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Background: Cognitive reactivity to sad mood is a vulnerability marker of depression. Implicit self-depressed associations are related to depression status and reduced remission probability. It is unknown whether these cognitive vulnerabilities precede the first onset of depression. Aim: To test the predictive value of cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations for the incidence of depressive disorders. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 834 never-depressed individuals, followed over a two-year period. The predictive value of cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations for the onset of depressive disorders was assessed using binomial logistic regression. The multivariate model corrected for baseline levels of subclinical depressive symptoms, neuroticism, for the presence of a history of anxiety disorders, for family history of depressive or anxiety disorders, and for the incidence of negative life events. Results: As single predictors, both cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations were significantly associated with depression incidence. In the multivariate model, cognitive reactivity was significantly associated with depression incidence, together with baseline depressive symptoms and the number of negative life events, whereas implicit self-depressed associations were not. Conclusion: Cognitive reactivity to sad mood is associated with the incidence of depressive disorders, also when various other depression-related variables are controlled for. Implicit self-depressed associations predicted depression incidence in a bivariate test, but not when controlling for other predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) in currently depressed patients has no immediate effect on symptoms, but leads to transient symptom improvement or worsening the next day. In view of recent findings concerning the cognitive effects of serotonin manipulations, we used ATD in fourteen depressed patients to investigate whether cognitive effects following ATD predict symptom changes. We found that symptom improvement 24h after ATD was associated with an improved recall of positive words and with less attentional bias and recall of negative words, 5h after ATD. These results indicate that serotonergic alterations affect emotional processing which may subsequently lead to symptom changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cognitive reactivity (CR) is a psychological vulnerability marker of depression, whereas response to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a serotonergic challenge procedure) is a biological vulnerability marker. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these markers. Thirty-nine remitted depressed patients participated in 2 ATD sessions in a double-blind crossover design. CR, assessed prior to the ATD sessions, predicted depressive response to high-dose ATD. CR also diminished the effects of 2 known predictors of ATD response: gender and residual symptoms. Neuroticism and behavioral inhibition were unrelated to ATD response. CR is associated with an increased sensitivity to reductions of serotonin concentrations. These findings present a small step toward unifying cognitive and neurobiological theories of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]