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Abstract The presence of incompatibility alleles in primary amphidiploids constitutes a reproductive barrier in newly synthesized wheat-rye hybrids. To overcome this barrier, the genome stabilization process includes large-scale chromosome rearrangements. In incompatible crosses resulting in fertile amphidiploids, the elimination of one of the incompatible alleles Eml-A1 or Eml-R1b can occur already in the somatic tissue of the wheat × rye hybrid embryo. We observed that the interaction of incompatible loci Eml-A1 of wheat and Eml-R1b of rye after overcoming embryo lethality leads to hybrid sterility in primary triticale. During subsequent seed reproductions (R1, R2 or R3) most of the chromosomes of A, B, D and R subgenomes undergo rearrangement or eliminations to increase the fertility of the amphidiploid by natural selection. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) coverage analysis showed that improved fertility is associated with the elimination of entire and partial chromosomes carrying factors that either cause the disruption of plant development in hybrid plants or lead to the restoration of the euploid number of chromosomes (2n = 56) in the absence of one of the incompatible alleles. Highly fertile offspring obtained in compatible and incompatible crosses can be successfully adapted for the production of triticale pre-breeding stocks.

The article discusses one way to successful socialization of children with disabilities by means of a subject computer science in the classroom computer graphics.

The article highlights the features of three paradigms of education: competency-based, digital and modernization. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of factors of educational paradigms on the motivation of students to study history at a university. The empirical base of the study includes materials from an Internet survey of first- and second-year students of universities in Samara region (N=389) conducted in 2022. Depending on the attitude of students to the study of history at the university, three groups of respondents were identified: “supporters”, “moderate supporters” and “indifferent to the study of history at the university”. The grouping of students made it possible to analyze the differentiated influence of the factors of three types of educational paradigms on the motivation of students. The modernization paradigm has the greatest positive potential in shaping the motivation of students to study history. It, to a greater extent than other paradigms, takes into account the specifics of history as a humanitarian discipline. Within the framework of three paradigms, factors that have a negative impact on the motivation of students to study history are identified. Among them, insufficient development of independent work skills is of great importance. The practical significance of the study is to use the information obtained to improve the methods of teaching history at the university, as well as other social and humanitarian disciplines, taking into account the factors of student motivation.

Amiodarone is a drug used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias, which can lead to the development of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. In most cases this pathology can be treated by conservative methods; surgical treatment is resorted to in cases of thyrotoxicosis refractory to medical treatment. This case report describes surgical treatment of a patient with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, progressive heart failure, neurological pathology, bilateral pneumonia, functioning tracheostomy, systemic infectious process, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, who was treated in the intensive care unit. Due to the lack of response to therapy with antithyroid drugs (thiamazole, lithium preparations and pulse therapy with prednisolone) and a progressive deterioration of the condition in a short period of time, according to vital indicators, the patient underwent thyroidectomy. In the postoperative period, there was a decrease in the occurrence of chronic heart failure symptoms. Medical control of cardiac arrhythmias was achieved. Surgical stage proceeded without complications in the period of 30-days. The patient was discharged for outpatient rehabilitation treatment.

Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms, or Ming aralia, is a medicinal plant of the Araliaceae family, which is highly valued for its antitoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-asthmatic, adaptogenic, and other properties. The plant can be potentially used to treat diabetes and its complications, ischemic brain damage, and Parkinson’s disease. Triterpene glycosides of the oleanane type, such as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (PFS), ladyginoside A, and polysciosides A-H, are mainly responsible for biological activities of this species. In this study, cultivation of the cell suspension of P. fruticosa in 20 L bubble-type bioreactors was attempted as a sustainable method for cell biomass production of this valuable species and an alternative to overexploitation of wild plant resources. Cell suspension cultivated in bioreactors under a semi-continuous regime demonstrated satisfactory growth with a specific growth rate of 0.11 day−1, productivity of 0.32 g (L · day)−1, and an economic coefficient of 0.16 but slightly lower maximum biomass accumulation (~6.8 g L−1) compared to flask culture (~8.2 g L−1). Triterpene glycosides PFS (0.91 mg gDW−1) and ladyginoside A (0.77 mg gDW−1) were detected in bioreactor-produced cell biomass in higher concentrations compared to cells grown in flasks (0.50 and 0.22 mg gDW−1, respectively). In antibacterial tests, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cell biomass extracts against the most common pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant strain MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli varied within 250–2000 µg mL−1 which was higher compared to extracts of greenhouse plant leaves (MIC = 4000 µg mL−1). Cell biomass extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity, as confirmed by DPPH and TEAC assays. Our results suggest that bioreactor cultivation of P. fruticosa suspension cell culture may be a perspective method for the sustainable biomass production of this species.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a program for training table tennis at home during COVID19 quarantine or distance learning. METHODS: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. RESULTS: It contains 74 exercises: 23 with a ball, 23 with a racket, 28 only with a racket and/or a small plastic bottle. Every student is able to structure its own training session according to the available equipment at home and motor abilities. There are 3 main parts developing and accenting on different skills in table tennis: coordination, specific physical preparation and racket-ball coordination. CONCLUSION: The program is in accordance with the table tennis curriculum in Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. It is aimed to all students participating in table tennis classes as well as everybody who wants new knowledge and skills for the table tennis, or improving the existing skills. But it can also be used by university lecturers, sports club coaches, Physical education teachers, etc.

Introduction. The formation of social competences of schoolchildren is an important area of modern science and pedagogical practice. Despite the large number of publications on this issue, there is virtually no research on the analysis of social context, which largely determines the practical implementation of social competences. The aim of this article is to analyse the high schoolʼs activities on social competence development using a contextual approach. The novelty of the approach lies in the identification of social competencies that characterize the effectiveness of the educational impact of the high school, taking into account the subjective context. Materials and Methods. The empirical base of the study includes data collected from sociological surveys conducted in Togliatti schools in 2010, 2014 and 2019 in the monitoring mode (in 2010, n = 1 183, in 2014, n = 945, in 2016, n = 1 745; in 2019, n = 976). The collection of data in the monitoring mode made it possible to identify the dynamics of results over a ten-year period and to determine how well the high school is doing in terms of developing social competences. Results. Among the social competencies that the high school forms, high school students note the ability to work with information, understand people, determine the propensity for science, independence, as well as a tolerant attitude to representatives of other cultures. There are contradictions in the formation of social competencies, and this is especially evident in the assessment of civic qualities. Over the past decade, the number of students who believe that school has prepared them for life has significantly decreased. Discussion and Conclusion. The results contribute to the development of scientific concepts of social competences. The materials of the article will be useful for the study of problems and contradictions of value self-determination of the younger generation. The practical significance of applying the proposed contextual approach is to increase the effectiveness of the school in the formation of studentsʼ social qualities necessary for life in modern society.

Introduction. Influenza is a socially significant infection that causes profound damage to populational health and national economy annually. Preventive vaccination is the most effective means to manage influenza and its complications. Diverse influenza vaccines exist, but their common drawback is the narrow specificity, the need for annual renewal of the strain composition, not always satisfactory immunogenicity and effectiveness. In this regard, close attention is paid to developing universal influenza vaccines aimed to induce cross-reactive immune-related cues against most conserved parts of viral proteins. Antibodies against neuraminidase (NA) are able to provide heterosubtypic protection, which is important due to potential threat posed by influenza viruses differed in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequence in comparison to currently circulating viruses. The present study is aimed to search for new and analysis of earlier predicted NA linear B-cell epitopes conserved among all influenza A virus subtypes. Results. Eight conserved linear B-cell epitopes were identified around the active site of neuraminidase, three of which (MNPNQKIITIGS, ILRTQESEC, and DNWKGSNRP) were synthesized de novo, conjugated with bovine serum albumin to be next used for mouse immunization. IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA in the sera of immunized mice. Antibodies were found to specifically bind to various influenza A viruses containing NA subtypes N1, N2, N3, and N9. Immunization with NA peptides did not protect mice from substantial body weight loss after infection with lethal H1N1 influenza virus. However, all immunized mice survived during the observation period, whereas in the control group the survival rate was as low as 28.6%. Analyzing lung viral load in the mice infected with the H1N1 virus revealed no differences in virus titers on either day 4 or 8 post-infection. Nevertheless, the protective effect lacked after the mice were challenged with lethal H7N9 influenza virus: Mortality rate, body weight loss, and lung virus titers were comparable in immunized and control mice. Conclusions. The data obtained evidenced about serum cross-reactive anti-NA antibodies induced by immunization with NA peptides, as well as protective efficacy against infection caused by H1N1 virus, but not H7N9 virus. Such results hold promise and indicate that NA linear B-cell epitopes can be used for designing epitope-directed influenza vaccines, but a deeper and more comprehensive study on the specificity of conserved NA epitopes, as well as optimization of immunization schemes for achieving higher protective efficacy are required.

Pode ser observado um forte interesse pela história e cultura russas na obra poética de Durcan. O fascínio do poeta pela Rússia se manifesta predominantemente em sua coletânea de poesia Going Home to Russia, publicada em 1987. Os poemas apresentados no livro cobrem geograficamente toda a União Soviética, do Báltico ao Pacífico e do Mar Branco ao Mar Negro, ao mesmo tempo, indo e voltando entre a Irlanda e a Rússia. Uma das características mais marcantes do volume de Durcan é sua franqueza, “um tapa na cara do gosto do público”, como no título do manifesto dos cubofuturistas russos publicado no início do século XX. A abordagem satírica de Durcan à sociedade irlandesa contemporânea pode ser vista como de natureza pós-moderna, à medida que os valores sociais estabelecidos são minados por zombaria e sarcasmo.

Demographic trends in the EU-27 show a gradual increase of the 55-64 age group (26% of the workforce). Natural aging is accompanied by complex age-related changes that lead to a progressive decrease in the body's adaptive capacity. The Work Ability Index (WAI) is a self-assessment tool for the physical and mental resources needed to perform various work activities. PURPOSE of this study was to determine WAI, musculoskeletal disorders and workplace risk factors for the employees of Trakia University, Stara Zagora. METHODS: A survey was performed using the WAI Questionnaire, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and a questionnaire on risk factors in the work environment. RESULTS: The total number of valid surveys was 513 (56.5% of all employees). Workers aged 55-64 had the highest share - 36.6%, followed by those aged 45-54 years (24.9%). The mean WAI score for all employees was good - 41.5. Clinical teaching staff had the highest mean WAI score (43.7), while preclinical tutors (40.9) and medical professionals (40.6) had the lowest. A significant negative correlation was found between WAI and age (r = -0.15; p

Nowadays, Meibomian gland dysfunction is considered as the leading cause of dry eye syndrome. Standard methods of the treatment rather often give us only shirt term remission, that’s why so actually to find new alternative treatment options with increasing of patients’ life quality and possibility for long-time remission. This study was directed to evaluate the effectiveness of complex dry eye treatment, included transdermal Intensive Pulse Light method, combined with preservative-free forms of eyelid hygiene and artificial tears eye drops. The study involved 30 patients (60 eyes) with dry eye syndrome and meibomian gland dysfunction. There were included patients with severe conjunctival hyperemia, follicular reaction, meibomeitis with changed, heavy Meibomian glands secret, rough eyelid margin, telangiectasias, tear break-up time (Norn test) not more than 5 seconds, necessity of very frequent instillations of artificial tear eye drops. All patients in anamnesis had already received courses of antiinflammation, artificial tears therapy and had courses of eyelid hygiene (eyelid margin massage with glass stick) with short-term positive dynamic and returning of symptoms during one month. As a result of studied algorithm, with a help of Intensive Pulse Light it was possible to decrease the period of positive dynamic receiving. From the other side, preservative-free forms of artificial tears eye drops (Hylaback) and eyelid hygiene (Blephaclean TheaGel Steri-Free) gave the prolongation of positive effect.

The possibility of obtaining cyclopentanone by pyrolysis of calcium adipate at different temperatures was considered. The pyrolysis proceeded with the formation of cyclopentanone and cyclopentene. The use of metal salts and metal oxide catalysts for the dehydrogenation of lower alkanes makes it possible to increase the yields of the target products. The best results were achieved in the presence of a «K-16u» catalyst.

It has been shown that adipic acid released from the by-products of caprolactam production is a promising raw material for the production of cyclopentanone. The thermal stability of calcium adipate was investigated by the derivatographic method and the conditions were selected that ensure the yield of at least 50% of the target cyclopentanone with a purity of at least 99%.

An active discussion of TI-RADS modifications (Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Diagnostic System) classification continues in the world professional medical community. This system of thyroid nodules stratification on the malignancy signs is intended primarily to select thyroid nodules for a fine needle aspiration biopsy. The classification should be uniform for all medical institutions of our country, easy to use and understandable by various medical specialists. This article presents a modification of TI-RADS prepared for discussion in the professional communities of Russia. Some major ultrasound features of malignancy (with specificity 95%) and additional or minor features (with specificity 90%) of thyroid nodules are pointed out to emphasise the need of fine needle biopsy. After comparison of diagnostic parameters of proposed TI-RADS and European TIRADS (EU-TIRADS), both systems showed comparable specificity of 93%, while sensitivity of proposed TI-RADS was slightly higher than for EU-TIRADS, with 94.2% and 91.0%, respectively. This discrepancy may be related to minor features of malignancy which were taken into consideration.

Background. In modern science, the concept of regional identity of the population is used to study the value system that characterizes the attitude of residents to the territory of residence. The value attitude to the region serves as the basis for building a typology of residents. Analysis of regional identity structures is of interest for social Sciences and management practices. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the article is the publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of regional identity typology. The empirical base includes the results of a Q-method study conducted among residents of the Samara region. This method made it possible to study the attitude of the population to various aspects of life on the territory of the Samara region. Results. The analysis of the research results made it possible to build a typology of the regional identity of the population. It includes four groups that characterize high, medium, below-average, and low levels of regional identity. These groups are allocated depending on the respondents’ agreement with the judgments about the socio-economic development of the region, the improvement of the territory, the level and quality of life of the population. Agreeing with the opinions allows you to identify the interest of respondents in discussing both positive and problematic aspects of the region. Disagreement with judgments indicates that the achievements and problems of the region do not have a value value for the survey participants. This indicates a low level of regional identity. Conclusions. The analysis of the typology shows that significant criteria for regional identity are: respondents’ interest in getting information about the life of the region, participation in city events, and pride in the achievements of their fellow countrymen. An important indicator of regional identity is the judgment that the region has good conditions for the development of national cultures. These characteristics allow us to consider the values that determine the high and medium levels of regional identity as open systems. They characterize the relationship with other types of identity: civil, ethnic, local.

The article discovers the «Russian idea» in late Shevyrev’s works, whose key concept is «Ultimately Human». This concept explains the Russian Literature and the Russian character in A. Pushkin. The conclusions made on the analysis of different scientific papers, lectures on the Russian literature, the monograph «The History of Russian Literature», etc. claim Shevyrev to be a direct predecessor of Dostoevsky in the «Writer’s Diary» and the «Speech on Pushkin» of the latter.

Orthopedic dental treatment can be accompanied by pain of different nature, violation of sensitivity and appearance of various paresthesia (burning, itching, tingling, numbness, etc.). Dentures are an irritant for tissues of the oral cavity, namely, its excessive pressure in certain areas of the prosthetic bed. It is well known that a large number of patients using removable dentures can not get used to them because of pain. The goal of our research is to improve the method of preventing pain syndrome with the use of removable dentures, whereby by making changes to the special preparation for prosthetics and the means of preventing inflammatory conditions, conditions are created to prevent the pain syndrome and increase the sensitivity threshold of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic field. According to the results of the study, it was found that the use of auricular microhole therapy, carried out by cycles of 7 days, with an interval of 5 days, leads to a decrease in pain sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the alveolar processes and palate to the norm parameters, which in turn significantly reduces and facilitates the period of adaptation to complete removable prostheses.

Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to conventional antibiotics is growing rapidly in recent years, accompanying with an increase of mortality caused by hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, a search for novel drugs to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria is one of the priorities in biomedicine. Natural compounds which are contained in host defense effector cells of humans and animals, may serve as prototypes for developing principally new antibiotics. Such compounds include antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity, in particular, a group of proline-rich peptides. The aim of this work was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of proline-rich peptides, belonging to bactenecins family, against several clinical isolates of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The bactenecins under examination (ChBac3.4, ChBac5, mini-ChBac7.5Nα, miniChBac7.5Nβ) have been previously found in leukocytes of a domestic goat Capra hircus. We have shown that chemically synthesized analogs of these peptides exhibited a pronounced in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as estimated by a broth microdilution assay varied between 1 to 4 µM) and, to a lesser degree, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 2-16 µM). It was revealed that antibacterial activity of these peptides may be increased if applied in combination with some conventional, antibiotics. E.g., synergistic antimicrobial effects against E. coli have been shown for mini-ChBac7.5Nα bactenecin combined with amikacin (minimal fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), 0.375), A. baumannii (FICI, 0.5), and K. pneumoniae (FICI, 0.325), and, using ofloxacin, towards K. pneumoniae (FICI 0.5). Lack of hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells is an important benefit of the studied peptides when used at concentrations several times higher than those showing antimicrobial effects. The data obtained presume certain prospects for further investigations of proline-rich peptides, as well as their structural modifications, for the development of new combined drugs based on these compounds, in order to combat antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, e.g., medications for local applications, various components of medical devices, in particular, venous catheters, stents and wound dressings.

Sprouting angiogenesis is the common response of live tissues to physiological and pathological angiogenic stimuli. Its accurate evaluation is of utmost importance for basic research and practical medicine and pharmacology and requires adequate experimental models. A variety of assays for angiogenesis were developed, none of them perfect. In vitro approaches are generally less physiologically relevant due to the omission of essential components regulating the process. However, only in vitro models can be entirely non-xenogeneic. The limitations of the in vitro angiogenesis assays can be partially overcome using 3D models mimicking tissue O2 and nutrient gradients, the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enabling cell-cell interactions. Here we present a review of the existing models of sprouting angiogenesis that are based on the use of endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with perivascular or other stromal cells. This approach provides an excellent in vitro platform for further decoding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis under conditions close to the in vivo conditions, as well as for preclinical drug testing and preclinical research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Introduction: the article deals with the process of nurturing environmental responsibility among young people. The challenge of environmental responsibility is correlated with ensuring national environmental security and implementing methods of sustainable development of society. The timeliness of the research lies in defining a system of criteria for the environmental responsibility among young people. These methods contribute to the formation of an integrated approach to the organisation of environmental education and upbringing. The purpose of this article is to test hypotheses about the differences of structure and levels of environmental responsibility of students, depending on speciali zation training. Materials and Methods: empirical basis of research was based on the survey of students at higher education institutions of Togliatti. Questionnaire method gives an opportunity to reveal the opinions of students of various specialisations of environmental responsibility and to establish differences between groups of respondents. Results: students of different specialisations have different levels of axiological, cognitive and activity components in the structure of environmental responsibility: the value aspect prevails over cognitive and activity aspects. The authors found significant differences in the cognitive component of environmental responsibility in environmental students compared to students of other specialisations. The activity component in two groups is hardly developed. It testifies to the lack of an integrated approach to environmental education and upbringing in universities. Discussion and Conclusions: environmental responsibility in the minds of modern young people is usually associated with common worldview categories than with practical actions. This is typical view for all students, regardless of the specialisation. The results of the study can be applied to the criteria of environmental responsibility to improve the effectiveness of environmental education.

Найбільші зміни та негативний вплив при протезуванні незнімними протезами виявляються під час препарування зубів [1, 2]. Ця маніпуляція супроводжується неприємними емоціями та відчуттями болю, спричиненими підвищенням температури і вібрацією, що є небажаним для зуба, пародонта і для організму в цілому [6, 7]. Негативні емоції та біль є факторами стресу, що негативно впливають на функціональний стан серцевосудинної системи здорових людей і особливо у хворих із патологією органів кровообігу. За даними низки авторів, у процесі препарування у хворих виявлено зміни серцевого ритму [7]. При дослідженні хворих віком від 50 до 80 років [10] спостерігаються стійкі зміни систолічного та діастолічного артеріального кров’яного тиску, збільшення частоти пульсу у більшості хворих, причому в окремих випадках артеріальний тиск підвищувався на 30 мм рт. ст. Такі зміни властиві як для пацієнтів із захворюваннями серцево-судинної системи, так і для практично здорових людей. Це підтверджує роль емоційних факторів разом із подразненням рецепторів присінка та порожнини рота – рефлексогенної зони, багатої температурними, тактильними, хемо-, баро-, пропріорецепторами. Значні зміни зафіксовані на електрокардіограмах навіть через годину після закінчення препарування. Не менш серйозні зміни може спричинити місцева дія ріжучого інструмента на тверді тканини зуба. Основні їх ознаки – підвищення температури зуба і вібрація [2, 3, 7]. До факторів, що впливають на виникнення і дію тепла на тканини зуба в період препарування, належать: кількість обертів інструмента за хвилину; форма, розміри та матеріал, із якого він виготовлений; сила тиску і його спрямованість на ріжучий інструмент; час контакту інструмента з тканинами зуба [1]. Аналіз даних літератури дозволяє розподілити дослідження в цьому напрямку на два основні види. Одна частина авторів свої зусилля спрямовує на боротьбу з больовою реакцією при препаруванні, розробляючи та удосконалюючи методики знеболення. Друга частина вважає, що знеболення знижує емоційні фактори, не попереджає, а, навпаки, збільшує можливість ускладнень, здійснює пошуки способів зниження температури та вібрації, які мають місце при препаруванні. І в першому, і в другому напрямку досліджень залишається ще багато задач, вирішення яких дозволить знизити негативну дію маніпуляції препарування на тканини зуба і організм.

Search for new compounds providing delivery of drugs into infected or neoplastic cells, is an important direction of biomedical research. Cell-penetrating peptides are among those compounds, due to their ability to translocate through membranes of eukaryotic cells, serving as potential carriers of various therapeutic agents to the target cells. The aim of present work was to investigate the ability of acipensin 1, an antimicrobial peptide of innate immune system, for in vitro penetration into human tumor cells. Acipensin 1 is a cationic peptide that we have previously isolated from leukocytes of the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. Capability of acipensin 1 to enter the human erytroleukemia K-562 cells has been investigated for the first time. A biotechnological procedure for producing a recombinant acipensin 1 peptide has been developed. The obtained peptide was conjugated with a fluorescent probe BODIPY FL. By means of confocal microscopy, we have shown that the tagged acipensin 1 rapidly enters into K-562 cells and can be detected in the intracellular space within 5 min after its addition to the cell culture. Using flow cytometry technique, penetration kinetics of the labeled peptide into K-562 cells (at nontoxic micromolar concentrations) has been studied. We have observed a rapid internalization of the peptide to the target cells, thus confirming the results of microscopic analysis, i.e, the labeled acipensin was detectable in K-562 cells as soon as wihin 2-3 seconds after its addition to the incubation medium. The maximum of fluorescence was reached within a period of approx. 45 seconds, with further “plateau” at the terms of >100 seconds following cell stimulation with the test compound. These data support the concept, that the antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity system possess the features of cell-penetrating peptides, and allow us to consider the studied sturgeon peptide a promising template for development of new drugs with increased ability to enter the cells implicated into pathological processes, and, therefore, higher therapeutic efficiency.

The article provides a comparative analysis of creative work of two Russian poets – Marina Tsvetaeva and Karolina Pavlova, with a special emphasis on the affinity between their conceptions of a poet’s destiny and creativity, characterizing their poetry. The analysis reveals numerous explicit and implicit echoes of Pavlova’s writings in Tsvetaeva’s poems and essays: treatment of poetry as a serious “masculine” business, craft; representation of a poet as the chosen one, as a creature who does not belong to “this world”; view of the earthly world as vulgar and banal, as a prison for a poetic soul. Both poets see poetic gift as a special kind of sensitivity, ability to hear voices, to divine, and consequently, as a tribulation – since it makes a poet an outcast. Both Tsvetaeva and Pavlova use motifs of dream as a special creative state; night as a special time for creativity; flight and having wings as a special characteristic of a poet’s soul.

The examination of residents of St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk revealed a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency and according to the criteria of the International Society of Endocrinology (ENDO, 2011), normal levels of vitamin D sufficiency had only 16.8% of residents of the north-western region of the Russian Federation, while vitamin D insufficiency was seen in 37.5%, and deficit — in 45.7% of patients. When reviewing the results using the criteria proposed by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2011), normal values of 25(OH)D in serum were detected in 49.6% insufficient levels — in 40.0% and deficit — in 10.4%. The decrease ofvitamin D levels was independent of age, but more frequent in women and people who are overweight. Given the lack of national standards for assessing the sufficiency ofvitamin D, as well as the average level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum in the study population, to assess vitamin D status in the northwestern region of Russia is preferable to use the criteria proposed by the U.S. Institute of Medicine in 2011.