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This article addresses the crucial challenge of maintaining a reliable power supply in integrated electric systems that combine solar power and energy storage. It focuses on optimizing key parameters for remote photovoltaic, wind, and battery energy storage within the grid, with a primary goal of sustaining 24-hour load demand. The study introduces a comprehensive approach that integrates fuel price dynamics and battery depletion costs into the optimization model for hybrid grids. This approach seeks a delicate balance between sustainable energy usage and cost-effectiveness. To achieve this balance, the research employs genetic algorithms, a robust computational technique. These algorithms play a vital role in calculating discharge-charge cycles and assessing battery health, addressing concerns about battery longevity and performance. Additionally, the study explores a machine learning framework, specifically nested learning, to further enhance the optimization process. Nested learning allows for the development of a sophisticated target function that considers various grid operation parameters and constraints. This machine learning approach enhances the system's ability to dynamically monitor power consumption and generation. Within this machine learning framework, the TD Lambda learning algorithm takes a prominent role in identifying the optimal function. This algorithm is well-known for its efficiency, particularly in non-Markovian scenarios. Its quick convergence enhances the overall performance of the hybrid grid, ensuring efficiency in changing conditions. The research also evaluates the impact of weight factors on various aspects, including battery charging status, algorithmic decisions, and their consequences on optimal energy pricing within the hybrid grid. This comprehensive assessment deepens the understanding of how these weight factors influence grid performance and economic viability.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is the third most common cause of vascular death. Data on APE from India and other low-and middle-income countries is sparse. Objectives: Study the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, in-hospital mortality (IMH) and 12 months mortality of patients with APE in India. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 186 consecutive patients diagnosed with APE between November 2016 and November 2021 in Madras Medical College Pulmonary Embolism Registry (M-PER). All patients had electrocardiography and echocardiography. High risk patients and selected intermediate risk patients underwent fibrinolysis. Results: 75 % of our patients were below 50 years of age. 35 % were women. The mean time to presentation from symptom onset was 6.04 ± 10.01 days. 92 % had CT pulmonary angiography. Intermediate risk category (61.3 %) was the more common presentation followed by high risk (26.9 %). Electrocardiography showed S1Q3T3 pattern in 56 %. 76 % had right ventricular dysfunction and 12.4 % had right heart thrombi(RHT) by echocardiography. 50.5 % received fibrinolysis. Patients with RHT received fibrinolysis more frequently (78.3 % vs 46.6 %; p = 0.007). In-hospital mortality (IHM) was 15.6 %. Systemic arterial desaturation and need for mechanical ventilation independently predicted IHM. Ten patients (5.3 %) were lost to follow up. One year mortality was 26.7 % (47/176). One year mortality of patients discharged alive was similar among high, intermediate and low risk groups(14.8 % vs 1.9 % vs 10.5 %; p = 0.891). Conclusions: Patients with PE are often young and present late in India. The in-hospital and 12 months mortality were high. Low and intermediate risk groups had a high post discharge mortality similar to high risk patients.

BackgroundPediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) commonly causes death or disability. In adults, high-dose rifampicin may reduce mortality. The role of fluoroquinolones remains unclear. There have been no antimicrobial treatment trials for pediatric TBM.MethodsTBM-KIDS was a phase 2 open-label randomized trial among children with TBM in India and Malawi. Participants received isoniazid and pyrazinamide plus: (i) high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg) and ethambutol (R30HZE, arm 1); (ii) high-dose rifampicin and levofloxacin (R30HZL, arm 2); or (iii) standard-dose rifampicin and ethambutol (R15HZE, arm 3) for 8 weeks, followed by 10 months of standard treatment. Functional and neurocognitive outcomes were measured longitudinally using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL).ResultsOf 2487 children prescreened, 79 were screened and 37 enrolled. Median age was 72 months; 49%, 43%, and 8% had stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 58%, 55%, and 36% of children in arms 1, 2, and 3, with 1 death (arm 1) and 6 early treatment discontinuations (4 in arm 1, 1 each in arms 2 and 3). By week 8, all children recovered to MRS score of 0 or 1. Average MSEL scores were significantly better in arm 1 than arm 3 in fine motor, receptive language, and expressive language domains (P

Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) aided by the Internet of Things (IoT) is a collaborative system of WSN systems and IoT networks are work to exchange, gather, and handle data. The primary objective of this collaboration is to enhance data analysis and automation to facilitate improved decision-making. Securing IoT with the assistance of WSN necessitates the implementation of protective measures to confirm the safety and reliability of the interconnected WSN and IoT components. This research significantly advances the current state of the art in IoT and WSN security by synergistically harnessing the potential of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm. The contributions of this work are twofold: firstly, the proposed FA-ML technique exhibits an exceptional capability to enhance intrusion detection accuracy within the WSN-IoT landscape. Secondly, the amalgamation of the Firefly Algorithm and machine learning introduces a novel dimension to the domain of security-oriented optimization techniques. The implications of this research resonate across various sectors, ranging from critical infrastructure protection to industrial automation and beyond, where safeguarding the integrity of interconnected systems are of paramount importance. The amalgamation of cutting-edge machine learning and bio-inspired algorithms marks a pivotal step forward in crafting robust and intelligent security measures for the evolving landscape of IoT-driven technologies. For intrusion detection in the WSN-IoT, the FA-ML method employs a support vector machine (SVM) machine model for classification with parameter tuning accomplished using a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The experimental evaluation is simulated using NSL-KDD Dataset, revealing the remarkable enhancement of the FA-ML technique, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.34%. In comparison, the KNN-PSO and XGBoost models achieved lower accuracies of 96.42% and 95.36%, respectively. The findings validate the potential of the FA-ML technique as an active security solution for WSN-IoT systems, harnessing the power of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm to bolster intrusion detection capabilities.

Introduction: Follow-up of the mothers and their offspring recruited to a randomized controlled trial comparing neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or glibenclamide was conducted 9 years ago. A significant decrease in neonatal hypoglycemia in the group treated with metformin was seen in the original study. Methodology: Results of clinical examination, blood sample collection, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan not published in a brief communication are described in this study. The nutritional status was assessed using a 3-day recall method using the Indian Food Composition Table 2017. The physical activity of offspring was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The overall follow-up rate of the cohort was 49% and similar in both the groups. The anthropometric details, blood tests, and DEXA in the women and their offspring were similar except that the offspring of the group on metformin had higher triglyceride values than the offspring of the women treated with glibenclamide. The average body mass index of the offspring was similar and was 18. Currently, women who were treated with glibenclamide 9 years ago had higher fasting plasma glucose levels (9.2 [7.3, 12.6]) than the metformin group (7.2 [6.1, 8.4] median [interquartile range]), P = 0.02. They also had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure readings 77.1mmHg (8.9) and 72.1mmHg (11.7) mean (SD), P = 0.035. (Information from the previously published brief communication). Conclusion: No significant adverse outcome was seen in women treated with metformin and the offspring 9 years later.

One can understand the period and the customs of the people through the literature of that time. The theory of feminism arose in the context of modernism in the late 19th century in the English speaking world. Feminism has been put forward in society as an intellectual principle and as a tool of mitigating the struggle suffered for ages. Feminism arose out of seeking freedom and emancipation for women as an alternative and remedy to oppression, violence and social exclusion, to uncover many forms of female oppression. Despite having all the virtues of family responsibilities, bearing children, love and affection, the woman is pushed to the point of curtailing her needs and desires for the benefit of others. Such servitude is more prevalent among women in Sangha literature. But today's women are capable and capable of working in all fields. In that way, the purpose of this article is to compare and analyze Samgam literary women and contemporary women.

Prof. Na. Subbu Reddiar has been published texts in various contexts. He has written hundreds of books in the fields of religion, philosophy, literature, grammar, sociology, science and children's literature and has made great contributions to Tamil Society. The majority of the texts written by the professor are religious. Prof. Na. Subbu Reddiar's book, “Introduction to Saiva Sidhantham”, explains the basic tenets of Saivam. In this book, he explains the philosophy of Saiva Sidhantham in a deep logical approach. Although the philosophical principles in Tamil have been developed through epics since the Sangam period, only “Panniru Thirumurai” form the basic texts of Tamil Saivam philosophy. Saiva Sidhantham has a unique place in the Indian philosophical tradition and is the basis for cultural heritage. Saiva Sidhantham is a philosophy that arose based on three facts. They are Pathi, Pasu, Paasam. This is called a triplet. In the introduction of this book, Prof. Subbu Reddiar has created based on the data on these ideals from Tamil spiritual texts. Prof. P. Krishnan mentions and records “Saiva Sidhantham Or Arimugam” as the first study book on Saiva Siddhanta. In the book, the professor writes logically on the three-dimensional interpretation of two thousand years of philosophical philosophies based on enlightenment, fact-finding, and theory.

Crack development is common occurrence in concrete structural element. By the cracks, which permits the H2O and varies form of chemicals inside the concrete elements and lessen their durability characteristics, properties of strength and which make the rust on rebar when its contact with H2O, Carbon-di-oxide(CO2) including other chemicals. In the concrete structures to repair it needs usual maintenance and particular unique method of treatment but it will not be cost effective. To rectify the issue the mechanism of self-healing is induced in concrete element which assists by generating crystallization of CaCO3 to repair the cracks which helps to clog the micro nano-cracks and endopores. The literatures studies were carried and the bacteria were selected based on the condition of survive in the pH greater than 10. The mix design of M30 concrete grade was designed for the work. The Culturing or Diluting of Calcite Depositing Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria was carried. The casted specimens are to determine the mechanical characteristics of concrete without and with bacteria for different cell concentrations for the comparison. After the curing period, the concrete with bacteria improves the structural properties which were found by the strength characteristics experiments on different cell concentration specimens in comparison with normal concrete. The crack closure and micro structural analysis were carried out by using Ultrasonic pulse velocity test and SEM analysis.

Order Orthoptera is one of the largest and most important invertebrate groups for environmental monitoring and assessment. Orthoptera faunal composition was carried out at Bharathi Park, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the present status of various species. PAST software was used to perform various statistical analyses to estimate the Orthoptera composition. Overall, 334 individuals belonging to 22 species, 19 genera, 17 tribes under 10 subfamilies, and four families of Orthoptera were recorded. Species richness (59.09%) and species abundance (70.06%) were recorded highest in the Acrididae family followed by Pyrgomorphidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllidae. Oedipodinae was the most species-rich (27.27%) and the most abundant subfamily, accounting for 30.24% of the total collected individuals. During the study period, 10 dominant, five intermediate dominance, four incidental, and three rare species were observed. Among these, Spathosternum prasiniferum was found to be the most dominant species (D=18.26) and the least dominant (D = 0.6) species was Euconocephalus pallidus. Based on the principal component analysis, the distribution of species along with the first two PCs (PC1= 33.87% and PC2=28.68%) accounted for the highest variance of the total variances. Cluster analysis showed that Acrotylus humbertianus and Teleogryllus mitratus, Conocephalus maculates and Gryllus bimaculatus Orthopterans were similar to each other. The value of the Shannon diversity index (2.27), Simpson index (0.87), Margalef index (2.2), and α-diversity (5.75) were higher in Acrididae when compared with other families. Value of Evenness (0.93) was highest in Gryllidae. Statistical analysis infers that the richness and abundance percentage of Orthopterans significantly varied between species to species and family to family.

Objectives: Patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; dyslipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking) are reported to have a worse clinical outcome compared to those with SMuRFs. However, robust prospective data and low-and middle-income country perspective are lacking. We aimed to study the patients with first STEMI and assess the influence of SMuRFs on clinical outcomes by comparing the patients with and without SMuRFs. Methods: We included all consecutive STEMI patients without prior coronary artery disease enrolled in the Madras Medical College STEMI Registry from September 2018 to October 2019. We collected baseline clinical characteristics, revascularisation strategies and clinical outcome. We analysed suboptimal self-reported sleep duration as a 5th extended SMuRF (eSMuRF). Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital complications and one-year all-cause mortality. Results: Among 2,379 patients, 605 patients (25.4%) were SMuRF-less. More women were SMuRF-less than men (27.1% vs 22.1%; P = 0.012). SMuRF-less patients were older (57.44 ± 13.95 vs 55.68 ± 11.74; P < 0.001), more often former tobacco users (10.4% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), with more anterior wall MI (62.6% vs 52.1%; P = 0.032). The primary outcome [in-hospital mortality (10.7% vs 11.3%; P = 0.72)] and secondary outcomes [in-hospital complications (29.1% vs 31.7%; P = 0.23) and one-year all-cause mortality (22.3% vs 22.7%; P = 0.85)] were similar in both groups. Addition of suboptimal self-reported sleep duration as a 5th eSMuRF yielded similar results. Conclusions: 25% of first STEMI patients were SMuRF-less. Clinical outcomes of patients without SMuRFs were similar to those with SMuRFs. Suboptimal sleep duration did not account for the risk associated with the SMuRF-less status.

Biologically inspired synthesis of nanoparticles was found to be more attractive in metal nanoparticle synthesis. The present study reported an in-situ biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Solanum trilobatum aqueous leaf extract. On this basis, the aqueous leaf extract of S. trilobatum acted as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent to synthesize highly stable AgNPs at ambient temperature. Eventually, the synthesized and stabilized AgNPs surface plasmon resonance was near 430 nm through a UV–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Here, the stability of the silver colloids monitored through zeta potential and mean particle size was evaluated through diffraction light scattering (DLF). Further, the average particle size was found to be 27.6 nm and spherical, confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, colloidal AgNPs and aqueous extract are found to be rich sources of antioxidants and exhibit higher free radical scavenging ability. Thus, efficient inhibition with COX1 and COX2 enzymes and the protective effect with human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stability showed significant results. These features are promising, suggesting the possibility of the AgNPs to be useful to disease-modifying for treating inflammatory disorders and associated complications.

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.

Abstract We propose highly sensitive trichannel photonic crystal fibre (TCPCF) refractive index (RI) sensor based surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this design, we have been integrated the sensing layer with thin gold metal deposited over the surface of the TCPCF for fabrication feasible and easy liquid infiltration. Then, Y‐shaped channel is formed through reducing the diametre of air holes for controlling the direction of light through photonic crystal fibre to attain high sensitivity. Also, effective coupling between surface plasmon polariton mode at the metal layer and the core‐guided mode is obtained by numerical simulation of finite element method. The optimized TCPCF sensor exhibits maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1938.5 RIU−1 and wavelength sensitivity of 11,000 nm.RIU−1 within the analyte range from 1.34 to 1.39. Further, we have achieved amplitude resolution of 5.2 × 10−6 RIU and wavelength resolution of 9.1 × 10−6 RIU. It is confirmed high detection accuracy for small changes in RI analyte. Moreover, high figure of merit of 623.9 RIU−1 is obtained for the proposed sensor. Therefore, the proposed TCPCF RI sensor can be utilized in the chemical, bio and gas sensing applications.

In Social development, human beings subject themselves to norms and definitions through culture and civilization. There must be a conflict between human beings that is natural when living socially. That is why they make restrictions in all walks of life to make it better and have been called morals, ethics in the voice of philosophy. Humans become disciplined by becoming orderly and may be useful to the development of society. Virtues are formed and based on how society teaches its subjects. Various literature has insisted on the need for virtues to make a benevolent state. Many comments on individual virtues can be found in the book on the development of leadership qualities, philosophical books and literature. Divine scriptures are also insisting every man become individual. Tamil literature is also a moral source of literature that points out the ultimate need for individuality. V. Iraianbu is an IAS officer known for his good administration and is now the Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary, a noted writer, orator and a multi-faceted personality. His works are always commendable that could develop the spirit of Individuality. This paper focuses on the need of individual ethics and the literary evidence in V.Iraiyanbu’s “Vaiyath Thalamai Kol”.

The sorghum culture TNS 648 (APK 1 x M35-1) recorded an average grain yield of 2445 kg/ha and fodder yield of 6490 kg/ha with an increase of 10.30 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively over CO 30 under rainfed condition. It also excelled K 12 by recording a 9.17 per cent and 13 per cent increase for grain and fodder yield, respectively. In irrigated situation, TNS 648 recorded an average grain yield of 2911 Kg/ha and fodder yield of 11710 kg/ha with a yield increase of 12 per cent and 10, respectively overruling sorghum variety CO 30. TNS 648 also performed better over K12 by recording an 11.32 per cent and 14 per cent increase for grain and fodder yield, respectively. Under AICRP on Sorghum national level testing, TNS 648 recorded a mean yield of 3100 Kg/ha and fodder yield of 11453 Kg/ha and excelled CSV 17 by recording 6.11 and 29.99 per cent increase of grain and fodder yield, respectively. It matures in 105 - 110 days, Grains are highly acceptable, yellowish white in colour, borne on medium semi-compact ear heads. The sorghum culture TNS 648 is moderately resistant to important shoot pests viz., shoot fly and stem borer. It is moderately resistant to downy mildew and grain mold. It has high protein (11.31-14.66 %) and fiber content (5.8 %) along with better cooking quality traits. Hence, the promising culture TNS 648 has been proposed for new release during 2020 and released as sorghum CO 32 for general cultivation in Tamil Nadu for both under rainfed and irrigated condition.

Mucormycosis has emerged as a disease of immense importance, especially owing to the surge of cases during the second wave of COVID pandemic. Various factors are being attributed to the sudden burst of cases in our country, such as higher fungal spore counts in tropical climate, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, prolonged steroid therapy, contamination of oxygen facilities, respiratory equipment, reused face mask, and zinc supplements. The need of the hour is to emphasize on awareness of early warning signs, as the benefits appear to be time sensitive.

Recent trends in the field of communication science show that most devices are built and governed by Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED). The communication process depends on source characteristics and bandwidth restriction, and effective methods of modulation and demodulation can enhance data rate. Attractive and practical Carrierless Amplitude-Phase (CAP) modulation is used for higher efficiency and easier implementation. However, the performance of the CAP-VLC system gets adversely affected by factors like jamming, scattering, and low sensitivity to receiver signal. Hence, this paper examines the mitigation of available system degrading factors, based on a high-speed, extreme learning machine algorithm (ELM). Prediction analysis and simulation are processed using trained raw dataset for CAP demodulation, to prove the level of performance in terms of accuracy as 92%, under various parametric conditions. This system that is proposed can achieve bit error rate (BER) of 40% to 50% of noise ratio and can be effectively used in sectors like medical health care, banking, and finance.

Chronic diabetes extensively complicates the glucose metabolism to onset and progress the complication. Concurrently, several contemporary medicines, especially organo-metallic formulations, are emerging to treat hyperglycemia. The current study aims to emphasize the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) potential for glucose metabolism regulation in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to detect the mRNA expression of Glucose transporters 2 (GLUT2), Glucokinase (GK) and Glucose 6 Phosphatase (G-6-Pase). The study shows remarkable results such as the prognostic effect of GNPs in reinforcing the repression of enzyme complex G-6-Pase about 13.3-fold when compared to diabetes control. Also, molecular docking studies showed significant inhibition of G-6-Pase by the terpenoid ligands with alpha and beta amyrin from leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. Thus the study explored the novel mechanism of G-6-Pase downregulated by GNPs intervention that majorly contributes to the regulation of circulatory glucose homeostasis during diabetes.

Subhepatic appendicitis is rare in children and often presents with atypical symptoms and signs, resulting in delayed diagnosis with attendant complications. The presence of hyperbilirubinemia could be a marker of complicated appendicitis and may assist rural physicians to seek specialist assistance early.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths globally. Despite many anticancer agents in the market, cancer stood as a major health concern to humanity due to the problems like drug resistance, toxicities and economic burden etc., and these issues strongly impose the scientists for the development of novel anticancer agents. Hence, in the current investigation, we performed the 2D-QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analysis of a series of compounds reported with a potential antiproliferative activity using multiple regression analysis and designed compounds from the obtained QSAR model. The generated Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) equations were validated both internally and externally. The applicability domain has been done for the developed model. Based on the generated QSAR equations, a series of 2-amino-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were designed and their antiproliferative activity was predicted using the QSAR equations. Further, molecular docking studies were carried out for the designed compounds using Autodock 4 against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) kinase. The compounds with good binding affinity were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and PC3 cell lines considering the overexpression of EGFR kinase in breast and prostate cancers. The generated best model exhibited an r2 value of 0.93, q2LOO = 0.92, r2cv = 0.78. From the results, compound 3b and 3c exhibited good antiproliferative activity. The results of the study suggest that the synthesized active compound could serve as a lead for generating good biological agents against EGFR kinase.

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (GP) is a medicinal plant with numerous beneficial pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to identify the bioactive phytoconstituents in GP ethanol extract and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of GP, and also to evaluate the cell viability of GP ethanol extract and its fractions-treated RAW264.7 cells.Methods: The ethanol GP leaf extract was prepared and further subjected to fractionation. The cell viability of GP ethanol extract and its fractions-treated RAW264.7 cells were measured by PrestoBlue. The phytoconstituents of GP ethanol extract and its fraction were determined by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Results: RAW264.7 cells exposed to the GP ethanol extract and its fractions showed significantly high proliferation and weak cytotoxic effect on the macrophages, with an average inhibitory concentration of 90% at 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation. However, at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, the aqueous GP fraction clearly displayed anti-proliferative properties because the cell viability of aqueous GP fraction-treated RAW264.7 cells reduced to 64%, 29% and 4% after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. The GP extracts and its fractions contained mainly fatty acids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, and products of chlorophyll breakdown.Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions at certain concentrations may act as immunomodulators, as they induced promising proliferation activity of macrophages. Further studies are needed to determine either the identified chemical compounds influenced on the proliferation of macrophages solely or cooperatively.

In the present work, a facile synthesis of beta-cobalt hydroxide (ß-CoOH) nanosheets from ZIF-67 structure using thermolysis method has been described. The cobalt hydroxide nanosheets grown on carbon cloth would be highly benificial for wide-ranging applications including catalysis and batteries. The XRD studies show that the crystallite sizes are below 100 nanometers for both the ZIF structure and the derived CoOH. The compositional analysis shows that cobalt contributed more to the weight percentage. FESEM images reveal that cobalt nanosheets were grown on the carbon fiber. Also, the TEM images show that nanosheets morphology has been exhibited on the surface of carbon cloth because of the CoOH coating. Further, the chemical composition and purity of the (ß-CoOH) nanosheets on CC were perceived using EDX and XPS analyses.

DAG scheduling is a process that plans and supervises the execution of interdependent tasks on heterogeneous computing resources. Efficient task scheduling is one of the important factors to improve the performance of heterogeneous computing systems. In this paper, an investigation on implementing Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm for scheduling dependent jobs on heterogeneous computing and grid environments is carried out. Hybrid Two PHase VNS (HTPHVNS) DAG scheduling algorithm has been proposed. The performance of the VNS and HTPHVNS algorithm has been evaluated with Genetic Algorithm and Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time algorithm. Simulation results show that VNS and HTPHVNS algorithm generally perform better than other meta-heuristics methods.

The prominent challenges in manufacturing carrier systems for chemical, biological and medical applications are to produce stable, nontoxic and uniform dimension particles by using various macromolecules. In this respect, the emerging field of nanotechnology enables various approaches towards optimizing synthesis protocols and methodologies. Depending on the application of the particles, various methodologies for nanoparticle synthesis have been adopted. Especially, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have tremendous potential for bionanotechnology-based applications, thus resulting in new possibilities and insights within the medical research field. These nanoparticles can be used for selective transportation mechanism through receptor ligand binding. During various synthesis processes of AuNps, several difficulties have been encountered. Therefore, the scientific research community turned its attention towards tuning and perfecting the obtaining approaches involved in AuNPs synthesis. This review aims to facilitate the understanding of different strategies used for AuNPs synthesis, as well as highlighting the challenges and future perspectives of AuNPs in bionanotechnology.

Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the most important arboviral infections all over the world. Globally, 50% of the human population is at risk of dengue virus infection. Circulation of more than one serotype and virulent genotypes are responsible for major outbreak with high mortality in any geographical region. Aim: To identify the Dengue virus serotypes and genotypes circulating in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: Dengue serum samples were subjected to Reverse Transcriptase-PCR and representative samples were sequenced, subsequently; Maximum-Likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7 software. Results: Out of 140 samples tested, 45 were positive for different serotypes of dengue virus. Among the 45 PCR positives, 12 (26.7%) and 5 (11.1%) samples were positive for Dengue virus-2 and Dengue virus-3 respectively. The remaining 28 (62.2%) samples showed more than one serotype infection. The following combinations of multiple infections were observed in the present study: one sample (2.2%) had mixed infection of Dengue virus-1, 2; seven samples (15.5%) had mixed infection of Dengue virus-2, 3; 10 samples (22.2%) had mixed infection of Dengue virus-1, 2, 3; three samples (6.7%) had mixed infection of Dengue virus-2, 3, 4 and seven samples (15.6%) had mixed infection of all four serotypes. The predominant serotypes were Dengue virus-2 and 3 when multiple serotypes were concerned. Genotyping analysis revealed that Dengue virus-1 sequence belonged to Genotype-I, Dengue virus-2 belonged to GenotypeIV, Dengue virus-3 belonged to Genotype III. Conclusion: In the present study, authors conclude that the circulation of multiple serotypes with a high number of concurrent infections, re-emergence and continuous circulation of genotypes in our region. The burden of dengue viral disease in India is massively under-reported. Hence detailed continuous molecular surveillance studies and stringent control measures are urgently warranted to save lives from dengue-related mortalities.

Fibronectin is a main component of connective tissue and has various biologically significant roles to play in tissue integrity, remodelling and repair, apart from influencing pathological processes. This review looks into the physiology of fibronectin and its influences in health and disease.

Grid computing solves high performance and high-throughput computing problems through sharing resources ranging from personal computers to super computers distributed around the world. As the grid environments facilitate distributed computation, the scheduling of grid jobs has become an important issue. In this paper, an investigation on implementing Multiobjective Variable Neighborhood Search (MVNS) algorithm for scheduling independent jobs on computational grid is carried out. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated with Min–Min algorithm, Simulated Annealing (SA) and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) algorithm. Simulation results show that MVNS algorithm generally performs better than other metaheuristics methods.

Mosquito prevalence was studied in three areas of Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu viz., North Coimbatore, Gandhipuram and Kavundampalayam. Culex quinquefasciatus, C. pseudovishnu, C. gelidus and Armigeres subalbatus are prevalent in the study area. Results indicated that C. quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in North Coimbatore followed by C. pseudovishnu, whereas A. subalbatus was the predominant species both in Gandhipuram and Kavundampalayam areas.

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of fibrin adhesive sealant (Tisseel® ), a human biological tissue adhesive, as compared to conventional suture placement in pocket elimination and mucogingival surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 25 patients (10 male and 15 female patients), in the age group of 25-40 years, with localized periodontitis in relation to the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. They were divided into three surgical groups: Group I, Group II and Group III. Each of these groups was further divided into control and experimental groups. In all the control groups, the flaps/grafts were approximated with 4-0 black braided silk. In the experimental groups, the flaps/grafts were approximated with fibrin adhesive sealant (Tisseel; ). Clinical parameters were taken pre-operatively.operatively and post-operatively on the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 7 th , and 10 th , day. Results: The Fibrin Adhesive System (FAS) showed superior results in all the parameters measured, i.e., hemostasis, fixation of tissues, reduction in plaque and gingival index and probing depth postoperatively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that periodontal surgery using FAS enhances various periodontal regenerative surgical procedures.

The morphometric geometric study was carried out in 10 males and 10 females of Culex quinquefasciatus. There are 23 landmarks corresponding to points at which wing veins either branch or intersect the margin of the wing. Relative warp analysis has been proved to be very efficient in distinguishing the variation of shape in male and female wings. The multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA) showed a clear separation of the male and female wings.