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Pedoclimatic elements and smart technology act simultaneously on the biological processes of agricultural crops and on the level of harvest, which requires the study of their correlation to determine the continuous influence of these factors in obtaining the planned levels of production. In Romania, annually, over 2.1 million hectares of wheat are cultivated, with annual productions of over 10 million tons, placing wheat crops in the first place as economic importance. Knowing the management of natural resources in quantitative terms is especially valuable when we talk about their sustainable use. Our evaluation includes in this paper the relationship between the pedoclimatic resources of South-Eastern Romania and the zoning of wheat varieties in order to obtain superior quantitative and qualitative productions. The last 11 agricultural years are analyzed, both in terms of the influence of global warming and in terms of wheat zoning to obtain sustainable production to highlight the genetic potential of the varieties under the conditions of the Brailei Plain. A stability of the varieties Glosa, Miranda, Litera (varieties over 15 years old) was observed, but not least of the new ones created by the National Research and Development Institute from Fundulea such as: Pitar, Ursita, Adelina, Izvor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the dynamics of Sorghum cultivated area, production and yield in the decade 2010-2019 pointing out the position of Romania among the EU-28 producing countries, the relationship between production and yield using ANOVA, and regression analysis in terms of linear fit. The results showed that the cultivated area increase by 52.7 % in reaching 15,712 ha in 2019. The West and South West regions cultivate 81 % of Romania's cropped area with Sorghum. Production increased 3.2 times reaching 60 thousand tons in 2019, 80% being achieved by West region (63.4 %) and South West Oltenia (10.5%). Sorghum yield was doubled in 2018 achieving 3,819 kg/ha, the highest records being in North East and West. Romania is ranked the 4th in the EU-28 after France, Italy and Hungary for Sorghum cultivated surface, production and yield. Between production and yield is a positive and strong relationship, r = 0.842 and R² = 0.710, reflecting that 71 % of the variation of production is caused by yield change. The regression model Y = 0.0112 x + 13.424, shows that if Sorghum yield increases by one unit, production will grow by 13.43 units. Therefore, a higher productivity per surface unit will contribute to production growth. For this reason, farmers have to use modern technologies involving high potential varieties and hybrids, optimized tillage, fertilization, sowing depth, plant density, distance between rows, correct and timing application of the agricultural works, the use of modern equipments for tillage, sowing, crop maintenance and harvesting. The technologies have to be adapted to climate change, meaning the use of earlier cultivars, looking for a new depth of sowing where soil moisture content favours seeds germination and chose the best harvesting moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring a diverse range of grape varieties for fresh consumption, for as long as possible during a year, represents an equally important goal not only for producers but for traders as well. Our paper presents results regarding the evaluation of seven table grape varieties, six seeded varieties: 'Cardinal', 'Victoria', 'Muscat Hamburg', 'Alphonse Lavallée', 'Matilde', 'Black Magic' and one seedless variety, 'Attica', in specific pedo-climatic conditions from South-Western Romania. Observations, measurements and analyses were focused on: agrobiological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics (weight, length and width of bunch; berry weight, their length and width; grape yield, sugar content, titrable acidity, °Brix/acidity ratio). The assessment of vulnerability of table grape varieties at winter temperature conditions were also analysed. In the conditions of a low supply and high demand for table grapes at the end of July -middle of August in our country, the good productions and early harvesting of the 'Victoria', 'Black Magic' seeded varieties and 'Attica' seedless variety, represents a high market opportunity for Romanian table grape producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Dobrogea the culture of the peach tree has had great perspectives even from the beginning due to the extremely favorable climate. The peach species loves warm weather and has always found good growing and harvesting conditions in the south-eastern part of Romania. In this period, 7 Romanian and foreign peach tree cultivars were studied at Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Constanta: 'Mimi', 'Catherine sel.1', 'Springcrest', 'Raluca', 'Cardinal' 'Filip' and 'Cora'. This paper presents the manner in which certain peach tree cultivars reacted to frost in the springtime of 2020, 2021 and 2022, as well as the effect of the hail on Jun 14th, 2022 on the peach production. The greatest losses caused by the frost were registered in the spring-time of 2020 as far as the fructiferous buds are concerned: 90% at 'Springcrest', 80% at 'Cardinal', 60% at 'Raluca' and 'Filip', 40% at 'Mimi', 'Cora' and 'Catherine sel.1', 20%. The losses caused by the hail on July 14th, 2022 affected the production of the 'Springcrest' cultivar by 80% and of the 'Cardinal' and 'Cora' by 70%. The climatic changes that have been registered throughout the past 10 years have negatively influenced the culture of the peach tree and the effects have been classified according to the cultivar and its biology, as well as to the topographic placement of the allotments. The studies that have been carried out, together with the obtained results demonstrate the importance of choosing the cultivar assortment taking into account the favorability of the area, as well as the importance of installing anti-hail nets when setting up fruit-growing plantations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest, an important collection of fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes found in Romania and some introduced from Italy, was started in 2015 and since then its evaluation is in process. The paper presents the results regarding the behaviour of some fig genotypes grown in the climatic conditions of Northern area of Bucharest, using an organic crop technology. Fruits measurements in accordance with IPGRI descriptors are presented. Fruit biochemical characteristics as soluble solids, total solids, acidity, glucose and fructose content are also presented. All the analyzed parameters were influenced by the genotype. The results showed that some of the local and foreign genotypes had a late harvesting or very small fruits. The genotypes that produced good results concerning fruit quality, such as: size, biochemical composition and cracking resistance, will be studied in the next years in order to observe their productivity, earliness and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper was carried out radiography of the rice market in Romania, during 2007-2015. Romanian culinary tradition has a strong impact on the evolution of the rice market in our country. Rice is an important food for about 50% of the planet's population and its consumption has beneficial effects on the health of the population. In order to highlight the evolution of the rice market in Romania and the changes that have taken place on this market, a series of relevant indicators have been used, such as: rice areas cultivated at national and macro-regional level; Total rice production at national and macro-regional level; Average rice production at national and macroregional level; Rice prices; Consumption of rice at national level; Imports and exports of rice. During the analyzed period there was a positive evolution of this market because, on the one hand, we are witnessing an increase of rice surfaces and production, and on the other hand, we have identified changes in the consumption behavior of rice. Consumers in our country are aware of the rice-specific nutritional properties and have begun to use a range of varieties of this product. Rice consumption in Romania is about 4 kg rice / year /per capita. The statistical data used in the paper was provided by the National Institute of Statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the situation of Romania's vegetable market in the period 2007-2011 based on the statistical data regarding the main vegetables: tomatoes, onion, garlic, cabbage, green peppers and melons. The vegetable production increased by 33.99 from 3,166.8 tons in 2007 to 4,176.3 tons in 2011.This was due to the yield gain as follows: 58.55 % for melons, 27.62 % for green peppers, 27.05 % for tomatoes, 25.99 % for dry garlic, 24.96 % for dry onion, 12.61 % for white cabbage. In 2011, the contribution of various categories of vegetables to production was: 24.55 % white cabbage, 21.81 % tomatoes, 15.45 % melons, 9.44 % onion, 6.06 % green pepper, 1.59 % garlic and 21.1 % other vegetables. The contribution of the micro regions to vegetable production in 2011 was: 19.46 % South Muntenia, 18.95 % South East Romania, 17.30 % South West Oltenia, 15.92 % North East Romania, 10.43 % West Romania, 8.47 % North West Romania, 6.54 % Central Romania, 2.93 % Bucharest Ilfov. Vegetable production per inhabitant is higher in Romania compared to the average production per capita in the EU. The average consumption increased as a postive aspect reflecting the obtained production and import. Vegetable production should increase in order to cover much better the doestic market needs and support export to the EU market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From an economic and social point of view, the interest for the non-wood forest resources has increased during the last couple of years. Due to its varied landscape, Romania has as its disposal, besides wood as the main forest resource, a large diversity of non-wood resources. As such, the most important non-wood forest products are forest fruits, edible mushrooms, game and medicinal plants. The present study intends to emphasize the most representative forest fruits from Neam? County and to describe their harvesting process management. In order to establish this, an analytical hierarchic process based on certain criteria was created with the help of specialists from the domain. As such, it has been observed that cherries, blueberries and raspberry from Neam? County have a high market potential, while the harvesting process is a complex one, either manually or mechanically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we have analyzed and interpreted the main statistical indicators of potato produced in Romania. First of all, we start by presenting some information about potatoes: origin and appearance, their importance and necessity in the life of people and animals. Then on the basis of the specific statistical indicators, it was interpreted the evolution of the cultivated area, the percentage of the main counties in the cultivated area with potatoes, the average yield per hectare, as well as the import and export of potatoes in a given period. Each indicator was analyzed and corresponding remarks and conclusions have been drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burning crop residues is frequently used by Romanian land users to clean agricultural fields after crop harvest for ease in post-harvest soil tillage. Huge amounts of crop residues biomass, on very large areas, were burned in Romania in the last twenty years, as compared to other countries. There are several reasons (e.g. the lack of equipment to gather the crop residues and to transport and store them, the diminishing of the livestock after 1990, the absence of other alternatives, especially in the 1990s, but also the lack of information regarding the good practices) that are evocated to support the use of this method. However, this method is not a sustainable one since it can cause many environmental damages, especially related to soil properties (physical, chemical and biological), greenhouse gas emission and crop yields. Contrary to the above stated, crop residues' addition to the soil may restore damaged soil structure, improve aggregate stability, soil water retention, soil fertility, increase total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) etc. The purpose of this paper is to make a multicriteria analyze of the effects of crop residue management on the soil, agricultural productivity and environment. At the same time, the use of crop residues biomass as a source of energy is presented as an alternative, given its potential ability to offset fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From an archeological point of view, the territory of Sibiu depression can be included in the early stages of the process of anthropogenesis. Thus, the flint hand axe, the universal tool of the age, along with quartzite tools, silex scrapers, spearheads - all of them denoting the basic occupations of the age, namely hunting and harvesting - represent the Stone Age. The Neolithic period is archaeologically testified by the discoveries from Orlat, Şura Micā, Poplaca, Sibiu-Guşteri͕a, Cristian, Cisnādie, as well as by the populations of farmers and shepherds, who were carriers of Vinca, Turda, and Petresti cultures. During the Bronze Age, around 1700-800 B. C. the demographic density increases along with the number of close-knit settlements, some of them being fortified, and the main occupations were agriculture and fishing. The Geto-Dacian civilization during the Bronze Age is best illustrated by the discoveries from the rural settlements such as Mures Culture in southern Transylvania and the New Culture in southeastern Transylvania. The Dacian civilization from the Iron Age represented one of the most developed societies of the time, along with the Greek and the Roman ones. Hoards of metal objects, coins, smelting pots for metals, as well as adornments, represent the historical vestiges of the Dacian settlements discovered on the territory of Sibiu Depression. The process of Romanization, which had started long before the Roman conquest of Dacia due to the economic, political and cultural contacts, was accelerated after 106 A. D. The Dacians continued to live on the old territory, gradually accepting the new economic and socio-political framework established by the Roman rule, thus adapting to the new civilization, a process, which led to the birth of the Daco-Roman population. The Romanization continued even after the rule of the Roman Emperor Aurelianus, known in English as Aurelian (271-272 A. D. ), and the process of Romanization itself suffered the influence of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well. Archaeological research on this period has revealed the progression and the evolution of settlements in time, and the hierarchical organization of dwellings against a background, which was predominantly agricultural. Thus, an economy based on agro-pastoralism, indicating a sedentary, rural life, is of significant importance for Bratei culture, spread throughout the entire territory of Dacia. It also played an important part in the development of the later autochthonous Ipotesti-Candesti material culture (6th-7th century A. D. ) and especially Dridu culture (8th-11th century A. D. ), which confirmed the continuous existence of the population in Sibiu Depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of birch sap in spring has become, in the past decades, a regular practice in Romania, because of its multiple health benefits. Over the years, many collectors experienced unsatisfactory results in terms of the amount of sap harvested, usually attributed to the unpredictable spring weather of some years, with large variations from a day to another. The results of this study revealed that independently of weather conditions in spring, the best period of sap harvesting in North-East of Romania was between 25th of March - 5th of April, when the air temperatures did not exceed 15°C. Trees higher than 20 m were most productive. At the end of the growing season, tapped trees were smaller than those untapped. These results suggest that in time, the tapped trees are less productive due to loss of vigour rather than spring weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]