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The research aims to: (1) produce a computer program as a learning resource on gas law topics; (2) determine the appropriateness and quality of the computer program; and (3) describe the effectiveness of the computer program to help students in learning the concept of gas law. We employed 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) models in this research. The computer program is validated by physics expert, learning media expert, and physics teachers. The appropriateness and quality of the computer program were analyzed descriptively. The field testing involved a small group consists of 4 students and a larger group consists of 61 students. The effectiveness of the computer program in improving students' learning achievement was investigated through one group pretest and posttest design. The results of this study showed that the computer program is feasible for high school physics learning. Based on the assessment by physics experts, learning media experts and high school physics teachers, the quality of computer program can be categorized as very good. Normalized gains from the conducted pretest and posttest to small and larger group are found as 0.68 and 0.55, respectively. It indicates that there is medium improvement of students' learning achievement after using the computer program as a learning resource.

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Background: Small interfering RNA technology has been considered a prospective alternative antiviral treatment using gene silencing against influenza viruses with high mutations rates. On the other hand, there are no reports on its effectiveness against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus isolated from Indonesia. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to improve the siRNA design based on the nucleoprotein gene (siRNA-NP) for the Indonesian H5N1 virus. Methods: The effectiveness of these siRNA-NPs (NP672, NP1433, and NP1469) was analyzed in vitro in Marbin-Darby canine kidney cells. Results: The siRNA-NP672 caused the largest decrease in viral production and gene expression at 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection compared to the other siRNA-NPs. Moreover, three serial passages of the H5N1 virus in the presence of siRNA-NP672 did not induce any mutations within the nucleoprotein gene. Conclusions: These findings suggest that siRNA-NP672 can provide better protection against the Indonesian strain of the H5N1 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to utilize pumice waste as one of the constituent materials of lightweight concrete. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, has produced coral pumice waste scattered throughout the country. It is expected that by utilizing pumice waste, lightweight and environmentally friendly concrete may be produced. The tests carried out consisted of three series to examine the effect on the composition of light aggregate (series 1), the effect of light aggregate size (series 2), and the effect of the water to binder ratio (series 3). The composition of light aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with a maximum aggregate size of 20 mm and water to binder ratio of 0.50. In the second series, the maximum size of lightweight aggregate is 9.5 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm, using 100% lightweight aggregate with water to binder ratio of 0.50. In the third series, the water to binder ratio is varied 0.46, 0.48, and 0.50. A slump test was conducted to check the workability of fresh concrete, while the hardened properties test consisted of compressive strength and mass density. The results of the tests show that using a larger amount of lightweight aggregate reduces compressive strength. The variation of the maximum size of lightweight aggregate shows a pattern that the larger the aggregate size produces lower the compressive strength. The decrease in compressive strength also occurs in concrete with high water to binder ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) may face terminal illness situations, which may lead to death. In this case, the role of critical care nurses shifts from life-sustaining to end-of-life care (EOLC). Nurses' involvement in EOLC varies between countries, even in one country due to differences in religion, culture, organization, laws, cases and patient quality. In Indonesia, research on EOLC in ICU has not been carried out. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experiences of critical care nurses in providing EOLC. Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted. Ten critical care nurses having the experiences of caring for dying patients were recruited through a purposive sampling technique for in-depth interviews. Manual content analysis was used to identify themes. Results: The results of the study found five themes, including the challenge of communication with the family, support for the family, support for the patient, discussion and decision making, and nurses' emotions. Conclusion: Most of EOLC provided by critical care nurses was focused on the family. They had some challenges in communication and decision making. Nurses need to get training and education about how to care for patients towards the end of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Data suggest that genetic factors are associated with BMI. The fat mass and obesity- associated (FTO) gene modulates adipogenesis through alternative splicing and m6A demethylation. Individuals with FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism have a preference for energy-dense foods. This study investigates the relationship between FTO rs9939609 and obesity and preference for dietary fat intake among selected Indonesian adults., Methods and Study Design: A total of 40 non-obese and 40 obese participants aged 19-59 living in Jakarta were recruited. Body composition measurements included body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat mass. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and food recall over 2 × 24-h periods. Genetic variation was determined using amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction., Results: The genotype distribution of the FTO gene (rs9939609) was at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (p=1) with minor allele frequency=0.19. Individuals with AT/AA genotypes had 3.72 times higher risk of obesity (p=0.009) and 5.98 times higher dietary fat intake (p=0.02) than those with TT genotype. Obese participants with the AT/AA genotypes had 1.40 times higher dietary fat intake than those with the TT genotype (p=0.016)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that Indonesian adults with AT/AA genotypes of the FTO rs9939609 have higher obesity risks and preferences for high dietary fat intake than those with TT genotype.