Search

This paper addresses attitudes around the projection of the EU among Latin American elites, namely the determinants of support for a Free Trade Agreement between the two regions and the trustworthiness of the EU government. We take as data elite surveys conducted in 15 Latin American countries (2014–2019) and consider sociodemographics, ideology, support for democracy, views of foreign powers, exports to the EU, and electoral democracy. Results show that ideology and support for democracy are key determinants of support for an interregional FTA, and that the trustworthiness of governments in the US, China, and Spain covary with attitudes toward the EU. The latter (trust in the government in Spain) proves to be the main driver and, furthermore, its impact is conditional on the economic strength (observed as exports) of the EU: wherever the EU is not a strong economic actor in Latin America, trust in the Spanish government does nothing but improve the image of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore how perceived discrimination impacts the emotional well-being and mental health of newly-arrived migrants in Spain; and to identify the coping strategies and behavioral changes used to deal with perceived discrimination. Design: 102 individual audio-recorded in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed through content analysis. Results: Negative emotions related to perceived discrimination included disgust, sadness, fear, loneliness, humiliation, sense of injustice, rage, feeling undervalued or vulnerable, and mixed emotions. Change in behaviors due to perceived discrimination comprised westernization or cultural assimilation, creating a good image, avoiding going out or leaving alone, hypervigilance, stop participating in politics, self-sufficiency, a positive adaptation, and paradoxically, becoming an oppressor. The identified coping strategies to deal with perceived discrimination were ignoring or not responding, isolation, self-medication, engagement in intellectual activities, leisure and sport, talking or insulting the oppressor, denouncement, physical fight or revenge, seeking comfort, increasing solidarity with others, crying, or using humor. Discrimination-related stress and related mental health problems were conveyed, as challenges related to substance abuse and addictive behaviors, mood, and anxiety. Conclusions: Findings establish initial evidence of the great impact of perceived discrimination on the health, emotional well-being, and behavior of newly-arrived migrants in Spain, alerting to the need for targeted policies and services to address the effects of discrimination in this population. Further research is needed to explore more closely the causes and effects of perceived discrimination on mental health, to develop more targeted and effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the fields of gender studies and anthropology, this interdisciplinary study analyzes the racist experiences lived by immigrant Latin American women in Spain, which influence the adherence of the subjects to cultural assimilation techniques. Assimilation is an acculturation strategy where individuals reject the culture of origin in an attempt to fully incorporate themselves into the culture of the host society. Rejecting the Latin American culture through practices and discourses is a way of protecting oneself against the systematic racism experienced in the European territory, as well as a way of getting closer to the white privilege of natives. The methodology used has been qualitative through an intersectional analysis with a gender perspective of semi-structured individual interviews carried out with ten Latin American women immigrants in Spain. In conclusion, on one hand, it is verified that the integration discourses produced by the European institutions have been incorporated by the immigrant subjects, often being interpreted as a duty of assimilation or adaptation that would imply the rejection of the culture of origin. On the other hand, it is also recognized that, simultaneously, women put into action multiple processes of agency and empowerment during their migration journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations' logics play a crucial role in the integration of immigrants. This article aims to contribute to the relatively unexplored field of immigrant integration in organisations by analysing the workplace integration of healthcare professionals in two Spanish hospitals. Analysis shows how the lack of an official integration strategy in Spain does not seem to have significantly affected inclusion mechanisms of healthcare migrant workers in two large Spanish hospitals. Organisations' internal logics indeed represent a relevant variable to understanding the process of integration and how conflicts can be de-escalated in organisations. As interviews reveal, workplace integration is not perceived as a cultural problem to the extent that healthcare professionals adapt to the way of working and establishing relationships in each hospital. Differences among professional categories are more important than ethnic diversity since immigrant integration is considered a question of professional rather than cultural assimilation. Yet, major obstacles to immigrant integration seem to proceed from the existing barriers to permanent employment of third-country nationals and cumbersome administrative procedures for foreign credentials recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine in depth the work trajectories of individuals over time, in order to provide a wider perspective of the employment history of immigrants compared to native people, by gender and for more than one decade (2005–2017) in Spain. We use microdata (cohort and multivariate analysis) from the Labour Force Survey and carry out a comparison for three groups: the Spanish born in Spain, the Spanish born abroad, and the non‐Spanish born abroad. The results confirm that the non‐Spanish born‐abroad group is characterized by the existence of segmented assimilation. All foreigners suffered a loss in their work trajectories, since their employment rate in 2017 has as yet neither reached the level of the last years of the previous economic expansion nor the level of the previous cohorts at the same age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a brief account of the findings of the project Longitudinal Study of the Second Generation in Spain (ILSEG), an eight-year-long project which constitutes the first representative study of the outcomes of children of immigrant during their adaptation process in Spain, some reflections concerning the results are shown. Firstly, implications for second generation of significant variations at the subnational level are discussed. Secondly, in spite of the partially optimistic results based on the project ILSEG, the paper considers whether certain groups of youth who become "racialized" or "ethnified" may find their pathways to economic mobility and assimilation blocked due to discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This volume presents cutting-edge research on integration and adaptation processes of second-generation immigrant adolescents in Spain that no doubt constitutes an important and timely contribution to the migration-integration debate. Principal findings of the Investigación Longitudinal de la Segunda Generación study indicate a comparatively smooth integration of secondgeneration immigrant adolescents, arguably best explained by the theoretical hypotheses of neo-assimilationism and segmented assimilation. The major strengths of the study pertain to research design and methodology, and theoretical grounding that enables it to have far-reaching implications for future research on migrant youth in Spain and beyond. The focus here is primarily on questions of transferability of major findings to other European countries, such as Sweden. In essence, the authors' findings raise a number of important questions regarding the feasibility (or infeasibility) of Spain's laisseza- faire approach to integration in countries with contrasting modes of incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spanish Legacies, Portes, Aparicio, and Haller offer the results of their longitudinal study on the assimilation of the children of immigrants in Spanish society. Thanks to their study design, which parallels the earlier Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study conducted by Portes and Rumbaut, the authors are able to compare assimilation trajectories in Spain with those of second-generation youth in the United States. This comparison raises important considerations about how immigration policy shapes assimilation processes. More centrally, the contrast between the cases invites a deeper consideration of normative questions that not only undergird immigration policy but also shape the assimilation experiences of the second generation. The juxtaposition of the two cases also elicits provocations about how the sociological theories about assimilation might have been different if they had been developed based on the Spanish, rather than the American, experience, and how those Spanish-inflected theories might support different directions of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects upon migratory movements in Spain, focusing on the role of women from Morocco and Equatorial Guinea. Immigration is analyzed as a process that leads these women towards a new reality, which severs them from their earlier lives. It also examines the integration or assimilation that accompany migration dynamics in relation to the receiving society. It can be concluded that the process is incomplete since the actual integration of women immigrants into the receiving society takes place over time, therefore, they can be considered to be "women in transition.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the degree of coherence amongst the legal, theoretical and formal speech about diversity management and the reality of the pedagogical practices in formal educational institutions. To that end is addressed a theoretical review of the different educational laws, the speeches of the teaching staff and educational practices from previous researches. The main result points to the existence of some contradictions: the concept of cultural assimilation at the same time that it is despised, both in educational legislation and in explicit and conscious teaching staff speech, ends up being the one adopted in most of the educational practices. This finding leads to some conclusions regarding the need to rethink and redefine the concept of cultural assimilation from the perspective of equality and a critical conception of ethnicity and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary relevance of the concept of "race" has been increasingly questioned around the world. In Europe, researchers often look with skepticism at the US emphasis on race, instead highlighting the capacity of culture, especially religion, to explain native opposition to immigrants. Using two distinct data sets, I examine self-reports of discrimination among immigrants in Spain, where elites have long denied racial differences, to understand how the reported salience of boundaries based on race, nationality, and religion change with acculturation. I find that reports of both nationality- and race-based discrimination are relatively common for newcomers, while reports of religion-based discrimination are quite rare. Yet, unlike reports of racial discrimination, reports of nationality discrimination decrease over time as immigrants' cultural differences decline due to their cultural assimilation. For second-generation immigrants, especially non-Europeans, race replaces nationality as the primary explanation for discrimination experiences and reports of religious discrimination grow even more infrequent. I conclude that, from the perspective of immigrants, the recent transformation of Spain into a new immigrant destination has gone hand in hand with the emergence of race as the main symbolic boundary marginalizing non-European immigrants in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the social integration process of children of immigrants from Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe in Almería (Spain). We study the social integration process in the following dimensions: socioeconomic, mixed relationships, cultural references, norms (rules of conduct), transnationality and psychosocial factors. Data were obtained by the administration of a questionnaire. The results show that the origin is a key variable in defining the social integration process. Furthermore there are other important variablesthat affect the integration process of immigrants, such as human capital, the (social) environment or religious patterns. Taking into account the variety of elements involved in the integration of immigrants in Almeria, we would speak of integration as a fragmented process which doesn´t reflect any linear logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the employment transitions of unemployed individuals who have worked before. To do so, a longitudinal data set from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (Encuesta de Población Activa, EPA) was used. The analyses were conducted for two different economic periods: expansive (2005-2007) and recessive (2008-2010). The results indicate that Latin Americans and Eastern Europeans had a higher probability of obtaining employment in Spain during the period of economic growth. This was the case after controlling for sociodemographic variables, as well as factors related to the characteristics of the last job before becoming unemployed. This advantage, however, disappears during the recession period. Moreover, the effect of some factors that influence the likelihood of being employed again, such as human capital, change depending on the phase of the economic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the linguistic integration of the second generation of immigrants in Catalonia on the basis of the theory of segmented assimilation. The main objectives are to discover which factors help to determine the preference for the Catalan language (to the detriment of Spanish and the languages of origin) and the acquisition of written skills in Catalan among these young people. The sample comprises 3578 descendants of foreign immigrants aged between 12 and 17. Various multivariable logistic regression models have been carried out on the basis of theoretically relevant predictors. The results of the analysis show that there are different itineraries for linguistic adaptation among the teenage children of immigrants, reflecting a linguistic segmentation. The text examines the theoretical and political implications of the results in the Catalan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece of work presents a series of findings resulting from an ongoing research on the socio-political integration of Muslim immigrants in Spain. Provisional findings stipulate the emergence of enhanced identities and, possibly, the move towards the 'communitarian closure' of some immigrants' communities. However, a favourable attitude for political participation, mostly in terms of electoral turnout, is highlighted, leading to a successful process of socio-political integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the career of Andrés Laguna, a Segovian physician, whose published works were conceived more as part of a strategy to improve his social position, than with a view to making a mark in the field of Renaissance Humanism. It is drawn from a wider analysis of the position of the converso in Spain in the sixteenth century which looks at the assimilationist trajectory of the second generation of conversos after the 1492 decree of expulsion, and takes Laguna as representative of those who, rather than choose exile, strove to assimilate with the literate elite of Spanish Christian society. The imperative for Laguna was to lay claim to the most advantageous position he could, and, instead of using his medical skills, as his father had done to make himself useful to the local Bishop, Andrés used the philological tools gleaned from a Humanist education to ingratiate himself with the cultural elite. He did so not just out of a desire for financial reward, but also for social elevation, professional recognition and for the protection which closeness to people in power afforded someone like him, who bore the mancha of a Jewish heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While Hemingway had a close devotion to things Spanish throughout his life, he was at times ridiculed by Spaniards for what some perceived as his pretensions as a bullfighting insider and poor ability to speak Spanish. José Castillo-Puche, friend and biographer of Hemingway, said that by the end of his life, "Ernesto was no longer a fascinating figure to people in Spain; he had become a sort of joke, in fact" (20). Through scrutiny of Hemingway's cultural forays into Spanish society—in language and toreo, in particular—this article reveals a crucial but often neglected dimension of Hemingway's relationship with the Spanish people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on research regarding the insertion of immigrant labor into the Spanish labor market and the resulting economic conditions of the country and both Spanish and immigrant workers. Topics including labor assimilation, labor mobility and cultural and economic distance are covered in the course of the study, as the authors explore the gaps between the pay and social status of Spanish laborers and their immigrant counterparts. This condition is described by the authors as occupational and salary segregation.

The assimilation of immigrants and their impact on the labour market of the host country have become a growing subject of study in recent literature. This is a topic of particular interest in countries like Spain, where immigration has become one of the main challenges of government policy in recent years. The Madrid region has experienced one of the highest increases in the number of foreign residents between 1996 and 2007. The intensity of this inflow in such a short period of time has led to restrictions on the ability of the residential and labour market to absorb all these newcomers, limiting their choice set of available dwellings and jobs. In this paper the spatial mismatch hypothesis for the Madrid region is tested by exploring the relationship between immigrants' residential location and employment accessibility as measured by commuting times. The findings reveal that immigrants from eastern Europe, Africa, Ecuador and Colombia are significantly more likely to experience higher commuting times when compared with natives. These differences in commuting times can be attributed to different preferences regarding dwelling and employment optimal decisions. However, they could also be seen as symptoms of residential segregation and the difficulties in employment accessibility experienced by immigrant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be argued that the Western Sahara forms part of the Hispanic world, not only linguistically but also culturally, despite being an African, Arab and Muslim society. However, the process of Hispanisation is a new and ongoing process that has to do, more than with the poor Spanish colonial legacy, with postcolonial connections with Latin America. A significant part of the emerging Saharawi élites have been educated in Cuba. As a result, the Cubarawis are a new 'tribe' that is contributing to the definition of the new Saharawi society -and also generating tensions. This article explores this encounter between an African, Muslim and Arab refugee nation and the 'Hispanic' world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the complexity of diplomatic and cultural exchange, assimilation, competition, and cooperation that characterized the alliance between England and Spain in the sixteenth century. It also examines the shared cultural heritage of both countries, their trade agreements, and dynastic marriages that had linked them closely by blood. Moreover, a special attention is given to Philip II's entry into London in 1554 as the new English king, a pivotal moment in the rivalry between the two countries. The general dynamics of the international diplomatic relations between the two are also discussed, demonstrating the balance between honesty and deception, admiration and jealousy, and cooperation and rivalry.

Based on a study of the special education placement process in a large city in the United States and two studies in different regions of Spain, the authors offer a comparative analysis of the relationship between professional beliefs and practices and the achievement of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. The data focus on African American and Hispanic students in the United States and on Gitano (Gypsy) and Moroccan students in Spain. Although professional attitudes in both countries revealed deficit views of CLD students, a key concern in Spain was professionals' assumption that students' cultural assimilation was a requirement for success. In the United States, deficit views, entwined with the entrenched categorical approach to school-based disabilities, contributed to ethnic disproportionality in special education. The studies illustrate how the hegemony of mainstream culture and language in schooling contributes to inappropriate academic and social exclusion for students from historically oppressed minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the economic, political, and military bonds between Spain and Nazi Germany have received much attention, the close cultural exchange between the two fascist states is little known. Thanks to its neutrality in World War I, Spain became a top priority of German cultural foreign policy in the 1930s. The Hitler government not only sought to extend its influence through German culture in Spain, but also encouraged Hispanic culture in Germany through the creation of German-Spanish societies. From 1930 to 1945 the Deutsch-Spanische Gesellschaftin Berlin (DSG) emerged as a main axis of the cultural relations between the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare health related quality of life (HRQL) between native and immigrant adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, and to analyse psychosocial factors associated with HRQL. Design: A cross sectional study of adolescents (12-18 years old) who answered a self administered questionnaire. Setting: All the secondary schools from Lloret de Mar (Girona, Spain). Participants: 1246 participants (88.9% of the eligible students). Main outcome measures: Main outcome was the Spanish version of the Vecu et Sante Percue de l'Adolescent (VSP-A), a HRQL measure addressed to adolescents. Mean scores of the VSP-A index of natives and immigrants were compared, as well as their sociodemographic and health related factors. Multiple regression examined the relation between HRQL and psychosocial factors, controlling for the effect of socioeconomic variables. Results: Half of the sample were boys, in the middle socioeconomic status, and 18.2% were immigrants (n=226). HRQL score was higher in native Spanish adolescents than immigrants (p<0.01). Multiple regression model explaining 48.1% of the VSP-A variance showed that migration in itself has no statistically significant impact on HRQL, and age, socioeconomic status, social support, discrimination, and psychological distress do play a part. Conclusions: Migrants have worse HRQL than natives but it seems to be mediated by their disadvantage in socioeconomic status, social support, and psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses upon the experiences of first and second generation Irish female migrants in Spain during the mid-eighteenth century. Recent scholarship has sought to place Irish migrants in Europe within a broad context of assimilation. The experience of Irish communities in Spain appears to have been particularly positive, with the Irish as a group being awarded equal citizenship at the beginning of the seventeenth century. However, the gendered experience of Irish assimilation into Spanish society has received limited scholarly attention. This essay analyses the experiences of two groups of Irish women living in Spain: women who lived in religious communities and the female members of one of the most elite families to have migrated from Ireland. The lives of the daughters of Ignatius White reveal the ways in which Irish women worked their way into spheres of power and influence, including the Spanish court. The networks and activities of these women show a crystallisation of the ambitions of many Irish from the first and second generation to be born in Spain. The relationship between these women, their kinship groups and their networks of power and influence offers a positive and successful example of Irish female migrant experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la inmigración china en España y la integración social. Se dice que la integración social de los inmigrantes constituye un imperativo del Estado español, aunque las instituciones locales afirman que la población china no demuestra un interés por integrarse en la sociedad española. Se analiza la forma en que las instituciones y la población china acercan la integración social. Se hablan de los conflictos entre las asociaciones voluntarias chinas y las organizaciones de inmigrantes sobre el asunto.

This article focuses on the immigration trend in Spain as of 1993. Particularly from 1985 on, Spain began to figure as a place of settlement for immigrants within the international migratory panorama. There are several basic causes for this substantial change in the position of Spain as a new center of immigration. One of them is the continuous economic development of the country, coupled with the fact that it belongs to one of the most developed region in the world, the European Commission. Over the last 25 years, the number of foreign residents in Spain has nearly quadrupled, but in the last five years the growth has been much greater. An important feature of this growing immigration, expressed in terms of the number of foreign residents is their nationality. The level of education of foreign residents is an important feature of Spanish immigration. Among foreign residents in Spain, the majority have a level of primary education, either completed or incomplete. These, along with those who have qualifications equivalent to the Bachiller Elemental or Bachiller Superior make up the majority of foreigners. Until recently, immigration to Spain has been a reducer in nature and principally made up of a nonactive population. Two clear types of immigration may be distinguished: elite and marginal.