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Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by thermodimorphic fungi of Sporothrix schenckii complex and is usually transmitted as a result of traumatic inoculation of these microorganisms; infection can produce a number of manifestations. 1,2 In Brazil, sporotrichosis has been a major public health issue, with multiple outbreaks occurring because of zoonotic transmission, including contact with cats, and S brasiliensis is the most prevalent agent in Rio de Janeiro State.3,4 Immunocompromised individuals are thought to be at increased risk of developing a more severe clinical presentation.5 Disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompetent individuals as result of contact with cats has becoming increasingly reported. 6,7 Historically, cases of sporotrichosis in the Brazilian northeast have been infrequently reported, and this was not thought to be an endemic area for this mycosis. Herein, we report 4 cases of disseminated sporotrichosis in patients in a public hospital in Pernambuco. Publication of this case series report was granted institutional review board approval by the Ethics Committee in Research at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Dados da Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS) informam que a depressao circunda entre as doencas mais incapacitantes do mundo, estimando-se que mais de 300 milhoes de pessoas sofram com esta patologia. A psilocibina e um principio ativo extraido do cogumelo do genero Psilocybe de natureza quimica semelhante ao neurotransmissor serotonina (5- hidroxitriptamina) e a sua acao fisiologica em humanos deve-se a sua ligacao primaria aos receptores serotonergicos cerebrais de maneira agonista, promovendo maior absorcao de serotonina na fenda sinaptica, sendo o receptor 5-HT2A o de maior afinidade. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisao narrativa de literatura (RNL) e possui como objetivo promover o conhecimento cientifico acerca da psilocibina tendo em vista o seu potencial terapeutico sobre o transtorno depressivo maior, pois a depressao tambem esta relacionada ao hipofuncionamento bioquimico da atividade de neurotransmissores entre eles a noradrenalina, dopamina e serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina) e quando uma ou mais destas substâncias nao se encontram em quantidade suficiente na fenda sinaptica, os hormonios causadores de emocoes como alegria, euforia e bem estar nao sao produzidos pelo sistema nervoso, podendo assim se iniciar os sinais e sintomas da depressao. Logo, a importância de programas como este em faculdades e universidades faz-se necessario para que mais pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas e estimuladas nesta area.

Sporothrix chilensis is a mild-pathogenical specie of Sporothrix pallida complex, until now, known as restrict to Chile. Herein, we describe the first clinical isolates identified as S. chilensis in Brazil, preserved in the URM Culture Collection, by polyphasic taxonomy, and their respective antifungal profile of this emergent fungus., Author summary Fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii Complex are the causative agents of the sporotrichosis, subcutaneous mycosis that presents a massive global distribution. In this work, we perform a taxonomic review, by a poliphasic approach, of Sporothrix sp. isolates stored in the University of Recife Culture Collection (Micoteca URM), previously identified as Sporothrix schenckii by classic methods of taxonomic identification. In addition, we perform the method of broth microdilution, aiming to acquire the minimal inhibitory concentration of the standard antifungals (itraconazole and amphotericin B) against these isolates. By sequencing of the partial β-tub-encoding gene, we confirm the occurrence of S. schenckii, and identified four isolates as the S. pallida Complex component, S. chilensis. All the isolates were susceptible to the antifungals, except one, that shows resistance to amphotericin B. Our study demonstrated the first occurrence of S. chilensis in Brazil. Also, we provide the first data concerned the resistance profile of this specie for the choice antifungals in the sporotrichosis treatment, what will have important implications with this regard in the future.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is responsible for tuberculosis (TB) and Cryptococcus sp. responsible for cryptococcosis, are pathogenic microorganisms that especially affect patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both diseases present similar classic symptoms, which makes diagnosis and treatment consequently difficult. To our knowledge, a few reported cases of M. tuberculosis and Cryptococcus sp. co-infection in non-HIV patients exist. This study reports a TB and neurocryptococcosis (NC) comorbidity case in a patient who had no clinical or serological evidence of HIV-compromised immunity. A 49-year-old male patient, a farmer with a low education level, previously diagnosed with TB and was undergoing treatment for a month when he presented progressive headaches, fever, drowsiness and photosensitivity, a stiff neck and a positive Lasegue test. During hospitalization, the patient was also diagnosed with NC through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, which revealed the presence of capsulated yeasts by contrast with india ink. Following the yeast isolation, proteomic and molecular analyzes were performed. The patient received antifungal therapy in parallel with TB treatment, which caused complications and had to be modified twice. However, after three months of hospitalization the patient was discharged. Tuberculosis and cryptococcosis co-infection is a clinical and laboratory challenge, often leading to a delay in diagnosis. In this paper we emphasize the need to understand these infectious comorbidities in non-HIV patients from South America, since the few cases reported in the literature are from studies conducted in the United States and China.