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Princeton—Stanford Working Papers in Classics (PSWPC) is a web-based series of work-in-progress scripts by members of two leading departments of classics. It introduces the humanities to a new form of scholarly communication and represents a major advance in the free availability of classical-studies scholarship in cyberspace. This article both reviews the initial performance of this open-access experiment and the benefits and challenges of working papers more generally for classical studies. After 2 years of operation PSWPC has proven to be a clear success. This series has built up a large international readership and a sizeable body of pre-prints and performs important scholarly and community- outreach functions. As this performance is largely due to its congruency with the working arrangements of ancient historians and classicists and the global demand for open-access scholarship, the series confirms the viability of this means of scholarly communication, and the likelihood of its expansion in our discipline. But modifications are required to increase the benefits this series brings and the amount of scholarship it makes freely available online. Finally, departments wishing to replicate its success will have to consider other important developments, such as the increasing availability of post-prints, the linking of research funding to open access, and the emergence of new cyber-infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the nature of academic research in the Humanities. It questions whether such scholarship has been instrumentalised to a narrowly individualistic, short-termist and action-orientated pursuit – whether, in simpler terms, there is too much writing and not enough reading. In the first part of the paper, the authors argue that such instrumentalisation is evident in the very language we use; we speak of research 'outputs', research 'impacts' and research 'targets', and all of these terms position Humanist scholarship closer to archery than human understanding. In the second part of the paper, Mahon and Henry foreground particularly the relationship between scholarship and silence as well as the importance of close and careful reading. Throughout the paper, the authors draw on the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Stanley Cavell in order to highlight a more edifying framework for research in the Humanities – one that might resist the darker impulses of a marketised academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Norwegian public health nurses prevent diseases and promote health in children and young people aged 0–20 and their families. Public health nursing programs prepare students for their practical role and provide relevant theoretical knowledge. Objectives: To gain knowledge of the literature in the Norwegian public health nursing curricula, and to examine further the nursing base in these curricula. Design: An explorative and descriptive design was chosen. Sample: Reading lists based on syllabus documents from the 10 higher educational institutions in Norway offering programs in public health nursing. Measurements: A summative content analysis and a categorization of content from reading lists were performed. Results: Numerical information on the content and categorization of reading lists shows that social science and humanities literature dominates, followed by psychology and medicine. Nursing texts, theories and philosophy comprise only a minor part of the curricula. Conclusion: The paper provides valuable data on the theoretical focus in Norwegian public health nursing and raises important questions about the paucity of nursing texts in the curriculum. The imbalance in reading lists in Norway should be studied further and similar studies conducted in other countries to encourage reflection on the theoretical content of public health nursing education globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Much has been written about the crisis in the Humanities even as student interest in the Humanities continues to decline. In the so-called "post-truth," "post-COVID19" period," however, the Humanities deserve attention for the important role they must play in preparing students for the world during a period of dramatic change. Design/methodology/approach: Discussion focuses on the "post-truth" period and how the Humanities have a role in confronting misinformation and "fake news." It provides specific actions for how those in the Humanities might address the current situation. It relies on the author's considerable background as a university Dean and President over a period of over 40 years and draws on a variety of written material addressing the future of the Humanities. Findings: In a period when the world confronts unprecedented change, when misinformation is confused with the truth and when social media exercises so much influence, students more than ever need the insight and context of the Humanities to mitigate the cant, bogus claims and questionable ethics that so much shape the world. Responsibility falls to faculty as they must make clear to their students how the Humanities provide a perspective that allows students to work through the big questions of their time. Research limitations/implications: Much has been written about the challenges facing the Humanities. It is hoped that this paper will generate additional discussion on how the Humanities might assert themselves during what are troubling times in higher education. Originality/value: The author's long experience as a senior university administrator provides a perspective that faculty and administrators might find useful as they consider the future of the Humanities at their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In academic contexts, digital games are often studied as texts or are used as pedagogical tools to teach basic concepts in early education situations. Less usefully, their systems and economies are often co-opted and decontextualized in short-sighted attempts to "gamify" various aspects of learning or training. However, given that games are highly controlled, conditional, choice-and-consequence-based, problem-solving environments in which players are expected to interact with simulated settings and elements after agreeing to take on particular roles and subject positions, there are promising potential uses of these experiences in academic contexts that have not been fully considered. Motivated by the imperative to explore alternative modes and methods of scholarly research and communication, and guided by the values of open social scholarship practices, this paper reconsiders games not as things to study, but as instruments to study with. Given that games can function as simulations, models, arguments and creative collaboratories, game-based inquiry can be used as a potential method of post-secondary and post-graduate humanities research and scholarly communication. While these ideas have been explored in a preliminary way in relation to a number of different academic disciplines (Donchin 1995; Boot 2015; Mitgutsch and Weise 2011; Westecott 2011) this paper is meant to catalyse a humanities-calibrated consideration of the pragmatics and potentials of game-based research, games as instances of critical making and scholarly communication, and more complex forms of game-based learning than those currently practiced. A number of examples that make use of the open source Twine platform will be featured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will attempt to determine the essence of philosophical thinking with respect to a closelyrelated form of spiritual culture - scientific knowledge. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility or impossibility of defining philosophy as one of the sciences belonging to the humanitarian sphere. The pro arguments of the scientific status of philosophy and the arguments rejecting the possibility of defining philosophy as a science are discussed. Nevertheless, philosophy per se is significantly wider than its purely scientific segment, creating fundamentally new ways of understanding reality, and thereby leaving the limits of concrete scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accompanying the ageing of contemporary ageing societies is an increase in age associated morbidity, with dementia having an important impact. Mental frailty in later life is a source of fear for many and a major policy concern to all those concerned with health and welfare services. This introduction to the special issue on 'Ageing, dementia and the social mind' situates the selected papers within the context of debates about dementia and its social relations. In particular it draws attention to the importance of the social imaginary of the fourth age and what this means for the issue of personhood, care, social representations of dementia and its social contextualisation. The papers illuminating these themes draw on a variety of disciplines and approaches; from the social sciences to the humanities and from the theoretical to the empirical in order to help orientate future researchers to the complexities of dementia and the social and cultural matrix in which it exists. This paper provides an introduction to the potential for a more extended sociology of dementia; one which could combine the insights from medical sociology with the concerns of social gerontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of reduced public funding of science and increased demands for ‘value for money’, academic researchers find themselves hard pressed to produce relevant research and demonstrate their utility to society. These pressures are particularly prominent in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) where practical value is frequently questioned. This article investigates how HSS can be made ‘relevant’ through the qualitative case study of a funding instrument fostering immersive collaboration between HSS researchers and non-academic actors. The research is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with the funded researchers and representatives of the funding agency. The paper provides insights into the motivations and experiences of HSS researchers embarking on the quest for relevance and the difficulties they encounter. In particular, the study finds that the key challenge for HSS researchers lies in balancing the level of engagement required to be relevant with the requirements of an academic career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Nous assistons actuellement à une inflation du nombre de journaux scientifiques et du nombre d’articles publiés dans des revues indexées. En pratique, 60 % des articles sont cités moins de 2 fois et donc probablement jamais lus. Sachant que les financements des auteurs scientifiques dépendent de leurs publications, tout les encourage à publier, et ce quelle que soit la portée de leurs résultats. On observe par conséquent l’émergence de techniques visant à amplifier artificiellement le nombre et l’impact des articles publiés. Cet article détaille quelques-unes de ces techniques : le perroquettage , le saucissonnage , le marketing, les co-auteurs « stars » fantômes, la mise en ligne précoce des articles acceptés, l’organisation en cartels, la multiplication des revues de littérature, et la disparition progressive des cas cliniques. Dans le paysage de la recherche biomédicale, la psychiatrie se situe extrêmement bien par rapport aux autres disciplines médicales. En effet, plusieurs revues en psychiatrie et en neurosciences possèdent des facteurs d’impact parmi les plus élevés des revues médicales. Malheureusement, la psychiatrie n’échappe évidemment pas aux dérives décrites précédemment. Des pistes sont proposées dans cet article pour pouvoir sortir de cette impasse et bénéficier d’une évaluation rénovée de la qualité scientifique. Enfin, la question des sciences humaines est également discutée en lien avec les processus de publication actuels. We’re currently witnessing an inflation of the number of scientific journals and of papers published in indexed journals. Indeed, 60 % of papers are cited less than twice and so probably are never read. Because the financing of scientific authors is based on their publications, everything encourages them to publish always more, and this regardless of the significance of their results. So emerging techniques to artificially boost the number and the impact of papers appear. We detailed here some of these key techniques: self plagiarism, salami slicing, marketing, famous ghost co-author, early online preview of accepted articles, cartels organization, proliferation of literature reviews, and gradual disappearance of clinical reports. Mapping the landscape of the biomedical research, psychiatry is extremely well-positioned compared to other medical disciplines. Indeed, many journals in psychiatry and neurosciences have impact factors among the highest of medical journals. Unfortunately, psychiatry is not immune to the drifts developed above. Ideas are proposed in this article to get out of this impasse and benefit from a renewed scientific quality assessment. Finally, the question of the humanities is also discussed in relation to the existing publication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expenditure on research and experimental development in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in South Africa has almost doubled over the past decade. However, fine-grained analysis of patterns of R&D expenditure in SSH research fields over the period 2005/2006-2014/2015 reveals a number of critical issues for both institutional planning and national policymaking. We demonstrate that most SSH R&D expenditure in the 10-year reference period was targeted predominantly within just a few research fields: finance, economics, education, accounting and political science and public policy. By contrast, investment in SSH research fields such as architecture and habitat, media and communication studies, psychology, and transportation studies was strikingly low in the same period, with some research fields, such as dance or tourism, appearing to be at risk of decline. Using these R&D data as a proxy, we argue, principally, that institutional R&D planners and national policymakers need to find a greater balance between current priorities and future needs, if SSH R&D is to be 'leveraged' for larger socio-economic impacts, as is being envisaged in a new draft White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation. Significance: • R&D expenditure in the social sciences and humanities between 2005 and 2014 was concentrated in just a few research fields, such as finance, economics and education. By contrast, R&D expenditure was comparatively low in research fields such as media and communication studies, technology management, architecture and habitat, and dance. • In an era of rapid global technological change, but also deepening local societal challenges, South Africa's national and institutional policymakers face strategic R&D choices. This article contributes to national debate about the status and perceived role(s) of the social sciences and humanities in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a multi-layer corpus architecture with multiple tokenizations using the open source historical, diachronic corpus of German called Register in Diachronic German Science. The corpus contains herbal texts printed between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries and is concerned with the development of a German scientific register, independent of Latin. We will discuss difficulties of transcribing, normalizing and annotating historical texts and will thereby argue for the advantages of multiple layers and multiple tokenizations. A virtually infinite number of annotations can be added to the corpus, without the need for deciding between or discarding interpretations. Thus, this flexible architecture enables multiple normalizations and types of annotation and is open to a wide range of research questions in the humanities. We provide case studies concerning the exploitation of our different normalizations as well as structural, register-specific and linguistic annotations. The corpus architecture allows for its reuse as a resource for corpus-based research approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Alternative metrics (altmetrics) are non-traditional metrics to measure the social impact of research results, which were unable to be assessed by the previous methods, by calculating how research results are reflected in various social media. The purpose of this paper is to measure and compare the impact of Korean study results in four fields that were published in international journals using altmetrics.Design/methodology/approach This study analysed the impact of 383 Korean research articles published by international journals in the field of medical science, engineering, social science and arts and humanities through altmetrics and compared it with bibliometrics.Findings As a result, the frequency of research articles which are “discussed” through social media such as Twitter was shown to be highest in the medical science than in other fields. In addition, the frequency of research articles which were “saved” through reference management tool such as Mendeley was shown to be higher in the social science and the arts and humanities than in other fields. Furthermore, as a result of a correlation analysis between altmetrics and bibliometrics, it is found that there exists a positive correlation between the number of articles which were “saved” in Mendeley and “cited” in follow-up studies.Originality/value This study examined the impact of the articles originating in non-English-speaking nations; it could be referred by other non-English-speaking nations that are trying to identify invisible impact of their research output on global society. By finding the academic field which are receiving special attention from global community using altmetrics, researchers could prospect country’s overall research impact and utilize it to make a future R&D plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics is a fundamental tool of research. Although potentially applicable in every discipline, the amount of training in mathematics that students typically receive varies greatly between different disciplines. In those disciplines where most researchers do not master mathematics, the use of mathematics may be held in too much awe. To demonstrate this I conducted an online experiment with 200 participants, all of which had experience of reading research reports and a postgraduate degree (in any subject). Participants were presented with the abstracts from two published papers (one in evolutionary anthropology and one in sociology). Based on these abstracts, participants were asked to judge the quality of the research. Either one or the other of the two abstracts was manipulated through the inclusion of an extra sentence taken from a completely unrelated paper and presenting an equation that made no sense in the context. The that included the meaningless mathematics tended to be judged of higher quality. However, this "nonsense math effect" was not found among participants with degrees in mathematics, science, technology or medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blackletter prints still challenge computers and scholars alike when it comes to accuracy of text recognition. In this paper we show our approach to evaluate OCR accuracy of old text documents. Thus we challenge funding agencies' demands on accuracy by arguing that mixed methods like scalable reading help to achieve sufficient results from text documents of insufficient accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of e-Science technologies to disciplines in the arts and humanities raises major questions as to how those technologies can be most usefully exploited, what tools and infrastructures are needed for that exploitation, and what new research approaches can be generated. This paper reviews a number of activities in the UK and Europe in the last 5 years which have sought to address these questions through processes of experimentation and targeted infrastructure development. In the UK, the AHeSSC (Arts and Humanities e-Science Support Centre) has played a coordinating role for seven projects funded by the Arts and Humanities e-Science Initiative. In Europe, DARIAH (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities) has sought to develop a deeper understanding of research information and communication in the arts and humanities, and to inform the development of e-infrastructures accordingly. Both sets of activity have indicated a common requirement: to construct a framework which consistently describes the methods and functions of scholarly activity which underlie digital arts and humanities research, and the relationships between them. Such a ‘methodological commons’ has been formulated in the field of the digital humanities. This paper describes the application of this approach to arts and humanities e-Science, with reference to the early work of DARIAH and AHeSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of digital information resources on Internet has revolutionised the academic world. The Internet is paving way for a great leap in the field of higher education and research. This paper is an attempt to investigate the use of Internet resources by the academic community of the Sri Venkateswara University (SVU), Tirupati. For this purpose a survey was carried out using questionnaire tool. The results show that users from all branches of science are making use of Internet resources better than social sciences and humanities. Providing training to its users at the beginning of each semester will improve its use and reduce the problems faced by the library users. The paper highlighted the various problems and issues involved in handling digital library and has given suggestions to improve the library services to meet the demands of the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses papers submitted in the 26th Annual Conference on Social Theory, Politics and the Arts which was held in Washington, D.C. from October 12 to 15, 2000. Main challenges for the arts and humanities; Central topic of the event; Topics of the papers.

International collaboration is one of the effective ways to enhance the impact of scientific research papers. In this research, international research collaboration papers published by world-class universities in the field of humanities and social sciences from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research object, and the effective enhancement of the impact of international research collaboration papers was found to not be dependent on expanding the scale of international research collaboration, but rather on selecting researchers with different international backgrounds and from high-level institutions for collaboration. It was also discovered that, in the field of humanities and social sciences, despite a relatively low proportion of international research collaboration papers being led by Chinese scholars, the Chinese research is characterized by a higher impact compared with the research led by non-Chinese scholars. In light of this, a series of proactive measures should be taken by China's world-class universities, such as actively participating in and initiating international collaboration, selecting high-level research collaborators, and attracting scholars from different countries to engage in research collaboration in the field of humanities and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, concerns are addressed regarding the validity of the Quest scale introduced by Batson (1976) and Batson and Ventis (1982). Some have wondered whether this scale might be more a measure of agnosticism, of anti-orthodoxy, of sophomoric religious doubt, or of religious conflict, if indeed, it is a measure of anything religious at all. We have reviewed the available evidence regarding validity, much of which has appeared in unpublished research reports, theses, dissertations, or convention papers, and thus has not been widely available. Based on the evidence, we have concluded that the Quest scale does indeed measure a dimension of personal religion very much like the one it was designed to measure: an open-ended, active approach to existential questions that resists clear-cut, pat answers, Concerns regarding the reliability of the Quest scale, which have proved more persistent, are addressed in a companion paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEPRESSION IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH A REDUCED motivation to engage in behavior that will improve one's mood. This paper presents a study in which 175 university students listened to a self-selected piece of music on Youtube that made them sad. Post- and pre-listening scores of depressed mood on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were taken, as were measures of rumination and scores on the Like Sad Music Scale (LSMS). Results indicate that listening to sad music via this medium can significantly increase feelings of depression in people with a tendency to depression (as suggested by high rumination scores). Furthermore, people with a tendency to depression demonstrate a liking for such music despite the potentially unhealthy consequences of listening to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores social scientists' and humanities (SSH) scholars' integration within the academic medical research environment. Three questions guided our investigation: Do SSH scholars adapt to the medical research environment? How do they navigate their career within a culture that may be inconsistent with their own? What strategies do they use to gain legitimacy? The study builds on three concepts: decoupling, doxa, and epistemic habitus. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with SSH scholars working in 11 faculties of medicine across Canada. Participants were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. The data were analyzed by thematic content analysis. For most of our participants, moving into medicine has been a challenging experience, as their research practices and views of academic excellence collided with those of medicine. In order to achieve some level of legitimacy more than half of our participants altered their research practices. This resulted in a dissonance between their internalized appreciation of academic excellence and their new, altered, research practices. Only six participants experienced no form of challenge or dissonance after moving into medicine, while three decided to break with their social science and humanities past and make the medical research community their new home. We conclude that the work environment for SSH scholars in faculties of medicine does not deliver on the promise of inclusiveness made by calls for interdisciplinarity in Canadian health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Humanities in Spanish and Portuguese. A case study: DíaHD/DiaHD In the international Digital Humanities arena there is an important debate centred on the ways that the structures and the academic and institutional dynamics of the Digital Humanities favour scholars from English-speaking countries to the detriment of academics from other parts of the world. One of the current challenges is the identification of digital humanists working in countries and languages beyond the English-speaking world. In this context, an event entitled Día de las humanidades digitales/Dia das humanidades digitais took place on the 10 June 2013. An event organised and promoted by groups and institutions that make up an international working group seeking to document the discourses, practices and methodologies that are developing in the Digital Humanities in Spanish and Portuguese. This paper seeks to investigate whether the discourses and practices within the Digital Humanities in these languages have features that distinguish them from those of the English-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

e-Research and Cyberinfrastructure programmes actively promote the development of new forms of scientific practice and collaboration through the implementation of tools and technologies that support distributed collaborative work across geographically dispersed research institutes and laboratories. Whilst originating in scientific domains, we have more recently seen a turn to the design of systems that support research practices in the social sciences and the arts and humanities. Attempts to embed large-scale infrastructures into research settings has brought to the fore the necessity of understanding the knowledge, skills and practices of researchers within a variety of disciplines that might use these technologies. In this paper, we consider an approach to gathering requirements through the introduction of various technical interventions for relatively short term periods so that we may come to an understanding their impact on routine work practices. Drawing upon an analysis of the detailed ways in which classicists work with digital images, we discuss the requirements for systems that support them as they collaborate in the interpretation of particular types of images. We discuss implications for the development of infrastructures to support research collaboration in this area and conclude with reflections upon the experiences gained from conducting naturalistic studies in parallel with design interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrative inquiry is a rapidly developing social sciences and humanities research methodology. In this paper we provide a brief history of this development, indicate some of the distinguishing features of different lines of narrative inquiry, and describe a practical line of work which explicitly addresses school-based research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing pressure for university researchers to secure 'end-user' support for their research projects. Yet the ways in which this imperative affects humanities researchers, operating in a science-centric funding environment, have not yet been fully explored. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study into the experiences of humanities researchers in securing competitive national funding for research involving collaborations with the private and public sector. It also provides quantitative data as to the funding behaviour of one of Australia's peak research funding bodies, the Australian Research Council (ARC). The findings clearly show that humanities researchers struggle to secure support for their research. There is also evidence to suggest that, despite rhetorical support from the ARC that it values research which provides cultural benefit, it too particularly prioritises research that promises economic advantages for both the project's partners and wider community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arts in healthcare in the United States is a field emerged from grassroots beginnings in the mid-twentieth century. Through an overview of the field's development as well as consideration of practice, research, and educational structures, this paper summarizes the current state of the field in the United States. Practice is explored in the context of types of programs, recent field assessments, geographic prevalence of programs, funding mechanisms, and organization of the field. Research is considered in the context of evaluation, traditional research, economic studies, theoretical frameworks, and academic centers, as well as non-academic centers that support field research. The final section explores education and training standards and programs conducted by universities and non-academic organizations, and the roles of the arts and humanities in the education of health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with an interesting theme for information professionals, which is the service historically offered to foster scientific research. During the XIXth century the Francisco de Zabálburu Library developed a large activity in spreading and communicating knowledge on social sciences and humanities. This study emphasizes the role of librarians in accessing to documentary sources and consolidating both formal and informal channels of scientific communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses one of the weaknesses of many rankings - the exclusion of the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) from university and discipline cluster ranking systems and examines some ways in which this situation can be corrected. In particular, it traces the development of indicators such as 'target expanded' citation analysis and tiering or ranking of outlets, including books and conferences as well as journals. It draws on experience in Australia, especially with the attempt to construct consensually derived tiered outlets for numerous disciplines including those in HASS in the context of the introduction of a new Research Quality Framework along the lines of similar exercises in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper to provides a state of art discussion of general elite theory by developing a taxonomy of the academic literature on this topic, based upon theoretical and historical criteria, and by discussing recent analytical tendencies in Latin America concerning the problem of intellectuals and technocrats. This field of study offers alternative research tools and important analytical keys for understanding current transformations in the exercise of political power, its legitimizing tools and the consequences of today's capitalist model for distinct forms of social regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the heated nature of our debates and arguments, we must of necessity move on into the future. In this brief paper, I present some ideas regarding future directions for HF research. I trust and believe that my colleagues will not only commit to looking into these topics, but also add their own to the list. Our combined efforts and energies channeled into these topics will move us further along as we seek answers to the severe socioeconomic and sociopolitical problems of people all over the world--especially in the developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a decade of human factor research, specifically the pioneering work of Adjibolosoo and the literature that his work has engendered. We argue that the framework that drives that passion requires some critical retooling if it is to provide the analytical sophistication for dealing with the complexities that characterize the development process. We also make the case that the framework puts forward several concepts that tend to be undertheorized, and their linkage to development assumed rather than critically demonstrated. A corollary to this is the fact that it is methodologically weak in that it fails to provide valid measures for the concepts that are supposed to be the basis for judging the success of human factor engineering efforts, and hence socio-economic development. We conclude with some suggestions for refining and strengthening the framework to make it theoretically and methodologically rigorous, and empirically robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the heated nature of our debates and arguments, we must of necessity move on into the future. In this brief paper, I present some ideas regarding future directions for HF research. I trust and believe that my colleagues will not only commit to looking into these topics, but also add their own to the list. Our combined efforts and energies channeled into these topics will move us further along as we seek answers to the severe socioeconomic and sociopolitical problems of people all over the world--especially in the developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses selected aspects of the work of the CTI Centre for Textual Studies, a Centre which has its roots in a 1984 initiative and ceased to operate in 1999. The work of the Centre was grounded in humanities computing, a subject area which itself has developed over time. The article compares earlier observations made by Joseph Raben and Susan Hockey about the integration of resources within humanities teaching and learning, to current realities. Its focus is the development of access to distributed resources, beginning with an interface between the early PC and the mainframe and ending with a vision of a humanities portal to distributed resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invites to submit papers about the property, interests and rights of the public and private sectors for the 21st Annual Conference of the Society for Applied Philosophy in May30-June 1, 2003.