37 results on '"Grover, Samantha P."'
Search Results
2. Organic matter decomposition in mountain peatlands: effects of substrate quality and peatland degradation
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Jayasekara, Charuni, Leigh, Catherine, Shimeta, Jeff, Silvester, Ewen, and Grover, Samantha
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- 2024
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3. Near-surface chemical properties of soils in the Australian Alps
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Treby, Sarah, Venn, Susanna E., Kennedy, Hannah A.R., and Grover, Samantha P.
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- 2024
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4. Carbon and nitrogen storage in Australian Sphagnum peatlands: The influence of feral horse degradation
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Treby, Sarah and Grover, Samantha P.
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- 2024
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5. Degradation Reduces Microbial Richness and Alters Microbial Functions in an Australian Peatland
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Birnbaum, Christina, Wood, Jennifer, Lilleskov, Erik, Lamit, Louis James, Shannon, James, Brewer, Matthew, and Grover, Samantha
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- 2023
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6. Carbon emissions from Australian Sphagnum peatlands increase with feral horse (Equus caballus) presence
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Treby, Sarah and Grover, Samantha P.
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- 2023
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7. Differences in Tropical Peat Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Under Different Land Uses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Kunarso, Adi, Bonner, Mark T. L., Blanch, Ewan W., and Grover, Samantha
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- 2022
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8. Alpine shrub leaf litter decomposition across mountain summits in south‐eastern Australia
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Venn, Susanna E., primary, Camac, James, additional, Grover, Samantha P., additional, and Morgan, John W., additional
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- 2024
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9. Principles for equitable and resilient tropical peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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Toumbourou, Tessa D., Lestari, Sri, Yuwati, Tri W., Treby, Sarah, Winarno, Bondan, Rachmanadi, Dony, Idrus, Nafila I., Sakuntaladewi, Niken, Budiningsih, Kushartati, Grover, Samantha P. P., and Rawluk, Andrea
- Subjects
PEATLAND restoration ,FIRE prevention ,SOCIAL history ,RESEARCH personnel ,SOCIAL groups - Abstract
Indonesia's tropical peatlands are crucial global carbon stores but have been heavily degraded in recent decades. We present seven principles for equitable and resilient tropical peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, host to 19% of Indonesia's tropical peatland area, where local livelihoods, cultural practices, and indigenous social relations remain closely connected. Our collaborative methods employed a Delphi survey and focus group discussions with researchers from various disciplines to develop a shared vision for restoration. This vision served as a boundary object during interviews with diverse stakeholders involved in peatland restoration in Central Kalimantan, allowing for refinement and adaptation of the vision and the development of principles to achieve it. The principles emphasize inclusive and collaborative decision‐making, planning, and implementation; site‐specific approaches adapted to local social and ecological conditions; and ensuring the informed consent of and fair benefit distribution to all local social groups. They also emphasize a holistic, integrated, and long‐term approach to restoration that considers multiple aspects, including hydrological function, vegetation regeneration, fire prevention, locally appropriate livelihood benefits, inclusive governance, and adaptive management practices. These principles serve as a starting point for resilience‐oriented social‐ecological restoration practice and policy formulation, aiming to facilitate equitable, effective, and resilient tropical peatland restoration outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. An agricultural practise with climate and food security benefits: “Claying” with kaolinitic clay subsoil decreased soil carbon priming and mineralisation in sandy cropping soils
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Grover, Samantha P., Butterly, Clayton R., Wang, Xiaojuan, Gleeson, Deirdre B., Macdonald, Lynne M., Hall, David, and Tang, Caixian
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- 2020
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11. Global CO2 fertilization of Sphagnum peat mosses via suppression of photorespiration during the twentieth century
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Serk, Henrik, Nilsson, Mats B., Bohlin, Elisabet, Ehlers, Ina, Wieloch, Thomas, Olid, Carolina, Grover, Samantha, Kalbitz, Karsten, Limpens, Juul, Moore, Tim, Münchberger, Wiebke, Talbot, Julie, Wang, Xianwei, Knorr, Klaus-Holger, Pancotto, Verónica, and Schleucher, Jürgen
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- 2021
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12. Global Patterns of Metal and Other Element Enrichment in Bog and Fen Peatlands.
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Osborne, Chetwynd, Gilbert-Parkes, Spencer, Spiers, Graeme, Lamit, Louis James, Lilleskov, Erik A., Basiliko, Nathan, Watmough, Shaun, Global Peatland Microbiome Project, Andersen, Roxanne, Artz, Rebekka E., Benscoter, Brian W., Bragazza, Luca, Bräuer, Suzanna L., Carson, Michael A., Chen, Xin, Chimner, Rodney A., Clarkson, Bev R., Enriquez, Andrea S., Grover, Samantha P., and Harris, Lorna I.
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BOGS ,PEATLANDS ,ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen ,RARE earth metals ,COPPER ,MEDIAN (Mathematics) - Abstract
Peatlands are found on all continents, covering 3% of the global land area. However, the spatial extent and causes of metal enrichment in peatlands is understudied and no attempt has been made to evaluate global patterns of metal enrichment in bog and fen peatlands, despite that certain metals and rare earth elements (REE) arise from anthropogenic sources. We analyzed 368 peat cores sampled in 16 countries across five continents and measured metal and other element concentrations at three depths down to 70 cm as well as estimated cumulative atmospheric S deposition (1850–2009) for each site. Sites were assigned to one of three distinct broadly recognized peatland categories (bog, poor fen, and intermediate-to-moderately rich fen) that varied primarily along a pH gradient. Metal concentrations differed among peatland types, with intermediate-to-moderately rich fens demonstrating the highest concentrations of most metals. Median enrichment factors (EFs; a metric comparing natural and anthropogenic metal deposition) for individual metals were similar among bogs and fens (all groups), with metals likely to be influenced by anthropogenic sources (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Sb) demonstrating median enrichment factors (EFs) > 1.5. Additionally, mean EFs were substantially higher than median values, and the positive correlation (< 0.40) with estimated cumulative atmospheric S deposition, confirmed some level of anthropogenic influence of all pollutant metals except for Hg that was unrelated to S deposition. Contrary to expectations, high EFs were not restricted to pollutant metals, with Mn, K and Rb all exhibiting elevated median EFs that were in the same range as pollutant metals likely due to peatland biogeochemical processes leading to enrichment of these nutrients in surface soil horizons. The global patterns of metal enrichment in bogs and fens identified in this study underscore the importance of these peatlands as environmental archives of metal deposition, but also illustrates that biogeochemical processes can enrich metals in surface peat and EFs alone do not necessarily indicate atmospheric contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Land use change alters carbon composition and degree of decomposition of tropical peat soils.
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Kunarso, Adi, Farquharson, Ryan, Rachmanadi, Dony, Hearn, Kyle, Blanch, Ewan W., and Grover, Samantha
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Drainage associated with land use change in tropical peatlands has increased the rate of decomposition of peat soils and contributed to CO2 emissions. Increased decomposition may result in changes in the composition of the soil organic carbon (SOC). We examined the carbon functional group composition and degree of decomposition of peat soils under five different land uses to understand the effects of changing management intensity on tropical peatland soils. Samples were collected from seven sites spanning five different land uses (forest, shrubland, fernland, revegetation, smallholder oil palm) at the Pedamaran peatland in South Sumatra, Indonesia. SOC composition, measured by Solid-state
13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, was dominated by the alkyl carbon (C) functional group in managed peatlands. However, in the forest far from drainage canals, the SOC comprised predominantly O-alkyl C. The contributions of the functional groups ketone C, carbonyl C and O-aryl C were low and tended to occur in stable proportions throughout the soil profiles. Drainage and land use change significantly affected peat carbon chemistry. The effects were greatest under oil palm, where O-alkyl C had been depleted rapidly under aerobic conditions leading to a change in the dominant carbon functional group from O-alkyl C to alkyl C. Furthermore, our results indicate that the alkyl C:O-alkyl C ratio is a more useful and informative indicator of the degree of decomposition of peat soil than the traditionally used C:N ratio. This more nuanced understanding of the different types of carbon that make up tropical peat soils under different land uses can be applied to support peatland restoration. In particular, nutrient cycling and water availability are likely to be influenced by carbon functional group and degree of decomposition. In order to reduce fire risk and support Indonesia's aspirations to manage the national forest estate as a net carbon sink, further research into the links between peat soil organic carbon chemistry, revegetation performance and new peat accumulation is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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14. Identifying a shared vision for peatland restoration: adapting the Delphi method to enhance collaboration.
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Toumbourou, Tessa D., Grover, Samantha, Arifanti, Virni Budi, Budiningsih, Kushartati, Idrus, Nafila Izazaya, Lestari, Sri, Rachmanadi, Dony, Sakuntaladewi, Niken, Salminah, Mimi, Treby, Sarah, Winarno, Bondan, Yuwati, Tri Wira, Ramawati, and Rawluk, Andrea
- Abstract
In this article we propose and apply a methodology for collaboratively creating and reaching agreement over a shared vision for peatland restoration. The purpose is to identify a shared understanding of the various parts of a just, inclusive and sustainable restored peatland as well as productive tensions between and across divergent disciplinary domains focused on peatland restoration. We involved an interdisciplinary group of researchers and practitioners working on various aspects of tropical peatland restoration and management in Indonesia, where there is a recognised need for clearer goals and/or definitions of restoration outcomes to focus manifold stakeholder efforts. To increase opportunities for participation and interaction between participants, our methodology built on and adapted a well-established Delphi survey method by combining it with focus group discussions. This allowed multiple points of view to be considered and new knowledge to emerge. The vision produced through this process bridges across different disciplinary tensions to fulfil ecological and social outcomes. While the vision is specific to the complex political economic and socio-ecological context of Indonesia's tropical peatland, the phased methodology for collaborative visioning can be adapted for application to other social ecological challenges, or to guide planning and practice by other stakeholder groups aiming to articulate a desired future state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Community perceptions of peat rewetting in Tumbang Nusa Village, Indonesia.
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Fleming, Aysha, Mendham, Daniel S., Sakuntaladewi, Niken, Grover, Samantha, Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo, Paul, Bardolf, Nasution, Agus H., Lestari, Sri, Sinclair, Amanda L., Rachmanadi, Dony, Yuwati, Tri Wira, and Winarno, Bondan
- Abstract
Indonesia is committed to rewetting peatlands to reduce the risk of fires and to decrease national greenhouse gas emissions. The three main approaches currently being implemented for rewetting peatlands in Indonesia are: 1) installing dams in drainage canals - "canal blocking"; 2) filling in drainage canals - "backfilling"; and 3) drilling wells to access water to fight fires - "deep wells". Tumbang Nusa in Central Kalimantan was chosen in 2020 as a pilot village to trial fire management through rewetting, although some engineering and logistical questions remain. Peatland rewetting is a complex process, and it is essential to determine public support as well as the potential for communities to live and work with rewet peat landscapes. Community attitudes to rewetting and their involvement in the process are not well understood. This article reports on 20 interviews conducted with villagers in Tumbang Nusa about their perceptions of rewetting. It identifies that the general attitude to rewetting is positive, but there is confusion and a lack of involvement with regard to where deep wells have been drilled and where canal blocks are located, as well as how they work and can be used. Villagers are concerned about their livelihoods and the impacts of fire. To support communities where rewetting will occur, careful management of the physical processes is needed, but even more important is the need for greater involvement of local communities in actively developing possibilities for their own futures on rewet peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Social and Ecological Dimensions of Tropical Peatland Restoration: FOREWORD.
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Grover, Samantha, Treby, Sarah, Mendham, Daniel S., Yuwati, Tri W., Sakuntaladewi, Niken, Langston, James D., and Rawluk, Andrea
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Tropical peatlands in Indonesia have attracted international and domestic attention and concern in recent decades. Indonesian peatlands provide globally significant climate regulation and biodiversity provisioning ecosystem services and are central to the lives of local communities, yet they have undergone significant degradation via drainage and fire. There is a growing call for scientific knowledge of the social, environmental and practice dimensions of peatland restoration in Indonesia. This Special Volume of Mires and Peat is a collaborative effort by an Indonesian and Australian team of biophysical and social scientists to showcase primary research and systematic reviews that engage with the complexity of tropical peatland fire, conservation and restoration in Indonesia. We explore lives above ground (people and plants) and below ground (microbes, plants and the dynamic peat itself) and identify the following four themes that cut across the individual articles: 1) Livelihoods and land use; 2) Community engagement; 3) Bringing together multiple knowledges; and 4) Carbon; and draw out globally applicable lessons. We suggest that these themes highlight future directions for research which engage with the complexity of tropical peatland restoration in Indonesia, while centring the voices of local communities to support equity and sustainability in the transition to rewet peatlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Variation in carbon and nitrogen concentrations among peatland categories at the global scale
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Watmough, Shaun, primary, Gilbert-Parkes, Spencer, additional, Basiliko, Nathan, additional, Lamit, Louis J., additional, Lilleskov, Erik A., additional, Andersen, Roxanne, additional, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, additional, Artz, Rebekka E., additional, Benscoter, Brian W., additional, Borken, Werner, additional, Bragazza, Luca, additional, Brandt, Stefani M., additional, Bräuer, Suzanna L., additional, Carson, Michael A., additional, Chen, Xin, additional, Chimner, Rodney A., additional, Clarkson, Bev R., additional, Cobb, Alexander R., additional, Enriquez, Andrea S., additional, Farmer, Jenny, additional, Grover, Samantha P., additional, Harvey, Charles F., additional, Harris, Lorna I., additional, Hazard, Christina, additional, Hoyt, Alison M., additional, Hribljan, John, additional, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, additional, Juutinen, Sari, additional, Kane, Evan S., additional, Knorr, Klaus-Holger, additional, Kolka, Randy, additional, Könönen, Mari, additional, Laine, Anna M., additional, Larmola, Tuula, additional, Levasseur, Patrick A., additional, McCalley, Carmody K., additional, McLaughlin, Jim, additional, Moore, Tim R., additional, Mykytczuk, Nadia, additional, Normand, Anna E., additional, Rich, Virginia, additional, Robinson, Bryce, additional, Rupp, Danielle L., additional, Rutherford, Jasmine, additional, Schadt, Christopher W., additional, Smith, Dave S., additional, Spiers, Graeme, additional, Tedersoo, Leho, additional, Thu, Pham Q., additional, Trettin, Carl C., additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Turetsky, Merritt, additional, Urbanová, Zuzana, additional, Varner, Ruth K., additional, Waldrop, Mark P., additional, Wang, Meng, additional, Wang, Zheng, additional, Warren, Matt, additional, Wiedermann, Magdalena M., additional, Williams, Shanay T., additional, Yavitt, Joseph B., additional, Yu, Zhi-Guo, additional, and Zahn, Geoff, additional
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- 2022
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18. Nitrogen dynamics in alpine soils of south-eastern Australia
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Grover, Samantha, Grover, Samantha, Tate, Jack, Tate, Jack, Warren, Charles, Warren, Charles, Venn, Susanna, and Venn, Susanna
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Context The Australian Alps are recognised by UNESCO as a globally significant mountain range. Soils underpin all of these ecosystem services. However, sparse data exists on alpine soils. Aims and methods We explored nitrogen dynamics of soils from four high mountain sites, using a combination of new and established field and laboratory techniques. Key results Organic and inorganic N were of the same order of magnitude, with around twice as much inorganic N as organic N. Forty three small (k =0.017), while the stabilisation factor was high (0.28) in comparison with other ecosystems globally. Conclusions These results begin to illuminate the complexity of the belowground processes that have formed the high C soils of the Australian Alps. The combination of moderate turnover times and high stabilization of organic matter support Costin’s theory that these mountain soils formed in place as a result of biological activity, rather than reflecting their geological substrata. The pools of organic N adsorbed to mineral soil surfaces and bound up within microbes lend support to a theory of tight N cycling, with little organic or inorganic N free in the soil solution. Implications This new knowledge of soil N dynamics can support land managers to design successful restoration works to preserve alpine soil ecosystem services impacted by climate change, feral animal disturbance, weed invasion and the increase in summer tourism infrastructure.
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- 2023
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19. Latitude, elevation, and mean annual temperature predict peat organic matter chemistry at a global scale
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Verbeke, Brittany A., Lamit, Louis J., Lilleskov, Erik A., Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Basiliko, Nate, Kane, Evan S., Andersen, Roxane, Artz, Rebekka R.E., Benavides, Juan C., Benscoter, Brian W., Borken, Werner, Bragazza, Luca, Brandt, Stefani M., Bräuer, Suzanna L., Carson, Michael A., Charman, Dan, Chen, Xin, Clarkson, Beverley R., Cobb, Alexander R., Convey, Peter, del Águila Pasquel, Jhon, Enriquez, Andrea S., Griffiths, Howard, Grover, Samantha P., Harvey, Charles F., Harris, Lorna, Hazard, Christina, Hodgson, Dominic, Hoyt, Alison M., Hribljan, John, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Juutinen, Sari, Knorr, Klaus-Holger, Kolka, Randal K., Könönen, Mari T., Larmola, Tuula, McCalley, Carmondy K., McLaughlin, James, Moore, Tim R., Mykytczuk, Nadia, Normand, Anna E., Rich, Virginia, Roulet, Nigel, Thu, Jessica Pham Q., Trettin, Carl C., Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Urbanová, Zuzana, Varner, Ruth K., Wang, Meng, Wang, Zheng, Warren, Matt, Wiedermann, Magdalena M., Williams-Johnson, Shanay, Yavitt, Joseph B., Yu, Zhi-Guo, Yu, Zicheng, Chanton, Jeffrey P., Verbeke, Brittany A., Lamit, Louis J., Lilleskov, Erik A., Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Basiliko, Nate, Kane, Evan S., Andersen, Roxane, Artz, Rebekka R.E., Benavides, Juan C., Benscoter, Brian W., Borken, Werner, Bragazza, Luca, Brandt, Stefani M., Bräuer, Suzanna L., Carson, Michael A., Charman, Dan, Chen, Xin, Clarkson, Beverley R., Cobb, Alexander R., Convey, Peter, del Águila Pasquel, Jhon, Enriquez, Andrea S., Griffiths, Howard, Grover, Samantha P., Harvey, Charles F., Harris, Lorna, Hazard, Christina, Hodgson, Dominic, Hoyt, Alison M., Hribljan, John, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Juutinen, Sari, Knorr, Klaus-Holger, Kolka, Randal K., Könönen, Mari T., Larmola, Tuula, McCalley, Carmondy K., McLaughlin, James, Moore, Tim R., Mykytczuk, Nadia, Normand, Anna E., Rich, Virginia, Roulet, Nigel, Thu, Jessica Pham Q., Trettin, Carl C., Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Urbanová, Zuzana, Varner, Ruth K., Wang, Meng, Wang, Zheng, Warren, Matt, Wiedermann, Magdalena M., Williams-Johnson, Shanay, Yavitt, Joseph B., Yu, Zhi-Guo, Yu, Zicheng, and Chanton, Jeffrey P.
- Abstract
Peatlands contain a significant fraction of global soil carbon, but how these reservoirs will respond to the changing climate is still relatively unknown. A global picture of the variations in peat organic matter chemistry will aid our ability to gauge peatland soil response to climate. The goal of this research is to test the hypotheses that 1) peat carbohydrate content, an indicator of soil organic matter reactivity, will increase with latitude and decrease with mean annual temperatures (MAT), 2) while peat aromatic content, an indicator of recalcitrance, will vary inversely, and 3) elevation will have a similar effect to latitude. We used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to examine variations in the organic matter functional groups of 1034 peat samples collected from 10-20, 30-40, and 60-70 cm depths at 165 individual sites across a latitudinal gradient of 79˚N to 65˚S and from elevations of 0 to 4773 meters. Carbohydrate contents of high latitude peat were significantly greater than peat originating near the equator, while aromatic content showed the opposite trend. For peat from similar latitudes but different elevations, the carbohydrate content was greater and aromatic content was lower at higher elevations. Higher carbohydrate content at higher latitudes indicates a greater potential for mineralization, whereas the chemical composition of low latitude peat is consistent with their apparent relative stability in the face of warmer temperatures. The combination of low carbohydrates and high aromatics at warmer locations near the equator suggests the mineralization of high latitude peat until reaching recalcitrance under a new temperature regime.
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- 2022
20. Soils, crop nutrient status and nutrient dynamics on small-holder farms in central Tibet, China
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Paltridge, Nicholas G., Grover, Samantha P. P., Gouyi, Liu, Tao, Jin, Unkovich, Murray J., Tashi, Nyima, and Coventry, David R.
- Published
- 2011
21. The Importance of Termites to the CH₄ Balance of a Tropical Savanna Woodland of Northern Australia
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Jamali, Hizbullah, Livesley, Stephen J., Grover, Samantha P., Dawes, Tracy Z., Hutley, Lindsay B., Cook, Garry D., and Arndt, Stefan K.
- Published
- 2011
22. Latitude, Elevation, and Mean Annual Temperature Predict Peat Organic Matter Chemistry at a Global Scale
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Verbeke, Brittany A., primary, Lamit, Louis J., additional, Lilleskov, Erik A., additional, Hodgkins, Suzanne B., additional, Basiliko, Nathan, additional, Kane, Evan S., additional, Andersen, Roxane, additional, Artz, Rebekka R. E., additional, Benavides, Juan C., additional, Benscoter, Brian W., additional, Borken, Werner, additional, Bragazza, Luca, additional, Brandt, Stefani M., additional, Bräuer, Suzanna L., additional, Carson, Michael A., additional, Charman, Dan, additional, Chen, Xin, additional, Clarkson, Beverley R., additional, Cobb, Alexander R., additional, Convey, Peter, additional, Pasquel, Jhon del Águila, additional, Enriquez, Andrea S., additional, Griffiths, Howard, additional, Grover, Samantha P., additional, Harvey, Charles F., additional, Harris, Lorna I., additional, Hazard, Christina, additional, Hodgson, Dominic, additional, Hoyt, Alison M., additional, Hribljan, John, additional, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, additional, Juutinen, Sari, additional, Knorr, Klaus‐Holger, additional, Kolka, Randall K., additional, Könönen, Mari, additional, Larmola, Tuula, additional, McCalley, Carmody K., additional, McLaughlin, James, additional, Moore, Tim R., additional, Mykytczuk, Nadia, additional, Normand, Anna E., additional, Rich, Virginia, additional, Roulet, Nigel, additional, Royles, Jessica, additional, Rutherford, Jasmine, additional, Smith, David S., additional, Svenning, Mette M., additional, Tedersoo, Leho, additional, Thu, Pham Q., additional, Trettin, Carl C., additional, Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina, additional, Urbanová, Zuzana, additional, Varner, Ruth K., additional, Wang, Meng, additional, Wang, Zheng, additional, Warren, Matt, additional, Wiedermann, Magdalena M., additional, Williams, Shanay, additional, Yavitt, Joseph B., additional, Yu, Zhi‐Guo, additional, Yu, Zicheng, additional, and Chanton, Jeffrey P., additional
- Published
- 2022
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23. Liming and priming: the long-term impact of pH amelioration on mineralisation may negate carbon sequestration gains.
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Grover, Samantha P., primary, Butterly, Clayton R., additional, Wang, Xiaojuan, additional, Gleeson, Deirdre B., additional, Macdonald, Lynne M., additional, and Tang, Caixian, additional
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- 2021
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24. Carbon Storage and Fluxes from SphagnumPeatlands of the Bogong High Plains, Australia
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Treby, Sarah, Gunawardhana, Meeruppage, Grover, Samantha P P, and Carnell, Paul E
- Abstract
Australian alpine peatlands are critically important ecosystems that deliver a range of valuable services. However, our understanding of these services in Australia, particularly peatland carbon cycling, is lacking. Here, we quantified peat soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, C:N ratios, and C density in eight Sphagnum-dominated peatlands on the Bogong High Plains, southeastern Australia. Soil C and N concentrations averaged 16.5 ± 13.2% and 0.6 ± 0.4%, respectively. C:N ratios averaged 30.9 ± 20.4, and C density averaged 46.6 ± 20.7 mg C cm− 3. Our findings suggest that (1) peat biogeochemistry is highly variable between sites, even at small spatial scales; and (2) while not a direct focus of the study, peat depths in this area were relatively shallow, ranging from 30 to 60 cm, most likely due to previous disturbance causing peat removal and carbon loss. Additionally, we present preliminary data investigating CO2and CH4fluxes at these sites. We recommend that future research includes (1) age dating peat cores to better understand the role of disturbance in rates of peat accumulation and loss; and (2) long-term carbon flux studies at multiple peatland sites.
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- 2024
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25. Effects of distance from canal and degradation history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland
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Sinclair, Amanda L., primary, Graham, Laura L.B., additional, Putra, Erianto I., additional, Saharjo, Bambang H., additional, Applegate, Grahame, additional, Grover, Samantha P., additional, and Cochrane, Mark A., additional
- Published
- 2020
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26. Expanding collaborative autoethnography into the world of natural science for transdisciplinary teams
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Haeffner, Melissa, Hames, Fern, Barbour, Margaret M., Reeves, Jessica M., Platell, Ghislaine, and Grover, Samantha
- Abstract
Wicked problems such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic require authentically transdisciplinary approaches to achieving effective collaboration. There exist several research approaches for identifying the components and interactions of complex problems; however, collaborative autoethnography provides an empirical way to collect and analyze self-reflection that leads to transformative change. Here, we present a case study of collaborative autoethnography, applied as a tool to transform research practice among a group of natural and social scientists, by constructively revealing and resolving deep, often unseen, disciplinary divides. We ask, “How can natural and social scientists genuinely accept, respect, and share one another’s approaches to work on the wicked problems that need to be solved?” This study demonstrates how disciplinary divisions can be successfully bridged by open-minded and committed collaborators who are prepared to recognize the academic bias they bring to their research and use this as a platform of strength.
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- 2022
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27. Fire in Australian savannas: From leaf to landscape
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Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Abramson, David, Arndt, Stefan K., Briggs, Peter, Bristow, Mila, Canadell, Josep G., Cernusak, Lucas A., Eamus, Derek, Edwards, Andrew C., Evans, Bradleys J., Fest, Benedikt, Goergen, Klaus, Grover, Samantha P., Hacker, Jorg, Haverd, Vanessa, Kanniah, Kasturi, Livesley, Stephen J., Lynch, Amanda, Maier, Stefan W., Moore, Caitlin, Raupach, Michael, Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Scheiter, Simon, Tapper, Nigel J., Uotila, Petteri, Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Abramson, David, Arndt, Stefan K., Briggs, Peter, Bristow, Mila, Canadell, Josep G., Cernusak, Lucas A., Eamus, Derek, Edwards, Andrew C., Evans, Bradleys J., Fest, Benedikt, Goergen, Klaus, Grover, Samantha P., Hacker, Jorg, Haverd, Vanessa, Kanniah, Kasturi, Livesley, Stephen J., Lynch, Amanda, Maier, Stefan W., Moore, Caitlin, Raupach, Michael, Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Scheiter, Simon, Tapper, Nigel J., and Uotila, Petteri
- Abstract
Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km2) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of Australian savannas have coevolved with fire, yet remain driven by the dynamic constraints of their bioclimatic niche. Fire in Australian savannas influences both the biophysical and biogeochemical processes at multiple scales from leaf to landscape. Here, we present the latest emission estimates from Australian savanna biomass burning and their contribution to global greenhouse gas budgets. We then review our understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystem function and local surface water and heat balances, which in turn influence regional climate. We show how savanna fires are coupled to the global climate through the carbon cycle and fire regimes. We present new research that climate change is likely to alter the structure and function of savannas through shifts in moisture availability and increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in turn altering fire regimes with further feedbacks to climate. We explore opportunities to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from savanna ecosystems through changes in savanna fire management.
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- 2015
28. Fire in Australian savannas: from leaf to landscape
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Beringer, Jason, primary, Hutley, Lindsay B., additional, Abramson, David, additional, Arndt, Stefan K., additional, Briggs, Peter, additional, Bristow, Mila, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Cernusak, Lucas A., additional, Eamus, Derek, additional, Edwards, Andrew C., additional, Evans, Bradley J., additional, Fest, Benedikt, additional, Goergen, Klaus, additional, Grover, Samantha P., additional, Hacker, Jorg, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Kanniah, Kasturi, additional, Livesley, Stephen J., additional, Lynch, Amanda, additional, Maier, Stefan, additional, Moore, Caitlin, additional, Raupach, Michael, additional, Russell‐Smith, Jeremy, additional, Scheiter, Simon, additional, Tapper, Nigel J., additional, and Uotila, Petteri, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Special - Savanna patterns of energy and carbon integrated across the landscape
- Author
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Beringer, Jason, Hacker, Jorg, Hutley, Lindsay B., Leuning, Ray, Arndt, Stefan K., Amiri, Reza, Bannehr, Lutz, Cernusak, Lucas A., Grover, Samantha P., Hensley, Carol, Hocking, Darren, Isaac, Peter, Jamali, Hizbullah, Kanniah, Kasturi D., Livesley, Stephen, Neininger, Bruno, U, Kyaw Tha Paw, Sea, William, Straten, Dennis, Weinmann, Richard A., et al., Beringer, Jason, Hacker, Jorg, Hutley, Lindsay B., Leuning, Ray, Arndt, Stefan K., Amiri, Reza, Bannehr, Lutz, Cernusak, Lucas A., Grover, Samantha P., Hensley, Carol, Hocking, Darren, Isaac, Peter, Jamali, Hizbullah, Kanniah, Kasturi D., Livesley, Stephen, Neininger, Bruno, U, Kyaw Tha Paw, Sea, William, Straten, Dennis, Weinmann, Richard A., and et al.
- Abstract
Savannas are highly significant global ecosystems that consist of a mix of trees and grasses and that are highly spatially varied in their physical structure, species composition, and physiological function (i.e., leaf area and function, stem density, albedo, and roughness). Variability in ecosystem characteristics alters biophysical and biogeochemical processes that can affect regional to global circulation patterns, which are not well characterized by land surface models. We initiated a multidisciplinary field campaign called Savanna Patterns of Energy and Carbon Integrated across the Landscape (SPECIAL) during the dry season in Australian savannas to understand the spatial patterns and processes of land surface–atmosphere exchanges (radiation, heat, moisture, CO2, and other trace gasses). We utilized a combination of multiscale measurements including fixed flux towers, aircraft-based flux transects, aircraft boundary layer budgets, and satellite remote sensing to quantify the spatial variability across a continental-scale rainfall gradient (transect). We found that the structure of vegetation changed along the transect in response to declining average rainfall. Tree basal area decreased from 9.6 m2 ha−1 in the coastal woodland savanna (annual rainfall 1,714 mm yr−1) to 0 m2 ha−1 at the grassland site (annual rainfall 535 mm yr−1), with dry-season green leaf area index (LAI) ranging from 1.04 to 0, respectively. Leaf-level measurements showed that photosynthetic properties were similar along the transect. Flux tower measurements showed that latent heat fluxes (LEs) decreased from north to south with resultant changes in the Bowen ratios (H/LE) from a minimum of 1.7 to a maximum of 15.8, respectively. Gross primary productivity, net carbon dioxide exchange, and LE showed similar declines along the transect and were well correlated with canopy LAI, and fluxes were more closely coupled to structure than floristic change.
- Published
- 2011
30. Seasonal variation and fire effects on CH4, N2O and CO2 exchange in savanna soils of northern Australia
- Author
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Livesley, Stephen, Grover, Samantha. P., Hutley, Lindsay B., Jamali, Hizbullah, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Fest, Benedict, Beringer, Jason, Arndt, Stefan, Livesley, Stephen, Grover, Samantha. P., Hutley, Lindsay B., Jamali, Hizbullah, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Fest, Benedict, Beringer, Jason, and Arndt, Stefan
- Abstract
Tropical savanna ecosystems are a major contributor to global CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O greenhouse gas exchange. Savanna fire events represent large, discrete C emissions but the importance of ongoing soil-atmosphere gas exchange is less well understood. Seasonal rainfall and fire events are likely to impact upon savanna soil microbial processes involved in N 2O and CH 4 exchange. We measured soil CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O fluxes in savanna woodland (Eucalyptus tetrodonta/Eucalyptus miniata trees above sorghum grass) at Howard Springs, Australia over a 16 month period from October 2007 to January 2009 using manual chambers and a field-based gas chromatograph connected to automated chambers. The effect of fire on soil gas exchange was investigated through two controlled burns and protected unburnt areas. Fire is a frequent natural and management action in these savanna (every 1-2 years). There was no seasonal change and no fire effect upon soil N 2O exchange. Soil N 2O fluxes were very low, generally between -1.0 and 1.0μg Nm -2h -1, and often below the minimum detection limit. There was an increase in soil NH 4 + in the months after the 2008 fire event, but no change in soil NO 3 -. There was considerable nitrification in the early wet season but minimal nitrification at all other times. Savanna soil was generally a net CH 4 sink that equated to between -2.0 and -1.6kg CH 4ha -1y -1 with no clear seasonal pattern in response to changing soil moisture conditions. Irrigation in the dry season significantly reduced soil gas diffusion and as a consequence soil CH 4 uptake. There were short periods of soil CH 4 emission, up to 20μg Cm -2h -1, likely to have been caused by termite activity in, or beneath, automated chambers. Soil CO 2 fluxes showed a strong bimodal seasonal pattern, increasing fivefold from the dry into the wet season. Soil moisture showed a weak relationship with soil CH 4 fluxes, but a much stronger relationship with soil CO 2 fluxes, explaining up to 70% of
- Published
- 2011
31. Land use change and the impact on greenhouse gas exchange in north Australian savanna soils
- Author
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Grover, Samantha P., Livesley, S. J., Hutley, Lindsay B., Jamali, H., Fest, B., Beringer, Jason, Butterbach-Bahl, K., Arndt, S. K., Grover, Samantha P., Livesley, S. J., Hutley, Lindsay B., Jamali, H., Fest, B., Beringer, Jason, Butterbach-Bahl, K., and Arndt, S. K.
- Published
- 2011
32. Accumulation and attrition of peat soils in the Australian Alps: Isotopic dating evidence
- Author
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GROVER, SAMANTHA P. P., primary, BALDOCK, JEFFERY A., additional, and JACOBSEN, GERALDINE E., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Accumulation and attrition of peat soils in the Australian Alps: Isotopic dating evidence.
- Author
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GROVER, SAMANTHA P. P., BALDOCK, JEFFERY A., and JACOBSEN, GERALDINE E.
- Subjects
- *
PEAT soils , *PEAT bogs , *RADIOCARBON dating , *GRAZING - Abstract
Bog peat soils have been accumulating at Wellington Plain peatland, Victoria, Australia for the last 3300 years. Now, dried peat soils are common adjacent to bog peats. The 14C basal age of dried peat is not different from the 14C basal age of bog peat, which supports the theory that dried peat formed from bog peat. A novel application of 210Pb dating links the timing of this change with the introduction of livestock to Wellington Plain in the mid-1800s. Physical loss of material appears to have been the dominant process removing material as bog peats drained to form dried peats, as indicated by the mass balances of carbon and lead. This research has implications for the post-fire and post-grazing restoration of bogs in Victoria's Alpine National Park, and the contribution of peat soils to Australia's carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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34. Agriculture in central Tibet: an assessment of climate, farming systems, and strategies to boost production
- Author
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Paltridge, Nicholas, Tao, Jin, Unkovich, Murray, Bonamano, Alessandra, Gason, Alexandra, Grover, Samantha, Wilkins, John, Tashi, Nyima, and Coventry, David
- Abstract
In the south of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China there is a network of valleys where intensive agriculture is practiced. Although considered highly productive by Tibetans, farm incomes in the region are low, leading to a range of government initiatives to boost grain and fodder production. However, there is limited information available on current farming practices, yields, and likely yield constraints. The present paper uses available data and farmer interviews to describe the agro-climate and current systems of crop and livestock production, and considers possible strategies to boost production. Although winters in Tibet are cold and dry, summer and autumn provide ideal conditions for crop growth. Cropping systems are characterised by heavy tillage, frequent irrigation, high seeding rates and fertiliser applications, some use of herbicides, and little stubble retention or mechanisation. Spring barley and winter wheat are the predominant crops, followed by rapeseed, winter barley, and minor fodder and vegetable crops. Average yields for the main grain crops are around 4.0t/ha for spring barley and 4.5t/ha for winter wheat, significantly lower than should be possible in the environment. Farmers typically keep five or six cattle tethered near the household. Cattle are fed diets based on crop residues but are generally malnourished and rarely produce beyond the needs of the family. It is suggested that research and extension in the areas of crop nutrition, weed control, irrigation, seeding technology, and crop varieties should enable significant increases in grain yield. Increases in cattle production will require increases in the supply of good quality fodder. Cereal/fodder intercrops or double crops sown using no-till seed drills might enable the production of useful amounts of fodder in many areas without jeopardising food grain supply, and allow more crop residues to be retained in fields for improved soil health.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cardiomyopathy-Associated Mutation K15N in Tropomyosin Affects its Interaction with Leiomodin and Tropomodulin
- Author
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Colpan, Mert, Tolkatchev, Dmitri, Grover, Samantha, Helms, Gregory L., Cort, John R., Moroz, Natalia, and Kostyukova, Alla S.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Fire in Australian savannas: from leaf to landscape.
- Author
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Beringer J, Hutley LB, Abramson D, Arndt SK, Briggs P, Bristow M, Canadell JG, Cernusak LA, Eamus D, Edwards AC, Evans BJ, Fest B, Goergen K, Grover SP, Hacker J, Haverd V, Kanniah K, Livesley SJ, Lynch A, Maier S, Moore C, Raupach M, Russell-Smith J, Scheiter S, Tapper NJ, and Uotila P
- Subjects
- Australia, Carbon chemistry, Climate, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Water, Fires, Grassland
- Abstract
Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km2) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of Australian savannas have coevolved with fire, yet remain driven by the dynamic constraints of their bioclimatic niche. Fire in Australian savannas influences both the biophysical and biogeochemical processes at multiple scales from leaf to landscape. Here, we present the latest emission estimates from Australian savanna biomass burning and their contribution to global greenhouse gas budgets. We then review our understanding of the impacts of fire on ecosystem function and local surface water and heat balances, which in turn influence regional climate. We show how savanna fires are coupled to the global climate through the carbon cycle and fire regimes. We present new research that climate change is likely to alter the structure and function of savannas through shifts in moisture availability and increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in turn altering fire regimes with further feedbacks to climate. We explore opportunities to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from savanna ecosystems through changes in savanna fire management., (© 2014 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Occasional large emissions of nitrous oxide and methane observed in stormwater biofiltration systems.
- Author
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Grover SP, Cohan A, Chan HS, Livesley SJ, Beringer J, and Daly E
- Abstract
Designed, green infrastructures are becoming a customary feature of the urban landscape. Sustainable technologies for stormwater management, and biofilters in particular, are increasingly used to reduce stormwater runoff volumes and peaks as well as improve the water quality of runoff discharged into urban water bodies. Although a lot of research has been devoted to these technologies, their effect in terms of greenhouse gas fluxes in urban areas has not been yet investigated. We present the first study aimed at quantifying greenhouse gas fluxes between the soil of stormwater biofilters and the atmosphere. N2O, CH4, and CO2 were measured periodically over a year in two operational vegetated biofiltration cells at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. One cell had a saturated zone at the bottom, and compost and hardwood mulch added to the sandy loam filter media. The other cell had no saturated zone and was composed of sandy loam. Similar sedges were planted in both cells. The biofilter soil was a small N2O source and a sink for CH4 for most measurement events, with occasional large emissions of both N2O and CH4 under very wet conditions. Average N2O fluxes from the cell with the saturated zone were almost five-fold greater (65.6 μg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)) than from the other cell (13.7 μg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)), with peaks up to 1100 μg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1). These N2O fluxes are of similar magnitude to those measured in other urban soils, but with larger peak emissions. The CH4 sink strength of the cell with the saturated zone (-3.8 μg CH4-C m(-2) h(-1)) was lower than the other cell (-18.3 μg CH4-C m(-2) h(-1)). Both cells of the biofilter appeared to take up CH4 at similar rates to other urban lawn systems; however, the biofilter cells displayed occasional large CH4 emissions following inflow events, which were not seen in other urban systems. CO2 fluxes increased with soil temperature in both cells, and in the cell without the saturated zone CO2 fluxes decreased as soil moisture increased. Other studies of CO2 fluxes from urban soils have found both similar and larger CO2 emissions than those measured in the biofilter. The results of this study suggest that the greenhouse gas footprint of stormwater treatment warrant consideration in the planning and implementation of engineered green infrastructures., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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