions, including Norovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and rotavirus. Previous studies by using GIT organoids have shown that dasabuvir, gemcitabine, and imatinib possess the capability to inhibit viral replication. Notably, GIT organoids can mimic GIT responses to therapeutic drugs at the onset of disease. The GIT toxicities of compounds like gefitinib, doxorubicin, and sunset yellow have also been evaluated. Additionally, these organoids are instrumental for the study of immune regulation, post-radiation intestinal epithelial repair, treatment for cystic fibrosis and diabetes, the development of novel drug delivery systems, and research into the GIT microbiome. The recent use of conditioned media as a culture method for replacing recombinant hepatocyte growth factor has significantly reduced the cost associated with human GIT organoid culture. This advancement paves the way for large-scale culture and compound screening of GIT organoids. Despite the ongoing challenges in GIT organoid development (e.g., their inability to exist in pairs, limited cell types, and singular drug exposure mode), these organoids hold considerable potential for drug screening. The use of GIT organoids in this context holds great promises to enhance the precision of medical treatments for patients living with GIT diseases.

Abstract The thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulators has been considered a powerful method for examining the topological nature of charge-neutral quasiparticles such as magnons. Yet, unlike the kagome system, the triangular lattice has received less attention for studying the thermal Hall effect because the scalar spin chirality cancels out between adjacent triangles. However, such cancellation cannot be perfect if the triangular lattice is distorted. Here, we report that the trimerized triangular lattice of multiferroic hexagonal manganite YMnO3 produces a highly unusual thermal Hall effect under an applied magnetic field. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the thermal Hall conductivity is related to the splitting of the otherwise degenerate two chiralities of its 120˚ magnetic structure. Our result is one of the most unusual cases of topological physics due to this broken Z 2 symmetry of the chirality in the supposedly paramagnetic state of YMnO3, due to strong topological spin fluctuations with the additional intricacy of a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

Abstract Background There is an increasing awareness that diet-related inflammation may have an impact on the stroke. Herein, our goal was to decipher the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with stroke in the US general population. Methods We collected the cross-sectional data of 44,019 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. The association of DII with stroke was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, with its nonlinearity being examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied for identifying key stroke-related dietary factors, which was then included in the establishment of a risk prediction nomogram model, with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve being built to evaluate its discriminatory power for stroke. Results After confounder adjustment, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke across higher DII quartiles were 1.19 (0.94–1.54), 1.46 (1.16–1.84), and 1.87 (1.53–2.29) compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. The RCS curve showed a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke. The nomogram model based on key dietary factors identified by LASSO regression displayed a considerable predicative value for stroke, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 79.8% (78.2–80.1%). Conclusions Our study determined a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke in the US general population. Given the intrinsic limitations of cross-sectional study design, it is necessary to conduct more research to ensure the causality of such association.

Color is an important factor in determining a consumer's desire to buy and an important indicator of meat quality. Processing and storage processes affect the color of meat products. Therefore, research on how to improve the color of meat products can not only improve the quality of meat products but also enhance a consumer's desire to buy. Nitrosomyoglobin is known to be the main substance that exerts color in meat products. Meanwhile, meat products undergo a series of chemical and physical changes during the curing process that also affect the color of cured meat products. This paper reviews the six main factors currently affecting the color of cured meat products: (1) Quality of raw meat and the content of myoglobin; (2) physical structure of the muscle and achromatic aberration; (3) lipid oxidation; (4) Maillard reaction; (5) additives; and (6) packaging methods. In addition, the article also explores the relationship between pH, temperature, water retention and color in cured meat products, in order to provide more ideas for the study of color in cured meat products.

Rock burst is one of the disasters that seriously affect the safe and effective mining of coal in mine mining. It is of great significance and value to study the principle and technology of bolt anti-impact support to prevent and control the rock burst disaster in roadway. Through the summary and analysis of the geological conditions and failure characteristics of the rock burst of the whole coal body in the roadway, it is considered that the hard roof and hard coal seam are the important geological characteristics of this type of rock burst, and the overall slippage of the coal body in the roadway is the main impact failure characteristics. On this basis, taking the sliding coal body of roadway side as the research object, the mechanical model of roof-roadway-floor composite structure is established, and the limit equilibrium equation of horizontal sliding of roadway side coal body is established, and each parameter is analyzed. The results show that due to the rebound of the roof, the vertical pressure of the roadway side coal body is reduced, and the roadway side coal body is pushed into the roadway by the tectonic stress to cause rock burst. Based on the occurrence mechanism model, it is considered that the current bolt support design system has some shortcomings in preventing and controlling the rock burst of the coal body in the roadway. Based on its occurrence and failure characteristics, the design principle of bolt anti-impact support for the overall slippage type rock burst of the coal body in the roadway is established, that is, the anchoring ends of the roof and bottom bolts are respectively penetrated into the stable roof and floor, and the long anchor cable is used to replace the middle side bolt to provide the anti-impact effect of bolt support. Based on the newly established design method of bolt anti-scour support, taking the anti-scour support of 7305 working face of Kongzhuang Coal Mine in Datun Mining Area as the engineering background, the anti-scour design is adopted in the bolt support of roadway side in the wide coal pillar section. The roof and bottom bolts and reinforcing anchor cables are anchored inside the roof and floor, which can effectively absorb the sliding kinetic energy of the coal body and improve the safety.

Background: Resistant starches, such as high-amylose maize starch and resistant potato starch (RPS), have prebiotic effects that are linked to improved metabolism at >15 g/day, but the effects at lower doses have not been reported. Methods: We performed an exploratory post hoc analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs), bile acids (BAs), and ketone bodies in serum previously collected from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of one- and four-week consumption of 3.5 g/day RPS versus a placebo using two-way ANOVA adjusted by pFDR. Associations between week 4 changes in FFAs, BAs, and ketone bodies were assessed by Pearson’s correlations. Results: RPS consumption reduced total FFAs relative to the placebo, including multiple unsaturated FFAs and octanedioic acid, with reductions in taurine- and glycine-conjugated secondary BAs also detected (q < 0.05). No changes in ketone bodies were observed (q > 0.05). Changes in 7-ketodeoxycholic acid (r = −0.595) and glycolithocholic acid (r = −0.471) were inversely correlated with treatment-induced reductions in FFAs for RPS but not the placebo, suggesting the effects were from the prebiotic. Shifts in β-hydroxybutyrate were further correlated with FFA changes in both treatments (q < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that low doses of RPS positively influence fatty acid metabolism in humans, reducing circulating levels of FFA and conjugated BAs.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is notoriously known for evolving strategies to modulate IFN signaling. Despite lots of efforts, the underlying mechanisms have remained incompletely understood. This study concerns the regulatory role of viral inner membrane protein p17. We found that the ASFV p17 shows a preferential interaction with cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway, but not the RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB signaling, and can inhibit both poly(I:C)- and poly(A:T)-induced activation of IRF3, leading to attenuation of IFN-β induction. Mechanistically, p17 interacts with STING and IRF3 and recruits host scaffold protein PR65A, a subunit of cellular phosphatase PP2A, to down-regulate the level of p-IRF3. Also, p17 targets STING for partial degradation via induction of cellular apoptosis that consequently inhibits activation of both p-TBK1 and p-IRF3. Thus, our findings reveal novel regulatory mechanisms for p17 modulation of IFN signaling and shed light on the intricate interplay between ASFV proteins and host immunity.

All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls various behavioral and physiological rhythms. In mammals, the primary circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The rhythm of the circadian clock is controlled by the interaction between negative and positive feedback loops, consisting of crucial clock regulators (including Bmal1 and Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3), and two cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). The development of early mammalian embryos is an ordered and complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts and undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, and compaction. The circadian clock affects the onset and timing of embryonic development. The circadian clock affects many biological processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, and endocrinology, therefore, it is also crucial for overall health, growth and development after birth. This review summarized the effects of the circadian clock in the body’s physiological activities. A new strategy is proposed for the prevention of malformations or diseases by regulating the circadian clock or changing circadian rhythms.

Background Individuals with psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of developing dementia. Most cross-sectional studies suffer from selection bias, underdiagnosis and poor population representation, while there is only limited evidence from longitudinal studies on the role of anxiety, bipolar and psychotic disorders. Electronic health records (EHRs) permit large cohorts to be followed across the lifespan and include a wide range of diagnostic information.Objective To assess the association between four groups of psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder/mania, depression and anxiety) with dementia in two large population-based samples with EHR.Methods Using EHR on nearly 1 million adult individuals in Wales, and from 228 937 UK Biobank participants, we studied the relationships between schizophrenia, mania/bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety and subsequent risk of dementia.Findings In Secure Anonymised Information Linkage, there was a steep increase in the incidence of a first diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in the years prior to the diagnosis of dementia, reaching a peak in the year prior to dementia diagnosis for all psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatric disorders, except anxiety, were highly significantly associated with a subsequent diagnosis of dementia: HRs=2.87, 2.80, 1.63 for schizophrenia, mania/bipolar disorder and depression, respectively. A similar pattern was found in the UK Biobank (HRs=4.46, 3.65, 2.39, respectively) and anxiety was also associated with dementia (HR=1.34). Increased risk of dementia was observed for all ages at onset of psychiatric diagnoses when these were divided into 10-year bins.Conclusions Psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia, with a greater risk of more severe disorders.Clinical implications A late onset of psychiatric disorders should alert clinicians of possible incipient dementia.

Abstract Background Pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma is a special type of lung cancer. Its imaging manifestations are diverse, which brings challenges to clinical diagnosis. However, its formation mechanism is unclear. Objective The objective of this study is to analyse the relevant mechanisms of the formation of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma by observing its different imaging and pathological manifestations. Data and methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on imaging manifestations and pathological data of 103 patients with pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma confirmed intraoperatively or pathologically. Results Forty‐three patients had pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma with a solitary nodule/mass, 41 patients with localized pneumonia and 19 patients with diffuse pneumonia. Their CT manifestations included ‘falling snowflake sign’, ground‐glass opacity close to the heart, vacuous signs/honeycombing and withered tree branches. Under the microscope, all the three types of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma had visibly formed mucus lakes but were made of tumour cells with totally different shapes, which included the goblet‐like shape (tall column‐like shape) and quasi‐circular shape. Tall column‐shaped tumour cells were negative or weakly positive for thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) and strongly positive for ALK mutation, whereas quasi‐circular tumour cells were positive for TTF‐1 and less positive for ALK mutation. Conclusion The different imaging manifestations of mucinous adenocarcinoma are possibly due to the different amounts or viscosity of mucus produced, and the mechanisms of its formation may include (1) tumour cells in different shapes have different abilities to produce mucus; (2) tumours in different stages produce different amounts or viscosity of mucus; and (3) the TTF‐1 and ALK genes affect the production of mucus.

IntroductionSeasonal human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a frequently encountered virus linked to mild upper respiratory infections. However, its potential to cause more severe or widespread disease remains an area of concern. This study aimed to investigate a rare localized epidemic of HCoV-NL63-induced respiratory infections among pediatric patients in Guilin, China, and to understand the viral subtype distribution and genetic characteristics.MethodsIn this study, 83 pediatric patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections and positive for HCoV-NL63 were enrolled. Molecular analysis was conducted to identify the viral subgenotypes and to assess genetic variations in the receptor-binding domain of the spiking protein.ResultsAmong the 83 HCoV-NL63-positive children, three subgenotypes were identified: C4, C3, and B. Notably, 21 cases exhibited a previously unreported subtype, C4. Analysis of the C4 subtype revealed a unique amino acid mutation (I507L) in the receptor-binding domain of the spiking protein, which was also observed in the previously reported C3 genotype. This mutation may suggest potential increases in viral transmissibility and pathogenicity.DiscussionThe findings of this study highlight the rapid mutation dynamics of HCoV-NL63 and its potential for increased virulence and epidemic transmission. The presence of a unique mutation in the C4 subtype, shared with the C3 genotype, raises concerns about the virus’s evolving nature and its potential public health implications. This research contributes valuable insights into the understanding of HCoV-NL63’s epidemiology and pathogenesis, which is crucial for effective disease prevention and control strategies. Future studies are needed to further investigate the biological significance of the observed mutation and its potential impact on the virus’s transmissibility and pathogenicity.

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), an integration center for neuronal signals, is located in the midbrain and regulates multiple physiological and pathological behaviors, including pain, defensive and aggressive behaviors, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular response, respiration, and sleep-wake behaviors. Due to the different neuroanatomical connections and functional characteristics of the four functional columns of PAG, different subregions of PAG synergistically regulate various instinctual behaviors. In the current review, we summarized the role and possible neurobiological mechanism of different subregions of PAG in the regulation of pain, defensive and aggressive behaviors, anxiety, and depression from the perspective of the up-down neuronal circuits of PAG. Furthermore, we proposed the potential clinical applications of PAG. Knowledge of these aspects will give us a better understanding of the key role of PAG in physiological and pathological behaviors and provide directions for future clinical treatments.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between manufacturing industry transfer and land use efficiency in china. Our study found that industrial transfer does not have a significant impact on land use efficiency in the full sample. However, when differentiating between the direction of manufacturing transfer, we found that in areas where manufacturing moves out, it inhibits land use efficiency significantly. Whereas in areas where manufacturing moves in, it has no significant impact on land use efficiency. We further analyzed the impact of manufacturing adjustment range and adjustment quality on land use efficiency. The results show that manufacturing structure adjustment has a positive impact on land use efficiency in the full sample and manufacturing immigration areas. In manufacturing emigration areas, manufacturing adjustment quality inhibits land use efficiency significantly, while manufacturing adjustment range improves land use efficiency significantly. Based on these findings, we suggest some policy recommendations to improve land use efficiency through manufacturing transfer.

Summary: Ferroptosis and ferritinophagy play critical roles in various disease contexts. Herein, we observed that ferroptosis and ferritinophagy were induced both in the brains of mice with diabetes mellitus (DM) and neuronal cells after high glucose (HG) treatment, as evidenced by decreases in GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin levels, but increases in NCOA4 levels. Interestingly, melatonin administration ameliorated neuronal damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ferritinophagy both in vivo and in vitro. At the molecular level, we found that not only the ferroptosis inducer p53 but also the ferritinophagy mediator NCOA4 was the potential target of miR-214-3p, which was downregulated by DM status or HG insult, but was increased after melatonin treatment. However, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on ferroptosis and ferritinophagy were blocked by miR-214-3p downregulation. These findings suggest that melatonin is a potential drug for improving diabetic brain damage by inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis and NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy through regulating miR-214-3p in neurons.

Objective: Laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy has been proven to be achievable for segmentectomy, subsegmentectomy and multi-segmentectomy. The extraglissonian approach in the context of selective hepatic inflow occlusion has been skilled under laparoscopy. This study aims to examine the suitability of the technique stated above for laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 114 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy using the extraglissonian hepatic inflow occlusion technique at the Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital between September 2020 and December 2022. Results: The success rate of achieving the ischemic area using the described methods was determined to be 74.6%. Out of the 85 cases that underwent laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy, 34 cases involved segmentectomy, 5 cases involved subsegmentectomy, and 46 cases involved multi-segmentectomy. The average duration of the operation, blood loss volume, and postoperative hospital stay were 229.0 ± 85.0 min, 133.0 ± 112.0 mL, and 5.4 ± 1.7 d, respectively. Notably, no intraoperative blood transfusions were necessary, and no postoperative complications were observed. Conclusion: The extraglissonian hepatic inflow occlusion technique exhibits a notable advantage in terms of a high success rate, effectively guiding the selection process during laparoscopic parenchymal transection. Moreover, this technique has demonstrated safety, reproducibility, and significant potential for broader clinical adoption.

Abstract One of the main challenges in excavating roadways is implementing temporary supports that are powered by hydraulics and have high strength. The current temporary support system lacks active support and often causes separation between the top plate and the layer below. It is crucial to control the initial separation of the roadway roof for the stability of the surrounding rock, especially on roadways with loose and soft rock. This research focuses on the A4027 return airway in Sail Six Mine. The issues with the temporary support system in this airway have been identified. The concept and principle of using hydraulically driven, high-strength temporary support technology are proposed. A mechanical analysis model is created to study the stacked roof in the temporary support region, and the critical conditions for delamination of the top plate are determined. The relationship between the delamination difficulty parameter Q, the distance between temporary supports L, and the strength of the temporary supports q is quantified. Numerical simulation using Flac3d is used to model the relationship between the strength of the temporary supports and the deformation and stress of the rock on the roof. The overall strength of the temporary supports for the A4027 return airway is determined to be 10 kN/m2, with a distance of 2 m between the temporary supports. Hydraulically driven, high-strength temporary support devices are developed and tested for their strength. Field trials are conducted as well. The results show that the initial separation of the top plate is improved and that the support effect in the temporary support region is significant. The maximum separation of the top plate during excavation is only 34 mm, and the sinking of the top plate does not exceed 68 mm. This effectively limits the deformation of the surrounding rocks in the very soft coal seam, providing valuable insights for other roadways with similar conditions.

AbstractContext Hyperoside (Hyp), one of the active flavones from Rhododendron (Ericaceae), has beneficial effects against cerebrovascular disease. However, the effect of Hyp on vasodilatation has not been elucidated.Objective To explore the effect of Hyp on vasodilatation in the cerebral basilar artery (CBA) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats suffering with ischaemic–reperfusion (IR) injury.Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, model, Hyp, Hyp + channel blocker and channel blocker groups. Hyp (50 mg/kg, IC50 = 18.3 μg/mL) and channel blocker were administered via tail vein injection 30 min before ischaemic, followed by 20 min of ischaemic and 2 h of reperfusion. The vasodilation, hyperpolarization, ELISA assay, haematoxylin–eosin (HE), Nissl staining and channel-associated proteins and qPCR were analysed. Rat CBA smooth muscle cells were isolated to detect the Ca2+ concentration and endothelial cells were isolated to detect apoptosis rate.Results Hyp treatment significantly ameliorated the brain damage induced by IR and evoked endothelium-dependent vasodilation rate (47.93 ± 3.09% vs. 2.99 ± 1.53%) and hyperpolarization (–8.15 ± 1.87 mV vs. −0.55 ± 0.42 mV) by increasing the expression of IP3R, PKC, transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 4 (TRPV4), IKCa and SKCa in the CBA. Moreover, Hyp administration significantly reduced the concentration of Ca2+ (49.08 ± 7.74% vs. 83.52 ± 6.93%) and apoptosis rate (11.27 ± 1.89% vs. 23.44 ± 2.19%) in CBA. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of Hyp were blocked by channel blocker.Discussion and conclusions Although Hyp showed protective effect in ischaemic stroke, more clinical trial certification is needed due to the difference between animals and humans.

Abstract Coal and gas outburst is a complex dynamic disaster during coal underground mining. Revealing the disaster mechanism is of great significance for accurate prediction and prevention of coal and gas outburst. The geo-dynamic system of coal and gas outburst is proposed. The framework of geo-dynamic system is composed of gassy coal mass, geological dynamic environment and mining disturbance. Equations of stress–damage–seepage interaction for gassy coal mass is constructed to resolve the outburst elimination process by gas extraction with boreholes through layer in floor roadway. The results show the occurrence of outburst is divided into the evolution process of gestation, formation, development and termination of geo-dynamic system. The scale range of outburst occurrence is determined, which provides a spatial basis for the prevention and control of outburst. The formation criterion and instability criterion of coal and gas outburst are established. The formation criterion F 1 is defined as the scale of the geo-dynamic system, and the instability criterion F 2 is defined as the scale of the outburst geo-body. According to the geo-dynamic system, the elimination mechanism of coal and gas outburst—‘unloading + depressurization’ is established, and the gas extraction by boreholes through layer in floor roadway for outburst elimination is given. For the research case, when the gas extraction is 120 days, the gas pressure of the coal seam is reduced to below 0.4 MPa, and the outburst danger is eliminated effectively.

In response to the issues of inconsistent factor selection and limited training samples in debris flow factor-based evaluation methods, this study proposed a prototypical network-based approach for assessing the susceptibility of valley debris flow disasters. The method involves organizing the training data through meta-learning and calculating the prototype center for each valley type, serving as a representative of that category. Subsequently, the distance between the features of unknown samples and the prototype center of each class is computed to determine the probability of their classification. Based on the category probabilities, the debris flow susceptibility index of the valley is calculated to obtain the evaluation grade for debris flow susceptibility. The model was applied to evaluate the valleys in Nujiang Prefecture, and its results were compared with historical disaster data, yielding a classification accuracy rate of 67.39%. The evaluation levels provided by the model align well with the severity of debris flow disasters in historical events. Compared to traditional methods such as field surveys and factor evaluation, the method proposed in this paper allows for the rapid identification and evaluation of debris flow disaster areas using remote sensing imagery, presenting new insights for research on early warning and prediction of debris flow disasters.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to develop a simplified diagnostic tool for assessing sarcopenia and myosteatosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients, focusing on the creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) as an evaluation marker. Methods 955 patients were split into training (n = 671) and validation (n = 284) cohorts. Using logistic regression, risk factors for sarcopenia and myosteatosis were identified. The predictive capacity of the developed model was examined. The association between CCR and muscle imaging parameters, along with its impact on clinical outcomes, was analyzed. Results No significant differences were observed in baseline traits between cohorts. CCR emerged as a significant risk factor for both sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nomograms for diagnosing these conditions demonstrated strong predictive ability, with AUC values indicating high accuracy (sarcopenia AUC: 0.865–0.872; myosteatosis AUC: 0.848–0.849). The clinical utility of the nomograms was confirmed through decision curve analysis. CCR showed significant association with muscle imaging parameters and was a reliable indicator for assessing the risk of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and cachexia. Moreover, CCR was able to differentiate between patient survival and disease progression rates. Conclusion A diagnostic tool for sarcopenia and myosteatosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients was developed, with CCR being a pivotal biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Graphical Abstract

Abstract The transition from deep dormancy to seed germination is essential for the life cycle of plants, but how this process occurs in the gymnosperm Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis var mairei), the natural source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, remains unclear. Herein, we analyse the transcriptome, proteome, spatial metabolome, and spatial lipidome of the Chinese yew and present the multi-omics profiles of dormant and germinating seeds. Our results show that abscisic acid and gibberellic acid 12 homoeostasis is closely associated with gene transcription and protein translation, and the balance between these phytohormones thereby determines if seeds remain dormant or germinate. We find that an energy supply of carbohydrates from glycolysis and the TCA cycle feed into the pentose phosphate pathway during seed germination, and energy supplied from lipids are mainly derived from the lipolysis of triacylglycerols. Using mass spectrometry imaging, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of plant hormones and phospholipids has a remarkable influence on embryo development. We also provide an atlas of the spatial distribution of paclitaxel C in Chinese yew seeds for the first time. The data from this study enable exploration of the germination mechanism of Chinese yew seeds across several omics levels.

Accurate network topology information serves as the foundation for the operation of active control and active management, which have become indispensable requirements for the development of distribution networks with the growth of intelligence and information technology. The access of user-side Internet of Things (IoT) devices makes the topology of distribution network increasingly complex. IoT devices provide a considerable amount of information, which serves as the data basis for identifying the distribution network’s structure. The cyber–physical distribution system (CPDS) and the entire IoT distribution architecture are initially introduced in this study. Next, we enumerate the communication requirements of certain IoT services to illustrate the feasibility of IoT devices acquiring measurement data. Then, based on the measurement data that can be collected in real time by the user-side IoT devices, a data-driven low-voltage (LV) distribution network topology identification method is proposed through the similarity analysis of the measurement data. Finally, a real LV distribution network is used to validate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method, and the case study proves that the topology identification scheme is accurate and efficient. The method can provide correct physical connection information of LV distribution network, solving the problems of inflexibility and inefficiency of existing LV distribution network topology identification methods.

In underground coal mines, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bolt is ideal for mined rib reinforcements as it can prevent gas explosions caused by shearer frictional spark. With increasing mining depth, small diameter FRP bolts used in shallow underground mining cannot fulfil the rib support requirements. Under the engineering background of deep underground shortwall mining in Wudong coal mine, this paper systematically studies Φ27 mm FRP bolt support for large deformation coal rib. Specimens with a fan-shaped cross-section were used to enable the tensile testing of the bolt rod, the measured average tensile strength of the studied FRP bolt was (486.1 ± 9.6) MPa with a maximum elongation of 5.7%±0.6%. The shear strength of the bolt was measured as approximately 258 MPa using a self-made double shear testing apparatus. Based on the equivalent radial stiffness principle, a laboratory short encapsulation pullout test (SEPT) method for rib bolting has been developed undertaken consideration of the mechanical properties of the coal seam. Results showed that the average peak anchorage forces of the Φ27 mm FRP bolt and Φ20 mm steel rebar bolt were 108.4 and 66.4 kN, respectively, which were agreed with the theoretical calculations and field measurements. Based on theoretical analysis of the loading states of the bolt under site conditions, bolting method of full-length resin grouting was adopted to offset the weaknesses of the FRP bolt. Numerical method was employed to compare the bolting effect using Φ27 mm FRP bolts and steel rebar bolts. Large diameter FRP bolting was determined as the optimum rib support scheme to increase the productivity of the coal mine and to enhance the ground control capability for +425 level mining roadways. This study provides the laboratory testing design and theoretical prediction of large diameter FRP bolts used for rib support in large deformation roadways.

In order to reveal the genetic mechanism of deep-buried carbonate reservoirs, a study was made based on well Peng-1 in Shunnan area of the Tarim Basin. The core section of well Peng-1 revealed that a large number of fractures and dissolution pores were developed in the carbonate rocks with buried depth of over 7 500 m. Based on detailed core observation and description, it was found that the dissolution pores were mainly distributed in the Upper Cambrian dolomites in the lower part of the core section and few in the Lower Ordovician carbonates in the upper part of the core section. The diameter of pores increases gradually with the increase of burial depth, which indicated that the pores were formed by infiltration of deep-seated hydrothermal fluids rather than meteoric water. The similar δ13C values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of different types of minerals (including dolomite and calcite) with host rocks indicated that the diagenetic fluids inherited the geochemical characteristics of original sequestered pore water through intense water-rock action with the original carbonate rocks. However, the significantly negative δ18O values (with an average of -13.26 ‰) suggested that they were precipitated from fluids with high temperatures. This inference was verified by the results of fluid inclusion microthermometry, which confirmed that dolomite recrystallization and subsequent calcite precipitation were closely associated with fault-related deep-seated hydrothermal fluids. In addition, whole diameter CT scanning revealed that fractures can significantly improve the reservoir property and permeability of the dolomite formed by hydrothermal dolomitization. The permeability can be improved by at least one order of magnitude, i.e. from 0.02×10-3 μm2 to 0.39×10-3 μm2. Hydrothermal-related dolomite reservoirs may be extensively developed in the deep/ultra-deep buried carbonates in the Tarim Basin in view of the occurrence of such phenomenon in the well TS1 and Gucheng area. Thus, in the future hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin and elsewhere, hydrothermal-altered dolomite reservoirs deserve more attention.

Abstract Background To investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the prevalence of respiratory viruses among pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in Xuzhou from 2015–2021. Methods Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases in hospitalized children were collected from 2015–2021 in Xuzhou, China. Influenza virus(IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus type 3(hPIV-3), human rhinovirus (hRV), human adenovirus(hAdV), human coronavirus(hCoV) were detected by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR), and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results A total of 1663 samples with SARI were collected from 2015–2021, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.67:1 and a total virus detection rate of 38.5% (641/1663). The total detection rate of respiratory viruses decreased from 46.2% (2015–2019) to 36% (2020–2021) under the control measures for COVID-19 (P 0.05). After the control measures, the detection rate of hPIV-3 decreased in all age groups, and the detection rate of hCoV increased in all except the 1 ~ 3 years old group. Conclusions Implementing control measures for COVID-19 outbreak curbed the spread of respiratory viruses among children as a whole. However, the epidemic of RV and RSV was not affected by the COVID-19 control policy.

Introduction: Drug dosages and combinations are the main factors that affect the efficacy of pleiotropic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Coptis chinensis Franch. (CF) is a representative TCM with multiple effects and is often combined with Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley (TR) to treat cholestasis. The present study assessed the influence of CF dose and its combination with TR on the efficacy of CF in cholestasis treatment, including their effects on fecal metabolism and fecal microorganisms.Methods: Rats with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 50 mg/kg)-induced cholestasis were administered low (0.3 g/kg) and high (0.6 g/kg) doses of CF, as well as CF combined with TR at doses of 0.6 g/kg and 0.9 g/kg, respectively. The anti-cholestatic effects of these treatments were assessed by determining their anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidative stress properties. Additionally, fecal metabolomics and fecal microorganisms were analyzed.Results: Low dose CF had a more potent hypolipidemic effect than high dose CF, whereas high dose CF had more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Combination with TR enhanced the hypolipidemic effect, but antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect, of CF. Analyses of fecal metabolomics and fecal microorganisms showed differences in the regulation of lipid- and amino acid metabolism-related pathways, including pathways of linoleic acid, tyrosine, and arachidonic acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis between different doses of CF as well as between different doses of CF in combination with TR. These differences may contribute to differences in the anti-cholestatic effects of these preparations.Conclusion: CF dose influences its anti-cholestatic efficacy. The combination with TR had synergistic or antagonistic effects on the properties of CF, perhaps by altering fecal metabolism and fecal microbial homeostasis.

BackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) can physiologically correct complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), and has become the best alternative to biventricular pacing (BiVP).ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of LBBP and BiVP in patients with heart failure (HF) complicated with CLBBB.MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective study. Patients with HF complicated with CLBBB who underwent successful cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital from June 2018 to June 2023 were enrolled and divided into LBBP group and BiVP group according to the pacing method. The primary endpoints were the absolute increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and echocardiographic response rate. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization (HFH), NT-proBNP, paced QRS duration, pacing threshold, and procedural duration.ResultsA total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study, including 60 patients in LBBP group and 60 patients in BiVP group. The median follow-up time was 37 ± 19 months. Compared with BiVP group, LBBP group had a more significant increase in absolute LVEF (ΔLVEF) (14.8 ± 9.9% vs. 10.7 ± 9.0%, P = 0.02), a more significant reduction in LVEDD (56.9 ± 10.9 mm vs. 61.1 ± 10.8 mm, P = 0.03), and a higher echocardiographic super response rate (65% vs. 45%, P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality (1.7% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.11) and HFH (6.7% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.22). In terms of paced QRS duration (128.7 ± 14.1 ms vs. 137.5 ± 16.5 ms, P = 0.002), pacing threshold (0.72 ± 0.21 V/0.4 ms vs. 1.39 ± 0.51 V/0.4 ms, P

Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zx) are promising healthy food ingredients; however, the low solubilities, stabilities, and bioavailabilities limit their applications in the food and beverage industries. A protein-based complex represents an efficient protective carrier for hydrophobic ligands, and its ligand-binding properties are influenced by the formulation conditions, particularly the pH level. This study explored the effects of various pH values (2.5–9.5) on the characteristics of whey protein isolate (WPI)–Lut/Zx complexes using multiple spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies and dynamic light scattering (DLS). UV–Vis and DLS spectra revealed that Lut/Zx were present as H-aggregates in aqueous solutions, whereas WPI occurred as nanoparticles. The produced WPI–Lut/Zx complexes exhibited binding constants of 104–105 M−1, which gradually increased with increasing pH from 2.5 to 9.5. FTIR spectra demonstrated that pH variations and Lut/Zx addition caused detectable changes in the secondary WPI structure. Moreover, the WPI–Lut/Zx complexes effectively improved the physicochemical stabilities and antioxidant activities of Lut/Zx aggregates during long-term storage and achieved bioaccessibilities above 70% in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion process. The comprehensive data obtained in this study offer a basis for formulating strategies that can be potentially used in developing commercially available WPI complex-based xanthophyll-rich foods.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to study the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection from hospitalized children with ARTI in Bengbu.MethodsOne hundred twenty-four nasopharyngeal swab specimens and clinical data from children with ARTI cases were collected in Bengbu, China, during winter 2021–2022. The samples were detected by qPCR of 13 respiratory viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was constructed using MEGA 7.0. All analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.4.ResultsIn winter 2021–2022, URTI, NSCAP, SCAP, and bronchiolitis accounted for 41.03%, 27.35%, 17.09%, and 14.53% of hospitalized children in Bengbu, China. The detection rates of the top three were RSV (41.94%), ADV (5.65%), and FluB (5.65%) in hospitalized children through 13 virus detection. RSV is the main pathogen of hospitalized children under 2 years old. Forty-eight sequences of G protein of RSV were obtained through PCR amplification, including RSV-A 37 strains and RSV-B 11 strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RSV-A and RSV-B were ON1 and BA9 genotypes, respectively. ON1 genotypes were further divided into two clades. The majority of ON1 strains formed a unique genetic clade with T113I, V131D, N178 G, and H258Q mutations. Furthermore, RSV infection was an independent risk factor for ventilator use (OR = 9.55, 95% CI 1.87–48.64).ConclusionThere was a high incidence of RSV among hospitalized children during winter 2021–2022 in Bengbu with ON1 and BA9 being the dominant strains. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in children with respiratory infections in Bengbu, China.

Abstract Starch,as the main source of carbohydrates in the diet, provides energy for various activities of the body. Different types and structures of starch lead to variations in digestion and absorption, thereby affecting blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in the body. Resistant starch (RS) has gained much attention because of its unique properties; it is not digested in the small intestine but ferments in the large intestine and produces short-chain fatty acids. RS has been found to play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, fat metabolism, cholesterol levels and mineral absorption. Furthermore, RS has a high thermal stability, white color and low water holding capacity, making it useful in a wide range of food industry applications. This review aims to provide an update on the physiological effects of RS under physiological and pathological conditions, to provide information on the applications of RS in the food industry, and to assess whether dietary strategies to improve RS could have potential prevention and therapeutic effects for metabolic disorders associated with diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Graphical Abstract

There are abundant hydrocarbon resources in the strike-slip fault-controlled ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin. Large strike-slip faults and natural fractures are the main storage space and flow channel of hydrocarbon resources. It is of great significance to study the natural fracture development characteristics in such reservoirs. 39 limestone samples and 7 dolomite samples from 5 wells in Shunbei area are taken as research objects. Through the analysis of thin section of lithofacies, fine description of natural fractures and brittleness test evaluation of core samples, the main controlling factors and influence laws of natural fracture development in Shunbei reservoir are studied. It is found that the reservoir lithology of Middle and Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Yijianfang Formation in Shunbei area is dolomite and limestone, and the lithofacies include grainstone, wackestone, packstone, boundstone, muddy limestone, silicified limestone, silty-fine crystal dolomite and medium-coarse crystal dolomite. In limestone samples, muddy limestone has the highest brittleness index and natural fracture development density, while boundstone has the lowest brittleness index and natural fracture development density. In dolomite samples, the brittleness index of medium-coarse crystalline dolomite is higher than that of silty-fine crystal dolomite, and the coarser the grains are, the more developed the natural fractures are. There is a positive correlation between the natural fracture development density and the brittleness index of rock samples. The porosity, permeability and brittleness index of dolomite are higher than those of limestone. Under the same brittleness index, the fracture development ability of limestone is stronger. Therefore, the highly brittle section of limestone stratum is more likely to be the geological sweet spot in Shunbei area.

Coal burst tendency is the natural property of whether coal rock mass can have coal burst, and the distribution of fissures has an important influence on it. In order to study the influence mechanism of the original coal fissures on the energy dissipation characteristics and coal burst tendency, the PFC2D numerical simulation method was used to conduct uniaxial compression tests on coal specimens with different fracture types. The results show that: ①With the increase of the inclination angle of the fissure, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the macroscopic mechanical parameters show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing; when the inclination angle of the fissure is 30, both of them reach the minimum value. The relationship between the macro-mechanical parameters of different fracture types is: non-coplanar parallel double-fissure specimen < single-fissure specimen < co-planar discontinuous double-fissure specimen.②The variation law of elastic strain energy and total strain energy is similar to that of macroscopic mechanical parameters. The parallel and non-coplanar fracture specimens form an energy dissipation structure between the fissures, and the coplanar discontinuous double-fissure specimen forms an energy concentration area between the fissures, revealing the intrinsic reason for the relationship between the elastic energy of different fracture types. ③The coal burst tendency is analyzed from the two perspectives of the ability of coal and rock to store elastic energy and the ability to release elastic energy after failure, and two coal burst tendency indicators, elastic energy storage rate and elastic energy release rate, are proposed. ④With the increase of the fissure inclination angle, both the elastic energy storage rate and the elastic energy release rate showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing; when the fissure inclination angle was 30, the two coal burst propensity indexes both achieved the minimum value. The relationship between the coal burst tendency of different fracture types is: non-coplanar parallel double-fissure specimen < single-fissure specimen < co-planar discontinuous double-fissure specimen. The distribution of fissures has a significant coal burst on the coal burst tendency of coal mass, and the factor of fissures should be considered in the evaluation of the coal burst tendency of coal and rock mass and the prevention and control of rock burst.

Although the safety in the production of the mines in China has improved, coal bursts pose a serious threat to coal mines, especially deep mining. There have been eight coal bursts accidents with forty-eight deaths in the past five years. These accidents stem from the stopgap measures in terms of prevention and control and the unawareness of the occurrence mechanism of coal bursts. Furthermore, the sufficiently-mined mines in the east of China, such as the Juye and Yanzhou coal mines in Shandong province, are characterized by deep mining and strong disturbance. Whereas the insufficiently-mined mines in the west, such as the Ordos coal mine in Inner Mongolia province and Binchang coal mine in Shaanxi province, are characterized by high-intensity mining and hard rock strata. These complex mining environments create new challenges for preventing and controlling coal bursts. Therefore, the mechanism, prevention, and control of coal bursts have become a major engineering and scientific problem to be addressed urgently. The source-preventing method is the key issue in handling it. This paper reviewed the documents regarding the basic theory and numerical technology of coal bursts, monitoring and identification technology of dangerous zones, regional and local prevention and control technology, and equipment. Then, a new perspective of source prevention and control was proposed. Given this perspective, two scientific questions were detailed, including the source properties and prevention and control principles of coal burst during the process. Furthermore, four technical questions were also discussed, containing the fine simulation technology for the whole process of coal burst, the monitoring technology of coal rock stress and full-scale overburden structure in the entire life cycle of the mine, the accurate and intelligent identification technology of the danger zone with the proneness of coal burst, the collaborative prevention, and control technology of coal burst in the coal mine. Finally, the corresponding prevention and control methods and technical frameworks were formulated according to the characteristics of production and new mines. The findings will create a new way to prevent and control coal bursts. It also provides theoretical bases and technical support for the “zero bursts” goal for coal mines.