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Context: The coherent electron/spin transport in azurin, a species of copper protein, was calculated based on the Landauer model. The research is motivated by the fast electron transport and spin selectivity/polarization in azurin, which have been reported in relation to the chiral-induced spin selectivity of the peptide structure. The calculated spin polarization of copper proteins was large. This phenomenon was strongly influenced by the spin density of the atoms in the ligand group, whereas the contribution of copper was negligible. The results suggest that spin polarization in copper proteins is enhanced by that of the ligand groups. The predicted spin polarization aligns primarily with the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique to study the electronic properties of single-molecule junctions. Methods: Computational techniques employed in this study are nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) and density functional theory (DFT) based on the Landauer model, implemented using the QuantumATK software (Synopsys Inc.). The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional was adopted for spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation (SGGA). The valence atomic orbitals were constructed using the wavefunctions of the SIESTA package, which was based on the norm-conserving Troullier–Martins relativistic pseudopotentials for describing core electrons. The mesh used for real-space integration was 150 Ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)‐oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis is detected from the spin torque‐induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST‐FMR), and the z‐spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2. Further, the current‐induced modulation of damping is used to quantify the damping‐like torque efficiency (ξDL) in RuO2/Py, and an anisotropic ξDL is obtained and maximized for the current along the [010] direction, which increases with the reduction of the temperature, indicating the present of ASSE. Next, by way of spin pumping measurement, the inverse altermagnetic spin splitting effect (IASSE) is studied, which also shows a crystal direction‐dependent anisotropic behavior and temperature‐dependent behavior. This work gives a comprehensive study of the direct and inverse ASSE effects in the altermagnetic RuO2, inspiring future altermagnetic materials and devices with flexible control of spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)‐oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis is detected from the spin torque‐induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST‐FMR), and the z‐spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2. Further, the current‐induced modulation of damping is used to quantify the damping‐like torque efficiency (ξDL) in RuO2/Py, and an anisotropic ξDL is obtained and maximized for the current along the [010] direction, which increases with the reduction of the temperature, indicating the present of ASSE. Next, by way of spin pumping measurement, the inverse altermagnetic spin splitting effect (IASSE) is studied, which also shows a crystal direction‐dependent anisotropic behavior and temperature‐dependent behavior. This work gives a comprehensive study of the direct and inverse ASSE effects in the altermagnetic RuO2, inspiring future altermagnetic materials and devices with flexible control of spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays there is considerable interest in the photogalvanic effect in low-dimensional devices. In this work, we built a two-dimensional Bi2C-based photodetector and explored the spin-dependent photogalvanic effect under linearly polarized light and zero-bias conditions which can produce experimentally observable photoelectron flow. It was discovered that by introducing vacancies and substitution-doping into the Bi2C photodetector, the photogalvanic effect could be enhanced by 10–100 times that of a pristine photodetector, which is sufficient to be detected in experiments. Moreover, due to strong spin–orbit interactions, the Bi2C photodetector can produce very high spin polarization, even 100% full spin polarization, and pure spin current at a specific incident angle and photon energy, for example in the Bi1-vacancy Bi2C photodetector. In addition, the photon energy of incident light can regulate the produced spin photocurrent, which shows considerable anisotropy. Our results highlight the potential of the Bi2C photodetector as a versatile device in optoelectronics and spintronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The efficiency of CO 2 photocatalytic reduction is severely limited by inefficient separation and sluggish transfer. In this study, spin polarization was induced and built-in electric field was strengthened via Co doping in the BiVO 4 cell to boost photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Results showed that owing to the generation of spin-polarized electrons upon Co doping, carrier separation and photocurrent production of the Co-doped BiVO 4 were enhanced. CO production during CO 2 photocatalytic reduction from the Co-BiVO 4 was 61.6 times of the BiVO 4. Notably, application of an external magnetic field (100 mT) further boosted photocatalytic CO 2 reduction from the Co-BiVO 4 , with 68.25 folds improvement of CO production compared to pristine BiVO 4. The existence of a built-in electric field (IEF) was demonstrated through density functional theory (DFT) simulations and kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Mechanism insights could be elucidated as follows: doping of magnetic Co into the BiVO 4 resulted in increased the number of spin-polarized photo-excited carriers, and application of a magnetic field led to an augmentation of intrinsic electric field due to a dipole shift, thereby extending carrier lifetime and suppressing charges recombination. Additionally, HCOO− was a crucial intermediate in the process of CO 2 RR, and possible pathways for CO 2 reduction were proposed. This study highlights the significance of built-in electric fields and the important role of spin polarization for promotion of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen evolution reaction, which involves high overpotential and slow charge-transport kinetics, plays a critical role in determining the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting. The chiral-induced spin selectivity phenomenon has been utilized to reduce by-product production and hinder charge recombination. To fully exploit the spin polarization effect, we herein propose a dual spin-controlled perovskite photoelectrode. The three-dimensional (3D) perovskite serves as a light absorber while the two-dimensional (2D) chiral perovskite functions as a spin polarizer to align the spin states of charge carriers. Compared to other investigated chiral organic cations, R-/S-naphthyl ethylamine enable strong spin-orbital coupling due to strengthened π–π stacking interactions. The resulting naphthyl ethylamine-based chiral 2D/3D perovskite photoelectrodes achieved a high spin polarizability of 75%. Moreover, spin relaxation was prevented by employing a chiral spin-selective L-NiFeOOH catalyst, which enables the secondary spin alignment to promote the generation of triplet oxygen. This dual spin-controlled 2D/3D perovskite photoanode achieves a 13.17% of applied-bias photon-to-current efficiency. Here, after connecting the perovskite photocathode with L-NiFeOOH/S-naphthyl ethylamine 2D/3D photoanode in series, the resulting co-planar water-splitting device exhibited a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 12.55%. Enhancing the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting is challenging but highly interesting. Here the authors report a dual spin-controlled 2D/3D perovskite photoelectrode that achieves 12.55% efficiency by utilizing the chiral-induced spin selectivity phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered group IV–VI compounds (i.e., SnSe, SnS, GeSe, and GeS) in the puckered structure resembling black‐phosphorene (BlackP) have attracted increasing interest because of their intriguing ferroic orders and outstanding thermoelectric properties. By invoking the guiding principles of isovalency and isomorphism for promoting van der Waals epitaxy, and based on comprehensive first‐principles calculations, here it is shown that the typically metastable BlackP‐like GeTe can be readily stabilized on the (001) surface of isostructural SnSe. Importantly, the ferroelectricity of such a BlackP‐like GeTe monolayer can be substantially enhanced compared to the freestanding state, due to the substrate enlarged in‐plane polar displacements. The GeTe/SnSe heterobilayer exhibits multiple ferroelectric/ferrielectric polarization states, which can be exploited for high‐density memory devices. These mutually switchable polarization states are also shown to be internally locked with the spin polarization of the valence/conduction bands with pronounced Rashba spin‐orbit splitting and Berry curvature dipole. These findings highlight the intuitive yet enabling power of van der Waals imprinting in growing novel 2D materials for enriched functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flat bands in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) provide an especially rich arena to investigate interaction-driven ground states. While progress has been made in identifying the correlated insulators and their excitations at commensurate moiré filling factors, the spin-valley polarizations of the topological states that emerge at high magnetic field remain unknown. Here we introduce a technique based on twist-decoupled van der Waals layers that enables measurement of their electronic band structure and–by studying the backscattering between counter-propagating edge states–the determination of the relative spin polarization of their edge modes. We find that the symmetry-broken quantum Hall states that extend from the charge neutrality point in MATBG are spin unpolarized at even integer filling factors. The measurements also indicate that the correlated Chern insulator emerging from half filling of the flat valence band is spin unpolarized and suggest that its conduction band counterpart may be spin polarized. The hierarchy of symmetry breaking in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene remains a topic of intense fundamental study. Here, the authors determine the spin polarization of symmetry-broken quantum Hall states and Chern insulators in MATBG using a twist-decoupled graphene probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of magnetic transition metal dichalcogenides has significantly advanced the development of valleytronics due to the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry and space-inversion symmetry. However, the lack of regulation methods has prevented researchers from exploring their potential applications. Herein, we propose to use strain engineering to control the spin-valley coupling in the sliding ferroelectric bilayer 2H-VX2 (X = S, Se, Te). Four multiferroic states are constructed by combining the sliding ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in the R-stacking bilayer VX2, where the spin and valley polarizations are coupled together from the layer-dependent spin-polarized band structures. By applying a small external strain or pressure on the out-of-plane van der Waals direction, we predicted that there is an antiferromagnetic to magnetic transition in the bilayer VX2, leading to the interesting spin-polarized and chiral circularly polarized radiation at K+ and K- valleys, similar to those found in the magnetic monolayer. To comprehend the coupling between various degrees of freedom in these multiferroic systems, we have developed an effective k·p model. This model unveils a linear relationship between the electric polarization generated by interlayer sliding and the energy difference of the valence band maximum at K+ and K- valleys. Thus, providing an alternate method to measure the electric polarization in the sliding ferroelectrics. Based on the strong coupling between the strain, spin-valley, and electric polarization, it is likely to use the strain to control the interesting emerging properties of 2H-VX2 such as the anomalous valley Hall effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we investigate the effect of tilt mismatch on the quantum oscillations of spin transport properties in two-dimensional asymmetrically tilted Dirac cone systems. This study involves the examination of conductance oscillation in two distinct junction types: transverse- and longitudinal-tilted Dirac cones (TTDCs and LTDCs). Our findings reveal an unusual quantum oscillation of spin-polarized conductance within the TTDC system, characterized by two distinct anomaly patterns within a single period, labeled as the linear conductance phase and the oscillatory conductance phase. Interestingly, these phases emerge in association with tilt-induced orbital pseudo-magnetization and exchange interaction. Our study also demonstrates that the structure of the LTDC can modify the frequency of spin conductance oscillation, and the asymmetric effect within this structure results in a quantum beating pattern in oscillatory spin conductance. We note that an enhancement in the asymmetric longitudinal tilt velocity ratio within the structure correspondingly amplifies the beating frequency. Our research potentially contributes valuable insights for detecting the asymmetry of tilted Dirac fermions in type-I Dirac semimetal-based spintronics and quantum devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the spin transport characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions based on half-metallic Heusler holds significance, not only in unraveling the fundamental physics at play but also in advancing applications of spintronic devices. Here, density functional theory in conjunction with non-equilibrium Green's functions has been systematically employed to investigate two prominent Heusler alloys, Co2CrAl and CoFeCrAl, which are of direct interest to the candidates of magnetic tunnel junction. The electronic structures of two Hesler alloys reveal that both exhibit characteristics of half-metallic ferromagnets, featuring a substantial spin-down bandgap and achieving 100% spin polarization. The tunneling magnetoresistance ratios obtained for Co2CrAl/AlP/Co2CrAl and CoFeCrAl/AlP/CoFeCrAl magnetic tunnel junctions are determined to be 173% and 59%, respectively, with the former exhibiting superior device characteristics. Therefore, the Co2CrAl/AlP-based magnetic tunnel junction demonstrates ideal performance, providing new opportunities for two-dimensional spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interference of two and four light beams with linear or circular polarization is studied analytically and numerically based on the Richards–Wolf formalism. We consider such characteristics of the interference fields as the distribution of intensity, polarization, and spin angular momentum density. The generation of light fields with 1D and 2D periodic structure of both intensity and polarization is demonstrated. We can control the periodic structure both by changing the polarization state of the interfering beams and by changing the numerical aperture of focusing. We consider examples with a basic configuration, as well as those with a certain symmetry in the polarization state of the interfering beams. In some cases, increasing the numerical aperture of the focusing system significantly affects the generated distributions of both intensity and polarization. Experimental results, obtained using a polarization video camera, are in good agreement with the simulation results. The considered light fields can be used in laser processing of thin films of photosensitive (as well as polarization-sensitive) materials in order to create arrays of various ordered nano- and microstructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolism is a fundamental process that underlies human health and diseases. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques offer a powerful approach to identify metabolic processes and track the flux of metabolites at the molecular level in living systems. An in vitro study through in-cell NMR tracks metabolites in real time and investigates protein structures and dynamics in a state close to their most natural environment. This technique characterizes metabolites and proteins involved in metabolic pathways in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables whole-organism metabolic monitoring by visualizing the spatial distribution of metabolites and targeted proteins. One limitation of these NMR techniques is the sensitivity, for which a possible improved approach is through isotopic enrichment or hyperpolarization methods, including dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). DNP involves the transfer of high polarization from electronic spins of radicals to surrounding nuclear spins for signal enhancements, allowing the detection of low-abundance metabolites and real-time monitoring of metabolic activities. PHIP enables the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from parahydrogen to other nuclei for signal enhancements, particularly in proton NMR, and has been applied in studies of enzymatic reactions and cell signaling. This review provides an overview of in-cell NMR, in vivo MRS, and hyperpolarization techniques, highlighting their applications in metabolic studies and discussing challenges and future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Randomly mixing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) elements in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can create fluctuating local magnetic moments that influence the energetics of point defects. In this study, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate the influence of magnetic properties on vacancy migration energy in Fe49.5Mn29.4Co10.1Cr10.1C0.9, alongside equiatomic NiCoFeCrMn alloy. By examining structures with paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and no spin polarization, our study reveals significant impacts of magnetic interactions on vacancy migration barriers, potentially altering the sequence of elemental migration energies if overlooked. In Fe49.5Mn29.4Co10.1Cr10.1C0.9, the order of vacancy migration barriers is Co > Fe > Mn > Cr across all magnetic states, suggesting the dominant roles of atomic properties and inherent chemical bonding. Conversely, the NiCoFeCrMn HEA exhibits a pronounced magnetic state-dependent elemental migration energy order, indicating that magnetic interactions significantly influence vacancy migration behavior in this alloy. In addition, while FM elements generally exhibit higher migration barriers, AFM elements display lower barriers in the investigated Cantor alloys, with notable variations between the studied compositions. These findings underscore the critical role of magnetism in accurate migration energy calculations, which is important for studying chemically biased diffusion and radiation-induced segregation in HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) have emerged as low‐cost and free‐standing alternates of traditional quantum wells. The giant heavy‐ and light‐hole splitting in NPLs allows for efficient optical spin injection. However, the electron spin lifetimes for prototypical CdSe NPLs are within a few picoseconds, likely limited by strong electron‐hole exchange in these quantum‐ and dielectric‐confined materials. Here how this hurdle can be overcome with engineered NPL‐heterostructures is demonstrated. By constructing type‐I CdSe/ZnS core/shell NPLs, dielectric screening inside the core is strongly enhanced, prolonging the electron spin polarization time (τesp) to over 30 ps (or 60 ps electron spin‐flip time). Alternatively, by growing type‐II CdSe/CdTe core/crown NPLs to spatially separate electron and hole wavefunctions, the electron‐hole exchange is strongly suppressed, resulting in τesp as long as 300 ps at room temperature. This study not only exemplifies how the well‐established synthetic chemistry of colloidal heterostructures can aid in spin dynamics control but also establishes the feasibility of room‐temperature coherent spin manipulation in colloidal NPLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergent phenomena such as two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and interfacial superconductivity and ferromagnetism are generally built on the interface between insulating oxide thin films and substrates, e.g., LaAlO3/SrTiO3, where the 2D profiles of these electronic states are precisely confined at the interface of two insulators. Herein we report a high-mobility electron gas state with unusual symmetry at the interface of the Sr2CrMoO6/SrTiO3 (110) heterostructures, the fermiology of which follows the cubic crystallographic symmetry rather than the two-dimensional interface itself, resulting in the identical Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with applied magnetic field along all the twelve equivalent [110] crystallographic directions of SrTiO3, distinctly different from the 2D nature of the electron gas reported previously. Neutron diffraction verifies the predicted ferrimagnetic ordering between Cr and Mo moments. This, together with the magnetic hysteresis loops and negative magnetoresistance in low-field region, suggests possible spin polarization of itinerant electrons. Therefore, a quasi-3D profile, high mobility (up to 104 cm2 V−1 s−1) and possibly spin polarized electronic state is observed in the double-perovskite-based oxide heterostructures. This finding of the electronic properties in Sr2CrMoO6/SrTiO3 (110) heterostructure expands the knowledge of interfacial physics, as well as shines light on oxide-based electronics and spintronics research. The existence of electron gas at the interfaces of oxide-based heterostructures with broken spatial inversion symmetry gives rise to various interesting physical phenomena. Here, the authors report a new type quasi-three-dimensional electron gas state at the interface of ferrimagnetic semiconductor-strontium titanate heterostructures, which show high mobility, high valley degeneracy and possible spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization and spin correlations have been studied in detail for top quarks at the LHC, but have been explored very little for the other flavors of quarks. In this paper we consider the processes pp → with q = b, c or s. Utilizing the partial preservation of the quark's spin information in baryons in the jet produced by the quark, we examine possible analysis strategies for ATLAS and CMS to measure the quark polarization and spin correlations. We find polarization measurements for the b and c quarks to be feasible, even with the currently available datasets. Spin correlation measurements for are possible using the CMS Run 2 parked data, while such measurements for will become possible with higher integrated luminosity. For the s quark, we find the measurements to be challenging with the standard triggers. We also provide leading-order QCD predictions for the polarization and spin correlations expected in the and samples with the cuts envisioned for the above analyses. Apart from establishing experimentally the existence of spin correlations in and systems produced in pp collisions, the proposed measurements can provide new information on the polarization transfer from quarks to baryons and might even be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the spin-dependent vibrational properties of HKUST-1, a metal–organic framework with potential applications in gas storage and separation. Employing density functional theory (DFT), we explore the consequences of spin couplings in the copper paddle wheels (as the secondary building units of HKUST-1) on the material's vibrational properties. By systematically screening the impact of the spin state on the phonon bands and densities of states in the various frequency regions, we identify asymmetric -COO- stretching vibrations as being most affected by different types of magnetic couplings. Notably, we also show that the DFT-derived insights can be quantitatively reproduced employing suitably parametrized, state-of-the-art machine-learned classical potentials with root-mean-square deviations from the DFT results between 3 cm−1 and 7 cm−1. This demonstrates the potential of machine-learned classical force fields for predicting the spin-dependent properties of complex materials, even when explicitly considering spins only for the generation of the reference data used in the force-field parametrization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) oxide heterointerfaces. Since their discovery, transition metal oxide (TMO) interfaces have emerged as a fascinating and fast‐growing area of research, offering a variety of unique and exotic physical properties which has provided a strong impetus for the rapid advances and actualization of oxide electronics. This review revisits the fundamental mechanisms accounting for the two‐dimensional (2D) conducting interfaces, and how new models proposed to better account for the unique interfacial effects. Recent breakthroughs in the theoretical and experimental domains of oxide interfaces are also discussed including the detection and investigation of 2D quasiparticle. Moving beyond the well‐known LAO/STO interface, this review delves into other systems where unconventional interfacial superconductivity, interfacial magnetism, and spin polarization are dealt with in greater detail. In terms of device applications, this review proceeds with a treatment on the recent developments in domains including field effect transistors and freestanding heterostructure membranes. By emphasizing the opportunities and challenges of integrating oxide interfaces with existing technologies, the review will end off with an outlook projecting the progress and the trajectory of this research domain in the years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-energy (~ 100eV) electrons have been employed for more than half a century to investigate physical, chemical and electronic phenomena in condensed matter and surface physics. A particular role may be attributed to a purely quantum-mechanical property of the electron-its spin or intrinsic angular momentum. Since the 1970s the electron spin has been indispensable in determining the role of spin-dependent interactions, such as exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling and their consequences. Most recently, the aspect of topology and its role in condensed matter systems has given a new drive to the investigation of the electron spin and spin textures in such materials. New results on time-dependent ultrafast phenomena may become available by the availability of new intense lasers and laser-driven sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) is absent, all proposed half‐metals with twofold degenerate nodal points at the K (or K′) point in 2D materials are classified as "Dirac half‐metals" owing to the way graphene is utilized in the earliest studies. Actually, each band crossing point at the K or K′ point is described by a 2D Weyl Hamiltonian with definite chirality; hence, it should be a Weyl point. To the best of its knowledge, there have not yet been any reports of a genuine (i.e., fourfold degenerate) 2D Dirac point half‐metal. In this work, using first‐principles calculations, it proposes forthefirsttime that the 2D d0‐type ferromagnet Mg4N4 is a genuine 2D Dirac half‐metal candidate with a fourfold degenerate Dirac point at the S high‐symmetry point, intrinsic magnetism, a high Curie temperature, 100% spin polarization, topology robust under the SOC and uniaxial and biaxial strains, and spin‐polarized edge states. This work can serve as a starting point for future predictions of intrinsically magnetic materials with genuine 2D Dirac points, which will aid the frontier of topo‐spintronics research in 2D systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin Hall effect (SHE) allows efficient generation of spin polarization or spin current through charge current and plays a crucial role in the development of spintronics. While SHE typically occurs in non-magnetic materials and is time-reversal even, exploring time-reversal-odd (T-odd) SHE, which couples SHE to magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, offers a new charge-spin conversion mechanism with new functionalities. Here, we report the observation of giant T-odd SHE in Fe3GeTe2/MoTe2 van der Waals heterostructure, representing a previously unidentified interfacial magnetic spin Hall effect (interfacial-MSHE). Through rigorous symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations, we attribute the interfacial-MSHE to a symmetry-breaking induced spin current dipole at the vdW interface. Furthermore, we show that this linear effect can be used for implementing multiply-accumulate operations and binary convolutional neural networks with cascaded multi-terminal devices. Our findings uncover an interfacial T-odd charge-spin conversion mechanism with promising potential for energy-efficient in-memory computing. Charge-to-spin conversion allows for the generation and control of spin polarization via a charge current. Typically, this is done with non-magnetic materials with large spin-orbit interactions such as Platinum. Herein, Dai et al demonstrate an intriguing charge-to-spin mechanism, a magnetic spin Hall effect, in a van der Waals heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altermagnets are an emerging elementary class of collinear magnets. Unlike ferromagnets, their distinct crystal symmetries inhibit magnetization while, unlike antiferromagnets, they promote strong spin polarization in the band structure. The corresponding unconventional mechanism of time-reversal symmetry breaking without magnetization in the electronic spectra has been regarded as a primary signature of altermagnetism but has not been experimentally visualized to date. We directly observe strong time-reversal symmetry breaking in the band structure of altermagnetic RuO2 by detecting magnetic circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectra. Our experimental results, supported by ab initio calculations, establish the microscopic electronic structure basis for a family of interesting phenomena and functionalities in fields ranging from topological matter to spintronics, which are based on the unconventional time-reversal symmetry breaking in altermagnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the field correlator method (FCM) for QCD, we show that the chiral vortical effect (CVE) in hot (strongly-interacting) quark-gluon plasma ((s)QGP) is modified by non-perturbative interactions – by color-magnetic confinement, and by remnant color-electric interaction, which is encoded in the Polyakov line. The obtained result demonstrates numerical suppression of CVE comparable to the phenomenological suppression used for numerical simulations of RHIC-STAR data on hyperons spin polarization in non-central heavy ion collision (HIC). The parameters range in the temperature – quark chemical potential plane is expected to cover ALICE and RHIC data. The chiral current is calculated for the rigidly rotating model of (s)QGP in the linear order in angular velocity at the rotation axis with account of non-perturbative interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting using semiconductor materials are effective approaches for converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel. In the past few years, a series of photocatalysts/photoelectrocatalysts have been developed and optimized to achieve efficient solar hydrogen production. Among various optimization strategies, the regulation of spin polarization can tailor the intrinsic optoelectronic properties for retarding charge recombination and enhancing surface reactions, thus improving the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency. This review presents recent advances in the regulation of spin polarization to enhance spin polarized-dependent solar hydrogen evolution activity. Specifically, spin polarization manipulation strategies of several typical photocatalysts/photoelectrocatalysts (e.g., metallic oxides, metallic sulfides, non-metallic semiconductors, ferroelectric materials, and chiral molecules) are described. In the end, the critical challenges and perspectives of spin polarization regulation towards future solar energy conversion are briefly provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquity of refractory organic matter in aquatic environments necessitates innovative removal strategies. Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation has emerged as an attractive solution, offering high selectivity, enduring efficacy, and anti-interference ability. Among many technologies, sulfite activation, leveraging its cost-effectiveness and lower toxicity compared to conventional persulfates, stands out. Yet, the activation process often relies on transition metals, suffering from low atom utilization. Here we introduce a series of single-atom catalysts (SACs) employing transition metals on g-C3N4 substrates, effectively activating sulfite for acetaminophen degradation. We highlight the superior performance of Fe/CN, which demonstrates a degradation rate constant significantly surpassing those of Ni/CN and Cu/CN. Our investigation into the electronic and spin polarization characteristics of these catalysts reveals their critical role in catalytic efficiency, with oxysulfur radical-mediated reactions predominating. Notably, under visible light, the catalytic activity is enhanced, attributed to an increased generation of oxysulfur radicals and a strengthened electron donation-back donation dynamic. The proximity of Fe/CN's d-band center to the Fermi level, alongside its high spin polarization, is shown to improve sulfite adsorption and reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap, thereby accelerating photo-assisted sulfite activation. This work advances the understanding of SACs in environmental applications and lays the groundwork for future water treatment technologies.

Highlights Compared with the traditional single-atom catalysts (SACs), the Mg SACs with axial displacement is accurately fabricated on the functional carbon nanotubes. The electronic spin polarization modulates the spin density of MgPc, facilitating the LiPSs conversion kinetics in Li-S batteries. The MgPc@FCNT achieves ultra-low capacity decay rate under the high sulfur loading.

Quantum information promises dramatic advances in computing last seen in the digital revolution, but quantum hardware is fragile, noisy, and resource intensive. Chemistry has a role in developing new materials for quantum information that are robust to noise, scalable, and operable in ambient conditions. While molecular structure is the foundation for understanding mechanism and reactivity, molecular structure/quantum function relationships remain mostly undiscovered. Using singlet fission as a specific example of a multielectron process capable of producing long-lived spin-entangled electronic states at high temperatures, I describe how to exploit molecular structure and symmetry to gain quantum function and how some principles learned from singlet fission apply more broadly to quantum science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge magnetism in zigzag nanoribbons of monolayer MoS 2 has been investigated with both density functional theory and a tight-binding plus Hubbard (TB+U) Hamiltonian. Both methods revealed that one band crossing the Fermi level is more strongly influenced by spin polarization than any other bands. This band originates from states localized on the sulfur edge of the nanoribbon. Its dispersion closely resembles that of the energy branch obtained in a linear chain of atoms with first-neighbor interaction. By exploiting this resemblance, a toy model has been designed to study the energetics of different spin configurations of the nanoribbon edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the effects of doping with ∼10 at% of Si, Al, Sn, and Bi on the atomic order, microstructure, and magnetic properties of CoMnSb samples prepared using the arc-melting method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetometry techniques were employed to derive the structural and magnetic parameters. The samples demonstrate a superstructure with an Fm -3 m space group. They exhibit a saturation moment of 3.71–4.71 μ B per formula unit at 5 K and a Curie temperature ranging from 474 to 507 K. Rietveld refinement performed on the XRD data revealed a possible occupation of magnetic atoms in the vacant 32 f (x ', x ', x ') sites and atomic swapping, both of which may affect the magnitudes of the magnetic moment and Curie temperature. The electrical measurement results show that the grain boundaries and voids govern the conductivity of the samples. The spin polarization of the Si-doped sample was determined based on the grain-boundary magnetoresistance effect, which showed that this sample has a high degree of atomic order, consistent with the low magnetic moment, Curie temperature, and lattice constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Magnetic semiconductors with both electron charge and spin features exhibit tremendous potential in spintronics. Although defective transition-metal dichalcogenides are promising with induced room temperature (RT) magnetic moments, impacts of the defect type and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, two strategies involving elemental substitution and epitaxial growth have been explored to synthesize alloyed and hybrid MoSe 2-x S x with lattice distortion and artificial interfaces respectively. Both experimental measurements and first-principle calculations demonstrate induced magnetism in the resultant MoSe 2-x S x with the magnetization intensity closely associated to the atomic structure. The alloyed MoSe 2-x S x exhibits satisfactory structural stability and atomic magnetic moments due to the Mo 4d orbital splitting induced by lattice distortion. Nevertheless, both enhanced RT ferromagnetism and thermomagnetic stability can be achieved for the hybrid MoSe 2-x S x resulted from stronger localized spin polarization at the MoSe 2 /MoS 2 interfaces. As such the work not only sheds light on the mechanisms underlying defect-induced ferromagnetism in transition-metal dichalcogenides, but also proposes an interface engineering strategy to induce significant ferromagnetism for multi-fields including spintronics, multiferroics and valleytronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The nitrogen vacancies-zinc porphyrin (NVs-ZnTCPP) ultrathin nanosheets was fabricated through a simple surface N 2 plasma treatment. • The optimized NVs-ZnTCPP exhibits superior photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO 2) reduction activity and selectivity to carbon monoxide (CO). • The promoted photocatalytic performance of NVs-ZnTCPP could be mainly attributed to nitrogen vacancy-induced spin polarization. Metalloporphyrin compounds have excellent electron transfer and visible light absorption ability, demonstrating broad application prospects in the field of photocatalysis. In this work, the nitrogen vacancies (NVs) were successfully introduced into zinc porphyrin (ZnTCPP) ultrathin nanosheets through surface N 2 plasma treatment, which is environmentally friendly and can react in low temperatures. Furthermore, the prepared nitrogen vacancies-zinc porphyrin (NVs-ZnTCPP) materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity and selectivity, specifically, the CO production rate of ZnTCPP-1 (N 2 plasma treatment, 1 min) achieved as high as 12.5 µmol g–1h−1, which is about 2.7 times greater than that of untreated ZnTCPP. Based on the experimental and density functional theory calculation (DFT) results, it is found that the promoted photocatalytic performance of NVs-ZnTCPP could be mainly attributed to nitrogen vacancy-induced spin polarization by reducing the reaction barriers and inhibiting the recombination of photoexcited carriers. This work provides a new perspective for the construction of vacancy-based metalloporphyrin, and further explores the intrinsic mechanism between the electron spin property and the performance of the photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the atomic cell of the spin exchange optical pumping system, the optical pumping inevitably introduces a magnetic field gradient, which affects the measurement result of the nuclear spin relaxation time a lot. To address this issue, our method achieves the measurement while excluding the influence of this magnetic field gradient. In this method, the pump laser is turned off after the spins of 87Rb and 129Xe have been effectively polarized, which results in the spin polarization of the 87Rb atoms being provided only by the spin exchange with 129Xe. Ultimately, the transverse and longitudinal components of the polarization of 129Xe are detected by the in situ87Rb atom magnetometer to obtain the T1 and T2 of 129Xe under different conditions. Using our method, since the influence of inhomogeneity caused by the pump laser is eliminated, the relaxation characteristic of atomic cells can be measured more quickly, essentially, and conveniently, which helps compare the performance of different atomic cells and find the best cell fabrication process further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the anomalous W - W + γ / Z couplings in e - e + → W - W + followed by semileptonic decay using a complete set of polarization and spin correlation observables of W boson with the longitudinally polarized beam. We consider a complete set of dimension-six operators affecting W - W + γ / Z vertex, which are S U (2) × U (1) gauge invariant. Some of the polarization and spin correlation asymmetries average out if the daughter of W + is not tagged and to overcome this we developed an artificial neural network and boosted decision trees to distinguish down-type jets from up-type jets. We obtain bounds on the anomalous couplings using MCMC analysis at s = 250 GeV with integrated luminosities of L ∈ { 100 fb - 1 , 250 fb - 1 , 1000 fb - 1 , 3000 fb - 1 } and different sets of systematic errors. We find that using spin-related observables along with cross section in the presence of initial beam polarization significantly improves the bounds on anomalous couplings compared to previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A K–Rb– 83 Kr-based atomic comagnetometer for performing movement-related Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is theoretically studied in this paper. Parameters such as the spin-exchange rates, the spin-dephasing rates and the polarization of the nuclear spins are studied to configure the comagnetometer. The results show that the nuclear spin can generate a magnetic field of around 700 nT, at which the nuclear spin can compensate for a wide range of magnetic fields. In this paper, we also show the fabrication process for hybrid optical-pumping vapor cells, whereby alkali metals are mixed in a glove box that is then connected to the alkali vapor-cell fabrication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective mass at the Fermi level is measured in the strongly interacting two-dimensional (2D) electron system in ultra-clean SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells in the low-temperature limit in tilted magnetic fields. At low electron densities, the effective mass is found to be strongly enhanced and independent of the degree of spin polarization, which indicates that the mass enhancement is not related to the electrons' spins. The observed effect turns out to be universal for silicon-based 2D electron systems, regardless of random potential, and cannot be explained by existing theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of spin–orbit interaction has been recently reconsidered in high- T c cuprates, stimulated by the recent experimental observations of spin-polarized electronic states. However, due to the complexity of the spin texture reported, the origin of the spin polarization in high- T c cuprates remains unclear. Here, we present the spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data on the facing momentum points that are symmetric with respect to the Γ point, to ensure the intrinsic spin nature related to the initial state. We consistently found the very weak spin polarization only along the nodal direction, with no indication of spin-splitting of the band. Our findings thus call for a revision of the simple application of the spin–orbit interaction, which has been treated within the standard framework of the Rashba interaction in high- T c cuprates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-energy (∼100eV) electrons have been employed for more than half a century to investigate physical, chemical and electronic phenomena in condensed matter and surface physics. A particular role may be attributed to a purely quantum-mechanical property of the electron–its spin or intrinsic angular momentum. Since the 1970s the electron spin has been indispensable in determining the role of spin-dependent interactions, such as exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling and their consequences. Most recently, the aspect of topology and its role in condensed matter systems has given a new drive to the investigation of the electron spin and spin textures in such materials. New results on time-dependent ultrafast phenomena may become available by the availability of new intense lasers and laser-driven sources.

This paper contains data and results from Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigation of 423 distinct X2YZ ternary full Heusler alloys, where X and Y represent elements from the D-block of the periodic table and Z signifies element from main group. The study encompasses both “regular” and “inverse” Heusler phases of these alloys for a total of 846 potential materials. For each specific alloy and each phase, a range of information is provided including total energy, formation energy, lattice constant, total and site-specific magnetic moments, spin polarization as well as total and projected density of electronic states. The aim of creating this dataset is to provide fundamental theoretical insights into ternary X2YZ Heusler alloys for further theoretical and experimental analysis.

Herein, we investigate the effect of tilt mismatch on the quantum oscillations of spin transport properties in two-dimensional asymmetrically tilted Dirac cone systems. This study involves the examination of conductance oscillation in two distinct junction types: transverse- and longitudinal-tilted Dirac cones (TTDCs and LTDCs). Our findings reveal an unusual quantum oscillation of spin-polarized conductance within the TTDC system, characterized by two distinct anomaly patterns within a single period, labeled as the linear conductance phase and the oscillatory conductance phase. Interestingly, these phases emerge in association with tilt-induced orbital pseudo-magnetization and exchange interaction. Our study also demonstrates that the structure of the LTDC can modify the frequency of spin conductance oscillation, and the asymmetric effect within this structure results in a quantum beating pattern in oscillatory spin conductance. We note that an enhancement in the asymmetric longitudinal tilt velocity ratio within the structure correspondingly amplifies the beating frequency. Our research potentially contributes valuable insights for detecting the asymmetry of tilted Dirac fermions in type-I Dirac semimetal-based spintronics and quantum devices.

Triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (triplet-DNP) is a technique that can obtain high nuclear polarization under moderate conditions. However, in order to obtain practically useful polarization, large single crystals doped with a polarizing agent must be strictly oriented with respect to the magnetic field to sharpen the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, which is a fatal problem that prevents its application to truly useful biomolecular targets. Instead of this conventional physical approach of controlling crystal orientation, here, we propose a chemical approach, i.e., molecular design of polarizing agents; pentacene molecules, the most typical triplet-DNP polarizing agent, are modified so as to make the triplet electron distribution wider and more isotropic without loss of the triplet polarization. The thiophene-modified pentacene exhibits a sharper and stronger ESR spectrum than the parent pentacene, and state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations revealed that the direction of the spin polarization is altered by the modification with thiophene moieties and the size of D and E parameters are reduced from parent pentacene due to the partial delocalization of spin densities on the thiophene moieties. The triplet-DNP with the new polarizing agent successfully exceeds the previous highest ¹H polarization of glassy materials by a factor of 5. This demonstrates the feasibility of a polarizing agent that can surpass pentacene, the best polarizing agent for more than 30 y since triplet-DNP was first reported, in the unoriented state. This work provides a pathway toward practically useful high nuclear polarization of various biomolecules by triplet-DNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperpolarization techniques increase nuclear spin polarization by more than four orders of magnitude, enabling metabolic MRI. Even though hyperpolarization has shown clear value in clinical studies, the complexity, cost and slowness of current equipment limits its widespread use. Here, a polarization procedure of [1‐13C]pyruvate based on parahydrogen‐induced polarization by side‐arm hydrogenation (PHIP‐SAH) in an automated polarizer is demonstrated. It is benchmarked in a study with 48 animals against a commercial dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d‐DNP) device. Purified, concentrated (≈70–160 mM) and highly hyperpolarized (≈18%) solutions of pyruvate are obtained at physiological pH for volumes up to 2 mL within 85 s in an automated process. The safety profile, image quality, as well as the quantitative perfusion and lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratios, are equivalent for PHIP and d‐DNP, rendering PHIP a viable alternative to established hyperpolarization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the impact of spin effects on the nonequilibrium transport properties of a nanowire hosting Majorana zero-energy modes at its ends, coupled to a quantum dot junction with ferromagnetic leads. Using the real-time diagrammatic technique, we determine the current, differential conductance and current cross-correlations in the nonlinear response regime. We also explore transport in different magnetic configurations of the system, which can be quantified by the tunnel magnetoresistance. We show that the presence of Majorana quasiparticles gives rise to unique features in all spin-resolved transport characteristics, in particular, to zero-bias anomaly, negative differential conductance, negative tunnel magnetoresistance, and it is also reflected in the current cross-correlations. Moreover, we study the dependence of the zero-bias anomaly on various system parameters and demonstrate its dependence on the magnetic configuration of the system as well as on the degree of spin polarization in the leads. A highly nontrivial behavior is also found for the tunnel magnetoresistance, which exhibits regions of enhanced or negative values—new features resulting from the coupling to Majorana wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe3GeTe2 monolayer, a ferromagnetic topological candidate with a high Curie temperature of 130 K, has recently garnered considerable interest. We investigated the impact of strain on the electronic, magnetic, and topological properties of the Fe3GeTe2 monolayer using density functional theory calculations. Our results showed that the Fe3GeTe2 monolayer was an itinerant ferromagnet with a high spin polarization of 69.93% and out-of-plane easy magnetization. Tensile strain had no profound impact on the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). However, when applying a compressive biaxial strain of −3%, the AHC at the Fermi level was dramatically enhanced to 1.62 e2/h, which is much larger than that of the bulk (0.7 e2/h) and bilayer (1.5 e2/h) material. The large AHC nearly coincided with the singularity of the energy bands near the M point. Our results highlight the potential of using strain engineering to control and optimize the properties of two-dimensional topological materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half-metallic Heusler alloys are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their high spin polarization. However, the spin polarization strongly depends on the atomic composition, which is time-consuming to optimize from various compositional combinations. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput compositional optimization method for high spin polarization in Co2(Mn, Fe)Ge Heusler alloys by combining composition-spread films and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurement. Two types of composition-spread films of polycrystalline Co2(Mn1−xFex)Ge and (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey are fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates by combinatorial sputtering deposition, followed by post-annealing. The compositional dependence of AMR shows the largest negative AMR ratio of −0.13% and the smallest temperature dependence of the resistance change of AMR for y = 0.25 in the (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey composition-spread film, suggesting the highest spin polarization and the closest nature to the ideal half-metal at this composition ratio. To verify this, we also develop a new technique to measure the compositional dependence of spin polarization by measuring the spin accumulation signals of nonlocal spin-valve devices fabricated on the composition-spread films and observe the highest spin polarization of 82% for y = 0.24. This confirms a clear qualitative correlation between the large negative AMR ratio and high spin polarization. Our combinatorial method using the composition-spread films and the AMR measurement proves to be a facile way for optimizing the fabrication conditions of half-metallic Heusler alloys with high spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced two-dimensional spin-polarized heterostructures based on twisted (TBG) and nanoporous (NPBG) bilayer graphenes doped with Eu ions were theoretically proposed and studied using Periodic Boundary Conditions Density Functional theory electronic structure calculations. The significant polarization of the electronic states at the Fermi level was discovered for both Eu/NPBG(AA) and Eu/TBG lattices. Eu ions' chemi- and physisorption to both graphenes may lead to structural deformations, drop of symmetry of low-dimensional lattices, interlayer fusion, and mutual slides of TBG graphene fragments. The frontier bands in the valence region at the vicinity of the Fermi level of both spin-polarized 2D Eu/NPBG(AA) and Eu/TBG lattices clearly demonstrate flat dispersion laws caused by localized electronic states formed by TBG Moiré patterns, which could lead to strong electron correlations and the formation of exotic quantum phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method with the GGA-PBE approximations, we have explored the structural, elastic, electronic, and optical characteristics of Co2−xVxFeGe. Our investigation reveals that the compound Co1.25V0.75FeGe exhibits ideal half-metallic ferromagnetism. Additionally, the compound Co2−xVxFeGe exhibits different crystal structures depending on the value of x. At x = 0.25, it has a cubic structure with a space group of P-43 m. However, at x values of 0.50 and 0.75, it undergoes a transition to a tetragonal structure with respective space groups of P42/mcm N◦ (132) and P-42 m (111). In these tetragonal structures, the compound displays anisotropic mechanical stability. Moreover, as the concentration of V increases, the volume gradually increases. These properties are crucial in determining the material's suitability for use in optoelectronic devices. The electronic properties of most of the compounds displayed half-metallicity and 100% spin polarization, particularly for the composition x = 0.75. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-induced desorption of Rb atoms from a ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 (001) surface was studied using a spin-selective optical method, which provides information on the spin polarization, velocity distribution, and amount of the desorbed atoms. The results showed that the intensity of the desorption of Rb from Fe 3 O 4 (001) induced by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation was smaller than the detection limit at coverages lower than the threshold coverage at which the desorption rate began to increase. Moreover, the average magnetic quantum number of the desorbed atoms was smaller than that of electrons at the Fermi level of the Fe 3 O 4 (001) surface. These indicate that the light-induced desorption of Rb from an Fe 3 O 4 (001) surface occurs only in the high-coverage region in which the desorbing atoms are not in contact with the Fe 3 O 4 surface, and that the desorption does not involve spin transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Single-molecule electrical detection, especially the single-molecule junction setup, enables the precise detection and spatial operability of anchored molecules. The transition among asymmetric characteristics (i.e., molecular chirality, photonic polarization and electronic spin) is proposed as a universal methodology to realize the detection, control and synthesis of chirality. Exploring the origin of symmetry breaking contributes to the development of a general reliable strategy for asymmetric synthesis. Chirality, as the symmetric breaking of molecules, plays an essential role in physical, chemical and especially biological processes, which highlights the accurate distinction among heterochiralities as well as the precise preparation for homochirality. To this end, the well-designed structure-specific recognizer and catalysis reactor are necessitated, respectively. However, each kind of target molecules requires a custom-made chiral partner and the dynamic disorder of spatial-orientation distribution of molecules at the ensemble level leads to an inefficient protocol. In this perspective article, we developed a universal strategy capable of realizing the chirality detection and control by the external symmetry breaking based on the alignment of the molecular frame to external stimuli. Specifically, in combination with the discussion about the relationship among the chirality (molecule), spin (electron) and polarization (photon), i.e., the three natural symmetry breaking, single-molecule junctions were proposed to achieve a single-molecule/event-resolved detection and synthesis. The fixation of the molecular orientation and the CMOS-compatibility provide an efficient interface to achieve the external input of symmetry breaking. This perspective is believed to offer more efficient applications in accurate chirality detection and precise asymmetric synthesis via the close collaboration of chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]