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Legalized gambling is growing substantially and provides both a dilemma and an opportunity for those in the health promoting professions. Gambling represents a form of economic development and, for certain segments of society, improved health and quality of life. On the other hand, gambling is a known addiction, with a host of sociological problems associated with its practice. Consequently, a number of opportunities and responsibilities emerge for health educators. This paper provides both background information and suggestions for professional development, and begins a dialogue in the health education literature on this largely neglected and misunderstood topic.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The strongest empirical evidence of dependency has been the finding of an increasingly negative effect of extensive foreign capital penetration on the subsequent economic growth of the host. This long-run structural effect of foreign direct investment is based on cross-national comparisons over the period 1960-75, with samples of up to ninety-one countries. To date, the structural effect has not been replicated for rich (core) country samples. We suggest that the failure of researchers to substantiate the dependency effects in the core hinges on two problems: I) the need to identify "mature economic dependency" as a variation in the structure of core economic development, and 2; the need to model mature dependency with longitudinal rather than cross-national research designs. In this paper, we use time series data to illustrate the long-term negative effects of Amen can direct investment on post-World War!! economic growth in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Productivity growth in the US economy jumped during the second half of the 1990s, a resurgence that the literature linked to information technology use. We contribute to this debate in two ways. First, using the most comparable Canadian and US data available, we quantify in a comprehensive way the contributions of information technology to output, capital input, and productivity performance. Second, we examine the extent to which information technology-producing and information technology-using industries have contributed to the aggregate multifactor productivity revival. Our results suggest that while information technology is indeed the story in the US productivity revival, it is only part of it in the Canadian context. The US labour productivity revival is primarily attributable to information technology capital deepening and multifactor productivity gains of information technology-producing industries, a finding that somewhat contrasts with the common US wisdom. The Canadian evidence points towards the importance of multifactor productivity gains in information technology-using industries as a major source of productivity acceleration. These results stand even after a "correction" for the methodological differences in the measurement of information technology prices at the industry level, thereby indicating important differences in the economic structures between the two countries. The continuation during the 2000-2003 period of the rapid multifactor productivity gains that started during the late 1990s tends to suggest that little of this productivity upsurge was cyclical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The telecommunication industry has experienced significant growth and consolidation in the last decade. The desire of large, multinational customers to obtain fully-integrated, end-to-end global telecommunications services from a single source pushed telecom firms to offer multiservice broadband and seamless worldwide telecommunications networks. However, a major barrier to achieving this goal is the significant capital required to construct and deploy a global network. To overcome these constraints, telecom companies typically adopt approaches like--mergers and acquisitions (M&A), joint ventures, legal partnerships and strategic alliances. As the marketplace continues to grow globally, convergence among major enforcement authorities on fundamental competition principles, such as the role of efficiencies, will be critical. The treatment of efficiencies is however controversial and poses many questions. This research paper explores some of the efficiencies-based motivations and rationales for Telecom M&A. It reviews the procedures and regulatory authorities responsible for telecom merger review in the U.S., Europe and Canada. It also examines the treatment of efficiencies in the context of merger review in three jurisdictions and finally it discusses some of the outstanding policy issues related to treatment of efficiencies.

This paper examines why Canadian poverty rates fell relative to U. S. poverty rates during the periods 1970-1979 and 1979-1986. During the 1970s the principal reason for declining Canadian poverty rates is higher economic growth. During the 1980s, however, differences in government transfer policy are the main cause of relative poverty change in the two countries. Virtually all of the 3.3 point fall in relative Canadian/U.S. poverty rates from 1979 to 1986 can be attributed to expansions in the Canadian transfer system and simultaneous contractions in U. S. transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports economic developments worldwide in September 2007. The U.S. Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates to 4.75 percent. Canada-based Goldcorp plans to increase by 50 percent the production in its Red lake Gold Mines Unit. Paper company Tembec will be shutting its sawmills in British Columbia for at least two weeks as lumber prices declined and exchange rate increased.

The U.S. financial crisis of 2007-08 had detrimental and lasting effects on the economies of other nations, reinforcing the leading role played by the United States in the global economy. The authors assess this role by determining whether U.S. output growth informs business cycle turning points in the economies of other nations. They find that U.S. economic growth influences both the timing and duration of business cycle phases for Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and, to a lesser extent, Mexico. However, they find no relationship between U.S. output growth and the business cycles of France, Italy, and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canadian federal governments increased restrictions on materials and people crossing the border. Antiterrorism regulations have introduced costly compliance requirements, clearance delays, and unpredictable border wait times for companies conducting business across the international border. A recent study suggests that many Canadian and U.S.-based exporters intend to counteract these costs by implementing strategies including geographic supply chain reconfiguration. Strategic adjustments of this nature could have profound effects on the geography of North American supply chains, the structure and volume of bilateral trade, and the management of just-in-time delivery systems. This project follows up on the previous study via personal interviews with 35 businesses that had indicated an interest in geographic strategies. Preliminary findings suggest that firms are quickly adjusting to new security requirements and are improving communication channels throughout their cross-border supply chains to stay abreast of new developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the 2007 economic conditions of Canada and the U.S. According to the article, output and employment growth remained buoyant, shrugging off the effects of turmoil in world financial markets and the Canada dollar rising past parity with the U.S. greenback. Growth in the U.S. on the otherhand remained steady in the third quarter, as other sectors strengthened to offset renewed deterioration in housing.

Productivity performance of the Canadian business sector relative to its U.S. counterpart has been the subject of numerous recent studies. However, previous work has focused mainly on the manufacturing sector to explain the Canada-U.S. gap, without really exploring the role played by other industry groups. The slower productivity growth in Canada, compared with that in the United States is often identified as the main factor explaining the growing Canada-U.S. real income gap per capita. Since 1981, Canada's standard of living performance has lagged, on average, behind that of the United States. The major break in the Canada-U.S. productivity performance seems to have occurred around 1985, when productivity growth in Canada slowed significantly, relative to U.S. growth. Productivity data for Canada are from Statistics Canada.

Reports on the contribution of information and communication technology to economic growth in Canada and the U.S. during 1990s. Change in composition of investment and capital growth in Canada; Effect of historical trends of investment and capital formation on labor productivity and multifactor productivity; Sources of economic growth.

Alvin H. Hansen was one of the leading American economists from the 1930s to the 1960s. He was largely responsible for the popularization of Keynesian economics in the United States and Canada. He was responsible for the development of the stagnation thesis which explained 19th century American economic growth In terms of population growth, the frontier, and technology. The diminishing of these factors explained the decrease in the American economic growth rate in the 20th Century. Hansen's policy conclusions to prevent stagnation were Keynesian in nature and, as a result, Hansen was an early advocate of active fiscal policy in the United States. He differed with Terborgh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a neostructuralist perspective of British Caribbean development misfortunes in the world system. The recent application of newer technologies to the industrial base of the world economy, and parallel changes taking place in the ideological sphere, shapes the backdrop against which current Caribbean development planning must take place, as of 1996. Restructuring global capitalism and the ideological ascendancy of neoliberalism have together shaped a new international development paradigm. This is based on neoliberal strictures that seek to ensure the unfettered circulation of goods and services globally. The recently signed GATT Agreement (1994) sets out phasing-out timetables for barriers that block free trade. Preferential access to markets, quota restrictions, nationalization, expropriation of foreign assets, domestic infant-industry arrangements and the like are to be ultimately outlawed. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by the U.S., Canada and Mexico advances and complements some of the requirements in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The present conjuncture, however, ostensibly presents another unique opportunity for Caribbean countries. There is a transformative dialectic operating through U.S. attempts to restructure its regional hegemony in the Americas. To be sure, the reconfiguration of the Americas, as a process, has been occurring longer than the entry into force of the Canada-USA Free Trade Area and the NAFTA. Since the late 1970s there has been a growing systemic and systematic articulation of the Americas under the hegemony of the U.S. and Canada.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)