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The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (http://legacysurvey.org/) are a combination of three public projects (the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey, the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey, and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey) that will jointly image ≈14,000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky visible from the northern hemisphere in three optical bands (g, r, and z) using telescopes at the Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The combined survey footprint is split into two contiguous areas by the Galactic plane. The optical imaging is conducted using a unique strategy of dynamically adjusting the exposure times and pointing selection during observing that results in a survey of nearly uniform depth. In addition to calibrated images, the project is delivering a catalog, constructed by using a probabilistic inference-based approach to estimate source shapes and brightnesses. The catalog includes photometry from the grz optical bands and from four mid-infrared bands (at 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22 μm) observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite during its full operational lifetime. The project plans two public data releases each year. All the software used to generate the catalogs is also released with the data. This paper provides an overview of the Legacy Surveys project.

The sexual behaviour of US youth places them at risk of negative outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. The US Centres for Disease Control recommend a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships to improve these outcomes. Yet, sexuality education across the country, especially in the US South, remains insufficient. Peer sexuality education programmes are a method to improve knowledge and influence risky sexual behaviours. However, support for such programmes is often limited in higher education. Partnerships across different types of higher education institutions may enhance feasibility through resource sharing. This study analysed data from focus group discussions with faculty/staff and students (6 groups, n = 18 faculty/staff, n = 21 students) at three different higher education institutions in North Carolina. Participants provided perspectives on institution-specific facilitators and barriers to discussing sexual health on campus. Perceived facilitators and barriers were similar between the predominantly white institution and the historically Black college/university, while the community college presented unique logistical issues that should be considered when developing peer sexuality education programmes.

Objective: Examine receptivity and motivation to use/quit tobacco among college students after viewing Truth ads. Participants: Random sample of 10,000 college students invited to complete online survey February 2016 (8.5% response rate). Methods: Quasi-experimental. Participants (N = 854) watched four ads and answered survey items for each ad. Results: Students rated ad receptivity and decreased motivation to use tobacco higher for the Catmageddon ad than the others. Regardless of ad, men and current cigarette smokers reported lower receptivity. Younger age was associated with lower motivation to use tobacco for all ads. Tobacco users reported greater motivation to quit with the Catmageddon ad. Conclusions: College students were receptive to the Truth ads, and many indicated lower motivation to use tobacco. Men, older college students, and current cigarette smokers were less receptive to the ads, reinforcing the need to develop tailored campaigns to reach these subgroups.

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14,000 square degrees will be measured during a 5-year survey. A new prime focus corrector for the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory will deliver light to 5,000 individually targeted fiber-fed robotic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broadband multi-object spectrographs. We describe the ProtoDESI experiment, that was installed and commissioned on the 4-m Mayall telescope from 2016 August 14 to September 30. ProtoDESI was an on-sky technology demonstration with the goal to reduce technical risks associated with aligning optical fibers with targets using robotic fiber positioners and maintaining the stability required to operate DESI. The ProtoDESI prime focus instrument, consisting of three fiber positioners, illuminated fiducials, and a guide camera, was installed behind the existing Mosaic corrector on the Mayall telescope. A fiber view camera was mounted in the Cassegrain cage of the telescope and provided feedback metrology for positioning the fibers. ProtoDESI also provided a platform for early integration of hardware with the DESI Instrument Control System that controls the subsystems, provides communication with the Telescope Control System, and collects instrument telemetry data. Lacking a spectrograph, ProtoDESI monitored the output of the fibers using a fiber photometry camera mounted on the prime focus instrument. ProtoDESI was successful in acquiring targets with the robotically positioned fibers and demonstrated that the DESI guiding requirements can be met.

Background: More radon-related lung cancers occur among those exposed to tobacco smoke. Objectives: To test the effects of a personalized environmental report back intervention on change in stage of action for air nicotine testing and adopting a smoke-free home and radon testing and mitigation from baseline to 3 months postintervention. Methods: The study design used a two-arm parallel groups randomized controlled trial with stratified quota sampling. The treatment group received free air nicotine and radon home test kits and a brief problem-solving phone intervention; the control group received a coupon for free test kits. A sample of 515 homeowners were enrolled; 319 completed the 3-month follow-up. Stage of action to test and remediate the home was measured consistent with the precaution adoption process model. Linear mixed modeling assessed whether the main and interaction effects of treatment and time were associated with the testing and remediation outcomes; multiple covariates were included in the models. Results: The models for the four stages of action outcomes (testing and remediating for radon and secondhand smoke) each had a significant treatment-by-time effect. The general pattern was an increase in stage of action from baseline to 3 months. The degree of change was generally larger among the treatment group participants relative to the controls, indicating that those in the treatment group were more ready to take action. For all the models, participants with higher self-efficacy for radon/air nicotine testing and radon/secondhand smoke remediation were more ready to take action to test and remediate. Synergistic risk perception was associated with stage of action for radon mitigation. Conclusions: Homeowners who were provided free radon and air nicotine test kits, given their results, and engaged in a brief telephonic problem-solving consultation tended to show a greater increase in readiness to take action to test and remediate by 3 months compared with those who received standard public health practice. Both groups showed an increase in stage of action for all four outcomes over time.

Learning communities in health and human performance are creative approaches to traditional academic outcomes. Learning communities are becoming increasingly widespread in a variety of contexts, and there is extensive evidence suggesting that effective learning communities have important benefits for students as well as faculty. In this article, three successful learning communities in health and human performance are described, each of which linked two courses around a common theme. Following a general description of learning communities, the "Community Wellness," "Lifelong Wellness," and "Healthy Youth" communities are described in detail, and evaluative data are presented. Results of student perception surveys indicated that students were generally satisfied with the program; it promoted interaction among them; it encouraged meaningful communication between them and the instructor; it deepened their learning; and it helped them feel a sense of community. We conclude with recommendations to facilitate success and plans for future research.

Johnson C. Smith University, one of the nation's oldest historically Black colleges and universities, has a peer education program known as Students with a Realistic Mission (SWARM). SWARM's primary focus is on HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted disease prevention, alcohol education, and other drug awareness. During the spring 2000 semester, we integrated service learning and peer education into two health education courses titled Healthful Living and Drugs. Students enrolled in the classes serve as peer educators for the semester. We piloted the service learning component during the spring and fall 2000 semesters. The component has been evaluated and revised several times, but remains an integral part of the two courses. This article describes and reviews program development, successes and obstacles, and provides a summary of our findings. (Contains 1 figure.)

Emerging tobacco product use is increasing. We evaluated factors associated with perceived risk of and intention to use waterpipe tobacco by surveying students at a large university in the southeastern U.S. (N = 667). Proportional odds modeling assessed whether demographic characteristics and social acceptability are associated with perceived risk of waterpipe tobacco use; and if these factors and perceived risk are related to intention to use waterpipe tobacco. Participants who perceived waterpipe tobacco to be more socially acceptable had lower odds of perceiving it as risky (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50--0.68). Compared with never users, former tobacco users and current users had lower odds of perceiving waterpipe tobacco use as risky (95% CI 0.38-0.80 and 0.28-0.63, respectively). Similarly, students with greater perceived social acceptability scores had higher odds of intending to use waterpipe tobacco (95% CI 1.41-2.63), while those who perceived greater risk had lower odds of intending to use it (95% CI 0.34-0.64). Compared with never users, former users had higher odds of intending to use waterpipe tobacco (95% CI 1.42-7.21). Among those who had ever used waterpipe tobacco, 90% reported "to socialize" as the most frequent reason for deciding to do so. Findings underscore the need for future prevention efforts.

Background: Tobacco media campaigns are effective, but less is known regarding the impact on college students. Purpose: The purpose was to test the effects of an on-campus Tips television campaign on frequency and believability of ads recalled and to assess demographic and personal factors associated with believability. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used to assess the 8-week campaign with 3 Tips ads. Two randomly selected cohorts of college students (N = 1593) from a large public university completed online surveys pre- and postcampaign. Group comparisons using chi-square tests, 2-sample t tests, and logistic regression, controlling for residence or cohort, and predictors of believability using proportional odds modeling were examined. Results: Ads were recalled by significantly more students (68%) postcampaign. Believability for one or more ads was lower for males, undergraduates, those belonging to fraternity/sorority, and current polytobacco users (P < 0.05). Believability was greater for those who recalled seeing the ads more often (P < 0.05). Discussion: Subgroups of college students, including males and undergraduates, reported less ad believability, which should be considered when designing communication strategies. Translation to Health Education Practice: Considering the potential impact and cost-effective nature of on-campus TV media campaigns, these ads need to be integrated into current campus tobacco control strategies.

Objective: To examine the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral effects of exposure among never- and ever-smoking college students. Participants: Participants were 665 college students at a large, southeastern university in the United States. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of online cross-sectional survey data from randomly selected students in April 2013. Results: Thirty-eight percent of the sample had moderate to high SHS exposure. Among never-smokers, SHS exposure was associated with increased susceptibility to initiating smoking. Among ever-smokers, SHS exposure was not associated with their perceived addiction to tobacco. In the total sample, SHS exposure was associated with greater psychobehavioral symptoms of exposure. Conclusions: SHS exposure may the increase risk of smoking, especially among never-smoking college students. This study strengthens the need for prevention strategies that limit SHS exposure in college environments.

Objectives: (1) Compare social norms and perceived peer use between college student cigarette, e-cigarette, and/or hookah users and nonusers; and (2) determine variables associated with social influences. Participants: Undergraduate students attending a large university in the Southeast United States (N = 511). Methods: An April 2013 online survey assessed use of 3 types of tobacco, social norms, perception of peer use, number of smokers in life, exposure to secondhand smoke, and demographic characteristics. Results: Participants indicated greater acceptance of emerging tobacco products than for cigarettes and consistently overestimated the percent of peers who use various tobacco products. Males and current users had higher social norm scores for all 3 forms of tobacco. Conclusion: To counter marketing of alternative tobacco products, education about the dangers of their use needs to be implemented across college campuses as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy that also includes tobacco-free campus policies.

Communication is essential for safe, effective patient care. In perioperative services, where interdisciplinary teamwork is crucial, communication breakdowns may lead to increased errors, decreased staff member satisfaction, and poor team performance. This process improvement project focused on instituting perioperative huddles for two months and measuring the effect that they had on staff members' satisfaction, engagement, and communication effectiveness. We used validated, Likert‐style survey tools to gauge participants' satisfaction, level of engagement, communication practices, and opinions about the value of huddles before and after implementation, in addition to an open‐ended descriptive question in the postsurvey. Sixty‐one participants completed the presurvey and 24 participants completed the postsurvey. Scores across all categories increased post huddle implementation. Benefits of the huddles noted by participants included timely and consistent messaging, sharing essential information, and increased feelings of connection between perioperative leaders and staff members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning communities are becoming increasingly popular in the quest for enhancing student learning. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the "Healthy Youth" Learning Community on student learning outcome measures. In this study, the authors compared student learning outcome measures of students enrolled in those sections of HED 332 that were involved in the Health Youth Learning Community with those who were not. The outcome measures used were: midterm exam, final exam, lesson plan, lesson plan presentation, and overall course average. Results indicate a statistically significant difference on midterm and final exam scores. (Contains 1 table.)