1. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries
- Author
-
Maria I. T. Olsson, Sanne van Grootel, Katharina Block, Carolin Schuster, Loes Meeussen, Colette Van Laar, Toni Schmader, Alyssa Croft, Molly Shuyi Sun, Mare Ainsaar, Lianne Aarntzen, Magdalena Adamus, Joel Anderson, Ciara Atkinson, Mohamad Avicenna, Przemysław Bąbel, Markus Barth, Tessa M. Benson‐Greenwald, Edona Maloku, Jacques Berent, Hilary B. Bergsieker, Monica Biernat, Andreea G. Bîrneanu, Blerta Bodinaku, Janine Bosak, Jennifer Bosson, Marija Branković, Julius Burkauskas, Vladimíra Čavojová, Sapna Cheryan, Eunsoo Choi, Incheol Choi, Carlos C. Contreras‐Ibáñez, Andrew Coogan, Ivan Danyliuk, Ilan Dar‐Nimrod, Nilanjana Dasgupta, Soledad de Lemus, Thierry Devos, Marwan Diab, Amanda B. Diekman, Maria Efremova, Léïla Eisner, Anja Eller, Rasa Erentaite, Denisa Fedáková, Renata Franc, Leire Gartzia, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Julija Gecaite‐Stonciene, Adriana L. Germano, Ilaria Giovannelli, Renzo Gismondi Diaz, Lyudmila Gitikhmayeva, Abiy Menkir Gizaw, Biljana Gjoneska, Omar Martínez González, Roberto González, Isaac David Grijalva, Derya Güngör, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, William Hall, Charles Harb, Bushra Hassan, Tabea Hässler, Diala R. Hawi, Levke Henningsen, Annedore Hoppe, Keiko Ishii, Ivana Jakšić, Alba Jasini, Jurgita Jurkevičienė, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Teri A. Kirby, Yoko Kitakaji, Natasza Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Inna Kozytska, Clara Kulich, Eva Kundtová‐Klocová, Filiz Kunuroglu, Christina Lapytskaia Aidy, Albert Lee, Anna Lindqvist, Wilson López‐López, Liany Luzvinda, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Delphine Martinot, Rita Anne McNamara, Alyson Meister, Tizita Lemma Melka, Narseta Mickuviene, María Isabel Miranda‐Orrego, Thadeus Mkamwa, James Morandini, Thomas Morton, David Mrisho, Jana Nikitin, Sabine Otten, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Elizabeth Page‐Gould, Ana Perandrés, Jon Pizarro, Nada Pop‐Jordanova, Joanna Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Sameir Quta, TamilSelvan Ramis, Nitya Rani, Sandrine Redersdorff, Isabelle Régner, Emma A. Renström, Adrian Rivera‐Rodriguez, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda Rocha, Tatiana Ryabichenko, Rim Saab, Kiriko Sakata, Adil Samekin, Tracy Sánchez‐Pachecho, Carolin Scheifele, Marion K. Schulmeyer, Sabine Sczesny, David Sirlopú, Vanessa Smith‐Castro, Kadri Soo, Federica Spaccatini, Jennifer R. Steele, Melanie C. Steffens, Ines Sucic, Joseph Vandello, Laura Maria Velásquez‐Díaz, Melissa Vink, Eva Vives, Turuwark Zalalam Warkineh, Iris Žeželj, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Xian Zhao, Sarah E. Martiny, „Wiley' grupė, Olsson, Mit, van Grootel, S, Block, K, Schuster, C, Meeussen, L, Van Laar, C, Schmader, T, Croft, A, Sun, M, Ainsaar, M, Aarntzen, L, Adamus, M, Anderson, J, Atkinson, C, Avicenna, M, Babel, P, Barth, M, Benson-Greenwald, Tm, Maloku, E, Berent, J, Bergsieker, Hb, Biernat, M, Birneanu, Ag, Bodinaku, B, Bosak, J, Bosson, J, Brankovic, M, Burkauskas, J, Cavojova, V, Cheryan, S, Choi, E, Choi, I, Contreras-Ibanez, Cc, Coogan, A, Danyliuk, I, Dar-Nimrod, I, Dasgupta, N, de Lemus, S, Devos, T, Diab, M, Diekman, Ab, Efremova, M, Eisner, L, Eller, A, Erentaite, R, Fedakova, D, Franc, R, Gartzia, L, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gecaite-Stonciene, J, Germano, Al, Giovannelli, I, Diaz, Rg, Gitikhmayeva, L, Gizaw, Am, Gjoneska, B, Gonzalez, Om, Gonzalez, R, Grijalva, Id, Gungor, D, Senden, Mg, Hall, W, Harb, C, Hassan, B, Hassler, T, Hawi, Dr, Henningsen, L, Hoppe, A, Ishii, K, Jaksic, I, Jasini, A, Jurkeviciene, J, Kelmendi, K, Kirby, Ta, Kitakaji, Y, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Kozytska, I, Kulich, C, Kundtova-Klocova, E, Kunuroglu, F, Aidy, Cl, Lee, A, Lindqvist, A, Lopez-Lopez, W, Luzvinda, L, Maricchiolo, F, Martinot, D, Mcnamara, Ra, Meister, A, Melka, Tl, Mickuviene, N, Miranda-Orrego, Mi, Mkamwa, T, Morandini, J, Morton, T, Mrisho, D, Nikitin, J, Otten, S, Pacilli, Mg, Page-Gould, E, Perandres, A, Pizarro, J, Pop-Jordanova, N, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Quta, S, Ramis, T, Rani, N, Redersdorff, S, Regner, I, Renstrom, Ea, Rivera-Rodriguez, A, Rocha, Ste, Ryabichenko, T, Saab, R, Sakata, K, Samekin, A, Sanchez-Pachecho, T, Scheifele, C, Schulmeyer, Mk, Sczesny, S, Sirlopu, D, Smith-Castro, V, Soo, K, Spaccatini, F, Steele, Jr, Steffens, Mc, Sucic, I, Vandello, J, Velasquez-Diaz, Lm, Vink, M, Vives, E, Warkineh, Tz, Zezelj, I, Zhang, Xx, Zhao, X, and Martiny, Se
- Subjects
inequality ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,parental leave ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,childcare ,cross-national ,VDP::Humaniora: 000 ,Philosophy ,Clinical Psychology ,cross- national ,Political Science and International Relations ,gender ,parental leave, gender, cross-national, inequality, childcare - Abstract
Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed., SSHRC Insight Development Grant 430-2018-00361 SSHRC Insight Grant 435-2014-1247 SSHRC doctoral fellowship, Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) ES/S00274X/1, State Research Agency PID2019--111549GB-I00/10.13039/501100011033, Guangdong 13th-five Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project GD20CXL06, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31600912 research infrastructure HUME Lab Experimental Humanities Laboratory, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) P1ZHP1_184553 P500PS_206546 P2LAP1_194987, Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (ANID/FONDAP) 15130009 Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (ANID/FONDAP) 15110006, SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellowship 756-2017-0249, Slovak Research and Development Agency project APVV 20--0319, Canada Research Chairs CGIAR CRC 152583, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) 140649, Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario 152655
- Published
- 2023