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Background: For thousands of years till nowadays, Nigella sativa (NS) has served as a common spice and food preservative. Its seed extracts, seed oil, and essential oil in traditional medicine have been used to remedy many ailments such as headaches, fever, gastric complaints, and even rheumatism. In addition, the antibacterial, virucidal, fungicidal, and antiparasitic properties of NS are well known. However, studies on the possible immunomodulatory effects of black cumin are relatively scarce. This article discusses in vitro and in vivo research supporting the immunomodulatory role of NS. Methods: The review is based on articles, books, and conference papers printed until September 2022, found in the Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Experimental findings were reported concerning the ability of NS to modulate inflammation and immune responses or cytotoxic activity. Conclusions: All results suggest that NS can potentially be employed in developing effective therapeutic agents for regulating immune reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varaždin pumpkin seed oil is a virgin edible oil obtained by roasting and mechanically pressing dry pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo L.). The aroma is dominated by a sense of toastiness interwoven with a specific nutty taste without any foreign or rancid smell or taste. It is dark green to black in colour with a reddish glow. It is characterized by fragrant, spicy notes and a well-balanced bouquet. The basic quality chemical parameters of Varaždin pumpkin seed oil monitored over the past eight years show that the proportion of free fatty acids (expressed as oleic) is less than 1%, which indicates good quality of the raw material and the applied oil production technology. The peroxide value is less than 4 mmol O2/kg, which is an indicator of good oxidation stability of the oil during its storage. The average value of the representation of unsaturated fatty acids is more than 80%, and variations in the fatty acid composition are the result of specific climatic conditions occuring in the year of growing and harvesting pumpkins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary 1 Introduction 2 Worldwide production, processing and consumption 2.1 UK situation 3 Production, storage and processing 3.1 Production and processing 3.1.1 Harvesting and storage 3.1.2 Crushing and heating 3.1.3 Solvent extraction 3.1.4 Modifying the properties of oils and oil-based products 3.2 Storing oils in the home 4 Culinary oils, nutrition and health 4.1 Nutrient composition of oils and spreads 4.1.1 Fatty acid composition 4.1.2 Essential fatty acids 4.2 Fatty acids and their impact on health improvement and disease prevention 4.2.1 Recommendations on fat in the diet for cardiovascular health 4.2.2 Guideline daily amounts 4.2.3 Specific health effects of the n-3 polyunsaturates 4.2.4 The ratio of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturates in the diet 4.2.5 Fatty acids and cancer risk 4.3 Minor components of oils 4.3.1 Bioactive compounds 4.3.2 Vitamin E 4.3.3 Vitamin K 4.3.4 Phospholipids 4.4 A note about allergens 5 Contribution of culinary oils to nutrient intakes in the UK diet 6 The culinary oils 6.1 Rapeseed oil 6.1.1 Production and processing 6.1.2 Nutrient composition 6.1.3 Rapeseed oil and health 6.1.4 Food uses 6.2 Sunflower oil 6.2.1 Production and processing 6.2.2 Nutrient composition 6.2.3 Sunflower oil and health 6.2.4 Food uses 6.3 Soybean oil 6.3.1 Production and processing 6.3.2 Nutrient composition 6.3.3 Food uses 6.4 Palm oil and derivatives 6.4.1 Production and processing 6.4.2 Nutrient composition 6.4.3 Palm oil and health 6.4.4 Food uses 6.5 Olive oil 6.5.1 Production and processing 6.5.2 Nutrient composition 6.5.3 Olive oil and health 6.5.4 Food uses 6.6 Peanut oil 6.6.1 Production and processing 6.6.2 Nutrient composition 6.6.3 Peanut oil and health 6.6.4 Food uses 6.7 Sesame oil 6.7.1 Production and processing 6.7.2 Nutrient composition 6.7.3 Sesame oil and health 6.7.4 Food uses 6.8 Corn oil 6.8.1 Production and processing 6.8.2 Nutrient composition 6.8.3 Corn oil and health 6.8.4 Food uses 6.9 Flaxseed oil 6.9.1 Production and processing 6.9.2 Nutrient composition 6.9.3 Flaxseed oil and health 6.9.4 Food uses 6.10 Other less commonly used oils 6.10.1 Coconut oil 6.10.2 Walnut oil 6.11 Comparison of the culinary oils 7 Developments in culinary oils 7.1 Plant breeding and modifications to traditional oilseeds 7.2 Future developments in plant breeding 8 Culinary oils in a healthy, balanced diet Conclusions Acknowledgements References Vegetable oils are mainly produced from oilseeds ( e.g. rapeseed and sunflower seed) as well as from legumes ( e.g. peanut and soybean), nuts ( e.g. walnut and almond) and the flesh of some fruits ( e.g. olives). Vegetable oils are pressed from the plants and are then processed and refined to produce high-quality oils suitable for use as an ingredient in recipes, for frying, in salad dressings and in the production of margarines and spreads. There has been substantial growth in the oilseeds markets over the past 30 years.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the dynamics of cultivated area, production and yield in vegetal sector of Romania's agriculture in the period 2007-2020 and also in the decade 2014-2020 versus 2007-2013 in order to quantify the effects of the implemented agricultural strategy aligned to the EU CAP. The data from National Institute of Statistics were processed using fixed basis indices, structural indices, growth rate, mean, regression models, R square and comparisons between the two decades. In 2020, Romania had 8,263,672 ha cultivated by +6.25% more than in 2007. Crop structure included: cereals 64.6%, oil plants 20.3%, vegetables 2.4%, leguminous plants 1.3% and 1% potatoes. The area cultivated with cereals raised by +4.07% reaching 5,338,067 ha in 2020, of which maize and wheat 87.9%. In the decade 2014-2020 versus 2007-2013, it was registered a larger total cultivated area and also with cereals (wheat and maize), leguminous crops, oil crops (sunflower), but a reduced area with vegetables and potatoes. Cereals production increased by +132.29% accounting for 18,153,714 tons in 2020, of which maize 55.61% and wheat 35.2%. In the period 2007-2020, important production gains were carried out in leguminous grains, oil seeds, fruits and vegetables, but potatoes production declined by -49.63%. In the period 2014-2020 versus 2007-2013, production gains were registered in cereals, wheat, maize, leguminous grains, in oil seeds, sunflower seeds and fruits, but losses by -4.14% in vegetables and -21.26% in potatoes. In 2020 versus 2007, yield level was accounted for 3,400 kg/ha cereals (+123.24%), 2,966 kg/ha wheat (+92.47%), 3,977 kg/ha maize (+160.61%), 1,858 kg/ha sunflower seeds (+184.09%), 15,843 kg/ha potatoes (+15.95%), 21,858 kg/ha tomatoes (+57.07%). In the period 2014-2020 versus 2007-2013, yield gain accounted for: +50.08% cereals grains, +44.7% wheat, +54.18% maize, +61.5% sunflower seeds, +13.13% potatoes and +12.83% tomatoes. In conclusion, the implementation of Romania's strategy of agriculture development in the vegetal sector aligned to CAP has resulted in higher productions and yields of the analyzed groups of crops, except potatoes production which declined by about 50% in 2020 compared to 2007, and also, in the 2nd decade 2024-2020 versus 2007-2013, it was registered a decrease by -4.14% in vegetables and by -21.26% in potatoes, which is justified by the decline in cultivated area. This performance is due to the efforts made by farmers to obtain better results in their business and to the financial support given by the EU and Romanian Government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to present the evolution and future trend of organic farming, the forecast made for the next period, until 2025. The data provided by the international database Eurostat have been used to set up the forecast for the next period until 2025 regarding the areas occupied with oilseeds plants, using SPSS software, Forecasting working method. Organic farming is the production system that is based on certain strict principles of obtaining products, in accordance with guidelines and standards. national and international standards, which are designed to reduce the human impact on the environment while maintaining the normal functioning of the agricultural system. Comparing Romania to the EU member countries in terms of total area converted to organic farming, it ranks 8th with a total area of 291,629 ha, and first among European countries with 90,124 ha in terms of area grown with oilseeds in an ecological system. As a result of the application of measures to support and stimulate organic production, it is claimed that the area under organic farming at national level will increase by about 67% in 2022 compared to 2012. The results showed that in 2025 it is expected as Romania to cultivate up to 21,884 hectares of rapeseed, 71,274 hectares of sunflower and 26,963 hectares of soybeans in an ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has seen increasing interest in plant oils in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to their diverse functional and nutritional properties, as well as the high levels of consumer acceptance. As a result, there has been a spike in research interest in finding new sources of oils with good potential for industrial use. In this paper, the chemical characterisation (saponification, iodine, acid and ester numbers, as well as fatty acid composition) of nettle seed oil was given. Oil was analysed for its thermooxidative stability by differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameters of oxidation (Ea, A, and k) were also determined. The results showed that nettle seed oil belongs to the group of edible oils of the linoleic type and it is nutritionally highly valuable, it has pronounced thermooxidative stability and could be an alternative source of raw material for the food, cosmetics, and other non-food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the performance of cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) in the extraction of fenugreek seed oil, aiming to replace the conventionally used hexane. The efficiency of this alternative solvent was evaluated first through in silico methods (based on Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) and Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) simulations), followed by experimental studies. Solubility computational predictions analysis revealed that CPME exhibits superior solvation power compared to hexane. Experimentally, CPME demonstrated a significantly higher oil yield (7.23%) compared to hexane (4.25%) and a better retention of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids than hexane. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of oils extracted with CPME showed enhanced oxidative stability, sterol, tocopherol, and phenolic contents, leading to superior antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Importantly, CPME's low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions further establish it as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to hexane, aligning with contemporary goals of reducing harmful emissions in extraction processes. Thus, this paper highlights the functional advantages of CPME, focusing on its efficiency, selectivity, and enhanced retention of bioactive compounds, positioning it as a superior extraction solvent for fenugreek seed oil compared to hexane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The technology outlined here allows for the production of apple seed oil on an industrial scale. It solves the problem of separating seeds from dried apple pomace for oil pressing. The line combines a series of devices used in the processing of cereals, fruit, and vegetables, but its innovation lies in the combination of these devices into one technological line that is adapted to the specificity of the raw material. This is the first technological line for the separation of seeds from apple pomace on an industrial scale. The technology outlined here is in the conceptual phase and requires further research. (1) Background: The effective management of waste and by-products generated in the food industry helps development and implementation of ranges of health-promoting products. The manufacturing of apple juice and cider results in the generation of large quantities of apple pomace. (2) Methods: This paper outlines the concept of a technological process for industrial-scale production of edible oil with a health-promoting fatty acids profile using dried apple pomace as a raw material. (3) Results: Described approach allows for innovative and profitable industrial-scale utilization of the pomace generated from apple juice production. This paper presents a new technological line for apple seed separation intended for oil pressing. (4) Conclusions: The new technological approach could increase the production of apple seed oil. Because of the growing needs in managing post-production waste and by-products, apple seed oil produced from apple pomace on an industrial scale may become a new, attractive product in the functional food market. The fatty acids profile of apple seed oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and can beneficially influence health. The technology outlined here is in the conceptual phase and requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The conventional use of polyurethane in various applications is hindered by significant challenges, such as toxicity concerns, moisture sensitivity, and environmental impact. In response, there has been a notable surge in research focusing on bio-based alternatives, particularly non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), aligning with sustainable development objectives. NIPUs offer a promising solution by eliminating the need for isocyanates, employing cyclic carbonates and diamines instead. Out of various sources available, non-traditional vegetable oils present a viable starting material for cyclic carbonate synthesis due to their availability, renewability, and affordability. However, despite the growing interest in NIPUs, there remains a scarcity of literature on the utilization of non-traditional oils for their development. This short review aims to fill this gap by providing an overview of bio-based NIPUs synthesized from non-traditional vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, castor oil, lignin oil, linseed oil, and rubber seed oil. The review covers the synthesis methods of NIPUs via polyaddition reactions of carbonates and amines, detailing properties, advantages, and applications of each oil-based NIPU. Furthermore, by identifying research gaps and proposing potential solutions, this paper aims to encourage researchers to consider non-traditional oils for NIPU synthesis, facilitating significant advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple waste (APW) is the residual product after apple processing, including apple peel, apple core, apple seed, and other components. A large quantity of APW produced is abandoned annually, leading to serious resource waste and environmental pollution. APW is rich in natural active compounds, such as pectin, polyphenols, fatty acids, and dietary fiber, which has a good use value. This paper reviewed the current research on recovering active components from APW. The traditional extraction methods (acid, alkali, physical, enzyme, etc.) and the novel extraction methods (SWE, UAE, MAE, RFAE, etc.) for the recovery of pectin, polyphenols, apple seed oil, apple seed protein, and dietary fiber from APW were systematically summarized. The basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages of different extraction methods were introduced. The requirements of different extraction methods on extraction conditions and the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, quality, and functional activity of extracted products were analyzed. The challenges and future study direction of APW extraction have prospected. This paper aims to provide a reference for other researchers interested in APW extraction, improve the utilization rate of APW and extend the value chain of the apple industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is difficult to control worldwide. Although nuts are recognized health foods, the application of food in obesity management is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate if nut consumption favors people on energy restriction (ER) dietary interventions. Four databases were used to search for eligible articles in May 2024. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guide, and the bias risk of papers was evaluated. For the meta-analysis, we extracted the endpoint values of the group's variables and estimated the effect sizes by the random-effects model. Sixteen and ten articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Almonds were evaluated in the majority of studies (n = 6). The consumption of nuts (28 to 84 g/d, 4 to 72 months) included in ER (–250 to 1000 kcal/d) did not differently affect anthropometry (weight loss, BMI, waist and hip circumferences), body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, or lean mass), markers of glucose (glycemia and insulinemia), lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, or triglycerides), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In most analyses, stratifying studies by type of nut or intervention time did not present different results in the meta-analysis. As there are few studies, in addition to great methodological variability, more high-quality trials are needed to confirm these results. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023444878. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera, a widely recognized plant more commonly known as moringa, has obtained significant research interest in recent years due to its prospective physiological advantages, including its claimed ability to counteract carcinogenesis. The moringa plant has been found to possess bioactive components that exhibit promising anticancer activities against different human cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. The cytotoxic properties of moringa seed extracts on cancerous cells have also been provided in this paper along with other notable health benefits. The extracts derived from moringa seeds inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways. They also stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently induced caspase‐3 activity. The impact of moringin and avenanthramide 2f on the stimulation of caspases 2, 4, 8, and 9 results in reduction in the proliferation of cancer cells. The results reported by research studies hold significant implications for identifying and targeting specific molecular entities that could serve as potential therapeutic targets in search of effective cancer treatments. Furthermore, the flavonoids in moringa seed can remove mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, protecting beta cells and bringing hyperglycemia under control. M. oleifera seed oil can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases via reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and modulation of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the noteworthy discoveries derived from a rigorous investigation that explored into the impact of moringa seeds on the prevention/reduction of various cancers and other complex diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a unique traditional vegetable oil in China, camellia seed oil has very high edible value. Camellia seed kernel is mainly composed of fatty acids, which not only determines the oil yield of camellia seed, but also exert an important impact on the storage performance of camellia seed. In order to quickly and accurately determine the fatty acid content of camellia seed, this paper took camellia seed as the research object, used hyperspectral technology to determine the fatty acid content of camellia seed, and establishes a spectral model. 8 pretreatment methods, such as Savitzky-Golay smoothing, normalization, baseline correction, multivariate scattering correction, standard normal variable transformation, detrending algorithm, first derivative and second derivative, were adopted in this paper. The spectral prediction model of fatty acid content in camellia seed was established by combining 4 modeling methods: principal components regression (PCR), partial least square regression (PLSR), back propagation neural network (BP), radial basis function neural network (RBF). The optimal prediction model was selected by comparing the coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) of various models. The results showed that the spectral sensitive bands with high correlation coefficients (r) were 410-420 nm, 450- 460 nm, 490-510 nm, 545-580 nm, 845-870 nm and 905-925 nm, respectively. The r obtained by MSC pretreatment of spectral data was the largest. The data obtained by 8 different pretreatment methods combined with RBF neural network model was the best, in which the average value of coefficient of determination (RC²) in the calibration set was 0.8654, and the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 0.0777; the average value of coefficient of determination (RP²) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) in the prediction set model were 0.8437 and 0.0827, respectively. It could be seen that the best accuracy could be achieved by MSC pretreatment combined with RBF neural network modeling. This paper can provide reference for rapid nondestructive detection of fatty acid content in camellia seed by hyperspectral technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the trends in soybean crop cultivated area, yields and production at the global level and in the EU (2015-2023) and Romania (2007-2023) using the data from USDA, European Commission, National Institute of Statistics. The processing was based on growth rate, trend line regressions, R square, food balance, self sufficiency rate (SSR), comparisons etc. Soybean is an important protein-based and energy crop, called to produce healthier foods and animal meals, to sustain renewable energy production, to reduce pollution by capturing Nitrogen, diminishing the amounts of fertilizers, protecting environment and conserving biodiversity. In 2023, at the global level, 139.74 Million ha were cultivated with soya, production reached 419.5 Million tons seeds, (+32% vs. 2015), and yield attained 2.82 tons/ha (+0.06 vs. 2022). This was due to high consumption of 406.1 Million (+27.3% vs. 2015). Brazil, USA, Argentina and Paraguay produce 91.7% of the global soy seed output. In 2023, the EU-27 cultivated 11.94 Million ha with oilseeds crops, of which: rape 52.2%, sunflower 39.2% and soybean 0.98 Million ha (8.2%). For the next year, the forecast is +0.1 Million ha for soybean, +0.21 Million ha for sunflower and a decline by -0.46 Million ha for rape. In 2023, the EU produced 32.55 Million tons oil seeds of which soybean (9.2%), sunflower (30.1%) and 60.7% rape. Soybean SSR was 17.59% vs. SSR 63.91% for rape + sunflower + soybean, 84.98% for rape+ sunflower. Italy, France, Romania, Croatia and Austria contributes by 83% to the EU output. Romania accounts for 14% in the EU soya market. In 2023, 141.7 thousand ha were cultivated with soya (+ 6.38% vs. 2007). Production reached 303.2 thousand (2.2 times higher vs. 2007). The top output was 465.6 thousand tons in 2018, and yield raised to 2,140 kg/ha (2.09 times vs. 2007). As a conclusion, soybean is called to have a greater role in human food, animal meals, energy production, environment protection and biodiversity preservation. This means an extend in cultivated area, higher yield and production globally. However, the EU will continue not to cultivate GM soybean, but to import for covering the market requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years Bio-lubricants much desired in numerous applications in machineries due to their renewable characteristics, which have high biodegradable nature and produce fewer pollutants compared to mineral-based lubricants. Thus, in this paper, the effect of bio-lubricant (Cucurbita Pepo L. seed oil) on wear and friction characteristics in pin on disc tester is studied and compared with commercially available lubricant SAE20W40. Tests were conducted at different loads of 10 N, 50 N, 100 N, 150 N and 200 N at a constant speed of 3 m/s for 60 min to evaluate the behaviour of friction coefficient (COF) and wear at a temperature of 28°C and 100°C. It is observed from the results that, the COF decreases whereas, the wear increases with the rise in temperature and load. Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil (CPO) resulted in a lower wear rate in comparison to commercial SAE20W40. Wear scars on the surface lubricated with SAE20W40 show a rougher surface compared to the pin lubricated with CPO at both lower temperature (28°C) and higher temperature (100°C). This shows that CPO has better lubricity than SAE20W40. The present work indicates that CPO can be a possible substitute to mineral-based lubricant SAE20W40 for higher-temperature workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel represents a renewable alternative to conventional diesel, offering comparable potential. This paper delves into the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil seeds, emphasizing kernel-based feedstocks for their sustainable qualities. We discuss the critical stages of kernel separation and degumming, offering an in-depth examination of seed distribution, attributes, pretreatment, and oil extraction methodologies. Additionally, the paper considers the status of life cycle assessment (LCA) associated with biodiesel. Furthermore, it outlines the necessary steps toward sustainable biodiesel production and underscores the importance of integrating a sustainable circular bioeconomy in biodiesel synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sesame is an important oil seed crop affected by toxigenic fungal pathogens viz., Alternaria, Fusarium and Aspergillus. Among these, Alternaria sesami is seed borne and most destructive pathogen causing yield loss to an extent of 28.9 per cent. Hence the effect of artificial infection with A. sesami on seed quality of various samples of sesame was investigated during 2017-2018. Methods: A total of 28 samples were collected from different sesame growing areas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and inoculated with A. sesami. The inoculated and uninoculated seeds were tested for germination and seedling growth by rolled paper towel method. Result: Significant differences in seed germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index were observed among the uninoculated as well as inoculated sesame seed samples. The results indicated that Alternaria sesami caused 15.13% to 49.68%, 12.77% to 46.14% and 28.28% to 72.87% reduction in seed germination, seedling length and vigour index, respectively, of inoculated seed over uninoculated seeds. The per cent reduction was highest in the seed samples of YLM-17 collected from farmers' saved seed samples of Prakasam district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of oil from oilseed material by mechanical pressing is carried out in special machines called mechanical presses. The press's primary component sections are the transmission, press bearings, feed area, press chamber, screw, and barrel output. The screw plays a crucial role in a press's operation. A rotating helical body (screw) inside a cylinder-shaped enclosed space produces the pressing force (pressing chamber) in mechanical presses. In this article, we have designed the screw of an oil press to obtain oil from grape seeds. To make the 3D model, we used SolidWorks software, after which we also simulated the model under stress conditions. In the first phase, the behavior of the 3D model will besimulated for the screw with which a small press is equipped, a model most often used in farms for obtaining oil. Later we also simulated a screw model with a larger pitch to observe the differences in behavior between them. In this paper, we show whether the different pitch of the screw press models influences their degree of erosion and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been increased interest to propagate Moringa oleifera because of its multipurpose uses. However there are still no appropriate guidelines for long-term storage of Moringa seed because diverse results are reported in literature. Although progress has been made to understand the causes of seed deterioration, few studies have been made on natural long-term aging of seed. This study aimed to determine and compare the level of polyphenols, flavonoids, MDA and antioxidant capacity in Moringa seed stored in paper and aluminum bags at − 19°, 4°, 20° and 30 °C for 24 months as well as to investigated the relationship between these secondary compounds and Moringa seed viability. Seeds were evaluated in regular intervals of 6 months. There was minor difference between viability percentage of seed stored below 20 °C. Significant decline in viability was recorded in seed stored for 24 months in aluminum bags at 30 °C as a result of high moisture content (8%) and high temperature at which seed were exposed; While Seed stored at 30 °C in paper bags had low moisture content (5%) and retain a high viability percentage. Storage duration was the main factor affecting the changes on polyphenols and antioxidant activity levels. Although storage duration played a major role on the change in flavonoid and MDA content, the influence of storage temperature and the seed moisture content was also evident on some treatments. The change in investigated secondary compounds in seed did not always reflect on its viability percentage, but two relationships emerge from this study: The lowest moisture content, slow increase in MDA content, the lowest flavonoids content and the highest germination % in seed stored in paper bags at 20 and 30 °C at 24 months; and the highest MDA content, highest increase in flavonoids and lowest viability percentage observed in seed stored in aluminum bags at 30 °C for 24 months. It is recommended that for long-term storage (≥ 12 months) Moringa seed be stored with low moisture content (≤ 5%) at constant temperature below 30 °C. • Moringa seed with MC ≤ 5% can be kept at constant temperature ≤ 30 °C beyond 12 months. • Moringa seed may continue synthesizing antioxidant during postharvest storage. • Storage period the main factor influencing change in polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. • Packaging type and storage temperature influence flavonoid and lipid peroxidation. • Increase in lipid peroxidation and flavonoids correlate with the loss of viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the preparation of margarine fat using Lipozyme TL IM as a catalyst and peony seed oil (PSO), palm stearin (PS) and coconut oil (CO) as raw materials. The results indicate that there were no significant changes in fatty acid composition before or after interesterification of the oil samples. However, the total amount of medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MLCTs) increased from 2.92% to 11.38% in sample E1 after interesterification, mainly including LaLaO, LaMO, LaPM, LaOO, LaPO and LaPP. Moreover, the slip melting point (SMP) of sample E1 decreased from 45.9 °C (B1) to 33.5 °C. The solid fat content (SFC) of all the samples at 20 °C was greater than 10%, indicating that they could effectively prevent oil exudation. After interesterification, the samples exhibited a β′ crystal form and could be used to prepare functional margarine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector of the Republic of Moldova is strongly relying on the crop production sector, which has been holding an average share of about 70% of the total agricultural output, being followed by livestock sector and services. Crop sector's importance is determined through its contribution to ensuring food security, provision of raw material for the food processing sector and also support to the livestock's sector development. Therefore, the paper aims to evaluate the current development trends of the sector, by emphasizing its achievements on the foreign markets through assessment of its competitiveness. The used methodology is based on the scientific research methods like comparative analysis, synthesis, sectoral SWOT analysis and calculation of several competitiveness indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Trade Specialization Index and Grubel-Lloyd Index. The results present a continuous development of the sector with the need for production diversification and a competitive advantage on external markets for mostly raw material products like oil seeds, edible fruits and nuts, cereals, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tocopherols are secondary metabolites synthesized through the shikimate biosynthetic pathway in the plastids of most plants. It is well known that α–Tocopherol (vitamin E) has many health benefits for humans and animals; therefore, it is highly used in human and animal diets. Tocopherols vary considerably in most crop (and plant) species and within cultivars of the same species depending on environmental and growth conditions; tocopherol content is a polygenic, complex traits, and its inheritance is poorly understood. The objective of this review paper was to summarize all identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed tocopherols and related contents identified in maize (Zea mays) during the past two decades (2002–2022). Candidate genes identified within these QTL regions are also discussed. The QTL described here, and candidate genes identified within these genomic regions could be used in breeding programs to develop maize cultivars with high, beneficial levels of seed tocopherol contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the ethnobotanical information, phytochemical content, and pharmacological activities of Adonidia merrillii. Ethnobotanical studies of A. merrillii in several countries such as the Philippines, Nigeria, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia revealed that this palm is known as an ornamental plant and is also utilized for medicinal purposes such as diarrhea, toothache, psychostimulant, and treat malnourished. Furthermore, A. merrillii holds cultural significance, often being incorporated into ceremonial practices. Previous studies reported various phytoconstituents detected in fruit pericarp, leaf, kernel seed oil, and flower. The phytoconstituents are flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarins, phenolics, and others. Fruit pericarp and seed extract have potential against various cancer cells. The fruit pericarp methanol extract is adequate against pathogenic bacteria due to its fatty acid content in different mechanisms. Flavonoids in seed extract are used as antidiarrheal agents, and the flavonoid effectivity increases when they are combined with lactic acid probiotic bacteria. Antioxidant activity was reported obtained from the fruit and pericarp extracts. Based on ethnobotanical studies and scientific research, A. merrillii has great potential and can be developed as a medicine in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw return (SR) has been widely recommended as a conservation agricultural practice in China. However, the effects of SR on crop yield and soil properties are inconsistent across studies of rice–oilseed rape cropping systems in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SR on crop yield and soil nutrient content in a rice–oilseed rotation system, and to understand the mechanism of straw return on the difference in yield increases between rice and oilseed rape. Additionally, suitable climate factors, soil properties, and agricultural practices were identified to achieve maximum increases in yield and soil nutrients in a rice–oilseed rotation under SR. This paper is based on a meta-analysis of 1322 observations from 83 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate the effects of climate, initial soil conditions, and agricultural management practices on rice and oilseed rape yields and soil nutrients under SR. The results showed that the responses of oilseed rape and rice yield remained positive, with 12.37% and 6.54% increases, and were significantly higher under SR than the control (no SR). Moreover, SR significantly increased the contents of several soil nutrients (soil organic carbon (SOC), total nutrients, available nutrients) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). Interestingly, the increase in crop yields was attributed to the increase in SOC, total nitrogen, and available potassium. Additionally, the increase in yields was mainly affected by climate factors, initial soil properties, and agronomic practices. For example, both mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) had a positive correlation with crop yield increases under SR (p < 0.01). Initial soil conditions such as low SOC and total nitrogen content were more suitable for increased rice yield under SR, while the opposite was true for increased oilseed rape yield. Without fertilization, the SR did not significantly improve crop yield and soil nutrients, while it was more pronounced with N fertilization at 150–180 kg hm−2. The positive effect of SR on crop yields is more evident with plowing tillage, whereas the SR caused the highest increase in soil nutrients with the no-tillage condition. These findings have important implications for further improving crop yield, SOC, and soil nutrients in the Chinese rice–oilseed cropping system through straw return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the addition of lecithin‐emulsified black seed oil (BSO) nanoemulsions (LNEO) and whey protein isolate‐stabilized Pickering emulsions (WPEO) to soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based films and their effect on improving the shelf life of bread slices. The half‐life of antioxidant activity, water vapor permeability, biodegradability, density, color difference, and film thickness significantly increased (p <.05) when BSO was added. However, the incorporation of BSO significantly reduced the solubility, tensile strength, strain to break (except for WPEO), and transparency (p <.05) of the samples. The interaction between SPI film and BSO‐loaded nanocarriers, as well as the morphological properties of films, was evaluated using FT‐IR and FE‐SEM. SPI‐based films containing LNEO‐5% and WPEO‐5% were selected based on their mechanical and barrier properties. The effect of films on the shelf life of bread slices was investigated for 17 days of storage. LNEO samples obtained the most acceptable results in the bread in terms of sensory evaluation and color properties. According to the results, bread slices packed in SPI film containing LNEO‐5% showed no signs of mold growth until the 17th day of storage, whereas the sample packed in a low‐density polyethylene bag began to corrupt on the 6th day. This study highlights the potential of BSO‐loaded SPI films as a novel active packaging for the bakery industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic vegetable oil is still low. As an important oil crop in China, rapeseed contributes to nearly 50% of the oil production of domestic oil crops, and it plays a vital role in ensuring national edible oil supply security. Since the "No. 1 central document" for 2012 first proposed the comprehensive deployment of agricultural science and technology strategy, the rapeseed industry has made great progress with scientific and technological support. The "No. 1 central document" for 2023 clearly proposes to further promote the soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project, take coordinated steps to support the rapeseed industry, promote rice-oil rotation, and vigorously develop winter idle fields. This paper systematically figured the development status of rapeseed industry from 2012 to 2022, summarized the scientific and technological progress within this sector, and analysed the current challenges and prospects. Finally, policy suggestions were put forward to support the sustainable development of rapeseed industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant characteristics, cultivation, seed harvest, reception, and pretreatment, and oil extraction, refinement, storage, and physicochemical properties, composition, and uses. It focuses on various traditional and novel methods of castor oil extraction and their optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and techno-economic, environmental, and social issues. Generally, novel techniques proved higher oil yield in a shorter time than conventional ones. The hybrid ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest oil yield, whereas supercritical CO2 extraction showed no effect. The composition and properties of castor oil depend on not only extraction methods but also geographical origin, climate, soil, cultivar, and harvest time. The future perspective involves utilizing the entire biomass in a biorefinery to maximize the value of oil, seed cake, and waste residues. Castor oil production offers opportunities for sustainable development, but challenges must be addressed to ensure sustainability and social responsibility throughout the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds' abundant biologically active compounds make them a suitable primary platform for the production of natural extracts, innovative foods, medicines, and cosmetics. High levels of industrial and agricultural residues and byproducts are generated during the processing of grapes, although some parts can also be repurposed. This paper examines the phytochemical composition, manufacturing processes, and health-improving attributes of many varieties of grape oil derived using various extraction methods. Since the results are influenced by a range of factors, they are expressed differently among studies, and the researchers employ a variety of measuring units, making it difficult to convey the results. The primary topics covered in most papers are grape seed oil's lipophilic fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. In addition, new methods for extracting grape seed oil should therefore be designed; these methods must be affordable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly in order to increase the oil's quality by extracting bioactive components and thereby increasing its biological activity in order to become part of the overall management of multiple diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oilseeds & Fats, Crops & Lipids (OCL) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the paper, an attempt is made to present an image regarding the evolution of the oil seed supply, in the Olt County, for the period 2015-2017. The processed information was extracted from a recognized database (www.insse.ro), highlighting the trends of establishment and evolution of the county's availability of seeds from species such as sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans etc. Olt County occupy the second place in the south-west Oltenia region. The cultivated area was 78,902.67 ha, the total production reached a level of 165,313.33 t, while the average production is characterized by a general level of 2,095 kg/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase B (FATB) gene, involved in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids, plays an important role in the content of fatty acid and composition of seed storage lipids. However, the role of FATB in soybeans (Glycine max) has been poorly characterised. This paper presents a preliminary bioinformatics and molecular biological investigation of 10 hypothetical FATB members. The results revealed that GmFATB1B, GmFATB2A and GmFATB2B contain many response elements involved in defense and stress responses and meristem tissue expression. Moreover, the coding sequences of GmFATB1A and GmFATB1B were significantly longer than those of the other genes. Their expression varied in different organs of soybean plants during growth, with GmFATB2A and GmFATB2B showing higher relative expression. In addition, subcellular localisation analysis revealed that they were mainly present in chloroplasts. Overexpression of GmFATB1A, GmFATB1B, GmFATB2A and GmFATB2B in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants increased the seed oil content by 10.3%, 12.5%, 7.5% and 8.4%, respectively, compared to that in the wild-type and led to significant increases in palmitic and stearic acid content. Thus, this research has increased our understanding of the FATB family in soybeans and provides a theoretical basis for subsequent improvements in soybean quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of novel microbeads from alginate filled with nanoclay such as halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs were used as support for the growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals producing a flower-like structure (HNT@LDH). Such nanofiller was loaded with grapefruit seed oil (GO), an active compound with antimicrobial activity, up to 50% wt. For comparison, the beads were also loaded with HNT and LDH separately, and filled with the same amount of GO. The characterization of the filler was performed using XRD and ATR spectroscopy. The beads were analyzed through XRD, TGA, ATR and SEM. The functional properties of the beads, as nanocarriers of the active compound, were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The release kinetics were recorded and modelled as a function of the structural characteristics of the nanofiller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When designing and manufacturing machines and installations for processing, transporting and storing grain and seeds, it is necessary to know some of their basic physical and mechanical characteristics. They are also necessary for the correct selection of the operating modes of the facilities in the grain warehouses. In this paper, an engineering and technical classification of the mass-grown cereals, legumes and oilseed crops in Bulgaria is presented. For the most used varieties and hybrids, density of grains (seeds), hectoliter mass, angle of natural slope, and angle of friction on smooth materials are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper, we present resistance at drought of eight sunflower hybrids in system Express Sun and in system Clearfield, belonging to NARDI Fundulea, in climatic condition of three years 2020, 2021 and 2022, by analyzing data regarding seed yield, hectoliter weight, seed oil content. Average seed yield in year 2020, was between values of 581 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD15CL44 and 2668 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD15E27, in year 2021, was between values of 2358 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD20CL70 and 4031 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD15E27 and in year 2022, was between values of 2814 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD22CL83 and 4232 kg/ha at sunflower hybrid FD18E41. Average hectoliter weight in year 2020, was between values of 44.6 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD22CL66 and 64.5 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD18E41, in year 2021, was between values of 33.6 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD20CL70 and 45.6 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD19E42 and in year 2022, was between values of 54 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD22CL83 and 66.4 kg/hl at sunflower hybrid FD21CL77. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chia (Salvia hispanica) is native to Mexico and Guatemala, but today it is also cultivated in the Americas, Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Columbia, Europe and Peru. Chia seeds are rich in oil (25% to 39%) and protein (16% to 26%). Chia seeds are also a good source of ω-3 acids, ω-6 acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolic compounds. In the last few years, chia seeds and their derived ingredients have been studied as functional foods. In this paper, the processes applied for chia oil extraction, its composition and attributes, as well as the valorization of its by-product (partially defatted chia cake or defatted meal) are reviewed. Valorization of the chia cake or meal includes production of protein ingredients (concentrate and isolate), extraction of phenolic compounds, supplementation of breads, cookies, muffins, pasta and meat products, and use as a fat replacer and stabilizer in the production of low-fat salad dressing and ice cream. Chia gum or mucilage has also been extracted from chia cake and used as ingredients in the formulation of low fat vegan mayonnaise and edible biodegradable films. Some research avenues for future studies are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s paradigm petroleum and petro-based chemical products are being extracted and consumed at a substantial rate, proving to be hazardous and detrimental to the earth. Bio based resources are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, economical, and proved to be an alternative to the present mineral oils. This paper documents the research on naturally available mahua seed oil for bio-lubrication, its flash point and fire point, tribological properties namely coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter have been modified by the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in different concentrations by weight percentage (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0). four-ball tester was used according to ASTMD-4172 standards (60 min under 40 kg running at 1200 rpm). Probe ultrasonicator was used for particle dispersion. It was found that 0.75 wt. % loading of ZnO in mahua oil resulted in a 57.14% drop of coefficient of friction, but a slight increase in the wear scar diameter of 30.60% was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other crops, pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a niche emerging oil crop. In recent years, research on pennycress has been increasingly reflected in various directions. Pennycress belongs to the Brassicaceae family and was introduced from Eurasia to North America. It has been found worldwide as a cultivated plant and weed. In this paper, we review the advantages of pennycress as a supplementary model plant of Arabidopsis thaliana, oil and protein extraction technology, seed composition analysis based on metabolomics, germplasm resource development, growth, and ecological impact research, abiotic stress, fatty acid extraction optimization strategy, and other aspects of studies over recent years. The main research directions proposed for the future are as follows: (1) assemble the genome of pennycress to complete its entire genome data, (2) optimize the extraction process of pennycress as biodiesel, (3) analyze the molecular mechanism of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in pennycress, and (4) the functions of key genes corresponding to various adversity conditions of pennycress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuta absoluta poses a serious threat to tomato production worldwide as it can cause important yield losses. Its control is currently mainly based on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides, which unfortunately selects resistant populations and entails public health risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal, repellent and sublethal effects of Carapa procera seed oil on all stages of T. absoluta. Larvicidal (by contact and by ingestion), ovicidal and anti-feeding effects were evaluated by testing 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6% and 7.5% concentrations of oil. Larvicidal and ovicidal effects were tested by direct application of Carapa solutions on larvae and eggs but also by feeding the larvae leaves dipped in solutions. The adult repellent effect was investigated by identifying the preferred area on filter paper partly non-treated versus fully treated using LC10, LC50 et LC90 of larvae after ingestion. LC50 was also used on 2-day-old larvae to evaluate the sublethal effects on larval and pupal duration, longevity and adult morphology. Results showed that, regardless of the mode of application, all concentrations had larvicidal effects with a higher dose-response effect and a higher mortality rate via ingestion than via topical application. The ovicidal effect varied with the concentrations tested, the highest mortality rate was obtained at a concentration of 7.5%. At the same dose, Carapa oil reduced large feeding galleries from 92.22 ± 5.02% in controls to 3.33 ± 3.65% at the highest dose and had a repellent effect on 80% of adults. Carapa oil increased larval and pupal duration by 2.14 and 1.35 days, respectively, and reduced adult female longevity by 2.2 days and male longevity by 1.1 days. A deformation rate of 28.33% was observed in newly emerged adults. This study demonstrated insecticidal and insect repellent effects of Carapa oil on different stages of T. absoluta. This botanical oil is a very promising biopesticide to control this major new pest of Solanaceous crops. Its use in an agroecological pest management strategy is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there was an increase in the commercial offer of vegetable oils from unconventional sources, such as fruit, vegetable, and herb seeds. The paper presents a synthesis of available scientific information on 27 oils obtained from the seeds of 14 fruit species (apple, apricot, chokeberry, black berry, blackcurrant, blue berry, cherry, Japanese quince, pear, plum, quince, raspberry, rosehip, and strawberry), 8 vegetable species (broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, parsley, radish, and tomato), and 5 herb species (basil, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, and perilla). A review of the literature showed that oil content in these seeds ranges from ca. 5% for fenugreek to over 55% for apricot kernels. A recommended n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio below 4-5/1 was noted in 11 species. Japanese quince, blackcurrant, and fenugreek seed oils seem to be good sources of phytosterols. Radish seed oil was mostly abundant in tocols, Japanese quince seed oil in squalene, and blackcurrant seed oil in carotenoids. Unfortunately, actual data on the composition of these seed oils are highly variable, making it difficult to precisely identify the most nutritionally valuable oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultivated Plants / Journal für Kulturpflanzen is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)