28 results on '"Chawky, N."'
Search Results
2. Risk factors for completed suicide in schizophrenia and other chronic psychotic disorders: A case–control study
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McGirr, A., Tousignant, M., Routhier, D., Pouliot, L., Chawky, N., Margolese, H.C., and Turecki, G.
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- 2006
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3. Risk Factors for Suicide Completion in Major Depression: A Case-Control Study of Impulsive and Aggressive Behaviors in Men
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Dumais, A., Lesage, A. D., Alda, M., Rouleau, G., Dumont, M., Chawky, N., Roy, M., Mann, J. J., Benkelfat, C., and Turecki, Gustavo
- Published
- 2005
4. Patterns of co-morbidity in male suicide completers
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KIM, C. D., LESAGE, A., SEGUIN, M., CHAWKY, N., VANIER, C., LIPP, O., and TURECKI, G.
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- 2003
5. Stresseurs professionnels et troubles mentaux courants : quels liens de causalité ?
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Nicolas, C., Chawky, N., Jourdan-Ionescu, C., Drouin, M.-S., Page, C., Houlfort, N., Beauchamp, G., and Séguin, M.
- Abstract
En 2015, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé a reconnu la dépression comme étant la première cause d’incapacité dans le monde. Ce problème de santé publique a des répercussions potentielles sur le milieu du travail.
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- 2024
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6. Stresseurs professionnels et troubles mentaux courants : quels liens de causalité ?
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Nicolas, C., primary, Chawky, N., additional, Jourdan-Ionescu, C., additional, Drouin, M.-S., additional, Page, C., additional, Houlfort, N., additional, Beauchamp, G., additional, and Séguin, M., additional
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- 2018
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7. Suicide and serotonin: Study of variation at seven serotonin receptor genes in suicide completers
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Turecki, G., primary, Sequeira, A., additional, Gingras, Y., additional, Séguin, M., additional, Lesage, A., additional, Tousignant, M., additional, Chawky, N., additional, Vanier, C., additional, Lipp, O., additional, Benkelfat, C., additional, and Rouleau, G.A., additional
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- 2002
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8. TPH and suicidal behavior: a study in suicide completers
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Turecki, G, primary, Zhu, Z, additional, Tzenova, J, additional, Lesage, A, additional, Séguin, M, additional, Tousignant, M, additional, Chawky, N, additional, Vanier, C, additional, Lipp, O, additional, Alda, M, additional, Joober, R, additional, Benkelfat, C, additional, and Rouleau, G A, additional
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- 2000
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9. Life trajectories and burden of adversity: mapping the developmental profiles of suicide mortality.
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Séguin M, Lesage A, Turecki G, Bouchard M, Chawky N, Tremblay N, Daigle F, and Guy A
- Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Little is known about differential suicide profiles across the life trajectory. This study introduces the life-course method in suicide research with the aim of refining the longitudinal and cumulative assessment of psychosocial factors by quantifying accumulation of burden over time in order to delineate distinctive pathways of completed suicide.MethodThe psychological autopsy method was used to obtain third-party information on consecutive suicides. Life-history calendar analysis served to arrive at an adversity score per 5-year segment that was then cluster-analysed and correlated to define victim profiles. RESULTS: Two distinct life trajectories emerged: (1) individuals who experienced childhood traumas, developmental adversity and little protection were more likely to present concurrent psychiatric and Axis II disorders; and (2) individuals who experienced less adversity but seemed more reactive to later major difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The life calendar approach presented here in suicide research adds to the identification of life events, distal and recent, previously associated with suicide. It also quantifies the burden of adversity over the life course, defining two distinct profiles that could benefit from distinct targeted preventive intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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10. Clinical specificity of prison inmates with severe mental disorders. A case-control study.
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Côté, Gilles, Lesage, Alain, Chawky, Nadia, Loyer, Michel, Côté, G, Lesage, A, Chawky, N, and Loyer, M
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MENTAL illness ,PRISONERS ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,PSYCHIATRY ,COMORBIDITY ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,MENTAL depression - Abstract
Background: We wished to determine whether prison inmates with severe mental disorders possess specific clinical characteristics compared with psychiatric in-patients suffering from similar problems.Method: Under a case-control design, 69 male prison inmates suffering from a schizophrenic or major affective disorder were matched for age and diagnostic spectrum to 60 male psychiatric in-patients. Standardised interviews were used to diagnose psychiatric disorders according to DSM-III-R and social functioning criteria. Case-notes were reviewed to cull data regarding social life, criminal record and service use.Results: Inmates were more likely to suffer from delusional/NOS psychotic disorders (72%) or major depression (70%), and psychiatric in-patients from schizophrenic or bipolar disorder (62% and 71%, respectively). Comorbidity was more prevalent among inmates than among in-patients, while in-patients presented less social autonomy than did inmates.Conclusions: The clinical specificity of prison inmates with severe mental disorders clearly differentiates them from psychiatric in-patients, and warrants recognition of their special needs for assessment and integrated treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1997
11. Suicide and serotonin: Study of variation at seven serotonin receptor genes in suicide completers
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Turecki, G., Sequeira, A., Gingras, Y., Séguin, M., Lesage, A., Tousignant, M., Chawky, N., Vanier, C., Lipp, O., and Benkelfat, C.
- Abstract
Suicide is an important public health problem, accounting for a significant proportion of total mortality among young people, particularly males. There is growing and consistent evidence suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in the predisposition to suicide. Based on several lines of evidence supporting a reduced serotonergic neurotransmission in subjects who committed suicide, we investigated variation at genes that code for serotonin receptor 1B (5-HTR1B), 1Dα (5-HTR1Dα), 1E (5-HTR1E), 1F (5-HTR1F), 2C (5-HTR2C), 5A (5-HTR5A), and 6 (5-HTR6) in a total sample of 106 suicide completers and 120 normal controls. No differences were observed in allelic or genotypic distributions between groups for any of the loci investigated. Moreover, further analysis according to suicide method or psychopathology also failed to reveal differences between groups. Our results do not support a substantial role of these serotonergic receptors in suicide completion. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2003
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12. Suicides in Nunavik: a life course study.
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Affleck W, Chawky N, Beauchamp G, Inukpuk MM, Annanack E, Paradis V, and Séguin M
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- Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Suicidal Ideation, Bullying, Suicide, Attempted
- Abstract
This study reports results of a life course study conducted with Inuit in Nunavik to obtain information on the life adversities and cumulative burden of adversity for three groups: those who died by suicide, those who attempted suicide, and those who experienced suicidal ideation but never attempted. The study involved different levels of collaboration between health authorities, front-line health workers and the research team. Results indicate that substance misuse and relational difficulties are most associated with the burden of adversity for those people who died by suicide, while bullying is most associated with the burden of adversity for those people who have made suicide attempts and those who have never made a suicide attempt. Specifically targeting parent-child relations, substance misuse, and bullying may be an important upstream strategy for reducing future suicidality in Nunavik.
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- 2021
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13. The Role of Adolescence in Development Paths Toward Suicide: Specificities and Shaping of Adversity Trajectories.
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Notredame CE, Chawky N, Beauchamp G, Vaiva G, and Séguin M
- Abstract
Purpose: Adolescence is a key period of transitions in the psychological, cognitive, neurobiological and relational domains, which is associated to high susceptibility to adverse life experiences. However, the way adolescent development alters life paths toward suicide remains unclear. Thereby, we aimed at testing whether and how adolescence interfered with the adversity trajectories of individuals who died by suicide. Methods: In a sample of 303 individuals who died by suicide, longitudinal Burden of Adversity ratings were derived from extensive psychological autopsies and life trajectory narrative interviews conducted with informants. Piecewise Joint Latent Class Models allowed the identification of patterns of adversity trajectories and tested the introduction of breakpoints in life-paths. Classes inferred from the optimal model were compared in terms of socio-demographics, psychopathology, and rate of different adverse life events. Results: The most accurate model derived 2 trajectory patterns with a breakpoint in early adolescence. In the first class ( n = 39), the burden of adversity increased steadily from birth to death, which occurred at 23 ( SE = 1.29). In the second class ( n = 264), where individuals died at 43 years of age ( SE = 0.96), the burden of adversity followed a similar trajectory during infancy but stabilized between 10 and 14 years and started to increase again at about 25. Childhood family instability, dependent events, exposure to suicide, intra-family sexual victimization and affective disorders at death were more frequent in class 1. Conclusions: A bifurcation in trajectories between early and late suicides occurs during adolescence. The dynamic pattern of adversity during this period is a key issue to understand the developmental heterogeneity in suicide risk., (Copyright © 2020 Notredame, Chawky, Beauchamp, Vaiva and Séguin.)
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- 2020
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14. Suicide amongst the Inuit of Nunavut: An Exploration of Life Trajectories.
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Affleck W, Chachamovich E, Chawky N, Beauchamp G, Turecki G, and Séguin M
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- Humans, Interviews as Topic, Nunavut, Inuit, Suicide, Attempted ethnology
- Abstract
This article reports results of the life trajectories from 92 Inuit who died by suicide, matched for age and gender with 92 living-controls. A proxy-based procedure and semi-structured interviews with informants were conducted to obtain trajectories of developmental events occurring over the life course for suicide and community-matched controls. Results from this research indicate two different trajectories that differentiate the control-group from the suicide-group throughout the life course. Even though the number of suicide attempts are similar between both groups, the suicide-group had a more important burden of adversity, which seemed to create a cascading effect, leading to suicide.
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- 2020
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15. [Professional stressors and common mental health disorders: Causal links?]
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Nicolas C, Chawky N, Jourdan-Ionescu C, Drouin MS, Page C, Houlfort N, Beauchamp G, and Séguin M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Mental Disorders etiology, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases etiology, Occupational Stress complications, Personal Satisfaction, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Workplace, Young Adult, Mental Disorders psychology, Occupational Diseases psychology, Occupational Stress psychology
- Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, depression has become the leading cause of disability in the world, contributing significantly to the burden of health issues especially in the industrialized countries. This is a major public health problem, with potential impact on work climates, productivity at work and the continued existence of the organizations. Some recent studies have examined potential links between professional factors and common mental health disorders, but none have demonstrated a direct causal link., Objective: In the present study, we explored possible links between work-related stressors and common mental health disorders, with the objective of determining priority mental health prevention axes., Method: The study used a life trajectory method. We compared professional stressors and difficulties present in other spheres of life in the last five years between two groups: a group of 29 participants with common mental health disorders during the last five years (depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, pathological gambling), and a group of 29 participants who have not experienced a mental health disorder in the last five years. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with the participants using a life course analysis method. Each participant was interviewed during two or three meetings of two to three hour duration. Questions regarding difficulties in different spheres of life and mental health were asked. More precisely, data were collected with regards to the presence or absence of mental health disorders in the last five years and the nature of mental health disorders and difficulties. Moreover, we collected data pertaining to the most important positive and negative events in different spheres of life that were present in the last five years, including family life, romantic relationships, social life, academic difficulties, losses and separations, episodes of personal difficulties, financial difficulties as well as protective factors. Regarding professional difficulties present in the last five years, data were collected on different kinds of adversities such as difficulties in finding a job, periods of unemployment, frequent job changes, difficult working conditions, discrimination, difficult working relationships with colleagues and with employers, moral harassment and family-work conflicts., Results: Participants with common mental health disorders are more concerned about having general professional difficulties at work and about having difficult working relationships with employers. However, difficulties related to other spheres of life do not differentiate the two groups., Conclusion: It is possible that the work environment is linked to common mental health disorders. In particular, having general professional stressors at the work place and having difficult relationships with employers can impact the occurrence of common mental health disorders. Inversely, these stressors at work can be the consequence of a common mental health disorder. Complementary studies are of interest. Professional stressors can constitute an essential part in the occurrence of common mental health disorders. Thus, the workplace seems a priority environment for deploying effective mental health prevention strategies. Moreover, this can be a strategy for organizations to improve the work climate and to increase productivity., (Copyright © 2017 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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16. Protective Factors in the Inuit Population of Nunavut: A Comparative Study of People Who Died by Suicide, People Who Attempted Suicide, and People Who Never Attempted Suicide.
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Beaudoin V, Séguin M, Chawky N, Affleck W, Chachamovich E, and Turecki G
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- Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Nunavut epidemiology, Prevalence, Protective Factors, Young Adult, Inuit statistics & numerical data, Suicide ethnology, Suicide psychology
- Abstract
Epidemiological data shows an alarming prevalence of suicide in Aboriginal populations around the world. In Canada, the highest rates are found in Inuit communities. In this article, we present the findings of a secondary analysis conducted with data previously collected as part of a larger study of psychological autopsies conducted in Nunavut, Canada. The objective of this secondary analysis was to identify protective factors in the Inuit population of Nunavut by comparing people who died by suicide, people from the general population who attempted suicide, and people from the general population who never attempted suicide. This case-control study included 90 participants, with 30 participants in each group who were paired by birth date, sex, and community. Content analysis was first conducted on the clinical vignettes from the initial study in order to codify the presence of protective variables. Then, inferential analyses were conducted to highlight differences between each group in regards to protection. Findings demonstrated that (a) people with no suicide attempt have more protective variables throughout their lifespan than people who died by suicide and those with suicide attempts within the environmental, social, and individual dimensions; (b) people with suicide attempts significantly differ from the two other groups in regards to the use of services; and (c) protective factors that stem from the environmental dimension show the greatest difference between the three groups, being significantly more present in the group with no suicide attempt. Considering these findings, interventions could focus on enhancing environmental stability in Inuit communities as a suicide prevention strategy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
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- 2018
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17. Evaluation of the Dawson College Shooting Psychological Intervention: Moving Toward a Multimodal Extensive Plan.
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Séguin M, Chawky N, Lesage A, Boyer R, Guay S, Bleau P, Miquelon P, Szkrumelak N, Steiner W, and Roy D
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In 2006, following the shooting at Dawson College, the authorities implemented an intervention plan. This provided an opportunity to analyze the responses to services offered, and afforded a learning opportunity, which led to the proposal of an extensive multimodal short- and long-term psychological plan for future needs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered 18 months after the event, involving the participation of 948 students and staff. Mental health problems and the perception of services offered after the shooting were investigated, using standardized measures. Second, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted among a subgroup of participants (support team members; teachers and employees; students and parents) and permitted to gather data on services received and services required. Individual report of events, the extent of psychological impact and services offered and received were analyzed in terms of the following dimensions: intervention philosophy, training, ongoing offer of services and finally, detection and outreach. A significant incidence of disorders and a high rate of exacerbation of preexisting mental disorders were observed within the 18 months following the shooting. Postimmediate and short-term intervention appeared adequate, but the long-term collective vision toward community support and availability of mental health services were lacking. Lessons learned from this evaluation and other school shootings suggest that preparedness and long-term community responses are often overlooked. A multimodal extensive plan is proposed based on a theoretical model from which interventions strategies could be drawn.
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- 2013
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18. Systematic services audit of consecutive suicides in New Brunswick: the case for coordinating specialist mental health and addiction services.
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Lesage A, Séguin M, Guy A, Daigle F, Bayle MN, Chawky N, Tremblay N, and Turecki G
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- Adult, Alcoholism epidemiology, Alcoholism psychology, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Depressive Disorder psychology, Depressive Disorder therapy, Female, Health Priorities, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment statistics & numerical data, New Brunswick, Referral and Consultation statistics & numerical data, Risk Assessment statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Clinical Audit, Cooperative Behavior, Interdisciplinary Communication, Patient Care Team, Suicide psychology, Suicide Prevention
- Abstract
Objective: To weight the potential of promotion, prevention, and treatment programs to help establish priorities in multipronged suicide prevention strategies., Methods: Psychological autopsy methods served to collect information on consecutive suicides over 14 months in New Brunswick (n = 102). A panel of researchers, clinicians, provincial planners, and consumers reviewed the cases and applied a systematic needs assessment procedure to establish interventions and services received, unmet needs at the individual level, and programmatic and systemic shortcomings., Results: More than two-thirds of the individuals suffered from a depressive disorder and a similar proportion from substance (essentially alcohol) abuse or dependence; one-half also presented a personality disorder. In the last year, more than one-half had been in contact with a mental health services specialist, but less than 5% had contact with addiction services, though one-third had previous contact in their lifetime. In one-third of the cases, service gaps called for greater coordination and integration of mental health specialists and addiction services within the health care system. In one-half of the cases, system needs were found to be unmet for public awareness efforts aimed at encouraging individuals to consult health and social services professionals, and in terms of training efforts geared to improving detection, treatment, and referral for mental illness, substance-related problems, and suicidal behaviour by primary medical, social, and specialist services., Conclusion: This study supports multipronged suicide prevention strategies that should include integrated public promotion, professional development campaigns, and better program coordination. Authorities in New Brunswick have opted to favour the latter strategy component, whose development and application must be evaluated to determine its impact on suicide rates.
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- 2008
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19. Suicide cases in New Brunswick from April 2002 to May 2003: the importance of better recognizing substance and mood disorder comorbidity.
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Séguin M, Lesage A, Chawky N, Guy A, Daigle F, Girard G, and Turecki G
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Catchment Area, Health, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Mood Disorders diagnosis, New Brunswick epidemiology, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate all suicide cases that occurred in New Brunswick in the 14 months spanning April 1, 2002, to May 31, 2003, to determine 6-month and lifetime prevalence rates of psychopathology in the deceased., Method: We used 2 psychological autopsy methods: direct proxy-based interviews and medical chart reviews, together with telephone contacts with informants. Consensus DSM-IV diagnoses were formulated by clinical panels on the basis of the Structured Clinical Interviews I and II for DSM-IV complemented by medical charts., Results: Of the 109 suicide deaths identified by the coroner at the time of the study, we were able to investigate 102. At time of death, 65% of the suicide victims had a mood disorder, 59% had a substance-related disorder, and 42% had concurrent mood and substance-related disorders. The lifetime prevalence of substance-related disorders among these suicide victims was 66%. Finally, 52% of the suicide victims presented with a personality disorder; one-half of these were of the cluster B type., Conclusions: Although treatment of depression has frequently been recognized as the focal point of clinically based suicide-prevention efforts, our results underscore substance-related disorders as a key dimension of completed suicide. Suicide-prevention programs should be designed to address this problem more directly.
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- 2006
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20. STin2 variant and family history of suicide as significant predictors of suicide completion in major depression.
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Lopez de Lara C, Dumais A, Rouleau G, Lesage A, Dumont M, Chawky N, Alda M, Benkelfat C, and Turecki G
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- Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Depressive Disorder, Major mortality, Family Health, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Personality genetics, Personality Tests standards, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, Predictive Value of Tests, Quebec epidemiology, Risk Factors, Tandem Repeat Sequences genetics, Depressive Disorder, Major genetics, Gene Frequency genetics, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins genetics, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Suicide is the most serious outcome of major depression, yet not all depressed patients will commit suicide. Genes, along with other factors, might account for this difference. Serotonergic alterations have been observed in suicide and depression and impulsive-aggressive behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of suicide, considering genetic variation at the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene., Methods: We investigated the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (STin2) variants of this gene and their relationship to behavioral and clinical risk factors for suicide in a sample of depressed suicides (n =106) and depressed control subjects (n =152), diagnosed by means of proxy-based interviews., Results: We found a significant association of suicide completion with having at least one copy of the STin2 10 allele [chi(2)(1) = 10.833, p = .002]. No differences were found for the 5-HTTLPR variable number of tandem repeats. After controlling for behavioral and clinical risk factors for suicide, the STin2 variant remained a significant predictor of suicide in major depression when jointly considered with a family history of suicide (odds ratio 5.560, 95% confidence interval 1.057-29.247)., Conclusions: The STin2 locus might account, at least in part, for the observed familial aggregation of suicidal behavior. These results should be further explored in families where clustering of suicidal behavior is observed.
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- 2006
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21. Psychiatric risk factors for motor vehicle fatalities in young men.
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Dumais A, Lesage AD, Boyer R, Lalovic A, Chawky N, Ménard-Buteau C, Kim C, and Turecki G
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- Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Male, Observer Variation, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Accidents, Traffic mortality, Antisocial Personality Disorder epidemiology, Automobile Driving statistics & numerical data, Borderline Personality Disorder epidemiology, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Motor vehicle accident (MVA) fatalities are an important cause of death in young men. Psychiatric disorders have been shown to be risk factors for MVA, but only a few studies have investigated MVA fatalities., Method: A case-control study was carried out comparing 61 young male MVA fatalities in which the subject was the driver with an equal number of living male subjects matched for age (case by case with no more than 1 year's difference between case subjects and control subjects) with the accident group. We assessed both groups, using structured interviews and psychological autopsies., Results: Our results suggest that cluster B personality disorders (borderline and [or] antisocial) (OR 3.54; 95%CI, 1.38 to 16.01) and substance use disorders in the last 6 months (OR 4.33; 95%CI, 1.42 to 9.25) increased the risk of dying in MVAs. In addition, we observed an age effect, where differences in cluster B personality disorders and substance use disorders in the last 6 months were only significantly more prevalent in case subjects aged 26 years or over, compared with control subjects of the same age. Drivers under age 25 years appeared to be comparable with control subjects on all measures of psychopathology. Finally, this interaction between cluster B personality disorders and age over 26 years was the only significant predictor of car fatalities (adjusted OR 16.25; 95%CI, 1.67 to 158.10)., Conclusion: Borderline and antisocial personality disorders in which impulsive-aggressive behaviours play a central role and substance use disorders appear to be risk factors for young male deaths in MVAs. Interestingly, this effect seems to be specific to MVA case subjects aged 26 years or over.
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- 2005
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22. Is violent method of suicide a behavioral marker of lifetime aggression?
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Dumais A, Lesage AD, Lalovic A, Séguin M, Tousignant M, Chawky N, and Turecki G
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- Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior diagnosis, Impulsive Behavior psychology, Logistic Models, Male, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Disorders psychology, Odds Ratio, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Violence psychology, Aggression psychology, Cause of Death, Suicide psychology, Violence statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the method of suicide is a valid behavioral marker of a lifetime history of aggression., Method: The authors applied the psychological autopsy method to investigate 310 individuals who committed suicide. They used structured clinical assessments and personality trait scales in interviews with family members of the deceased., Results: Violent method was associated with a higher level of lifetime aggression and a higher level of impulsivity. In addition, violent method was associated with lifetime substance abuse or dependence and psychotic disorders. Controlling for age, sex, substance disorders, and other major psychopathology, the authors found that lifetime aggression and the interaction between impulsivity and aggressive behavior remained associated with violent method., Conclusions: These results support the use of violent method of suicide as a behavioral marker of a higher level of lifetime impulsive-aggressive behaviors.
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- 2005
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23. Familial aggregation of suicidal behavior: a family study of male suicide completers from the general population.
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Kim CD, Seguin M, Therrien N, Riopel G, Chawky N, Lesage AD, and Turecki G
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- Adult, Aggression psychology, Alcoholism diagnosis, Alcoholism epidemiology, Child, Child of Impaired Parents statistics & numerical data, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease epidemiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease psychology, Humans, Male, Pedigree, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Personality Disorders psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quebec epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Child of Impaired Parents psychology, Family psychology, Suicide psychology
- Abstract
Objective: This study compared suicidality in families of adult male suicide completers and community comparison subjects., Method: Two hundred forty-seven relatives of 25 male suicide completers and 171 relatives of 25 matched comparison subjects were assessed for recurrent risk of suicidal and related behaviors. Analyses were performed on a subgroup of relatives of suicide completers with cluster B personality disorders., Results: Relatives of suicide completers were over 10 times more likely than relatives of comparison subjects to attempt or complete suicide after the authors controlled for psychopathology. Relatives of suicide completers were not more likely to exhibit suicidal ideation but had more severe suicidal ideation than relatives of comparison subjects. These findings were stronger for the suicide completers diagnosed with cluster B personality disorders., Conclusions: Suicide has a familial component independent of psychopathology that may be mediated by a combination of factors, including more severe suicidal ideation and aggressive behavior.
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- 2005
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24. Seasonal differences in psychopathology of male suicide completers.
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Kim CD, Lesage AD, Seguin M, Chawky N, Vanier C, Lipp O, and Turecki G
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- Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis, Borderline Personality Disorder epidemiology, Borderline Personality Disorder psychology, Canada epidemiology, Catchment Area, Health, Comorbidity, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnosis, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder psychology, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Personality Disorders psychology, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Schizophrenic Psychology, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Seasons, Suicide psychology, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Suicide is known to vary according to season, with peaks in the spring and troughs in the winter. The presence of psychopathology is a significant predictor of suicidality, and it is possible that the seasonal variation of suicide completion may be related to seasonality in the manifestation of psychiatric disorders common to suicide completers. In the current study, we evaluated 115 French-Canadian male suicide completers from the Greater Montreal Area for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders using proxy-based diagnostic interviews. Subjects were assessed for seasonal differences in the prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses just before their deaths. Diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) without comorbid cluster B personality disorders, and schizophrenia were differently distributed between seasons. Most (63.4%) subjects with MDD committed suicide in the spring/summer (P =.038). However, closer examination revealed that depressed suicides with comorbid cluster B personality disorders did not show seasonality, while 83.3% of depressed suicides without comorbid cluster B personality disorders committed suicide in the spring/summer (P =.019). 87.5% of those suicides with schizophrenia committed suicide in the fall/winter (P =.026), and the only suicide with schizophrenia who died in the spring/summer was also the only one without positive symptomology. Our study is limited to male suicide completers, and results should not be generalized to women. We conclude that seasonal variation in suicide manifests itself differently in patients with different psychopathology. These findings indicate that assessment of suicide risk may need to include consideration of possible seasonal effects, depending on psychopathology.
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- 2004
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25. Investigation of completed suicide and genes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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Lalovic A, Sequeira A, DeGuzman R, Chawky N, Lesage A, Seguin M, and Turecki G
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- Adult, Aggression, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol blood, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Cholesterol biosynthesis, Cholesterol genetics, Suicide
- Abstract
Background: Several lines of evidence support the association between low or lowered levels of serum total cholesterol and suicide. Genetic epidemiological studies suggest that genes predispose to suicide. Given that genes control many aspects of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism, one approach through which to explore the putative association between low cholesterol and suicide is through genetic studies., Methods: We examined the potential role of five genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and transport in a total sample of 305 male Caucasian subjects, consisting of 145 suicide completers and 160 controls. We investigated variation in the HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes., Results: We were unable to detect significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between the suicide cases and controls for any of the genes studied. No relationship was found between genotype and impulsivity or aggression as measured using the BIS and BDHI, respectively., Limitations: The limitations of this study are consistent with the typical limitations inherent in most genetic association studies involving complex behavioral traits., Conclusion: Although these genes are unlikely to play a major role in susceptibility to suicide, further studies in a larger sample are necessary to reveal the smaller genetic effects, if present.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Alpha 2A adrenergic receptor gene and suicide.
- Author
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Sequeira A, Mamdani F, Lalovic A, Anguelova M, Lesage A, Seguin M, Chawky N, Desautels A, and Turecki G
- Subjects
- Adult, DNA Primers genetics, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders diagnosis, Gene Expression, Gene Frequency, Genetic Carrier Screening, Genotype, Humans, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Suicide psychology, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders epidemiology, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders genetics, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Personality Disorders genetics, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 genetics, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Suicide is a complex trait resulting from the interaction of several predisposing factors, among which genes seem to play an important role. Alterations in the noradrenergic system have been observed in postmortem brain studies of suicide victims when compared to controls. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that genetic variants of the alpha(2A) adrenergic receptor gene are implicated in suicide and/or have a modulatory effect on personality traits that are believed to mediate suicidal behavior. We studied a sample of suicides (N=110) and control subjects (N=130) for genetic variation at four loci, including three in the promoter region (g-1800t, c-1291 g and the g-261a) of the alpha(2A) adrenergic receptor gene, and a potentially functional locus, N251K, which leads to an amino acid change (asparagine to lysine). No significant differences were observed at the promoter loci in terms of allelic or genotypic distribution between suicides and controls. However, analysis of the functional polymorphism N251K revealed that the 251 K allele was only present among suicides, though only three suicide cases had this allele, two of which were homozygous. These results are preliminary. If confirmed, they suggest that variation at the alpha(2A) adrenergic receptor gene may play a role in a small proportion of suicide cases.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Wolfram syndrome and suicide: Evidence for a role of WFS1 in suicidal and impulsive behavior.
- Author
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Sequeira A, Kim C, Seguin M, Lesage A, Chawky N, Desautels A, Tousignant M, Vanier C, Lipp O, Benkelfat C, Rouleau G, and Turecki G
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Founder Effect, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Impulsive Behavior etiology, Mutation, Missense, Phenotype, Severity of Illness Index, Wolfram Syndrome genetics, Impulsive Behavior genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Suicide, Wolfram Syndrome complications
- Abstract
There is evidence suggesting that subjects affected with the Wolfram syndrome (WFS) and normal carriers present an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and suicidal behavior. We investigated a possible role of the gene involved in WFS (WFS1) in the neurobiology of suicide and the potential modulatory effect on traits associated to suicidal behavior. Genetic variation at WFS1 (H611R, R456H, and I333V) was investigated in 111 suicide victims and 129 normal controls. Possible effects on psychopathology and behavioral traits were investigated in a subsample of suicide cases (N = 31) for whom phenotyping was carried out by means of structured psychiatric interviews and questionnaires adapted for psychological autopsies. We found a significantly higher frequency of the 611R/611R genotype in suicide completers as compared to controls (chi(2) = 19.21, df=2, P = 0.001). Suicide completers with this genotype had higher scores on measures of impulsivity (t = -3.15, df = 15.3, P = 0.006); novelty seeking (NS) (t = -3.35, df = 13.8, P = 0.005); and conversely, lower scores of persistence (t = 2.4, df = 16.6, P = 0.028). Scores of impulsivity and NS remained higher in subjects with the associated genotype after adjusting for age, gender, and psychopathology. These results suggest a role for WFS1 in the pathophysiology of impulsive suicide, and are consistent with previous clinical reports suggesting an increased risk of suicidal behavior in WFS homozygotes and heterozygotes. However, these findings are preliminary and should be confirmed in independent samples., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Prediction of level of serotonin 2A receptor binding by serotonin receptor 2A genetic variation in postmortem brain samples from subjects who did or did not commit suicide.
- Author
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Turecki G, Brière R, Dewar K, Antonetti T, Lesage AD, Séguin M, Chawky N, Vanier C, Alda M, Joober R, Benkelfat C, and Rouleau GA
- Subjects
- Adult, Haplotypes, Humans, Ketanserin, Linkage Disequilibrium, Logistic Models, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, Radioligand Assay, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptors, Serotonin analysis, Serotonin Antagonists, Genetic Variation genetics, Prefrontal Cortex chemistry, Receptors, Serotonin genetics, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: Postmortem studies have indicated that suicide victims have greater serotonin receptor 2A (5-HTR2A) binding in prefrontal brain regions. However, there remains some controversy regarding the biological specificity of these findings. The authors hypothesized that the variance observed in brain 5-HTR2A binding is genetically mediated, at least in part., Method: Postmortem data from 56 subjects who had committed suicide and 126 normal comparison subjects were studied; brain tissue was available from 11 subjects who committed suicide and 11 comparison subjects. Homogenate binding assays were carried out with [3H]ketanserin. Variation at the 5-HTR2A gene (HTR2A) was investigated by means of two polymorphisms: T102C and A-1438G., Results: 5-HTR2A binding was greater in the prefrontal cortex of the subjects who committed suicide. In addition, the findings suggest that HTR2A variation significantly affects 5-HTR2A binding. However, no interaction between suicidal behavior and this locus was observed., Conclusions: These results confirm previous reports of greater 5-HTR2A binding in subjects who committed suicide; they also provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the number of 5-HTR2A receptors is genetically mediated.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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