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U ovom se priopćenju pokušava odgovoriti na istraživačko pitanje o generacijskim razlikama u shvaćanju kulture u Hrvatskoj, na temelju rezultata eksploracijskog istraživanja i anketnog ispitivanja na nacionalno proporcionalnom uzorku. U priopćenju se najprije izvješćuje o rezultatima eksploracijskog istraživanja, u kojem su 2020. godine online i poštanskim putem prikupljeni diskurzivni odgovori 162 osobe zainteresirane raspravljati o kulturi i o tome što im ona znači. Uzorkovanje se rukovodilo načelom osiguravanja heterogenosti koja omogućuje usporedbe (Maxwell, 2013), a godine rođenja sudionika/ca kretale su se u rasponu od 1942. do 2002. Rezultati kvalitativne analize upućivali su na izražene generacijske razlike u shvaćanju kulture. U drugom koraku, obrađeni su rezultati odgovora na otvoreno pitanje o shvaćanju kulture, prikupljeni anketnim ispitivanjem provedenim 2021. na nacionalno proporcionalnom uzorku. Upotrijebljena je algoritamski zasnovana tehnika oblikovanja teme (topic modelling), u kojoj strojno generirani predložak služi kao podloga teorijski utemeljenim interpretacijama istraživača/ica (Brezina, 2018 ; Brookes i McEnery, 2019). Rezultati ove analize upućuju u istom smjeru kao i prethodno provedeno eksploracijsko istraživanje. Primjetne su razlike u shvaćanju kulture kao kultiviranosti, visoke umjetnosti i kulturnih ustanova (kod starijih generacija), u odnosu na identitetske i s potrošnjom povezane koncepcije kulture (kod mlađih generacija), te izostanak mogućnosti diskurzivnog tematiziranja pojma kulture (kod najmlađih).

Analize koje se prezentiraju u ovom priopćenju temelje se na kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim podacima prikupljenim i obrađenim u okviru projekta „Relacijski rodni identiteti u Hrvatskoj: modernizacijske i razvojne perspektive“ (GENMOD, HRZZ-IP-2016-6-6010) (2017.-2021.) U izlaganju se prezentira nekoliko primjera u kojima kvalitativna analiza spaja (kvantitativno dobivene) tipove s teorijom i doprinosi objašnjenju nelinearnosti modernizacijskog procesa koji se odvija u posttranzicijskoj Hrvatskoj. Teorijski okvir analize čine novije teorije modernizacije (Beck, Giddens, Bauman, Touraine, Eisenstadt, Inglehart-Welzel, Chang), koje kritički elaboriraju ranije pretpostavljanu linearnost i evolucijski karakter modernizacijskog procesa, a čije su postavke primjenjive i na postsocijalistički transformirana društva poput hrvatskog. Polazište rasprave su stavovi o rodnoj ravnopravnosti, koji se smatraju važnim pokazateljem opće moderniziranosti i demokratiziranosti nekog društva. U kontekstu rasprava o nelinearnosti i kontradiktornosti modernizacijskog procesa, važno je pokušati odgovoriti na sljedeća pitanja: (1) kako zahvatiti modernizacijske promjene u trenutku dok se odvijaju, te (2) kako na temelju standardiziranih pitanja zahvatiti specifičnosti pojedinog istraživanog društva? U ovom se priopćenju pokušava odgovoriti na navedena pitanja mješovito-metodskim pristupom. Stavovi o rodnoj ravnopravnosti, prikupljeni anketom na nacionalno reprezentativnom uzorku (N=1200), podvrgnuti su faktorskoj i klasterskoj analizi (na poduzorcima muškaraca i žena). Analiza je provedena na skali patrijarhata, tradicionalizma, radne egalitarnosti, obrazovne i profesionalne emancipacije, te na stavovima o neovisnosti žena. Dobivena su tri tipa muškaraca i žena: neodlučni, egalitarni i podvojeni. U skladu sa sekvencijalnim nacrtom istraživanja, proveden je zatim njegov kvalitativni dio, unutar kojega su podaci prikupljani kroz 92 polustrukturirana intervjua s mikroetnografskom dimenzijom (s muškarcima, ženama i parovima u svim hrvatskim regijama). Dio sugovornika/ca sudjelovao je u anketnom ispitivanju provedenom u prethodnoj fazi istraživanja, a oni/e koji/e to nisu učinili nakon intervjuiranja su ispunjavali skraćeni upitnik koji je uključivao stavove o rodnoj ravnopravnosti. Na ovaj način prikupljeni kvantitativni i kvalitativni podaci poslužili su kao kontekst jedni drugima, odnosno omogućili su da eksplanatorni karakter drugog dijela istraživanja u sekvencijalnom nacrtu postane transformacijski: u krajnjem ishodu, rezultati obrada kvantitativnih podataka vide se u svjetlu relevantnih kvalitativnih podataka i obratno. Takav relacijski (a ne supstancijalistički) pristup redukciji kompleksnosti kakvu predstavljaju tipovi omogućio je zahvaćanje specifičnosti aktualnog „modusa modernosti“ (Touraine) hrvatskog društva, u smislu da cjelinu u koju su analizirani stavovi ugrađeni (embedded) dovode u vezu s pojedinačnim narativima i djelovanjima. Na taj način moguće je bolje razumjeti „kontradiktornost“, odnosno neočekivanu „regresivnost“ ili pak „emancipiranost“ pojedinih stavova unutar dobivenih tipova, primjerice pojedine esencijalističke stavove na koje se nailazi kod pripadnica/ka egalitarnog tipa.

Gender asymmetry in the division of household labour is one of the most reliable proxies of gender equality. However, it is most often measured quantitatively (at country level), thus falling short of providing rich accounts of practices in localised settings. Likewise, the classed nature of the distribution of household practices is largely ignored in research and presents a particular challenge in the study of social contexts in which clear class self-identification is missing. This paper attempts to provide an empirically grounded account of the connection between gender inequality and social inequality in contemporary Croatia, a society which has undergone a major transformation of both gender and class relations in the post-socialist period. Drawing on 92 semi-structured interviews (sampled for socio-demographic heterogeneity) and a multi-step qualitative analysis, typologies of strategies in the division of housework were constructed. On the other hand, we utilised Bourdieusian multiple correspondence analysis, as well as a multidimensional model of class analysis for hybrid societies developed by Cvetičanin et al (2021), to quantitatively construct the social space of inequalities in Croatia. In the final step, we projected the empirically established types of household strategies of division of housework into regions of social space, enabling an understanding of their class dimension. Our mixed methods design is based on Bourdieu’s philosophy of research, and data were gathered within the Croatian Science Foundation-funded project “Relational gender identities in Croatia: Modernization and development perspectives” (GENMOD – HRZZ-IP-2016-06-6010).

The lecture presents some of the fundamentals of the relational approch in sociology and of a relational sociology of gender. It connects the said approaches with the principles of integration in mixed methods research, upholding a relational methodology of understanding and explanation.

This contribution explores the constructions of gender differences in musical taste and practices connected with music. It is based on the gender theories of creating difference through gender practices as doing masculinity and femininity (West & Zimmerman, 1987 ; Connell and Messerschmidt, 2005 ; Lovell, 2004), and the conceptualization of cultural taste as a social relation (Bourdieu, 1984). It views the construction of symbolic boundaries and ‘boundary maintenance’ (Scwalbe et. al, 2000) as the ‘constant reachievement’ of gender identity, particularly integrated into everyday lives through music (Dibben, 2002). An exploratory qualitative approach utilises thematic and pattern analysis of the 22 semi-structured interviews (sampled for the achievement of initial heterogeneity in age, education and city districts while focusing on young adults) in the city of Split, Croatia. The work explores the construction and ascribing the ideas/labels of ‘feminine’ and ‘masculine’ in music preferences as well as in modes of listening/enjoying music and interactional practices (doing gender differences related to music while in situations of social interaction). It offers the description of gender boundaries in music preferences and practices and discusses the gendered practices of staying within / crossing the boundaries.

This workshop presents the rationale as well as the application of sociological relational approach in gender analysis. Sociological relational approach views individuals as fundamentally interdependent and embedded in structural relations of inequality - as Powell and Dépelteau (2013: 2) point out: “individuals (…) cannot be understood, even theoretically, apart from their relational contexts”. Studying gender relationally therefore entails analysing masculinity and femininity in the same frame of reference (Dworkin, 2015: 171) as well as locating individuals and households in the intersections of structural relations of inequality (McCall, 2005). The workshop clarifies the logic of the relational approach to theory and methodology in gender research and in the study of social inequalities. It uses the example of mixed methods (utilising both qualitative and quantitative procedures) analysis applied to explore the relation of gender and class in Croatia, as part of the project GENMOD “Relational gender identities in Croatia: Modernization and development perspectives” (HRZZ-IP-2016-06-6010). The analysis relied on: a) the construction of the individual - male and female - gender strategies in the division of housework, b) developing a typology of household strategies linked to the division of housework, viewed in the context of the totality of household work practices, c) constructing the social space of inequalities in Croatia, and d) projecting the strategies into the space of social class inequalities. Multi-step qualitative analysis used to construct gender strategies is elaborated during the workshop. Its procedures entail three levels of coding and the construction of analytical profiles and tables. They are followed by the explanation of the procedures used to quantitatively construct the social space of inequalities: a utilisation of the Bourdieusian multiple correspondence analysis relying on the multidimensional model of class analysis for hybrid societies developed by Cvetičanin et al (2021). Lastly, the relational logic of understanding gender and class dimension of social inequality is explained.

Istraživanja rodne asimetrije u podjeli kućanskih poslova rijetko su se provodila iz perspektive rodnih strategija, pogotovo onih koje bi obuhvatile strategije i muškaraca i žena. U Hrvatskoj su pak bilo kakva istraživanja zasnovana na konceptu strategija dosad bila vrlo rijetka, a podjela kućanskog rada počela se empirijski istraživati (uglavnom kvantitativno) tek u razdoblju postsocijalističke tranzicije. U dosad objavljenoj literaturi o temama povezanim s podjelom rada u kućanstvu naglasak je bio ponajprije na položaju žena u obitelji ili partnerskom odnosu, a gotovo su posve izostala kvalitativna istraživanja koja bi uključivala intervjuiranje muškaraca. Konačno, rodne nejednakosti u podjeli kućanskih poslova u Hrvatskoj nisu dosad eksplicite povezivane s klasnom strukturom društvenih nejednakosti. Analize koje se prezentiraju u ovom priopćenju zasnovane su na burdijeovskoj relacijskoj sociologiji i mješovito-metodskom pristupu, a temelje se na kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim podacima prikupljenim i obrađenim u okviru projekta „Relacijski rodni identiteti u Hrvatskoj: modernizacijske i razvojne perspektive“ (GENMOD, HRZZ-IP-2016-6-6010) (2017.-2021.). Kvalitativni podaci prikupljeni su pomoću 92 polustrukturirana intervjua s mikroetnografskom dimenzijom (s muškarcima, ženama i parovima) provedena u svim hrvatskim regijama. Kvalitativni dio istraživanja uzorkovan je formalnom i teorijskom logikom tako da se postigne sociodemografska heterogenost. Kvantitativni podaci prikupljeni su nacionalno reprezentativnim anketnim istraživanjem (N = 1200). Kvalitativnim podacima povezanim s podjelom kućanskih poslova pristupljeno je iz analitičkog okvira temeljenog na Bourdieuovoj konceptualizaciji strategija, pojmu „rodne strategije“ koji je uvela Hochschild te Pahlovoj konceptualizaciji ukupnog rada kućanstva. Primijenjena je kvalitativna analiza u više koraka (multi-step), koja je uključivala procese kategorizacije i povezivanja. Strategije podjele kućanskih poslova analizirale su se na dvije razine: (1) razini individualnih rodnih (muških i ženskih) strategija te na (2) razini strategija kućanstava u podjeli kućanskih poslova (uz primjenu kriterija „rodne ravnoteže“). Na temelju ovih analiza dobivena su četiri tipa kućanstava (s obzirom na strategije podjele kućanskih poslova: neupitno tradicionalna, pretežno tradicionalna, početno egalitarna i proaktivno egalitarna. U obradi kvantitativnih podataka primijenjeni su elementi višedimenzionalnog modela klasne analize hibridnih društava, koji su razvili Cvetičanin, Tomić-Koludrović, Petrić, Zdravković i Leguina (2021). Na temelju tih analiza konstruiran je društveni prostor nejednakosti u Hrvatskoj. Mješovito- metodski postupak projiciranja tipova strategija podjele kućanskih poslova (dobivenih kvalitativnim analizama) u područja društvenog prostora (dobivena kvantitativnim analizama) pospješio je razumijevanje klasne dimenzije tih strategija.

In now over thirty years that have followed the “golden age of cultural policy”, decision-makers have often been criticised for social “instrumentalisation” and economic “colonisation” of culture (Scott Sørensen, 2016). Criticism has also been levelled at the current “participatory turn” in cultural policies, emphasising “active involvement” of “users” and their having more say in how public money for culture is spent. While in the former case, the replacement of self-cultivation (Bildung) with goals such as “employability” or “achieving social competence” is seen as an unacceptable degradation of humanistic ideals, in the latter case “user democracy” is feared to lead to populism. Nevertheless, it is clear that policy makers cannot formulate inclusive cultural policies without consulting their “end users”: the question is how to best approach that task. This paper presents the results of an exploratory survey on Croatian citizens’ different understandings of culture, carried out within the Horizon 2020 project ‘European Inventory of Societal Values of culture as a Basis for Inclusive Cultural Policies in the Globalizing World’ (No: 870691). Since the study involved a limited number of respondents (170) and was based on open-ended questions, our data collection followed the logic of qualitative sampling (maximum variation and the typical case approach), and our data analysis involved two qualitative strategies (connecting and linking). The results reveal important differences (especially generational) in understanding what culture is and what role it plays in respondents’ lives. Exploratory research has proved its heuristic value in a policy context that has traditionally favoured top-down solutions.

Primjena koncepta strategija kućanstva u sociološkim istraživanjima omogućila je da se umjesto promatranja individualnih aktera kućanstvo sagleda kao jedinica unutar koje se nadindividualnom dinamikom aktivno oblikuje svakodnevni život i omogućuje postizanje različitih ciljeva, poput poboljšavanja ili zadržavanja društvenog položaja, obavljanja kućanskog rada ili osiguravanja brige za članove obitelji. Istovremeno, u mnogim studijama individue se tretira kao „kućanstvo u malom“ a rodna dimenzija strategija kućanstava se zanemaruje. Nasuprot tome, feministički su pristupi naglasili kako su strategije kućanstva oblikovane rodnim razlikama u konstruiranju i modificiranju uloga i odnosa članova kućanstava. U ovom izlaganju koriste se podatci prikupljeni kvalitativnim istraživanjem rodnih odnosa u Hrvatskoj unutar projekta GENMOD, kojim je u tu svrhu provedeno 86 polustrukturiranih intervjua sa muškarcima i ženama u Hrvatskoj. Izlaganje predstavlja analizu individualne i rodne dimenzije strategija kućanstava kroz aranžmane ukupnih radnih praksi kućanstava i podjelu odgovornosti za različite sfere svakodnevnog života, kao i analizu karaktera strategija kao obrazaca koji se podrazumijevaju ili dogovora koji se problematiziraju. Pri tome se istražuje na koji se način sugovornici i sugovornice identificiraju sa sferama zaposlenja ili rada u kućanstvu te postavljaju prioritete poslovima i karijerama muškaraca i žena. Prezentira se i analiza slučajeva u kojima su prisutni pokušaji promjena u raspodjelama praksi i uloga ili otpora takvim promjenama.

Rad je izvještaj Hrvatskoj znanstvenoj zakladi o rezultatima kvalitativnog dijela istraživanja u okviru projekta "Relacijski rodni odnosi u Hrvatskoj: modernizacijske i razvojne perspektive – GENMOD" (HRZZ-IP-2016-06-6010). Terenski dio istraživanja (polustrukturirani intervjui i fokusirane mikroetnografije) proveden je najvećim dijelom u proljeće 2019. Obavljena su ukupno 92 polustrukturirana intervjua (34 individualna intervjua s muškarcima, 43 individualna intervjua sa ženama, te 15 partnerskih intervjua), u različitim dijelovima Hrvatske, različitim tipovima naselja i sa sugovornicima/ama različitih dobnih, obrazovnih i klasnih profila. Uzorkovanje se rukovodilo načelom postizanja raznolikosti obilježja intervjuiranih, odnosno postizanja heterogenosti koja omogućuje usporedbe. Izbor sugovornika/ca rukovodio se kombinacijom formalne i teorijske logike te je stoga bio ujedno unaprijed određen i izranjajući. Transkripti intervjua (koji su trajali između 48 minuta i 200 minuta, a većinom dulje od 80 minuta) analizirani su nakon grupnih čitanja (data sessions) na tri razine kodiranja (referentno, otvoreno i selektivno) te uz upotrebu dvije tehnike unutar strategije povezivanja (izrada analitičkih profila ; tablica usporedbi kategorija i slučajeva). Pri kodiranju je korišten program QDA Miner 5. U izvještaju se donosi pregled referentnih kodova prema tematskim cjelinama na koje se odnose (rodna socijalizacija u obitelji ; rodna socijalizacija izvan obitelji ; partnerski odnos – rad u kući i izvan kuće ; partnerski odnos – donošenje odluka i rješavanje nesporazuma ; partnerski odnos - percepcije odnosa ; odgoj i obrazovanje djece ; odnosi žena i muškaraca u Hrvatskoj ; muškost i ženskost u Hrvatskoj). Također se prezentiraju odabrani primjeri rezultata kvalitativnih analiza o konstruktima muškosti i ženskosti (rodna socijalizacija u obitelji ; konstrukti muškosti i ženskosti u slikama idealnog muškarca i žene ; konstrukti muškosti i ženskosti koji su se u dosadašnjim analizama pokazali empirijski osobito zasićenim elementima rodnih identiteta ; individualne strategije muškaraca i žena u pristupu kućanskim poslovima). Izvještaj donosi i pregled obilježja uzorka s tablicama podataka o intervjuiranima, kao i primjere profila sugovornika/ce te tablice usporedbe kategorija i slučajeva. U širem kontekstu cjelokupnog istraživanja, u kojem je primijenjen sekvencijalni transformativni nacrt, svrha kvalitativnog dijela jest pružiti bogate podatke na temelju kojih se mogu steći spoznaje o društvenim konstrukcijama muškosti i ženskosti kao mikrodimenziji u procesu strukturacije roda u Hrvatskoj.

This paper aims to explore the gender dimensions of the favored mutual activities of men and women and to investigate the link between those activities and the socioeconomic and sociocultural factors in Croatian households. Also taking into consideration the gender differences concerning the most enjoyed things done together and the different attributes of households whose members prefer certain types of activities to others, we hold that the detailed exploration of (scarcely researched) activities done together can help clarify the gender relations in Croatia. The study is based on the analysis of representative survey data on gender relations collected in Croatia at the beginning of 2018, within the Croatian Science Foundation supported project on gender modernization (GENMOD HRZZ-IP-2016-06-6010). As the main unit of analysis lies at the intersection of the individuals (partners) and the household, the survey was constructed to measure a multitude of household characteristics, which were derived from the individual characteristics of each member of the household. This enabled us to combine individual household members and their interactions into a coherent whole and thus address the context in which the mutual activities are embedded. As the part of the analyses, the multinomial logistic regression analysis has been used to determine whether employment and income level, among the confounding socioeconomic and sociocultural factors, can explain different patterns of partners' favored activities done together, such as travelling, cooking, housework, or recreational activities. The preliminary results of the analyses indicate consistent differences among household types constructed by intersecting employment status and income of partners, concerning frequency and the pattern of most enjoyed things done together.

Predloženo priopćenje iznosi rezultate kvalitativnog istraživanja, čijom se analizom namjerava pridonijeti spoznajama o tome u kakvim se oblicima danas javlja "privatni patrijarhat" povezan s podjelom rada u kućanstvu u Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj, Srbiji te Bosni i Hercegovini. Preciznije govoreći, analizom mikro-diskursa o rodnoj podjeli rada u kućanstvu želi se pridonijeti spoznajama o onome što bi se – po analogiji s Touraineovim (2009[2007]) pojmom "modusi modernosti" – moglo nazvati "modusima privatnog patrijarhata". Korpus za analizu pribavljen je tematskim kodiranjem po 30 polustrukturiranih intervjua u svakoj navedenoj zemlji (ukupno 120 intervjua), vođenih na temu strategija preživljavanja u vremenu krize. Kad je riječ o metodološkim aspektima analize, valja napomenuti da je ona u ovom slučaju zasnovana prvenstveno na pristupu "kritičke analize diskursa"(CDA), odnosno na njezinim izvornim društveno-konstruktivističkim post-strukturalističkim polazištima (iako pojam "mikro-diskurs" početno asocira individualne aktere/ice i više jezikoslovni pristup). "Mikro- diskursi" se u priopćenju vide kao "lokalne upotrebe teksta i jezika unutar specifičnog konteksta"(Le Greco i Tracy, 2009: 1519), koje su kao takve nužno dio onoga što Rose i Krœmmergaard (2002) nazivaju "velikim diskursom" i "mega-diskursom". Odabrani pristup analizi blizak je ranoj CDA i po tome što proučava načine na koje se u diskursu manifestiraju i reproduciraju društvene nepravde (Fairclough, 1995), kao i po tome što zauzima "eksplicitan sociopolitički stav" te želi potaknuti "promjenu kroz kritičko razumijevanje"(Van Dijk, 1993: 252).

This study brings an extended Bourdieusian theoretical framework to the analysis of life- strategies of small farmers in four SEE societies (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia). Practices and strategies of farmer households are situated in two partially overlapping fields – the field of formal and of informal economy. It is based upon a qualitative analysis of 25 interviewed households. The paper covers the structural conditions of the households’ participation in both fields of ‘play’, the analysis of household capitals (economic/agrarian, social and cultural) and the interpretation of practice – strategy dimension. The framework is extended to include the exploration of reflexivity and agency amongst the households. The findings indicate that various structural limitations impede the development of successful practices in the formal field (unless the households have exceptional levels of agency), and that the most common life- strategy was food self-provisioning along with the relying on the practices in the informal field enabled by social capital.

This paper brings the analysis of survival and coping strategies of small farmers households in four SEE societies (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia). Social, cultural and economic practices and strategies of households are situated in two partially overlapping fields – the field of formal and of informal economy. It is led by an extended Bourdieusian theoretical framework and based upon a qualitative analysis of 25 group interviews in small farmers households. The paper covers the structural conditions of the households’ participation in both fields of ‘play’, the analysis of household capitals and the interpretation of practice – strategy dimension. The findings indicate that, confronted with economic crisis, all of the households developed diversified strategies to cope and survive - most of them enabled by the social capital and realized in the field of informal economy. Only those households which activated multiple capitals and had exceptional levels of reflexivity and agency succeeded to transcend their vulnerable position.

This paper aims to analyze the the connections of work trajectories and life strategies in the times of social transformation and crisis in Croatia. Our starting assumption is that transformations of the economic and social systems in former socialist states, as well as the multiple and sometimes contradictory demands from the new economic and social realities have greatly impacted many individual biographies, especially in the sphere of work. The research sampling procedure used the results of an nationally representative survey (2014.) which has reconstructed the field of social classes according to the economic, social and cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1996) in Croatia. From the reconstructed field of social classes 30 interviewees have been selected following the principle of “maximum variation sample” (Creswell, 2014). Elaborate stories on the work trajectories of the respondents have been collected, along with the experiences of coping with the social transformations and economic crisis. This paper is simultaneously aimed at understanding the subjectivist bases of objectivist categories and on a careful reflection on the macro-causes of noted and interpreted micro-experiences (Burawoy, 2000). Both the concept of life-strategies and the biographical approach to individual experiences and trajectories provide opportunities to elude the analytical difficulties arising from the structure-agency divide and to locate the personal experiences within the wider social context (Hubbard, 2000). Finally, we analyze how the changing social structures provided opportunities and constraints to individuals, and how the use of economic, social and cultural capital enabled or hindered individual agency in work trajectories and life strategies in Croatia.

Populizam ima izražen antidemokratski karakter. Usmjerenost protiv političke elite, različitih manjinskih društvenih skupina i institucija čine njegova ključna obilježja. Mudde (2004) upozorava da je populizam postao dio mainstream politike i da se zbog toga može govoriti o 'populističkom duhu vremena'. Istraživački pristupi populizmu su raznoliki, ali među njima valja izdvojiti dva ključna pristupa: populizam kao oblik političkog stila populizam kao ideologija. Znanstvena istraživanja populizma u Hrvatskoj učestala su tek u posljednjih godina. Tada se ujedno javljaju posve novi populistički akteri u Hrvatskoj. Istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje populističke retorike kod pojedinih 'mainstream' političara, ali i posve novih 'ideološki utemeljenih' populističkih aktera. Pritom je razvidno da dio političara koji se koristi populističkom retorikom djeluje na nacionalnoj razini, a dio u fokusu ima lokalnu razinu. Među potonje spada i splitski poduzetnik Željko Kerum (Grbeša i Šalaj, 2014), pobjednik izbora za Gradonačelnik Splita 2009. u drugom krugu (57%) i osvojenom relativnom većinom u gradskom vijeću. Na lokalnim izborima 2013. Kerum je u Splitu doživio teški poraz, na parlamentarnim izborima 2015. njegova stranka bila je daleko ispod izbornog praga, a na izvanrednim parlamentarnim izborima 2016. nije ni izašla s kandidacijskim listama. Usprkos naglom političkom usponu i još bržem padu, na lokalnim izborima 2017. događa se dramatičan preokret i povratak Željka Keruma na političku scenu. Iako je svega par mjeseci prije izbora za splitskog gradonačelnika bio potpuni autsajder, u prvom krugu je imao najbolji rezultat (30%) i drugi rezultat liste za gradsko vijeće (19%). Usprkos tijesnom porazu u drugom krugu izbora za gradonačelnika, 2017. je definitivno bila neočekivano bila godina njegovog munjevitog povratka na političku scenu u Hrvatskoj. Njegov uspjeh u znatnoj mjeri počiva na političkoj komunikaciji na društvenim mrežama. U ovom radu iznosimo tehnološke i sadržajne osobine postova Željka Keruma na službenom Facebook profilu u kampanji za izbore za Gradonačelnika Splita 2017.

Small farmer households in both Croatia and Serbia are exposed to the influences of various unfavorable structural factors, which establishes them as a vulnerable social group marked by constant existential insecurity. In this study we analyze the interviews conducted with the members of 10 small farmer households, aiming to identify and describe their life- strategies as well as situate them within the broader social context. The in-depth analysis of strategies and practices of interviewed households is conducted for multiple social fields and combined with the description of the types and levels of capitals they have (Bourdieu, 1998). The practices are analyzed in relation to particularities of local geographies (Caldwell, 2004). Strategies will be situated within in the context of the changed role of the state as well as in the framework of “diverse economic practices” (Smith and Stenning, 2006). One of the study findings is the compatibility of the capital and practices of interviewed small farmers with the concept of the “poverty of resources” (de la Rocha, 2001). In that context, the study examines the use of social capital, the changes of quality and intensity of social networks brought on by the economic crisis and the importance of non-monetary exchanges. Paradoxically, the interviewed small farmers perceived the state primarily as a constraining and penalizing factor instead as an enabling and supportive factor in both Croatia and Serbia. In the context of their insecure market position and fluctuating demands, a few of the interviewed small farmer households developed an entrepreneurial identity and used various strategies to adapt, while those with more traditional strategies expressed severe existential insecurity and hardships in coping with their insecure economic position.

Stable employment has become hard to attain for many young people in Western societies and their transitions to work increasingly insecure (Woodman & Wyn, 2015 ; ILO, 2014 ; Standing, 2011). In a country with one of the highest youth and young adult unemployment rates in the European Union, Croatia, transition from education to employment is marked by long periods of job-seeking, short term jobs and underemployment (Matković, 2011). Along with the influences from macro-social factors, the transition from education to employment is an outcome of the young peoples’ long term education and career strategies as well as specific strategies in the process of seeking employment. Following Bourdieu (1997) we take strategies as part conscious, part pre- conscious and generated from the habitus. And as the social world is ‘accumulated history’ (Bourdieu, 1979 ; 1990) marked by inequalities and not everything is equally possible within, the young peoples’ strategies are not distributed randomly amongst the individuals. In this paper we aim to explore the education and career strategies of young people in Croatia from different social backgrounds, and how their habitus and unequal access to economic, social and cultural capital differentiate the transitions. To do so, we have reconstructed the field of social classes in Croatia with the Bourdieu-inspired Multiple Correspondence Analysis (Le Roux et al., 2008) using the data from a nationally representative survey. Typical households for every social fraction have been chosen and in-depth interviews with 15 young people who had finished education conducted, along with the separate interviews with their parents. That enables us to explore the role of reproduction of social inequalities in the transitions from education to employment as well as the forming of the strategies as interplay of family and young peoples’ habitus and capitals.

This paper presents the preliminary results of a nationally representative survey exploring the connections of household capitals, educational capitals and career life-paths of youth in Croatia. The data have been obtained as part of a wider questionnaire designed to survey life-strategies and survival strategies of individuals and households in South East European countries. Taking into account the ‘prolonged adulthood’ framework, in data analysis we have focused on the young people between 15 and 35 years of age. In our interpretation, the results of the quantitative survey have been complemented by various qualitative insights on the life-strategies of youth in Croatia. The analysis of the obtained data reveals that, as could be expected in a country with the third highest unemployment rate in the EU, many among the youth in the (post) transitional Croatia experience hindered individualisation due to prolonged dependence on the accumulated capitals of the parental generation. It is in this context that we analyze how household economic, cultural and social capitals act as distinctive factors in struggling with existential insecurities. It is concluded that high levels of insecurity and precarisation can both hinder rational anticipation and capacity to plan the future, steering not only youth but also household strategies to predominant presentism and the lack of strategic reasoning, and on the other hand stimulate the usage and conversion of the household and individual capitals in new and creative ways.

This paper presents the results of a study exploring the connections between young adults’ personal and family capitals and their transition into adulthood. The data have been obtained as a part of a wider questionnaire designed to survey life-strategies and survival strategies of individuals and households in four South East European countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia. In these societies, the transition from youth to adulthood is postponed and marked by the prolonged paths towards independence and self- sustainability (Flere et al., 2014 ; Žiga et al., 2015 ; Tomanović, 2012 ; Ilišin and Radin, 2007 ; Kuhar and Reiter, 2012). Having in mind the prolongation of transitions, in our paper we focus on young people between the ages of 25 and 35. These young adults often find themselves ‘in between’ youth and adulthood (EGRIS, 2001), unable or unwilling to make some of the transitions, as they are dealing with more uncertainty, especially after the beginning of the economic crisis. Successful transition from education to work is a prerequisite for other transitions, and it has been made more difficult for many young people as South East European societies suffer from very high youth unemployment rates. Lack of employment opportunities, insecure jobs and low salaries contribute to the prolonged dependence of youth on the accumulated capitals of the parental generation, confirmed in all four societies (Tomanović et al., 2012 ; Lavrič and Klanjšek, 2011 ; Tomić-Koludrović and Leburić, 2001 ; Žiga et al., 2015). In our paper we analyze the two transitions into adulthood markers which are a precondition for the independence of young people (employment and leaving the parental home), searching for predictors among the young adults’ personal and family capital. One of our main research findings points to the importance of the role of social capital in the transition into adulthood among the youth in South East European societies.

In this paper we aim to explore the inclinations of youth in Croatia to populism and to understand their sources. The contemporary debate on populism could be more important than ever, with 2014 European parliament elections results which can be seen as the herald of the ‘new strength’ of populist forces in Europe. At the same time, populism is a rarely researched phenomenon in Croatia (Milardović 2004 ; Zakošek, 2010 ; Šalaj 2012), and to our knowledge our paper is the first comprehensive demand-side analysis. Drawing on the results of the MYPLACE project in Croatia, a research with a combined methodology, we used the data obtained with a social survey undertaken on the sample made of 1216 individuals between 16 and 25 years and a qualitative analysis of 61 in- depth interviews, conducted in 2013.

U ovom radu cilj nam je u osnovnim crtama razmotriti fenomen populizma. Pri- tom polazimo od stajališta kako je jačanje populističkih stranaka i pokreta, te uopće radikalizaciju europskog političkog prostora potrebno sagledati u perspektivi krize demokracije i krize ekonomskog modela u Europi. Kriza demokracije prije svega je kriza reprezentacije (Mouf e, 2013.) i simptom stanja u kojem se mogućnosti utjecaja glasača na politički konsenzus elita smanjuju (npr. Crouch, 2007.). Populistički akteri obećavaju vratiti “ukradenu” demokraciju “narodu”, a osim značajnim razinama biračke podrške populistima, svjedočimo i sve češćem korištenju populističkih strategija kod mnogih mainstream političkih aktera. Populizam može ozbiljno narušavati demokratski proces i zaštitu ljudskih prava, ali i razotkriti mogućnosti za oporavak demokracije. Ne zaboravljajući na opasnosti koje populistički projekti u većoj ili manjoj mjeri nose, smatramo da ih je potrebno sagledati ne isključivo kao “opasnu smetnju” već prije svega kao ozbiljan simptom kri- ze demokracije. Naime, populizam upućuje na slabosti modernih demokracija te na političke vrijednosti, želje i afekte građana koji ostaju bez predstavništva u političkoj areni. Populistički akteri svojom radikalizacijom politike mogu otvoriti pute k reduciranju ekonomskih nejednakosti i uključivanju većeg broja građana kao kritičkih aktera u političku sferu, kao i djelovati prema isključivanju, širenju netolerancije i daljnjem udaljavanju populacija od demokratskih načela.

The young face an unsecure future in Croatia, with the third greatest youth unemployment rate in the EU and economy without recovery in sight. It is well known that this can push people to a greater susceptibility of radical politics and that younger people without much political experience are a vulnerable group. The paper introduces the results of a recently finished research on the MYPLACE project for Croatia. MYPLACE (Memory, Youth, Political Legacy And Civic Engagement) is a FP7 European comparative project funded by the European Commission which explores how young people's social participation is shaped by the shadows (past, present and future) of totalitarianism and populism in Europe. Amongst the other main goals, the project aims to evaluate the receptivity of youth to populism and radicalism. The paper will present the results of a research with a combined methodology - a social survey drawing on the sample made of 1216 individuals between 16 and 25 years and a qualitative analysis of 61 in-depth interviews. The main sample is a comparison of two regions in the city of Zagreb, Croatian capital. To abstract a few of the concerns that emerged as sources of a possible receptivity to populism: the research shows us that the young people's trust in all of the national political institutions is very low and that they have mostly negative attitudes towards politicians and politics in general. They have mixed opinions on democracy as a political system and a significant part of them thinks that a political system with a strong leader would be better for Croatia than the one we have now. Our research shows that a lack of historical knowledge and experience with different political systems as well as lack of political knowledge are among the main causes of this lack of trust in political system and preferences for radicalism and populism. The paper aims to elicit the meaning that the young people ascribe to the various aspects of democracy in Croatia ranging from their opinions on radical political parties to their ideas for a better and more effective politics – it aims to both describe their opinions and to show how common they are in a search of young peoples’ susceptibility to populism

The young have always been one of the best indicators of social change and frequently the force driving it. We aim to introduce the results of a recently finished research on the MYPLACE project for Croatia analysing the historical and cultural contextualization of young people's political heritage and social participation. MYPLACE (Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement) is a FP7 European comparative project which explores how young people's social consciousness is shaped by the shadows (past, present and future) of totalitarianism and populism in Europe. The research is composed of a social survey drawing upon the sample made of 1216 individuals between 16 and 25 years and a qualitative analysis of 61 in-depth interviews. The research is focused on the generation which grew up in a time of a political, social and economic transition and whose historical memory of totalitarianism, the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Balkan wars is almost solely transmitted memory. That generation faces an unsecure future in Croatia today, with the third greatest youth unemployment rate in the EU and economy without recovery in sight. It is well known that this can push people to a greater susceptibility to radical politics and that younger people without much political experience and historical knowledge are a vulnerable group. We aim to present the findings on the legacy of some of the crucial points of political heritage – socialism and the war in Croatia, as well as opinions and disputes on democracy in Croatia today and the susceptibility to radical politics.

This analytic report presents key findings from the analysis of semi-structured interviews in the frame of the My Place project (WP5). The report includes an analysis of 61 recorded and transcribed interviews, 25 at the Podsljeme location and 36 at the Pešćenica location and a summary of the findings for these two paired fieldwork sites – the two research locations in Croatia.