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COVID-19 has required researchers to change methods to better reflect the new realities of social distancing, sheltering in place, and the use of extended quarantines to isolate from the community. The paper illustrates the implications of shifting recruitment strategies midstream with populations that are already normally considered 'hard-to-reach'. The population in this illustration involves mothers with young children in shared parenting arrangements across three Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario) who have experienced domestic violence. Due to public health protocols that required social distancing, strategies typically used to engage vulnerable populations in research, including collaborating with community service providers and face-to-face contact were no longer possible. With limited knowledge and resources, we pivoted our recruitment strategy from the use of posters in agencies to a paid Facebook advertisement strategy. Prior to our social media campaign, our time-intensive recruitment efforts had produced very few responses to our online survey. Our advertisement ran from March 13 to 12 July 2020 and Facebook reported that it 'reached' an approximate 42,488 viewers Through Facebook, we discovered a number of support groups for mothers with young children that only exist online. Rather than putting up posters in their settings, community service providers became online recruiters through their 'tweets', 'likes', and 'sharing' of our study. The impact of COVID-19 on our research has taught us about the power of social media as a recruitment strategy. Facebook is a useful tool to enhance research awareness and engagement with hard-to-reach populations even post COVID-19.

Presents a study which derived an optimal advertising rule for the sale of beef in an open market when a related substitute like chicken is production rationed and whose imports are subject to trade restrictions in Canada. Characteristics of the supply management of Canada's poultry sector; Economic framework of the study; Analysis of the optimal advertising rule; Application of the optimal advertising rule to the Canadian beef and chicken markets.

Objective: In 2018, Canada's Cannabis Act legalized adult recreational cannabis use and limited cannabis product advertising to adults. Cannabis product advertising to youth remains illegal. The extent to which adult-targeted, or illicit youth-targeted cannabis advertisements is reaching and impacting Canadian youth is unknown. We used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to describe how often and how much exposures to cannabis advertising influence Canadian youths' real-world, real-time intentions to use cannabis., Methods: 120 Ontario, Canada youths ages 14-18, took photos of cannabis advertising that they encountered in their natural environments over a period of nine consecutive days. Following each exposure and twice daily device-issued random prompts, they also rated their intentions to use cannabis., Results: Many participating youth (n = 85; 70.83 %) reported at least one cannabis advertising exposure during the study (range 1-30, M = 4.02). Exposures occurred through a range of advertising channels (e.g., internet ads, billboards). Multilevel modeling showed that youth advertising exposure increased cannabis use intentions in vivo (β = 0.06,SE = 0.03;t = 1.98;p =.04;n = 1,348)., Conclusion: Data from this study shows that cannabis advertisements are regularly reaching Canadian youth and increasing their intentions to use cannabis. This suggests that current Canadian prohibitions on cannabis advertising to youth are ineffective and/or ineffectively enforced, and that the Canadian government needs additional or enhanced prohibitions on cannabis promotion to protect youth from harms associated with increased advertisement exposure, such as increased cannabis use., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Embarking on a universitywide journal-hosting initiative can be a resource-intensive undertaking. Providing such a service, however, can be equally rewarding, as it positions the library as both partner and colleague in the publishing process. This paper discusses ideas and strategies for institutional journal hosting gleaned over two years by the York Digital Journals Project. Suggestions for startup including policy considerations and service models are discussed. Ideas for advertising and networking are explored as well as the question of project sustainability.

Increasing corporate sponsorship in public schools is seen by proponents as promoting change among pedagogic fundamentalists resisting innovation. Critics see it as predatory marketing among a captive audience, undermining educational credibility, focusing on employment at the expense of preparation for participation in society, and a disincentive for government to meet its obligation to fully fund public education. (TD)

Hails the vitality of the French language in the Quebec region as it manifests itself through advertisements, from political slogans to storefront signs. Discusses the relationship between the language of the Quebecois and their culture, and offers an effective visual commentary through numerous illustrations. (MES)

Purpose This paper presents an analysis of how health intersects with the experience of housing insecurity and homelessness, specifically for migrant women. The authors argue that it is important to understand the specificities of the interplay of these different factors to continue the advancement of our understanding and practice as advocates for health and housing security.Design/methodology/approach An exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach was adopted, using a broad definition of housing insecurity: from absolute homelessness (e.g. residing rough) to invisible homelessness (e.g. couch surfing) to those at risk of homelessness. In total, 26 newcomer (foreign-born women who came to live in Canada during the previous ten years, regardless of their immigration status) women were recruited in Montreal, Canada. Participants were recruited directly through advertisements in public places and in collaboration with community organizations (women's centers, homeless shelters, crisis centers, domestic violence shelters, immigrant settlement agencies and ethnic associations) and they self-identified as having experienced housing insecurity. Efforts were made to include a diversity of immigrant statuses as well as diversity in ethnicity, race, country of origin, family composition, sexual orientation, age and range of physical and mental ability. Women were engaged in semi-structured, open-ended interviews lasting approximately 1 h. Interviews were conducted in English or French in a location and time of participants' choosing.Findings The findings are presented around three themes: how health problems instigate and maintain migrant women's housing insecurity and homelessness; ways in which women's immigration trajectories and legal status may influence their health experiences; and particular coping strategies that migrant women employ in efforts to maintain or manage their health. The authors conclude with implications of these findings for both policy and practice in relation to migrant women who experience or are at risk of housing insecurity and homelessness.Originality/value Intersections of women experiencing migration and housing insecurity in Canadian contexts have rarely been examined. This paper addresses a gap in the literature in terms of topic and context, but also in terms of sharing the voices of migrant women with direct experience with housing insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on advertising and editorial independence in Canada. In the fall of 1919, a confidential pamphlet was circulated to members of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association proposing a new kind of advertising agency. The author was Gilbert M. Murray, a former general manager of the association. The advertising agency he proposed would not write copy, draft illustrations or even plan marketing campaigns--services that all competitive agencies were then providing, instead, Murray proposed that this new agency serve only as a counsel regarding the purchase of space in Canada's 1000 newspapers and magazines. Its criteria would be political. Its goal would be to prevent advertisers from using any periodical that advocated reciprocity with the United States, supported unions or attacked corporate Canada in any way. The "Murray scheme," as it became known, sat at the intersection of several trends in the Canadian advertising trade. Daily newspapers then enjoyed the highest circulation figures they had ever seen. National consumer magazines were enjoying their first taste of success.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors contributing to the historic loss of market share experienced by Rothmans Benson & Hedges (RBH), Canada's second largest tobacco firm.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study of the marketing of RBH flagship cigarette brand Rothmans between 1957 and 2000, comparing its performance with brands owned by market leader Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd (ITL).Findings – Sometimes it is no fun at all being a marketer. You have a generous advertising budget, follow the rules of strategic brand management, make sure your brand communications are consistent with the historical brand identity – and yet your market share declines. Take the case of RBH – historically Canada's second-largest seller of cigarettes – which saw its market share slide from 43 percent in 1975 to a mere 17 percent by the mid-1990s. It does not help of course if the government decides to introduce regulations restricting where and how you can advertise, but other tobacco firms seemed to adapt more successfully, gaining ground in key consumer segments. What went wrong for Rothmans?Practical implications – The paper highlights the importance of contemporary references and imagery in enabling a brand to keep pace with changes in the target market.Social implications – The paper shows how legislation intended to restrict product advertising can have unintended consequences as firms use creative marketing to exploit loopholes in regulation.Originality/value – The paper draws on internal corporate documents made public through tobacco industry legal challenges to Canada's Tobacco Products Control Act (TPCA), in addition to trade press and promotional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mortgage lenders often combine a variety of framing strategies when developing mortgage advertisements. To date, these frames have mostly been studied separately. This paper, however, studies the combined framing effects of message valence, specificity, and temporality on consumers' mortgage decision-making. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed methods design was used. First, 13 unique print ads collected from a Canadian newspaper were analyzed for content. Second, a 2 × 2 × 2 scenario-based experiment with 400 undergraduate participants examined the framing effects of valence, specificity and temporality on attitudes toward the mortgage advertising message, the product advertised, and the brand, as well as on consumers' behavioral intentions toward the advertised mortgage product. Findings: The content analysis suggests that combined framing does exist in print ads. A positive message with a fixed term and a specific interest rate were the most commonly used frames. The experiment revealed that, for behavioral intentions, the main effect of the message temporality was significant. The effects of advertising a long-term mortgage on behavioral intentions were more favorable than those of advertising a short-term mortgage. Practical implications: This research provides a combined framing model for designing advertising strategies for the financial services industry to market complex financial products, such as mortgage loans to consumers. This is relevant to lenders when designing a persuasive package or ads for potential customers. Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind to investigate the effects of combinations of message frames on consumers' mortgage decision-making, while also advancing the understanding of message framing theory for the financial services industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Supreme Court of Canada has established that commercial speech is protected under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and that commercial speech exists along a continuum of utility and value, which is balanced against objectives such as public health. This article examines jurisprudence to determine when infringements on commercial speech are acceptable, analyzing considerations of evidence, rational connections between policies and outcomes, proportionality, and minimal impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of globalization, nations have increasingly become the object of both production and consumption. Consequently, directly or indirectly citizens are being conceptualized, appealed to and transformed into consumers. A key driving force in this transformation is the diverse range of multinational corporations (MNCs) that engage in what is referred to ascorporate nationalism– a process that seeks to capitalize upon the nation as a source of collective identification. This paper sets forth to explore (1) the nature and significance of corporate nationalism within the context of globalization; (2) the nature and significance of the ‘holy trinity’ – sport, beer and masculinity; (3) a case study of one specific Molson Canadian beer advertising campaign to illustrate how it serves as a manual of both masculinity and national identity in Canada; (4) the role of cultural intermediaries in reproducing dominant forms of masculinity; and (5) the implications of corporate nationalism and the holy trinity for understanding the reproduction of masculinity in an increasingly global world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product placement, the purposeful incorporation of commercial content into non-commercial settings, is a controversial form of advertisement. This paper compares the policy processes and diverging regimes for product placement in the European Union and Canada. While the new EU regime is restrictive, the Canadian regime is much more open to the purposeful incorporation of commercial content via product placement. We find that actor-centered approaches do not sufficiently explain the different outcomes, the different policy trajectories and the different policy frames in these two cases. To explain the differences in policy processes and outcomes, we analyze the different policy frames, the different discourses, and actors' positions at the issue-expansion stage of the policy process. We find that regulators in both the EU and Canada have been successful in framing the issue and that, consequently, different policy regimes have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmaceutical sector is unusual amongst global regulated industries inasmuch as it is usually forbidden from advertising to the users of its products. This paper reports on research updating my 2003 review 2 of the evidence and arguments for and against the direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs. It not only covers the two countries where significant DTCA is permitted (USA and New Zealand), but also the administrations in which there is active discussion of possibilities to ease or amend some of the current restrictions (Europe, Australia and Canada). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceuticalisation is a complex phenomenon, co-constitutive of what scholars identify as a pharmaceutical regime, comprised of networks of actors, institutions and artefacts as well as cognitive structures that underlie the production, promotion and use of medications. The aim of this paper is to explore the linkages between different components of this pharmaceutical regime through the analysis of psychotropic drug advertising in Canadian medical journals between 1950 and 1990. Advertisements stand at the nexus of macro-level processes related to the development, regulation and marketing of new drug treatments and of micro-level processes related to the use of these drug treatments, both by clinicians and lay persons. We thus examine advertisements from the angle of the mental and classificatory universes to which doctors were exposed through direct-to-prescriber advertisement strategies implemented during this period. Furthermore, we explore to what extent the rationale behind advertisements was permeated by both scientific/professional and popular narratives of mind-body connections. This paper demonstrates that, although this period was marked by paradigm shifts in the classification of mental diseases, the development of modern psychopharmacology, and the questioning of the scientific legitimacy of psychiatry, advertisements unveil a remarkable continuity: that of the mass management of anxiety-depressive disorders by primary care physicians through psychotropic drugs. Also, despite the effective resistance to specificity as shown by the constant redefinitions of diagnostic categories and therapeutic indications, our analysis suggests that the language of specificity used in the promotion of new drugs and in the various narratives of mind-body connection may have been appealing to general practitioners. Finally, our study of the classes of psychoactive medications that have been in use for over half a century reveals a complex, non-linear dynamic of pharmaceuticalisation and de-pharmaceuticalisation., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Drawing from a collection of over 160 North American print advertisements for anti-aging skin care products from January to December of 2009, this paper examines the discourse of agelessness, a vision of esthetic perfection and optimal health that is continually referred to by gerontologists, cultural theorists, and scientific researchers as a state of being to which humankind can aspire. Employing critical discourse analysis through the use of semiotics and visual rhetoric, this paper explores the means through which anti-aging skin care advertisements present to their viewers a particular object of desire, looking, more specifically, at how agelessness is presented as a way out and ultimate transcendence of age. Through the analytical tools of semiotics and visual rhetoric, four visions of agelessness are identified and explored in this paper: Agelessness as Scientific Purity, Agelessness as Genetic Impulse, Agelessness as Nature's Essence, and Agelessness as Myth. Whether found in the heights of scientific purity, the inner core of our genetic impulse, the depths of nature's essence, or whether agelessness itself has reached its own, untouchable, mythic status, the advertisements in this study represent one of the most pervasive vehicles through which our current vision(s) of ageless perfection are reflected, reinforced, and suspended in a drop of cream., (Copyright © 2013 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The current systematic review aimed to identify and critically appraise research on food environments in sports settings, including research into the types of food and beverages available, the extent and impact of food and beverage sponsorship and marketing, and views about food environments among key stakeholders., Design: A systematic review. Fourteen English-language studies (two were papers describing different facets of the same study), published between 1985 and 2011, were identified from searches of electronic databases and bibliographies of primary studies., Setting: Most studies originated from Australia (n 10), with the remaining studies originating in the UK (n 1), New Zealand (n 1), the USA (n 1) and Canada (n 1). Data were collected from observations in stadia, websites and televised sports events, through in-depth interviews, focus groups and surveys with sports club members, parents and quick serve restaurant managers., Results: Literature exploring food environments in sports settings was limited and had some important methodological limitations. No studies comprehensively described foods available at clubs or stadia, and only one explored the association between food and beverage sponsorship and club incomes. Club policies focused on the impact of health promotion funding rather than the impact of sponsorship or food availability in sports settings., Conclusions: Further research, including comprehensive studies of the food environment in sports settings, is required to document the availability, sponsorship and marketing of food and beverages at national, regional and club levels and to estimate how sports settings may influence children's diets.

Aim: This paper examines how smokers' beliefs about 'light/mild' cigarettes in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom were affected by the removal of misleading 'light/mild' terms from packs., Design, Setting and Participants:   The data come from the first seven waves (2002-09) of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Four-Country Survey, an annual cohort telephone survey of adult smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia (21 613 individual cases). 'Light' and 'mild' descriptors were removed in 2003 in the United Kingdom, in 2006 in Australia and in 2007 in Canada. We compare beliefs about 'light' cigarettes both before and after the bans, with those of smokers in the United States serving as the control condition., Measures:   Smokers' beliefs about 'light' cigarettes were assessed using a set of statements rated on a five-point 'agree'-'disagree' scale., Findings:   The proportions of respondents reporting misperceptions about light cigarettes declined between 2002 and 2009 in all four countries. There were marked temporary reductions in reported misperceptions in the United Kingdom and Australia, but not in Canada, following the removal of 'light/mild' descriptors., Conclusions:   Removal of 'light/mild' descriptors and tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide yield information from cigarette packs is insufficient to effectively eliminate false beliefs. The combination of alternative descriptors and design features that produce differences in taste strength and harshness, independent of actual intakes, are sufficient to produce or sustain the same misbeliefs., (© 2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction.)

A recent addition to the debate about the benefits and harms of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of medicines and pharmaceuticals is a growing critique of DTC marketing and sale of genetic tests. Academic and policy literatures exploring this issue have, however, tended to focus on the sale of genetic tests, paying rather less attention to the particular implications of advertising. The globalization of broadcast media and ever increasing access to the Internet mean that public exposure to advertising for medical technologies is a reality that national regulatory bodies will be hard pressed to constrain. Working through a case study detailing Myriad Genetics' 2002 pilot advertising campaign for their BRACAnalysis genetic susceptibility test for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, this paper highlights some of the diverse and often overlooked and unregulated approaches to DTC advertising, and the associated social, ethical and policy implications.

In this paper, we provide as accurate a picture as possible of transnational trade in human eggs involving Canadians. We explain the legal status in Canada, and call for reform in the regulation, of such trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sample of Canadian housewives was exposed to three levels of life style advertising message congruency. On the basis of inferred product attributes, the results indicate that message-receiver congruence may be a valid marketing communications strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some or all of the promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies are typically governed through self-regulatory codes administered by industry associations. However, the conflicts between the commercial objectives and the ethical and scientific goals of promotion can potentially lead to serious weaknesses in the way in which these codes are enforced. This paper focuses on 5 critical aspects involved in the enforcement of codes governing pharmaceutical promotion: mechanisms for recognizing violations, composition of monitoring committees, sanctions for code violations, the quantity and quality of information in reports issued about complaints and code violations, and the circulation these reports receive. The Code of Marketing Practices of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Canada (PMAC) has serious weaknesses in all of these areas. Although the Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board's Code of Advertising Acceptance avoids many of the deficiencies of the PMAC code, it, too, has weaknesses. Proposals for strengthening the enforcement of both codes are offered.

This paper examines the effect of banning broadcast advertising of alcoholic beverages. The data used in this study are a pooled time series from 17 countries for the period 1970 to 1983. The empirical results show that countries with bans on spirits advertising have about 16% lower alcohol consumption than countries with no bans and that countries with bans on beer and wine advertising have about 11% lower alcohol consumption than countries with bans only on spirits advertising.

This paper uses constituency-level political campaign expenditures to analyse the impact of competition on advertising. A theoretical model, based on expected utility maximization, predicts an uncertain impact of increased competition on campaign spending. The direction of this impact is tested using data from the 1979 and 1980 Canadian federal elections. Competition is found to have a positive effect on spending, and several other plausible hypotheses of expenditure determination are rejected. These include constant spending per voter or per constituency, the random allocation of funds, and spending based on incumbency, ministerial status, or the spending of other political parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the need for a newsprint industry in Canada as of August 1979. Discussion on the adjustment of circulation; Problems with advertising rates.

The article discusses marketing performing arts in Canada. The arts are big business in Canada. A recent federal study estimates that the arts sector is the largest employer of the 22 manufacturing sectors in Canada with 234,000 employees in 1984. Within the arts sector, two kinds of performing arts companies operate in Canada: profit-making companies whose repertoire is determined solely by popularity and which have a limited 'bottom-line orientation, and non-profit companies which serve multiple constituencies (audiences, corporate donors, individual donors and governments) and have complex goals such as furthering the art form, developing Canadian talent, educating the public, or producing new artistic work. The latter group of companies is that which specialises in what is often termed, for want of a better word, 'high' culture. These community-based companies, which produce ballet, theatre, music and opera financed by government grants, charitable donations and ticket revenues, are the subject of this paper. In practice, although the arts in Canada operate within a hierarchy of local, regional, national and multinational markets, it is the local community in which both production and consumption of art takes place.

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Although most countries now have at least some restrictions on tobacco marketing, the tobacco industry meet these restrictions by re-allocating expenditure to unregulated channels, such as at point-of-purchase. Methods Longitudinal data from 10 Canadian provinces in the International Tobacco Control Survey was analysed to examine adult smokers' support for a ban on tobacco advertising and displays in stores and whether this support is associated with noticing either advertising or displays in stores, and quit intentions, over time. In total, there were 4580 respondents in wave 5 (October 2006 to February 2007), wave 6 (September 2007 to February 2008) and wave 7 (October 2008 to June 2009). The surveys were conducted before, during and in some cases after the implementation of display bans in most Canadian provinces and territories. Results Smokers in all provinces showed strong support for a ban on tobacco displays over the study period. Levels of support for an advertising and display ban were comparable between Canadian provinces over time, irrespective of whether they had been banned or not. Noticing tobacco displays and signs in-store was demonstrably less likely to predict support for displays (OR=0.73, p=0.005) and advertising (OR=0.78, p=0.02) ban, respectively. Smokers intending to quit were more likely to support advertising and display bans over time. Conclusion This study serves as a timely reminder that the implementation of tobacco control measures, such as the removal of tobacco displays, appear to sustain support among smokers, those most likely to oppose such measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an emphasis on runaway slave advertisements in Quebec's eighteenth-century newspapers as part of the recovery of Canada's marginalised slaveholding past. However, as a close and holistic reading of the newspapers shows, the advertisements circulated alongside a higher number of texts relating to slavery in the wider Americas. The editors of the Quebec Gazette and the Montreal Gazette reprinted texts first published in Britain and France during the international slave-trade debates and from these they constructed a coherent local anti-slave-trade sentiment. Editors placed runaway slave advertisements alongside a general anti-slave-trade sentiment, and these contradictory texts circulated alongside one another. Canadian newspapers, their editors and readers were far more engaged with transatlantic slave-trade debates than has previously been understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]