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On adopte une approche empirique et on essaie de porter un regard crois�� trilingue. D���une part, d��gager les configurations des r��seaux s��mantiques et phras��ologiques impliqu��s par le traitement lexicographique du mot �� entreprise �� en fran��ais. D���autre part, examiner de pr��s les ��quivalents de cette UL dans certains dictionnaires (bilingues et monolingues) albanais et arabes afin d���en d��gager les points de ressemblance et les diff��rences entre le fran��ais, l���albanais et l���arabe., It takes an empirical approach and tries to take a trilingual look at each other. It proposes to identify the configurations of semantic and phraseological networks involved in the lexicographic processing of the word �� entreprise �� in French. On the other hand, it tries to examine closely the equivalents of this lexical unit in certain Albanian and Arab dictionaries (bilingual and monolingual) in order to identify the similarities and differences between French, Albanian and Arabic.

Let $L_k=-��_k+V$ be the Dunk- Schr��dinger operators, where $��_k=\sum_{j=1}^dT_j^2$ is the Dunkl Laplace operator associated to the dunkl operators $T_j$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $V$ is a nonnegative potential function. In the first part of this paper we introduce the Riesz transform $R_j= T_j L_k^{-1/2}$ as an $L^2$- bounded operator and we prove that is of weak type $(1,1)$ and then is bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d,d��_k(x))$ for $1

In this paper, we study the $L^p$ boundedness of a class of oscillating multiplier operator for the Dunkl transform, $T_{m_\alpha}=\mathcal{F}_k^{-1}(m_{\alpha}\mathcal{F}_k(f))$ with $m(\xi)=|\xi|^{-\alpha}e^{\pm i|\xi|}\phi(\xi)$. We obtain an $L^p$-bound result for the corresponding maximal functions. As a specific applications, we give an extension of the $L^p$ estimate for the wave equation and of Stein's theorem for the analytic family of maximal spherical means \cite{Stein}, Comment: 18 pages

BACKGROUND\ud The West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease that peaked in 2014 has caused more than 11,000 deaths. The development of an effective Ebola vaccine is a priority for control of a future outbreak.\ud \ud METHODS\ud In this phase 1 study, we administered a single dose of the chimpanzee adenovirus 3 (ChAd3) vaccine encoding the surface glycoprotein of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) to 60 healthy adult volunteers in Oxford, United Kingdom. The vaccine was administered in three dose levels — 1×1010 viral particles, 2.5×1010 viral particles, and 5×1010 viral particles — with 20 participants in each group. We then assessed the effect of adding a booster dose of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strain, encoding the same Ebola virus glycoprotein, in 30 of the 60 participants and evaluated a reduced prime–boost interval in another 16 participants. We also compared antibody responses to inactivated whole Ebola virus virions and neutralizing antibody activity with those observed in phase 1 studies of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccine expressing a ZEBOV glycoprotein (rVSV-ZEBOV) to determine relative potency and assess durability.\ud \ud RESULTS\ud No safety concerns were identified at any of the dose levels studied. Four weeks after immunization with the ChAd3 vaccine, ZEBOV-specific antibody responses were similar to those induced by rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination, with a geometric mean titer of 752 and 921, respectively. ZEBOV neutralization activity was also similar with the two vaccines (geometric mean titer, 14.9 and 22.2, respectively). Boosting with the MVA vector increased virus-specific antibodies by a factor of 12 (geometric mean titer, 9007) and increased glycoprotein-specific CD8+ T cells by a factor of 5. Significant increases in neutralizing antibodies were seen after boosting in all 30 participants (geometric mean titer, 139; P

Urodynamic studies are conducted on a regular basis to evaluate changes in bladder function after spinal cord injury. Often, differences in urodynamic parameters exist from one study or one year to the next. The objective of this study was to provide reference ranges for "normal" variability in urodynamic parameters that can be considered as "no real change" from one study to the next.Retrospective chart review.Fifty consecutive individuals with spinal cord injury had 2 trials (trial 1 and trial 2) of urodynamic studies done 5 minutes apart, and the following data were collected: maximum cystometric capacity, opening pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, volume voided, and postvoid residual. The corresponding data were compared, and the frequency distribution for the change between consecutive studies was plotted. Because there is no standard, variability ranges for 5th to 95th, 10th to 90th, and 25th to 75th percentiles were calculated to give health care providers more choices.Ranges of variability are as follows in the following format (urodynamic parameter; mean value; +, maximum increase; -, maximum decrease)--5th to 95th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +213.50 mL, -158.05 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cmH2O, +30 cmH2O, -18.00 cmH2O); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cmH2O, +17.35 cmH2O, -27.80 cmH2O); volume voided (122.20 mL, +177.25 mL, -176.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +197.25 mL, -118.00 mL); 10th to 90th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +126.40 mL, -74.60 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cmH2O, +13.70 cmH2O, -12.00 cmH2O); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cmH2O, +10.00 cmH2O, -20.00 cmH2O); volume voided (122.20 mL, +105.60 mL, -82.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +131.00 mL, -86.00 mL); 25th to 75th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +72.00 mL, -27.00 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cmH2O, +4.00 cmH2O, -9.50 cmH2O; maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cmH2O, +4.00 cmH2O, -10.00 cmH2O); volume voided (122.20 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL).Urodynamic studies have variability. Knowing these ranges of variability can be helpful in determining whether differences between filling trial 1 and filling trial 2 in a single study or year-to-year changes in urodynamic studies are significant or simply the normal variability of the urodynamic study.

UNLABELLED A new patellofemoral arthroplasty is described, based on a previous design of total knee arthroplasty. The indications are for patients with specific isolated patellofemoral disease with advanced chondral or arthritic damage. The design and technique of insertion is detailed. Three hundred six patellofemoral arthroplasties have been done in 240 patients. The initial results show a high level of pain relief and improvement in function. Two-year followup is available for treatment of 124 knees and 5-year followup is available for treatment of 33 knees. There has been no deterioration in pain or function with followup to 5 years, and there were no late complications attributable to the arthroplasty. Disease progression in the tibiofemoral joint has occurred in 14 patients (16 knees, 5%) requiring revision in 10 of these patients (11 knees, 3.6%). Persistent anterior knee pain was recorded in 14 knees (4%). The short-term results using this new design were better than those of the prosthesis that we used previously, especially concerning malalignment and wear. It offers a reasonable alternative to total knee replacement in the small group of patients with isolated patellofemoral disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level II (prospective cohort study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Agent technology is a software paradigm that permits to implement large and complex distributed applications. In order to assist the development of multi-agent systems, agent-oriented methodologies (AOM) have been created in the last years to support modeling more and more complex applications in many different domains. By defining in a non-ambiguous way concepts used in a specific domain, Meta modeling may represent a step towards such interoperability. In the Transport domain, this paper propose an agent-oriented meta-model that provides rigorous concepts for conducting transportation system problem modeling. The aim is to allow analysts to produce a transportation system model that precisely captures the knowledge of an organization so that an agent-oriented requirements specification of the system-to-be and its operational corporate environment can be derived from it. To this end, we extend and adapt an existing meta-model, Extended Gaia, to build a meta-model and an adequate model for transportation problems. Our new agent-oriented meta-model aims to allow the analyst to model and specify any transportation system as a multi-agent system. Based on the proposed meta-model, we proposes an approach for modeling and evaluating the Transportation System based on Stochastic Activity Network (SAN) components. The proposed process is based on seven steps from Recognition phase to Quantitative Analysis phase. These analyzes are based on the Dependability models which are built using the formalism Stochastic Activity Network. A real case study of Urban Public Transportation System has been conducted to show the benefits of the approach., International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol. 2, No. 1, 2014. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1204.1581 by other authors without attribution

This retrospective review of infectious complications was undertaken at two craniofacial centers (Dallas and Philadelphia). Fourteen infections were identified over a 6.5-year period in 567 intracranial procedures primarily for craniosynostosis. There were no infections in infants under 13 months of age and no cases of meningitis. The overall infection rate was 2.5 percent, and 85 percent of infections occurred in secondary reoperative cases. Tracheostomies were not identified as a risk factor for infection. No difference was found in infection rates between patients with shaved and unshaved scalps. Candida and Pseudomonas were the two most common organisms identified, and 28 percent of our infections involved yeast. The average time to diagnose infection was 11.5 days (excluding three patients who averaged 5 months). Thirteen of the fourteen infections were treated surgically with placement of a subgaleal irrigation/drainage system. Initial bony debridement was kept to a minimun. Based on our findings, recommendations are made to further lower infection rates, particularly, those caused by opportunistic organisms.

Two attitudinal scales measuring commitment to abstinence-oriented treatment policies and disapproval of illicit drug use were derived from a survey of 90 staff working in 10 public methadone maintenance clinics in Sydney, Australia. The two scales were shown to be valid constructs by confirmatory factor analysis and to be internally reliable and to have high test-retest reliability. The factors underlying the two scales were highly correlated (r = .77), indicating support for policies that enforce abstinence and limit the duration of maintenance is highly associated with personal disapproval of drug use. There was no significant correlation between staff's knowledge of the benefits of methadone maintenance and their support for abstinence-oriented policies.

Simultaneous recording of adult subjects sipping small amounts of fluid from a cup have been obtained by videofluoroscopy together with feeding respiratory patterns and swallow sounds from the Exeter Dysphagia Assessment Technique (EDAT). These allowed visual representations of respiration and swallow sounds to be superimposed on a videofluoroscopy recording using a split-screen technique. Sequentially numbered, 1/50 sec, half-frame photographic prints were examined and schematic drawings of the relevant radiographs were made. These were superimposed on to the actual EDAT printed chart of the same swallow event, their exact time relationship with respiration and cervical swallow sounds being preserved. The results allow events in the barium videofluoroscopy to be related to events in the feeding respiratory pattern and swallow sounds recorded by EDAT.

Background: The CryoMaze procedure is usually limited to endocardial ablation under cardio-pulmonary bypass. Epicardial ablation is considered inferior as endocardial islets of atrial tissue could theoretically remain viable, protected from cryoinjury by epicardial fat and endocardial circulating warm blood. Novel argon-powered cryoprobes with lower ablation temperatures have recently become available. It is unclear if these instruments can reliably induce transmural atrial fibrosis by epicardial cryoablation on the beating heart. Methods: Ten sheep were divided into two equal groups. CryoMaze ablations were applied using an argon-powered cryoprobe with an ablation temperature of −185°C. In the control group, standardized ablations (n = 50) were applied endocardially under cardiopulmonary bypass. In the experimental group, corresponding ablations (n = 50) were applied epicardially on the beating heart. Postoperatively the animals were monitored for 30 days. At necropsy, the lesions were explanted and analyzed histologically for evidence of transmural fibrosis. Results: Two animals in the control group and one animal in the experimental group died prematurely. Autopsy of the remaining animals showed that all lesions (n = 70) had retained their structural integrity. In the control group, histology demonstrated transmural fibrosis in 94% (28/30) of the endocardially applied lesions. In the experimental group, histology demonstrated transmural fibrosis in 95% (38/40) of the epicardially applied lesions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.96). Conclusion: Argon-powered epicardial cryoablation on the beating heart is as efficient in inducing transmural fibrosis as the traditional technique of endocardial ablation under cardio-pulmonary bypass. (J Card Surg 2011;26:240-243)

During 7057 conventional cholecystectomies (1972-1991), 16 bile duct injuries occurred, amounting to a risk of 0.22%. A total of 1022 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed without such a complication since April 1990. In a retrospective study, 64 patients (16 of our patients and 48 referrals) with an injury or stricture due to conventional cholecystectomy were investigated. In 14 of our 16 patients the injury was recognized and immediately repaired with a good long-term result of 93%, including one successful repair of a subsequent stricture. Two cases of unrecognized injury were managed by nonoperative means. The group of 48 referred patients comprised 10 early postoperative complications (21%) and 38 strictures after an "uneventful" cholecystectomy. Of the 64 total patients, 10 (16%) underwent nonoperative treatment, and 54 required surgery. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 7.4 +/- 4.9 years. Most cases (93%) were repaired by bilioenteric anastomosis (i.e., foremost hepaticojejunostomy) with an 18% restricture rate. Including second and third repairs for restricture, a total of 60 operations (14 primary and 46 secondary reconstructions) were performed without hospital mortality. A good long-term result after stricture repair was achieved in 75% of the patients, whereas 17% had a poor outcome owing to restricture or death (10% had related mortality within 10 years). The other 8% had a moderate result due to recurrent cholangitis. Thus immediate repair of a bile duct injury offers the better chance of a favorable prognosis compared to secondary stricture repair.

International audience; In this article, we establish first a geometric Paley-Wiener theorem for the Dunkl transform in the crystallographic case. Next we obtain an optimal bound for the $L^p\to L^p$ norm of Dunkl translations in dimension 1. Finally we describe more precisely the support of the distribution associated to Dunkl translations in higher dimension.

A double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial was carried out in 25 patients with post-herpetic neuralgia to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a mixture of gangliosides ('Cronassial') compared with placebo. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment with either 'Cronassial' (100 mg in 2 ml buffered solution) or placebo given by 11 subcutaneous injections over a period of 27 days, and their symptoms assessed on entry and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The four aspects of pain considered (overall pain, hyperaesthesia, stabbing pain and constant ache) all showed maintained reductions in severity with 'Cronassial' treatment, but not with placebo. In the case of hyperaesthesia, this difference between treatments was statistically significant (both during and after the course of injections), even with the relatively small number of patients in this study. Sleep patterns showed significant sustained improvements with 'Cronassial', but not with placebo treatment. Other psychological assessments (general psychological state, appetite and mood) showed little difference between 'Cronassial' and placebo treatment. Although 'Cronassial' was well tolerated systemically, 1 of the 12 patients was withdrawn because of general malaise, and 5 patients had local pain at the injection sites. Two of these 5 patients were withdrawn from the study. There were no withdrawals in the placebo group. It is suggested that further studies employing greater numbers of patients should be carried out to confirm the efficacy of gangliosides in improving symptoms of patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.

We consider the action of the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields, $\mathfrak{vect}(1)$, by the Lie derivative on the space of symbols $\mathcal{S}_\delta^n=\bigoplus_{j=0}^n \mathcal{F}_{\delta-j}$. We study deformations of this action. We exhibit explicit expressions of some 2-cocycles generating the second cohomology space $\mathrm{H}^2_{\rm diff}(\mathfrak{vect}(1),{\cal D}_{\nu,\mu})$ where ${\cal D}_{\nu,\mu}$ is the space of differential operators from $\mathcal{F}_\nu$ to $\mathcal{F}_\mu$. Necessary second-order integrability conditions of any infinitesimal deformations of $\mathcal{S}_\delta^n$ are given. We describe completely the formal deformations for some spaces $\mathcal{S}_\delta^n$ and we give concrete examples of non trivial deformations.

The electrocardiogram is often used to gauge the severity of hyperkalemia. We present a case of severe hyperkalemia associated only with pseudonormalized T waves and sinoatrial exit block.

Twenty-one years ago, Howard published a paper entitled "Forty-one Consecutive Whipple Resections Without an Operative Mortality." That paper stimulated the present analysis of the last 118 consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies (107 Whipple and 11 total resections) performed at the Surgical University Clinic Mannheim from November 1985 to the present day with no deaths. Ninety-one resections were performed for neoplasms and 27 were for complicated chronic pancreatitis. The preoperative evaluation, operative technique, and postoperative care of these cases is discussed in detail and compared to the experience of Howard. While there was general agreement on operative technique, there were differences concerning preoperative evaluation (modern imaging methods) and postoperative care (simplification). In this series 21 postoperative complications required seven relaparotomies. Long-term survival after resection for carcinoma was analyzed for 133 consecutive patients who were shown to have true ductal adenocarcinoma. In 76 patients, who had radical (R0-) resections, the actuarial 5-year-survival rate was 36%. In 44 patients, whose R0-resections for pancreatic cancer occurred more than 5 years ago, the actual survival rate was 25%.

1. Furberg CD, Adams HPJ, Applegate WB, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Hartwell T, Hunninghake DB, Lefkowitz DS, Probstfield J, Riley WA: Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation 1994;90:1679–1687 2. Hedblad B, Wikstrand J, Janzon L, Wedel H, Berglund G: Low-dose metoprolol CR/XL and fluvastatin slow progression of carotid intima-media thickness: Main results from the Beta-Blocker Cholesterol-Lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS). Circulation 2001;103:1721–1726 3. Crouse JR III, Byington RP, Bond MG, Espeland MA, Craven TE, Sprinkle JW, McGovern ME, Furberg CD: Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995;75:455–459 4. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2486–2497 5. Sacks FM, Moye LA, Davis BR, Cole TG, Rouleau JL, Nash DT, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E: Relationship between plasma LDL concentrations during treatment with pravastatin and recurrent coronary events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial. Circulation 1998;97:1446–1452 6. Markwood TT, Kent SM, Coyle LC, Flaherty PJ, O’Malley PG, Taylor AJ: Design and rationale of the ARBITER trial (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol)—a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness. Am Heart J 2001;141:342–347

Fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia is a progressive disease whose growth does not cease at puberty. It causes frontal protuberance, orbital dystopia, and proptosis. Occasionally, there is a neural entrapment. Malignant change may occur spontaneously or as a result of irradiation. Radical resection offers the greatest chance of cure and correction of the entire deformity. Five patients treated by the Toronto Craniofacial Team are reported. This team has developed techniques for one-stage removal and immediate reconstruction with rib grafts. Rigid fixation of the grafts utilizing the chain-link fence principle has proved that if bone grafts are considered as skin grafts and rapid revascularization is permitted, no resorption or loss of contour occurs.

Tissues from 22 cases of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease were studied by light and electron microscopy in conjunction with immunohistologic and cytochemical staining. The presence of lipid in the cytoplasm of lacunar cells suggested that this was responsible for the distinctive "lacunar" appearance of the cells. Marked morphologic similarities between "blast cells" resulting from mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes in vi-ro, immunoblasts seen in reactive lymphoid tissues, and mononuclear "Hodgkin's" cells in Hodgkin's disease suggested that all three cell types may result from lymphocyte transformation. It also seemed apparent that there was a developmental sequence from lymphocyte to transformed lymphocyte to the abnormal mononuclear Hodgkin's cell, with further progression, through increasing size and nuclear lobulation, to the lacunar cell or, alternatively, to the diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cell. This proposed sequence was supported by immunoperoxidase studies in which cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was demonstrated in mononuclear Hodgkin's cells, lacunar cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. The proposed relationship between these cells was also supported by the findings of both kappa and lambda chains in the same cells, a pattern not seen in reactive transformed lymphocytes.

Uptake studies of the potential endoradiotherapeutic agent, 6- 125 I-iodo-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinoI bis(diammonium phosphate) have been carried out in vitro on a wide range of normal and malignant human cells. In general, for a standardized dose of 0.1 μCi/ml, the uptake of the compound into normal cells was 0.0015–0.135 pCi/cell. Uptake into malignant cells was significantly higher than normal cells; uptakes of 0.89–11.3 pCi/cell were noted for melanoma, teratoma of testis, osteosarcoma and adenocarcinoma of colon and pancreas. Comparative uptake ratios formelanoma: Chang liver cells and testicular terastomamormal testis were 29 and 23, respectively. Larger uptake ratios are usually observed with higher doses.

Using an intramyocardial pH needle probe (21 gauge) to monitor myocardial metabolism during ischemia, we determined the effect of potassium cardioplegia at both moderate and deep hypothermia. Five groups of 5 dogs each were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and the pH probe was inserted approximately 10 mm into the left ventricular free wall. Cardiac ischemia was achieved by cross-clamping the ascending aorta at 37 degrees C (Group 1), 27 degrees C (Group 2), or 17 degrees C (Group 3). In the remaining two groups, aortic cross-clamping was followed by the infusion of 600 to 800 ml of potassium cardioplegic solution adjusted to cardiac temperatures of 27 degrees C (Group 4) or 17 degrees C (Group 5). In each group, myocardial temperature was maintained constant, electrical and mechanical activity observed, and pH recorded until a plateau was reached or for 3 hours. Our results show a progressive and significant decrease in the metabolic rate with reduction in temperature over the 37 degrees to 17 degrees C range. By abolishing contractile activity, potassium cardioplegia markedly reduces the rate of hydrogen ion accumulation at 27 degrees C, but at 17 degrees C the additive effect of cardioplegia is much less pronounced. These observations support the principle of reducing contractile activity to a minimum during elective arrest of the heart but indicate that potassium cardioplegia does little to further reduce the rate of anaerobic metabolism, as shown by the measurement of intramyocardial pH, under conditions of deep hypothermia.

The use of pectoralis major flaps for reconstruction after oral and oropharyngeal resection in a series of seventeen patients is reported. The applications and complications are described. A post-operative assessment of speech, chewing and swallowing in ten of the patients is reported. The functional aspects of such surgery are discussed.

Screening for breast cancer using the combination of physical examination of the breasts and mammography was effective in women age 50 or more in the HIP study. However, major questions remain, especially the benefit of screening women age 40-49, and the independent effect of mammography. Such questions can only be answered by large-scale randomized controlled trials, and trials to answer these questions are now underway in Canada (the NBSS) and Sweden. Only the NBSS, however, is attempting to replicate the HIP study in women age 40-49, and to evaluate the additional contribution of mammography to annual physical examination in women age 50-59. The Swedish studies are evaluating the effectiveness of mammography alone, while studies in Britain will help to evaluate breast self-examination (BSE) and biannual mammography with annual physical examination. Because much of the benefit in HIP could have derived from the physical examination, it is necessary to complete the present trials before population-based screening for breast cancer using mammography can be advocated. Trials are justifiable because the risk of mammographic screening seems likely to be negligible, and the use of the combination of annual mammography and physical examination to be cost-effective. In the meantime, there seems no immediate substitute on a population basis for efficient physical examination of the breasts by primary care physicians coupled with breast self-examination by the woman. Techniques such as ultrasound and diaphanography seem unlikely to supplant mammography in screening, and in any case, have to be evaluated in comparison with mammography.

A study of treatment practices of pediatric centers managing hereditary fructose intolerance and a review of recent literature on this subject were undertaken in an attempt to establish the degree of dietary liberalization allowable with age and the acceptability of foods containing trace amounts of fructose. The information was needed to plan optimal therapy and thus avoid the consequences of the disorder, namely intestinal dysfunction, metabolic imbalance, and hepatic and renal damage. Fifty responses to 113 letters to centers in Canada and the United States, as well as data from The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, identified only 29 affected children and provided information on their care, including food lists and literature references. Major principles of treatment were similar, but the approach to allowing and quantifying dietary fructose differed. In response to the apparent need for standardization of treatment, the authors formulated improved recommendations for the control of dietary fructose (less than 1.5 gm/day). Only a few foods of vegetable origin are allowed, including a limited selection of vegetables and cereal products from grain endosperm. Repeated dietary counseling is advocated with regard to allowed foods, sweeteners, and medications to ensure long-term dietary compliance.

The results of the treatment of 89 consecutive cases of Pott's paraplegia admitted to care in Korea are reported. Eighty-five patients were treated conservatively. Four patients underwent costo-transversectomy, three of them in the later stages of treatment without apparent benefit. All patients were followed-up for more than one year, 22 (25%) of them for five years or more. 75 patients (84%) recovered sufficiently to walk unaided. 74 patients (83%) returned to normal life and full activity. 64 of these (72%) were neurologically and functionally completely normal and, at the end of follow-up, the other ten (11%) had minimal persistent neurological signs not affecting life and activity. 54 patients (61%) spent less than six months in hospital and 56 (63%) returned to normal activity within one year of the start of treatment. There were two deaths. 41 patients (46%) deteriorated neurologically during the first two months of treatment, but 37 of these recovered completely. The place of chemotherapy as the basis of the treatment of Pott's disease is emphasised. A comparison is made with the published results of other series. The place of operative intervention is discussed and it is argued that the case for urgent early surgical intervention in the treatment of Pott's paraplegia may have been overstated.