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The number of refugees globally grew to 35.3 million in 2022, and many refugees are exposed to various health risks along their migration journey. As a result, they may arrive in host communities with numerous health issues, including communicable diseases and chronic and mental health conditions. Navigating the healthcare system in a host country proves to be a significant challenge for them, leading to delayed care. This qualitative study explored the convolute healthcare needs of refugees in the United States by soliciting insights from stakeholders involved in refugee resettlement and healthcare. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen stakeholders who work closely with refugees, including healthcare providers, cultural/clinical health navigators supporting refugees, staff from refugee resettlement agencies and governmental entities, and researchers studying refugee health. Following informed consent, interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and imported into MAXQDA 2022 (VERBI Software) for thematic analysis. The results revealed key themes, including the heterogeneity of refugee populations, limited awareness of preventive healthcare, high prevalence and suboptimal management of chronic conditions, complexity of the healthcare system, lack of follow-up, and language barriers. Further research is warranted concerning the long-term health of refugee populations in the United States. Additionally, more tailored programs involving peer educators are recommended to support refugee communities in navigating the complex healthcare system in the host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosecutors are entrusted with the essential task of prosecuting criminal cases against alleged lawbreakers, but for the most part they are able to commit misconduct without consequence. The Author's initial proposal in a previous article was to hold prosecutors accountable via an administrative agency. Due to concerns about the fiscal and political viability of this proposal, this Article utilizes findings from a twenty-five year-survey of prosecutorial misconduct to craft a Prosecutorial Review Panel, which would identify the proper discipline and administer it based on findings of misconduct by appellate courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2008 Recession was the largest financial downturn in the United States since the Great Depression. In its wake, Congress has passed new regulations, the Securities and Exchange Commission has entered into large consent judgments with allegedly responsible parties, and the Department of Justice has exacted record settlements from these companies and directors who allegedly played a role in causing this financial calamity. However, there has been a shocking absence of any criminal prosecutions. As this Note goes to publication, only one Wall Street executive, Kareem Serageldin, has been sentenced to prison for his part in the Recession. The argument from some is that prosecuting these companies and their management is not economically justified. The public interest, it is argued, is best advanced by keeping prosecution costs low and damage awards high. The benefits of incarcerating corporate management and directors are far exceeded by the social costs and fear that criminal prosecution of large financial firms could further imperil the economy. An economic analysis of criminal law presents a challenge to this reasoning. This economic analysis shows that criminal law operates by visiting upon the offender an equal or greater disutility than that which was visited upon the victim, which ineludes society. Incarceration and other non-pecuniary methods of punishment are reserved for situations where the offender cannot monetarily make the victims whole. Even under the most conservative appraisals of the scope of the Recession, the magnitude of damage caused and the inability of the alleged offenders to make the victims whole suggests that prosecution and incarceration of responsible parties is economically justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural women within the southern United States face complex challenges when attempting to access reproductive health care. A reproductive justice framework provides an intersectional approach to understanding the experiences of women from varying backgrounds. Researchers conducted 52 in‐depth interviews with women aged 18–44 years in rural South Carolina to understand perceived reproductive health care barriers through a reproductive justice framework. Interviews were analyzed using a constant‐comparative method with qualitative data analysis software HyperRESEARCH 3.7.2. Reproductive justice served as the conceptual lens. Participants noted barriers to reproductive health care including cost, poor quality of care, and long wait times. Participants described confidentiality concerns and lack of facilities. Insufficient access to health care for women in conjunction with racial and cultural norms revealed intersectionality between gender and race. Participants reported limited autonomy over health decisions due to generational habits of not seeking care and predetermined attitudes toward health, influencing social capital and access to care. Findings suggest the need for grassroots organizing to shift the focus from reproductive rights to reproductive justice, facilitating autonomous health decisions and supportive environments to exercise decision making. Robust understandings of women's lived experiences offer insights to addressing health barriers in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which discusses the partnership of a university with a public elementary school of boys in the U.S. to analyze socially literacy practices of students in a curriculum driven by high-stakes testing. It examines the ways in which students critiqued common ideologies that devalued them, their surroundings and enacted more humanizing visions by citing examples of interactions of third- and fourth-grade African American boys with fiction and non-fiction texts.

The H-2B guestworker program enables U.S. employers to recruit and employ foreign workers on a temporary basis when domestic workers are unavailable. The program provides much needed assistance to small and seasonal businesses that are unable to recruit sufficient workers to meet their employment needs, while offering protections to domestic workers who have declined those employment opportunities. Though the benefits that the program provides to employers are obvious, the program also confers substantial advantages on the foreign workers who choose to participate. H-2B employees typically come from impoverished countries with limited access to economic opportunity, and the H-2B program is often the only avenue these workers have to achieve gainful employment. Nevertheless, the Department of Labor (DOL) has concluded that these workers' pre-employment expenses--those which enable them to access the U.S. labor market, such as visa application fees and transportation costs--are primarily for the benefit of their U.S. employers and therefore must be reimbursed to meet the minimum wage under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Though a number of district courts have agreed with the DOL's interpretation, the Fifth Circuit and at least one district court have concluded that H-2B employees' pre-employment expenses are not primarily for the benefit of their employer and thus need not be reimbursed. The DOL responded to these decisions in 2012 by instituting a number of rule changes to the H-2B program designed to better protect H-2B workers. One such change requires H-2B employers to provide, pay for, or reimburse their employees' pre-employment costs. This Note argues that the DOL incorrectly interprets the FLSA as requiring reimbursement of these expenses. It contends that visa portability, not government-mandated benefits, is a more efficient approach to protecting H-2B employees. This Note ultimately concludes that both H-2B participants and U.S. workers would be better off if payment of these expenses was left to market forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the implications of the actions by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against Sears Holdings Management Corp. for allegedly violating Section 5 of the FTC Act related to a software application. The online behavior of consumers is monitored through the Tracking Application. Digital contracting is one of the issues raised by the Privacy Statement and User License Agreement (PSULA) in the software. The role of the FTC under the Act is cited. The FTC is advised to clarify its rules on how firms should communicate with consumers.

This article assesses the work of best-selling French historian Ivan Jablonka by setting his work in the context of biographies of ordinary people and by evaluating the success of his stated goal of reconciling lifewriting with social sciences. The article attempts to explicate his methodology of "searching for what is already found," and considers the relevance of the critique of historicism in general articulated by some branches of the social sciences. It concludes that there is more to restorative biography than merely an explanation of causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the power of representation within the context of undocumented immigrants* uncertain future in the United States. Guided by forty oral history interviews with undocumented immigrant narrators conducted in New York City, I trace the origins and evolution of reclaimant narratives, that is, the experiential, partial, public, oppositional, and incondensable stories that the narrators use to assert their right to speak and to reframe audience understanding. This project elucidates how the narrators interpret and respond to the thematic commonalities in mainstream portrayals of undocumented immigrants in United States discourse, and how, given the power of representation, these portrayals come to have an outsized effect on the national conversation about immigration. I synthesize existing scholarly analyses of mediated portrayals of immigrants, and put the interviewees into conversation with foundational scholars of media's persuasive potential and limitations. The narrators testify to how their encounters with secondhand mediated portrayals of immigrants influence their decisions about whether to cultivate a public voice and participate in firsthand narrative immigrant activism. Ultimately, this work offers a critical exploration of the ways undocumented immigrants harness the power of storytelling as a means of self-actualization to mitigate the fear and uncertainty of life without legal status and to advocate for immigration reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of #BlackLivesMatter, anti-Black state violence is a primary focus. From police brutality to the Flint Water Crisis, organizers within the Movement for Black Lives draw important connections between various sites of racial injustice as experienced by people of African descent in the United States. One of the many sites where anti-Black violence and victimization occurs is in our classrooms. This article explores the classroom as a site of racial–gender terror for Black girls. The classroom is far too often an anti-Black girl space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychology and social conditions of young teenage women in criminal justice system for juvenile delinquents in Valley County, U.S., including their attitudes, hopes and expectations on their entry into society. An overview of female juvenile delinquents' experiences in detention homes' drug abuse treatment services, is provided.

Focuses on the efforts of teachers to reach out to parents to be involved in their children's education in the U.S. Effect of parental involvement on student performance; Reasons for parent's lack of involvement in schools; Factors that inhibit connections between parents and schools; Disagreement over the roles of parents in schools; Reason for reaching out to the creative side of parents.

The essay considers the post-World War II Jewish-American literature of Saul Bellow and Isaac Bashevis Singer, taking into consideration how their works were read and understood by their audiences. It considers works including Bellows books "Humboldt's Gift" and "Herzog" as well as Singer's short stories "Gimpel the Fool," and "Alone." An October 21, 1976 fan letter written by Sister Liam O'Sullivan to Bellow is discussed.

The author talks about the controversy on prescription drug prices in the U.S. He cites the high level of Medicare spending on the acid reflux drug Nexium from AstraZeneca. He explains the strategy implemented by AstraZeneca to significantly profit from Nexium. He says many public health experts believe that the federal government should start increasing scrutiny of newly developed drugs.

The article presents commentary on reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggest that the immune response to primary infection may have insufficient duration and/or breadth, at least in some individuals. Topics include reports raise concern about the long-term effectiveness of SARSCoV-2 vaccines; and leveraging the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Infectious Disease Society of America's provider based surveillance system.

Introduction: Good preconception and interconception health are fundamental to optimizing women's health and reducing risk factors for adverse maternal–infant outcomes. Although rural women in the United States tend to experience health disparities, no published qualitative studies have focused on their preconception/interconception health. The purpose of this study was to determine what rural, Midwestern women perceive to be their most pressing health needs and effective ways to provide outreach and education regarding preconception/interconception health and care. Methods: Non-pregnant, reproductive-age women in Hardin County, Ohio, regardless of parity, were recruited through convenience sampling. Semi-structured interviews with four domains (beliefs and behaviors; perceived needs; knowledge and information sources; barriers to care) were conducted in May–June 2021 until saturation was reached. Qualitative methods were used to analyze data and determine themes. Binomial tests were used to compare selected demographic characteristics of participants to the county's reproductive-age residential female population. Results: Nineteen women aged 20–44 years were individually interviewed. Comparing race/ethnicity, education, and insurance status, participants appeared to be representative of the county population. Four themes were identified: (1) needs regarding healthcare and other resources; (2) lack of preconception/interconception care and perceived unimportance due to intergenerational knowledge transfer and paucity of healthcare providers; (3) difference in understanding of the term "women's health" and low health literacy; and (4) suggested interventions including education and outreach. Conclusion: Interviews with rural Midwestern women revealed needs regarding preconception/interconception health and care and potential ways to raise awareness. These findings can inform strategies to improve rural women's health and birth outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the proverb “nobody loves a fat man” to examine the interplay between representations of masculinity, physique, and “appetite” in American culture during the first half of the twentieth century, with special attention to depictions of fat characters in Hollywood thrillers designated as “film noir.” By emphasizing how fluidly the concept of “appetite” facilitated connections between the sexual and the culinary, it argues that fat criminals in film noir embody long-standing yet contradictory ideas about manhood, consumption, and desire. To support this claim, the article (1) explicates film noir as a site for examining the instability of masculinity; (2) probes the historical background to perceptions of fat males as weak, impulsive, and perverse; (3) examines representations of fat criminals in select films noirs; and (4) reveals cinematic instances where the virtues of male domesticity smoothed out the perceived incongruence between manhood and fatness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Context: The academic success and failure of low-income youth, and Black and Latina/o youth in particular, has received significant attention in the educational literature, particularly in relation to school dropout. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated that student-teacher relationships, committed teachers, and notions of caring are critical to the success of Latina/o youth. However, high-poverty urban schools are graduating fewer than half of their students, in comparison with about 70% at the national level. There remains a scant body of research, policy, and conceptual frameworks to help address the crisis, popularly deemed the "dropout crisis, "particularly among Latinas/os, the youngest, fastest growing, and lowest educated group in the United States. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: In what ways can and should researchers, practitioners, and policy makers recognize the existence of Latina/o youth? The purpose of the article, contextualized in the theoretical and empirical literature, is to problematize the concept of recognition, particularly for Latina/o youth, and introduce a conceptual framework to understand, examine, and help rectify the crisis facing this population. Research Design: In this conceptual paper, I argue that key stakeholders must recognize the existence of the Latina/o youth by acknowledging their human existence through legitimizing the unequal conditions and struggles they face in school. Educators much engage youth in curricular and pedagogical experiences that seek to raise students' consciousness through critical thinking and dialogue. This article is focused on the human and interpersonal actions and processes that are necessary to facilitate agency and change among students. Theoretical origins informing recognition are discussed, followed by a contextualized analysis of recognition within the present-day conditions of U.S. schools, particularly for Latina/o youth. I then propose five pedagogies of recognition: relational recognition, curricular recognition, pedagogical recognition, contextualizing recognition, and transformative recognition. Each form of recognition is situated in the relevant literature. Conclusions/Recommendations: This article argues that the proposed pedagogies of recognition need to be enacted to foster the intellectual, academic, and political development of youth, particularly Latina/o youth. Recognition can help educators and scholars understand how the social, political, and economic conditions impact Latina/o youth and helps educators reframe the conceptual bases of their work by challenging them to interrogate the (in)effectiveness of institutional and classroom-level practices. The ultimate goal is to help educators and researchers reconstruct and redefine the purpose of education for Latina/o youth in U.S. schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the promise of ‘change’ in President Barack Obama's early dealings with the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the policy that has since emanated from the White House was in fact commensurate with those of preceding administrations. Rather than heralding a new direction for American engagement with the conflict, the Obama Administration had displayed more patterns of continuity than change in its dealings with both parties. Specifically, by continuing to act as “Israel's attorney” during negotiations, the Obama team had in effect negated the president's early pledges to act as an honest broker in the conflict. In assessing the (in)effectiveness of the Administration's management of the Israeli–Palestinian issue, it seems that on-going mediation efforts to revive the moribund peace process have exhausted their potential. Arbitration may be explored as a more effective method to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian territorial dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents literary criticism of the book "Dessa Rose" by Shirley Anne Williams. Particular focus is given to the book's treatment of the Mammy stereotype of U.S. black women. According to the author, neo-slave narratives such as Williams' provide a counter-narrative to the 19th-century white ideologies of black womanhood that supported the institution of slavery. Details on historical accounts of slavery by Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are also presented.

There is a contradiction in U.S. law concerning conscientious objection. The Nuremburg Tribunal was premised on the concept that an individual must refuse to commit war crimes in a particular war. High-ranking German and Japanese personnel who were found to have violated this mandate were executed. The Nuremburg concept has been incorporated in the United States Army's manual. Yet, the law of conscientious objection still requires a member of the military to object to service in all wars, that is, to be a pacifist, in order to qualify for conscientious objection. This must be changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New York City sets itself apart from many locations in the USA due to its citizens' unparalleled diversity. The degree to which schools either build upon or suppress the backgrounds of their linguistically and culturally diverse students is dependent on the degree to which they can provide an education that is both bilingual and multicultural. This qualitative study considers the challenges to teaching bilingually and multiculturally for Chinese, Haitian Creole, Russian, and Spanish bilingual teachers in New York City. The study considers the challenges specific to each ethnolinguistic group, which are based in their cultural ideologies, transnational histories, immigration experiences, and views of US schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steamboat accidents in the United States illustrate a multi-decade situation where a new technology caused tragic accidents that continuously claimed lives. Congressional debates on the topic from the era of steamboats are surprisingly similar to those surrounding nanotechnology today. Examining the success of historical measures adopted by Congress, the author suggests a burden-shifting strict-liability law for consumer nanotechnology products, and requiring manufacturers to conduct research on the safety of engineered nanoparticles used in consumer products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a profile of the political activism and journalism of the woman newspaper editor Clarina Irene Howard Nichols during the 1840s and 1850s in Kansas Territory. Details are given highlighting her efforts to advocate for both women's rights and abolitionism within her editorial discourse. Biographical information is offered regarding Nichol's life before and during her residency in Kansas. The editor's pseudonym and constructed persona Deborah Van Winkle is described, overviewing the primary issues and rhetorical strategies addressed in her writings. Comments are also provided exploring the extent of Nichols' influence on the political scene of her day.

The article presents an examination into the historiography and public memory of Mark Clark and Fred Hampton, members of the Black Panther Party who were killed during a police raid on December 4, 1969. Details are given reviewing the events of the incident, pointing to allegations of excessive police brutality and charges of murder. Further discussion is given reviewing the press and scholarly coverage of the events following the shooting. Questions are raised asking why the events are not more prominent within the narratives of the history of the U.S. Civil Rights movement.

The purpose of this study was to explore communication about menstruation among low-income African American women and the impact of this communication on their understanding of and attitudes toward the menstrual events that will occur throughout their lives. This is of particular importance since minority women disproportionately face greater menstrual problems than those experienced by majority women in the United States. A grounded theory design was used for this study. Seventeen African American women from a public housing project were interviewed. The core theme that emerged from the qualitative data was the avoidance or negative discussion of menstrual events throughout the women's lives. The women had few sources of and very limited menstrual learning from school, their mothers, and other women. This led to confusion and inaccurate beliefs about and negative attitudes toward menstruation, menopause, and menstrual-related health conditions. While these women desired to have better communication, their history of avoidance of and negative discussions surrounding menstruation will likely continue to make it difficult for them to have positive and informative discussions with others in the future unless some type of educational intervention occurs. doi:10.1300/J013v46n01_05 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses on the disruption of modernity in the book Lonesome Dove, by Larry McMurtry. Right away, McMurtry tells the readers that his novel concerns America writ large. The book is far from a site of cohesion, depicting instead the attempt to narrate a nation as fraught not only with the exclusion of various others, but also with confusion about the value of community itself. McMurtry's version of the western also implicitly criticizes western narratives with versions of America that are not critically self-aware of their own exclusions or the limits of their possibility.

Focuses on the importance of the Transatlantic Common Aviation Area (TCAA) in the field of international aviation law in the U.S. History of the development of TCAA; Ability of the European Union Member States to set aviation policies; Obstacles to the establishment of TCAA.

The article focuses on former U.S. President Donald Trump refusal to comply with any congressional information requests relating to his impeachment. Topics discussed include formidable executive branch legal infrastructure adept at turning past acts of presidential secret-keeping; President Trump's uses of executive privilege and its shadow within broader contexts explored in the preceding sections and presidential abuses become anti-canonical and spark a backlash against future such actions.

The article reports that the current English political/moral vocabulary is morally unsatisfactory and inadequate for characterizing the plight of present-day black Americans, which has serious social and political ramifications. Language, it is clear, influences thought. Language shapes the contours of our mental images of the world. The vocabulary of moral/political discourse is important for addressing social wrongs. American's moral discourse does not capture the reality of the legacy of inequality that blacks have experienced as a result of slavery and its aftermath. The general belief that blacks were "inferior" did not change after emancipation, nor did the attitudes about incorporating blacks into the social fabric. There is no word of English that can characterize the plight of the descendants of slaves in the U.S. society. And what one must realize is that the fact that there is no such word is indicative of the interests and attitudes of the speakers of the language. If no single word is available, then a short phrase will serve, but only if its meaning can readily be grasped, only if it serves to convey the right sense.

Asserts that it is time for society to reckon with the fallacy of turning our heroes and heroines into godlike inhuman figures, emphasizing the need for historians to turn Martin Luther King, Jr. back into the human being he was. King's performance as a researcher/writer in graduate school; The Civil Rights movement; Sent to achieve access and mobility; Formulating one's own voice; African-American community in the United States.

Black, inner city, indigent youth present clinicians with an array of psychological, educational, social, economic, and behavioral problems that defy traditional treatment methods. City Lights is described as a comprehensive day treatment model that has the potential to succeed with high-risk youth. The program utilizes a self-paced computer-assisted education program within the context of a therapeutic community. Innovative strategies have been developed to accomplish both academic remediation and emotional development. Academic competence is seen as an essential component of psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the plausibility for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery to develop atrial fibrillation (AF) by researchers from Athens, Ohio. Prevalence of AF in elderly patients and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or hypertension; association of its recurrence with encephalopathy, strokes and renal dysfunction; Presentation of AF as a risk factor for late mortality.

This article explores the manner in which the narratives in the Prison Noir volume (2014) edited by Joyce Carol Oates bring into view the limits and abusive practices of the American criminal justice system within the confines of one of its most secretive sites, the prison. Taking an insider's perspective - all stories are written by award-winning former or current prisoners - the volume creates room for the usually silent voices of those incarcerated in correctional facilities throughout the United States. The article engages the effects of "prisonization" and the subsequent mortification of inmates by focusing on images of death and dying in American prisons, whether understood as a 'social death,' the isolation from any meaningful intercourse with society, as a 'civil death,' the stripping away of citizenship rights and legal protections, or as the physical termination of life as a result of illness, murder, suicide or statesponsored execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the political activities of the Iraqi Kurds. It notes the report of the periodical "Agence France Press" that the Kurdish Muslim religious scholars have called for jihad or holy war against the infidels of the U.S. if they conquer Iraq. Relative to this, the article also reports that about 70 Iraqi Kurds and others were inside the Saint Pierre Saint Paul church in Calais, France and threatened to kill themselves if they were to be expelled in the asylum of Britain. It further notes that the French police have gathered around the church to end the occupation of the Iraqi Kurds.