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This study is the first in the two paper series on online buying behavior. The main purpose of this first study is to explore the online buying behavior on the basis of certain identified online behavior characteristics viz. online shopping frequency, most visited website or online retailer, any purchase in last three months, average purchase in last three months, buying behavior from more than one website, smart phone usage and its preference, perception of online shopping about time management and to find out most and least purchased product categories through online shopping. The study is based on primary data collected from 410 respondents from Lucknow and nearby areas. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire survey devised for the purpose. The survey was administered conveniently and purposively to the identified online shoppers. It consists of two sections first related to demography and the second exploring the online buying behavior characteristics. The descriptives related online buying characteristics were studied employing the tools of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. It was found that majority of the customers visit any website either 2-4 times a week or daily. Flipkart was rated as top visited website followed by Amazon and Snapdeal respectively. Most of the customers visiting any website had made a purchase in last three months with an average online expense of Rs. 4907. The findings show majority of the customers regularly visit more than one website. A very strong majority, 82% of the customers use smart phone whereas 69% of the smart phone users prefer it for shopping. The time saving perception of online shopping was also found to be prevalent among the customers. The findings indicate that clothing, apparel, footwear & accessories is the most purchased category, computers, mobiles, tabs & accessories is the 2nd most purchased category. This study discussed the descriptives related to online buying behavior characteristics. The next study in this paper series will try to determine the impact of demographic factors on these online buying behavior characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to analyse the publication pattern of the Flavours and Fragrance Journal (FFJ) published between 2000 and 2019 indexed in Scopus International database. The data was collected using the ISSN of the journal. The authors examined various Scientometrics indicators such as Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (Dt.), Annual Growth Rate (AGR), Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Lotka's Law of Scientific Productivity, Authorship pattern especially Collaborative Co-efficient, Modified Collaborative Co-efficient, Collaborative Index along with other basic indicators. The results of the study indicate that the research published in FFJ has increased over some time; CAGR of the journal is below 5.0% growth rate for all years, except 2005 (5.77 CAGR); there were 1466 (96.98%) multiple-authored research papers published in the journal compared to 45 (3.02%) single-authored research papers; among the productive institutions, the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow has published the highest publications (152); 106 countries have contributed to the FFJ. France has emerged as a major contributor with 224 publications, followed by Italy (138) and India (118) respectively and the highest frequency keyword used by the authors was "essential oil" with 329 publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A region's population growth inevitably results in higher water consumption. This persistent rise in water use increases the region's wastewater production. Consequently, due to this increase in wastewater (influent), Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are required to run effectively in order to handle the huge demand for treated/processed water (effluent). Knowing in advance the influent and effluent parameters increases the operational efficiency and enables cost-effective utilization of diverse resources at wastewater treatment plants. This paper is based on a prediction/forecasting of an influent quality parameter, namely total MLD, as well as effluent quality parameters, namely MPN, BOD, DO, COD and pH for the real-time data collected pre-, during and post-COVID-19 at the Bharwara WWTP in Lucknow, India. It is the largest UASB-based wastewater treatment facility in Uttar Pradesh and the second largest in Asia. In this paper, we propose a novel model namely, wPred comprising extensions of SARIMA with seasonal order and ANN-based ML models to estimate the influent and effluent quality parameters, respectively, and compare it with the existing machine learning models. The lowest sMAPE error for the influent parameters using wPred is 2.59%. The findings of the paper show a strong correlation (R-value), up to 0.99, between the effluent parameters actually measured and predicted. As a result, the model designed in this paper has an acceptable level of accuracy and generalizability which efficiently predicts/forecasts the performance of Bharwara WWTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs play a very significant role in the development of a nation. These are the people who bring new ideas to the market and work hard to make their ideas achievable with profits. Women Entrepreneurs is meant to be a group of women who commence, manage, control, and exercise a business organization. Any enterprise run by a woman or group of women comes under the head of women entrepreneurs. The Government of India (GOI 2006) has defined a female entrepreneur as "A women entrepreneur is defined as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women". In other words, Women Entrepreneur is someone who takes up challenges to meet their personal desires, needs, and wants and becomes financially independent. Earlier, it was observed that women were the most unexplored resource in the field of entrepreneurship. But, today, females entrepreneurs have gained much recognition and importance in view of establishing a new venture and contributing to the development and growth of the economy as a whole. In the city of Lucknow, the women entrepreneurs didn't face the challenges of funding or ideas, but the main problem was the 'log kya kahengey' attitude, and this is the main reason most women had not put their dreams to work. This research paper tries to know about the problems and challenges faced by female entrepreneurs while doing business in the city of Lucknow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we follow the approach of progressed innovation, modify structures that is residential & commercial buildings are outlined with expanded adaptability, expanding their helplessness to outside excitation. Subsequently, these structures are powerless to intemperate modes of seismic tremors. To secure such gracious structures from noteworthy basic harm, the tectonic reactions of these structures is analyzed along with the determination of forces such as support responses, node displacements, beam results etc., and included within the basic plan for a ground shaking safe structure. The fundamental purpose of this paper is to make an earthquake resistant building by performing seismic analysis of the designed structure using "Static Equivalent Method of Analysis". The analysis and design of the structure is done by utilizing STAAD. Pro software. For this reason, a G+11 building plan in Lucknow city is undertaken which lies in earthquake Zone-III as per IS 1893:2016 on medium soil type with Zone factor 0.16, for Ordinary Moment Resistant Frame, Importance factor 1.2, Response Reduction Factor is 3 and Damping ratio 5%. Main motto of paper is an analysis of seismicity on the RCC building frame on G+11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the efforts at establishing observatories in India for modern astronomical observations made by aristocrats over the last century or so prior to Indian independence in 1947. The focus of this paper is therefore on three institutions only, the Royal Observatory at Lucknow, Trevandrum Observatory, and Nizamiah Observatory in Hyderabad. This demonstrates that the concept of 'patronage' was alive and well in nineteenth century India, just as it was in Britain, Europe and North America. These observatories primarily were established either to encourage educated Indians to gain a realistic knowledge of Western astronomy, or so that India itself could contribute to that body of research knowledge. One of these institutions, Nizamiah Observatory was India's sole observatory involved in the ambitious international Astrographic Catalogue and Carte du Ciel and Project. It is telling that quite early in its history this Observatory ended up with a university, while this fate later befell Trevandrum Observatory. It is notable that none of the observatories discussed in this paper has survived in its original form through to the present day as a forefront astronomical research facility. Moreover, relatively early in its history Trevandrum Observatory abandoned astronomy and shifted its focus to geomagnetism. Unlike the observatories discussed in the first paper in this series, none of the observatories reviewed in this paper was set up primarily to further Britain's colonial ambitions. All were local Indian initiatives, yet each received support, in one way or another, from British astronomers or observatories--so the colonial link was still there, but only as an underlying element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, medium-sized Indian cities have experienced accelerated urban growth due to the saturation of large cities. Such rapid urban growth combined with inadequate urban planning has triggered urban sprawl in medium-sized Indian cities. In this context, the present study focuses on the geospatial measurement of urban sprawl in four rapidly expanding Indian medium-sized cities located in diverse physiographic regions, such as Lucknow urban agglomeration (UA), Bhubaneswar UA, Raipur UA, and Dehradun UA. Multi-temporal Landsat imageries from 1991 to 2021 were downloaded for land cover classification through the maximum likelihood classification tool in ArcGIS 10.3. Thereafter, spatiotemporal land cover change detection was performed based on the classified land cover maps. The presence of urban sprawl was detected using the relative entropy index while the urban expansion index quantified the urban sprawl typologies such as edge expansion, leapfrog development, and ribbon development. The results exhibited a rapid rise in built-up land cover from 1991 to 2021. The prevalence of urban sprawl was detected in all four cities as per the relative entropy index. Edge expansion typology of urban sprawl was dominant compared to leapfrog development and ribbon development. Such urban growth phenomenon creates a hindrance in promoting sustainable urban development in medium-sized Indian cities. The results obtained from this paper would assist urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to encourage planned urban growth. This paper exhibits the potential of geoinformatics to monitor and analyze urban sprawl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing is more than just bricks and mortar and it is the building block of a community and the community builds a common stock of social relationships. Residential satisfaction is a broad concept and is associated with multidimensional aspects including physical, social, and neighbourhood factors, as well as psychological and socio-demographic characteristics of the residents. This Present paper analyses housing satisfaction among occupants of Lucknow city aspects of basic amenities based on views of 450 respondents residing in houses constructed by Private Builder, Government agencies and Selfconstructed houses in Lucknow city. Obtained data has been analyzed using various statistical tools and techniques. Results of the study reveal that there is a remarkable difference in level of housing satisfaction among occupants of three selected type of houses. Formulation of Rank order of Socio-Psychological problems and Comprehensive integrated approach to issues & challenges related to Housing occupants of Lucknow have also been analyzed under this paper. Satisfaction from neighbourhood is observed considerably more in occupants of houses constructed by Government companies in comparison to private builders in addition to self-constructed houses. Satisfaction from social infrastructure has also been also found remarkably high in occupants of houses constructed by government organizations, while pleasure from excellent, safety, layout and planning of homes has been found remarkably excessive in occupants of homes built by way of private builders and self-built homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid urbanization and exponential growth in transportation; traffic noise has become a major area of concern. Noise not only disturbs our day-to-day life but also have severe adverse health effects over humans which further may lead to mortality. This paper focuses on the behavior of noise levels of Lucknow city over a decade and establishes its correlation with impact on human health in terms of annoyance and sleep disturbance. Apart from Leq, different noise parameters like L10, L50, L90, Traffic Noise Index (TNI), Noise Pollution Index (NPI), and Noise Climate (NC) have also been analyzed to understand the variation of noise. At all the locations, the noise level has been found exceeding their prescribed standards during day time and night time except at Amausi. Out of nine locations, TNI was found to be exceeding at three locations during day time and NPI exceeding at one location. However, during night time both values of TNI and NPL were observed within the limit at all the locations. From the noise map of the city during day time and night time, among all sampling locations, Charbagh has been found to be worst affected by noise pollution. A strong positive correlation has been observed among the total population, vehicular count, and day and night time noise data, which directly contribute to a higher percentage of sleep disturbance and annoyance among residents. Due to the increase in noise levels over a period of time, almost four times the population get affected by high annoyance and almost double the population get affected by sleep disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prior studies reflected that eWOM has significant positive impact on different marketing outcomes but study of impact of eWOM on online purchase intention is comparatively a less explored area. Prior research has demonstrated a strong influence of eWOM on consumers. However, it is not known whether individuals react differently to eWOM when it concerns branded products rather than unbranded products. This paper therefore examines the impact of branded and unbranded electronic products on consumers’ reaction towards positive and negative eWOM. The study is conducted to highlight the customer preference of branded and unbranded electronic products by reviewing eWOM patterns online in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh region. The current study is limited to the sample size of 150 customers who purchased electronic products online. The study depicts that both the perception level as well as behavioural level show that eWOM has a stronger influence on purchase intention for unbranded electronic products as compared to branded electronic products. At a perception level negative messages are seen as more negative when concerning branded electronic products rather than unbranded electronic products. Thus, the role of eWOM in selecting branded and unbranded electronic products in online context is examined in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented adverse impact on women's health. Evidence from the literature suggests that violence against women has increased multifold. Gender-based violence in urban slums has worsened due to a lack of water and sanitation services, overcrowding, deteriorating conditions and a lack of institutional frameworks to address gender inequities. Methods: The SAMBHAV (Synchronized Action for Marginalized to Improve Behaviors and Vulnerabilities) initiative was launched between June 2020 to December 2020 by collaborating with the Uttar Pradesh state government, UNICEF and UNDP. The program intended to reach 6000 families in 30 UPS (Urban Poor settlements) of 13 city wards. These 30 UPS were divided into 5 clusters. The survey was conducted in 760 households, 397 taken from randomly selected 15 interventions and 363 households from 15 control UPS. This paper utilized data from a baseline assessment of gender and decision-making from a household survey conducted in the selected UPS during July 03-15, 2020. A sample size of 360 completed interviews was calculated for intervention and control areas to measure changes attributable to the SAMBHAV intervention in the behaviours and service utilization (pre- and post-intervention). Results: The data analysis showed a significant difference (p-value < 0.001) between respondents regarding women's freedom to move alone in the control and intervention area. It also reflected a significant difference between control and intervention areas as the respondents in the intervention area chose to work for the cause of gender-based violence. Conclusion: The SAMBHAV initiative brought an intersectional lens to gender issues. The community volunteers were trained to approach issues based on gender-based violence with the local public, and various conferences and meetings were organized to sensitize the community. The initiative 's overall impact was that it built momentum around the issue of applying the conc ept of intersectionality for gender issues and building resilience in the community. There is still a need to bring multi -layered and more aggressive approaches to reduce the prevalence of gender-based violence in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both emotional quotient and intelligence quotient are immensely important trait required in a manger. The present study aims at studying emotional intelligence among managers of hospitality industry and to assess relationship between job related factors and their emotional intelligence level. Job related factor used in this study are work experience level and educational qualification of participants. Experience level ranges from 0 to 10 years and educational qualification of managers were categorized into three categories i.e., graduate, post graduate and professional degree. A total of 100 managers were selected using stratified random sampling technique from various organization of hospitality industry in Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh. Emotional intelligence level of participants was recorded using Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 28. Analysis of result helps in concluding that high level of emotional intelligence was found among majority of managers in hospitality industry and there is no significant relationship between jobrelated factors (like experience level and educational qualification) of manager's emotional intelligence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural to urban migration is rampant in India. Cities that are Petri dishes for rapid neo-liberal development can be unforgiving places for the vulnerable migrant population. The question we are looking forward to answering here is, how does neoliberal development in the cities affect and shape the lived experience of the vulnerable in-migrants in the growing cities of India? To explore this question, we have taken the case of migrant women to waste pickers who originate from Barpeta, Assam, and have settled in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. These women are placed at the lowest link in the hierarchy of power and economic structures in the urban spaces. They have been working for years, contributing significantly to the waste management of cities by segregation, cleaning, and recycling waste. Under the changing forms of governance, they have been facing a threat to their livelihoods. The paper is based on qualitative data collected through a field study conducted between December 2018 and December 2020 in villages in Barpeta as well as in slums in Lucknow inhabited by these Bengali-speaking Muslim migrants from Barpeta in Lower Assam. Data for this study were collected through the survey (n = 200) including semi-structured interviews (n = 100), follow-up visits (n = 70), and focus group discussions and case studies (n = 30). This paper is an attempt to present a gendered perspective on the trials and tribulations of women waste pickers and their place in the expeditious city space. In addition to the modality of statecraft, we have also explored various social, political, and economic dynamics that further affect them. Based on the findings that emerge from the qualitative data collected from the field, the paper has concluded with some policy recommendations that will help improve the lives of these women waste pickers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In public health, the representation and analysis of the incidence of the disease play an important role in assessing the regional disparity and health infrastructure. The geographic information system is one of the best methods to do so. This paper aims to visualise the spread of COVID-19 and perform cluster analysis. The prospective Poisson space-time scan statistic was utilised to detect clusters of COVID-19 at the district level in the Uttar Pradesh state of India. The spatial mapping was performed to assess the situation of COVID-19 and related factors. The log-likelihood ratio and relative risk were calculated monthly from May to December 2020. As per the results, the size and location of clusters kept changing with being more concentrated in Lucknow, Kanpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar districts and NCR regions. The significance of these clusters was less than 0.001. The detection of these clusters helped understand the overall dynamics of the disease spread. The number of confirmed cases declined in most districts, with only a few being at higher risk and needing more attention and resources. It was concluded based on the analysis that the areas of higher economic activities and population density with higher access to hospitals and testing had a larger number of cases and were the regions of hotspots. The findings can help to create health awareness, monitor situations in real-time and evaluate the steps taken to assess their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 Pandemic has affected the global population. In this paper we have tried to study the possible contributing factors to suicides along with the demographic data of people committing suicides. Aim of the study- to analyse the role and magnitude of severity of these factors contributing to suicides and devising possible strategies to help the vulnerable groups to cope with such situations in future. Material &methods- We had conducted an observational analysis of suicidal deaths which occurred in Lucknow during the Lockdown period in India. Observations- A total 59 suicides were reported in Lucknow during the lockdown period of 69 days. Majority of suicides were done by Hanging (93.2%), Economic factors accounted for 49.2%, domestic conflicts 23.7%, psychological and emotional factors (27.1%). Conclusion- we should try to develop strategies and appropriate and timely interventions to eliminate the contributing predisposing factors to suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, 54.5% of the total population was living in urban settings in 2016 and a projection indicates that if the same trend goes, then this population will be 60% in 2030. Natural land has been converted to impervious space rapidly which is altering the climate change. The main focus of the present paper is the study of Land Surface Temperature (LST) dynamics and its relationship with Land Indices, viz., Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which is found negative, Normal Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) which is found positive, Enhanced Built-up and Bareness Index (EBBI) which is found positive in Lucknow city on both time points of 1993 and 2019. This study also includes the effects of land indices on LST profiling in nine different parts and eight different directions to explore the spatial dynamics of city landscape. The NDVI is found higher in the southern side than any other parts of the city in 2019 because of high vegetation growth which resulted in reduction of LST by 4.42 °C to 5.76 °C as compared to parts of the city. The results of NDBI and EBBI exhibit high built-up growth in the landscape of the Lucknow city especially from city center to 13 kms (least growth in south-eastern side) from 1993 to 2019. The results indicate intensification of LST in the range of 0.26 °C to 2.24 °C between city centre and city periphery from 1993 to 2019. The findings of the present study will help urban planners and policy makers to adopt suitable measures for sustainable planning for Lucknow city landscape to reduce the adverse effects of LST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to see the process of SHG, VO (Village Organization) and MS (Mandal Samakhaya) formation and their norms which strongly promoting women’s empowerment in the Andhra Pradesh. For said purpose Information’s were collected through personally interaction with the members of SHG in Village Organization Meeting (VO Meeting) during five days exposer visit (25 Nov to 30 Nov, 2013) which was supervised by National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD), Hyderabad (A.P.) Staff members on the recommendation of Deendayal Upadhyaya State Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow (U.P.). Result can be concluded in terms of the SHG formation, VO and MS and their rules for the women empowerment in Warangal district is fully transparent and empowered the rural women at each stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information seeking is viewed as cognitive exercise and information need is now becoming basic need of the human beings. The papers deals with information needs and information seeking behavior of the villagers who are playing a major role in economic condition of the country, but what resources they are getting for satisfying their information need. The condition of villages is not so good in terms of information gathering. Therefore the paper highlights the status of information need the information behavior of villagers in Mohanlalganj Block, Lucknow City, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with some of the selected students of B. Tech. course of PSIT College of Engineering, Kanpur affiliated to AKTU, Lucknow. Total 152 students were selected through a survey of their satisfaction level during the course of their study based on program outcomes. It has been found that students had a significant association with the dependent variable (program outcomes POs [1]). However, the respondents showed a great association with their study levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature has begun to furnish information on the prevalence of child abuse in India. The irony is that the perpetrator is often well known to the child and often intra-familial. Though in some situations, it is beyond their control but many times the family fails to protect the child from sexual abuse. The cultural tradition of the family being a "private space" provides little scope for intercession of public into critiquing its members. Furthermore, severe barriers of culture, traditional practices and social stigma attached in the society make it difficult to speak about the incidences of child abuse in public. The globalization process with modern technology has had it both positive and negative effects. Though it has opened new spaces for gender equality, it also encourages commodification of the bodies. The present paper is based on empirical data collected from one hundred respondents with four in-depth case studies of college girls studying in undergraduate and postgraduate programs of the selected colleges of Lucknow city. It attempts to reflect on the incidents of child abuse through narratives on the complex situation and the processes through which the victim, the family members and the civil society at large deals with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanitation is a multidimensional concept alluding primarily to provision of services for safe disposal of human excreta, provision of clean potable water as well as maintenance of hygiene through judicious means of wastewater and solid waste disposal. This paper aims at studying the accessibility to toilet facilities by 350 slum residents belonging to 308 households, majority of whom are women. These were drawn from 14 selected notified slum colonies of Lucknow city during a field survey conducted in 2017. It was found that 68.42% respondent used shared toilet facilities, followed by private facilities at 10.57%. 19.21% depended on community toilets while 1.8% assented to open defecation. The BMI of women slum residents was found to be positively correlated with usage of private toilets (0.38; p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with open defecation (− 0.24; p < 0.01) both being considered as variables of sanitation conditions. Amongst the socio economic variables, the BMI of women slum residents was found to be positively correlated with median household income (0.64; p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with labour as a means of occupation (− 0.27; p < 0.01). In addition, a composite index was devised in order to assess the level of sanitation and socio economic development in the surveyed city slums. The slums close to the city core were found to be better developed compared to the ones at the periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total electron data (TEC) from GPS nowadays can be used as a tool for understanding the space weather phenomena. The development of prediction model for TEC is quiet crucial and challenging due to the dynamic behavior of the ionosphere, since it depends on different factors such as seasonal, diurnal and spatial variations, solar geomagnetic conditions etc. In this paper, an attempt is made for predicting the GPS derived TEC values for different GNSS stations over India using a hybrid method based on Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning method. The daily TEC time series data from the IISc Bangalore (Latitude 13.021, Longitude 77.570), Lucknow (Latitude 26.912, Longitude 80.956) and Hyderabad (Latitude 17.417, Longitude 78.551) stations over India during the period 2008 to 2015 of solar cycle 23 and 24 is used for analysis. The assessment of model performance for testing predicted output compared with LSTM and EMD-LSTM models, and their comparison results show that the hybrid EEMD-LSTM model presents better than the other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern buildings are highly glazed and necessitate an enormous amount of energy to maintain thermal and visual comfort. To reduce the energy requirements of such buildings, conventional glazings should be replaced by energy-efficient glazing systems. In this paper, the cost-effective insulating material is used in the glazing application. This glazing system is made by filling the crystal mud transparent slime (TS) in the air gap of the conventional double-glazing unit. The solar-optical and colour rendering properties, thermal properties, solar heat gains, yearly net operating costs and cost savings, repayment period, and CO 2 emission mitigation of transparent slime glazings with varied gaps, including 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm, were evaluated. These evaluations were made for the Sholapur (hot and dry) and Lucknow (composite) climatic zones of India. This study revealed the potential of TS glazings in reducing the heat gains, net operating costs and CO 2 emissions compared to conventional double-glazing units (ADGUs) with 4 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm air gaps. In comparison to conventional air-filled double glazing with a 12 mm gap (ADGU-12), transparent slime glazing with a 12 mm gap (TS-12) has demonstrated the greatest savings in heat gain of 21.3 % and yearly net operating cost of 21.32 %. TS-12 has recorded the highest cost savings of $132.62 and $119.85 for the Sholapur and Lucknow climatic zones respectively. TS-12 obtained the highest CO 2 emission mitigation of 2.107 (tCO 2 /year) for Sholapur climatic conditions. All the TS glazings have shown a very less repayment period ranging from 4.97 to 6.16 years. Daylighting analysis for a dining hall building model with TS glazings revealed adequate natural illumination inside the building. All the TS glazings have shown good colour quality and uniform daylighting. This work gives a novel idea for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. • A novel crystal mud transparent slime glazing system for buildings • Transparent slime glazing system as a replacement to conventional double glazing systems • Solar optical properties of transparent slime glazing systems • Transparent slime glazing system for reduced annual net cooling and heating costs • Transparent slime glazing system for enhanced daylight factors and useful daylight illuminance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emotionally intelligent employee will deal with his client in an efficient manner focusing on best customer experience. Now a days, intelligence quotient and emotional quotient are simultaneously considered as very crucial trait in professional employees. Emotional Quotient is nothing but a measure or score of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence has become an important predictor of various aspects of employee's performance at work. This article examines the impact of age and gender of professional employees on their emotional intelligence level.100 professional employees were randomly selected from various organization in Lucknow. Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test formulated by Dr. Nicolas Schutte is research instrument adapted to record emotional intelligence level of participants. Analysis of result helps in summarizing that age of professional employees do not have significant impact on their emotional intelligence level whereas gender of professional employees has a significant impact on their emotional intelligence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable site selection for the installation of solar power stations in urban areas is critical for the reason that one of the criteria parameters, aerosol pollution, which is a significant threat to the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, is happened to be varied place to place within and surrounding areas of the urban region. Therefore, the present work is an attempt to ascertain the potential reduction of solar power generation between a commercial and a background site in the urban region of Lucknow, India. Power generation of 125-kW/h capacities of solar PV modules is installed in two campuses (i.e., commercial region and background region) of a national research institute CSIR-IITR, Lucknow. Simultaneous on-site hourly particle pollution measurements for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were captured using optical principle-based PALAS Frog Dust Analyzer for both locations from morning 7 AM to evening 5 PM during February 15–21, 2021 (i.e., Monday–Sunday). Mean concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were recorded for the commercial area as 47 µg/m3, 76 µg/m3, and 164 µg/m3, and in the background area as 20 µg/m3, 39 µg/m3, and 69 µg/m3, respectively. Despite the unchanged solar irradiance over the city, the power outputs of the solar power station located at the background area are found consistently higher than the power station at the commercial area as recorded atmospheric PM# levels at the commercial site are higher. Further, identified the deposition of dust particles on PV panels is gradually increased from clean-day to dusty-day, and this is relatively enhanced with higher level at commercial area than city background due to the load of coarse size particles in the ambient air and their instantaneous deposition on solar panels. Therefore, the loss of solar power output was found maximum of 17.2% and 6.17% in the commercial area and the background area, respectively. The study results revealed the importance of the selection of pollution-free sites for the effectiveness of energy generation by the solar power station in urban regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the mental well being of rag pickers of Lucknow City. Rag picking is a severe and worst form of child labour. It is the most unhygienic, dangerous job in scrap collection. The children of poverty stricken classes or slum dwellers are engaged in such activities. They collect waste or broken articles and glass of plastic, tin, iron, from garbage and dirty places of urban areas. The glass, metal, iron pieces may injure their bare feet. Children engaged in rag picking, face various health problems like tetanus and skin diseases. Mental well being describes your mental state-how one feels? And how well one can cope with dayto- day life? As the study is exploratory in nature, survey method was adopted to collect the information from the target population. The main tool in the study was a self prepared interview schedule which consisted of general and specific information of the respondents targeted for the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions and expectations of users towards public libraries. Public libraries are meant for the public and run by the public money and provide services to all the members of the society without any discrimination. To achieve the objectives of the study a survey has been conducted in selected public libraries in Lucknow. For the collection of the data well designed questionnaire was used and data were collected to 135 respondents selected from the 09 public library. The major results were as follows: the study finds that most of the respondents were male and the common reason of respondents for visiting a library for study and competition purpose. The study findings are as follows; the services are good, staffs are cooperative and computer and internet facilities are very poor. The users of public libraries have more expectations like, lack of internet and wifi facility, library websites, photocopy facility, computer facility etc. Some people are not aware about the public library so advertised of public library and more financial support will be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retail industry in India, being one of the largest retail industries in the world in terms of growth, provides goods and services to a large number of people from various strata of society. Retail sector also supports to create huge employment opportunities for the young generation as new form of organized retail sector has emerged within the retail industry. The objective of this paper is to examine the activities in which consumers engage in malls and why the mall culture is gaining acceptance among consumers. The paper focuses on the factors (specially demographic and social) which influence the shopping at malls in Lucknow. Another objective of study is to understand consumer behavior towards shopping malls and also to find out the consumer's satisfaction level from shopping malls. The study finds that consumers prefer shopping, eating at food courts, window shopping and entertainment in the form of movies at multiplexes or video game parlors in malls. Consumers prefer the air conditioned environment (shopping ambiance), availability of several product categories under one roof, quality of service, car parking facilities, convenience of shopping and the confidence that the store-owner is not cheating in context of mall. So, the retail industry in India must take concrete steps to withstand the growing global competition in market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theo bjective of this research paper is to measure the consumer decision for reconsidering service provider based on consumer satisfaction in credence services, in terms of the extent of the service provided by service provider. Design/methodology/approach - A primary survey with outpatients using the structured questionnaire was undertaken. Information collected around basic amenities & empathy during treatment was taken with a survey of outpatients (n =150) to examine their practices for a range of credence services. Findings - As the output of the study suggested that higher the consumer offerings increase the consumer satisfaction which leads to reconsideration of the service provider during the selection of service provider. However, the section of service providers based on other factors and the consumer encouragement, knowledge & provider credibility together establishing an offering of decision leads the most important source of credibility. Research Limitation/implications-The result of this study is based on limited geographical spread as the study conducted only in the Lucknow area and previous other studies also have suggested other ways to major the satisfaction. It would be useful more strongly whether basic amenities & empathy during treatment in hospitals have a significant role on satisfaction. Originality/Value-The study shows the ways that the information search around basic amenities & empathy during treatment in hospitals of credence services have a wide range parameter to increase the service provider credibility. The study result is unique in this area of research and develops the importance of credence service for considering the service provider during reselection of service provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is inclined towards identifying the cause and awareness of the scholarly community in institutes of higher education toward the issue of academic dishonesty. A questionnaire was distributed to research scholars pertaining to the faculty of science and social science of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow. The results show that the students are aware of the issue of plagiarism and academic dishonesty. However, due to lack of encouragement to be fair and thorough system they do not consider it to be a big challenge. The author recommends mission mode action for awareness of students and faculty towards the issue of fair use and plagiarism. It has also been emphasised for all Indian universities to design a proper mechanism and honour code for all academic outputs to be channelized through review and anti-plagiarism system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses to the parametric analysis of Indian Railway Rajdhani (LHB) coach. A suitable mathematical model of 40 degrees of freedom (DOF) is formulated by Lagrangian method. The mathematical model of rail-vehicle is modelled by considering eleven mass system containing of backseat support (without cushion), a seat, a car body, two (front and Rear) bolsters, two (front and Rear) bogie frame and four wheelaxles (front bogie front & rear wheel axles and rear bogie front & rear wheel axles. The vehicle is simulated to travel at speed of 100 km/hr on a tangent track. The results from the simulation are validated by comparing the same with the results from experimental data which is acquired from research designs and standards organization (RDSO), Lucknow (India). The parametric analysis is performed to estimate the effect of different parameters of rail-vehicle on the ride behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivers play important role to human life. According to the old history, human civilizations were developed on the bank of rivers. But due to modern civilization and further growth in human population, the quality and quantity of river has been reduced. Water pollution is a world-wide problem and became a global problem. It is leading global deaths of living beings and spreading of harmful deadly diseases throughout the world. Due to water pollution it is accounted for the deaths of more than about 14,000 people daily. For about 700 million people don't have access to a paper toilet and good hygiene in their daily life. The drainage systems are the major source of the water pollution especially from the rivers which is flowing through the city. These drainage systems generally carry industrial wastes and domestic wastes as well as sewage and medicinal wastes making the river water horrendously polluted to the core. The greater part of the significant towns are situated close to the stream banks gathering each waste sources in it. The river Gomti flows through Lucknow, India and is the main source of water for every purpose for the city. Gomti stream is begun from Madhoganj Tanda town in Pilibhit district, UP. It streams throughthe locale of Shahjahanpur, Hardoi, Sitapur, Kheri, Barabanki, Lucknow, Sultanpur, Jaunpur and at last gets together with Ganga. Gomti river receives huge amount of industrial effluents to domestic discharge as well as sewage and agricultural run-off which again brings lot of pesticides, fertilizer. Then streetnwashouts brings oil, asphalts, sediments and many types of heavy metals. These activities made the river a flowing dumping yard. The present study shows the water quality of river Gomti at Lucknow. Three sample sites were selected infront of the Riverfront of Lucknow. Parameters like pH.nDissolvednoxygen, nTotalnhardness, nTotalnalkalinity, nChloride were determined. The sources of pollution in the river deteriorated the quality of water considerably in the selected stretch of Gomti river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the events faced by urban poor households in Lucknow, India and household responses in the face of these events. Using household and individual data collected in 2002 from 12 slum settlements, the authors found that certain events, such as illness and social and religious spending, are more frequent than others and that some groups, characterized by gender of head of household, community and economic status, experience certain event types more than others. It also found that some less frequent events may be very burdensome due to their high severity. Responses to common event types exhibited a pattern. Households reduced consumption, used savings and took loans much more frequently than other options, across event types. Variations in responses were identified by event type and severity and economic status. The results illustrate the need for both protective and promotive interventions to improve livelihood security among the urban poor. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of cities has been one of the most phenomenal achievements of human endeavor. Adults are the major stakeholders for such achievements but the children are helpless and representationless. The current research paper aims at understanding the issues faced by the children in the rapidly urbanized world where the lack of child-friendly environments/open spaces for their outdoor activities is cause for concern. The research paper looked at various national and international norms, standards, and practices of parks and open spaces to identify various child-friendly environmental parameters. The research adopted the Delphi method as a tool for the validation of child-friendly environment parameters. It also used children's drawings and essays to understand children's perceptions about the child-friendly environment. It is observed that present government norms and policies do not adhere to those parameters. The research found that Lucknow city does not meet the defined quantitative norms and standards as laid out by the national norms and standards for open spaces and parks. The quality dimensions for planning a child-friendly environment are weakly addressed by cities and neighborhoods. The city neighborhoods lack the physical, cognitive, perceptional, emotional, and social dimensions of a child-friendly environment. There is a need to adopt suitable norms and standards with measurable parameters as part of various dimensions and implement these in creating a child-friendly environment in planned neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally, accompanied by a relative decline in communicable diseases. Aims: With this background, the research was planned to determine the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags (STs) in the study population and to examine the relationship between the presence of AN and ST with commonly used indicators such as waist-to-height ratio (W/Ht.), Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and body mass index for predicting the risk of NCDs. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was done at a health facility in Lucknow (India). Methodology: Consecutive sampling was employed to select 152 apparently healthy adults as the participants. Data collection involved administering a questionnaire and conducting anthropometry using standardized methods. Visual inspection was conducted to identify AN or ST on the common sites. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel, followed by data analysis using SPSS. To test the association between variables "significance of difference of mean," Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and estimation of Kohen's kappa were used. A "P" value was considered statistically significant at <0.05 level. The sensitivity and specificity of AN and ST were also estimated in predicting the risk of NCDs. Results: The prevalence of AN was 19.08% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.76%–25.40%), while the prevalence of STs was 28.29% (95% CI = 21.05%–35.53%). AN showed a sensitivity of 22.4% and specificity of 96.3% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 26.44% and specificity of 90.77% with IDRS as the standard. ST exhibited a sensitivity of 32.0% and specificity of 88.89% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 37.93% and specificity of 84.62% with IDRS as the standard. Conclusion: AN and ST can be used as simple and time-saving tools in screening protocols for (NCDs). Further research is desirable to validate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study was aimed at identifying the incidence of unreported probable hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on anti-diabetic medications, using the screening Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in real-world situations. Methods: It was a multicentre cross-sectional study on consecutive individuals attending 10 diabetes care centres in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The inclusion criteria were as follows: known individuals with T2DM, literate, age greater than or equal to 18 years, on at least one anti-diabetic agent for more than a month and not engaged in regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018, involving 1198 participants. The mean age of the individuals enrolled was 53.45 years (±10.83), with males comprising 55.3% of the population. It was found that 63.6% of patients were on sulphonylurea (SU), 14.5% were on pioglitazone, 92.2% on metformin, 62.3% on Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4i) and 12.8% on Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2i). The mean SHQ score was 1.81 (±1.59). Probable hypoglycaemia was mild in 57.59%, moderate in 14.69% and severe in 1.41%. Those with diabetic neuropathy (P = <0.001), retinopathy (P = <0.001) and nephropathy (P = <0.001) had significantly higher SHQ scores. Insulin or SU use was associated with a significantly higher SHQ score. Concomitant statin use was associated with a lower incidence of mild, moderate and severe hypoglycaemia (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, we found that age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin use and fasting blood sugar were the most important factors associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia with an R2 cut-off of 0.7. Conclusion: SHQ was discovered to be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for outpatient detection of hypoglycaemia in an Indian setting, and it can add value to management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational commitment is one of the most researched areas in behavioral studies. As commitment to an organization is the backbone for any effectively functioning organization, commitment has received a very special attention by practitioners in an organization. Age, organization tenure and gender are antecedents to organizational commitment. This paper studies commitment with relation to gender, age and organization tenure among private school teachers in Lucknow, India. The study also looks into the interaction effect of gender with age and organizational tenure in understanding commitment. Analysis of data is conducted with statistical tools like independent t test, one way ANOVAand two ways ANOVA. The results show that there is no significant difference among gender, age groups and grouping by tenure with regard to commitment scores. But both the interaction effects are significant. Results are elaborated upon in the discussion section. Limitations, managerial implications and future research areas are also discussed. The concept of organizational commitment has matured and finds acceptability and adoration in the literature on industrial and organizational psychology (Cohen, 2003).Organizational behaviour in the workplace has been greatly linked to organizational commitment in many researches. (Porter et al., 1974). Among all forms of commitment, organizational commitment 'is currently enjoying widespread popularity' (Griffin and Bateman, 1986, p. 166). Though individuals can be committed to an array of foci (Meyer & Herscovitch, 2001; Reichers, 1985), like occupations (Meyer et al., 1993),unions (Fullagar, Gallagher, Clark, & Carroll, 2004), career (Blau, 1985a) organizational commitment is the most evolved of all constructs (Morrow & McElroy, 1986). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer's attitudes are changing towards the environment to encourage innovation for conservation and the benefits from this source of innovation are certain to outlive our current generation. This research work investigates consumer beliefs and attitude on environment protection and their purchasing behavior of eco-friendly products and also focuses on the success of efforts put by marketers in bringing green brands awareness in consumer's mind. It further reviews consumer behavior and impact of marketing communication to identify how consumers are persuaded to opt for greener products. This paper identifies that consumers are not exposed enough to green product marketing communication and suggests the greater use of marketing and brands to promote and sell products that are environmentally friendly and function effectively. The objective of my research is to find out the challenges being faced by companies pursuing green marketing and to analyze consumer's willingness to pay high for green products. The data which I have collected from the various sources of primary through questionnaire and secondary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chiffoniers are casual specialists who gather recyclable materials to win a little compensation on regular schedule. Their life and working conditions are amazingly troublesome. This paper inspected the wellbeing perils of the chiffonier working in dumping ground of slum areas. Aim: This purpose of this study was to assess the health problems of the chiffonier. Methods: This study collected data by interviewing 120 chiffoniers in Lucknow city. The health hazards were assessed using a self-made interview schedule. Snowball sampling was used to choose the data. Results: The study shows waste pickers suffer from physical health hazards. The purpose behind occupied with such sort of work is expected not having some other abilities and simple or day by day earnings. They faced problem redness of eyes; headache, back pain, skin infections, allergy cut and accidental injuries are very common among chiffoniers. Conclusion: The finding of the study, it can be concluded that chiffoniers face many working health hazards. Majority of the waste pickers frequently report physical health problems during the work. The chiffoniers suffer from several of health harms which seem related to their employment. Chiffoniers faced general problem identity crises, police and public abuses, poor health condition and no job security. Mostly chiffoniers faced different type's health problems at the workplace in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) values extracted from IGS's distributed network of dual-frequency GPS stations in India, and the VTEC values extracted through IRI-Plas-2017 and NeQuick-2.0.2 models at the same locations and the same durations of time. Diurnal variation and relative deviation of modelled and measured VTEC of IGS reference stations at Lucknow (LCK3, Latitude: 26.91218, Longitude: 80.95564) and Hyderabad (HYDE, Latitude: 17.41728, Longitude: 78.55088) are visualized through graphical representation, during 2015 and 2019. Further, statistical analysis was performed on both datasets. The outputs of this project revealed that, the magnitude of maximum relative deviation of modelled VTEC from measured VTEC was high while using IRI-Plas model at Lucknow and Hyderabad in each month of solar maximum and solar minimum. Furthermore, during solar minimum, VTEC is highly overestimated by both models during peak hours of ionization and the magnitude of overestimation at these hours is higher while using IRI-Plas model for both regions. Finally, the highest coefficient of determination value was recorded at Hyderabad during 2019 while using IRI-plas model. The R2 analysis shows that IRI-Plas model produces a more accurate representation of VTEC during solar minimum and maximum at both regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the storm time comparative analysis of the performances of latest versions of global ionospheric models: International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016, NeQuick 2 (NeQ) and the IRI extended to Plasmasphere (IRI-P) 2017 with respect to Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). The analysis is carried out under varying geomagnetic storm conditions during September 2017-November 2018, falling in the declining phase of solar cycle 24. TEC data from Indore, located near the northern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) along with data obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations at Lucknow, located beyond the anomaly crest; Hyderabad, located between anomaly crest and magnetic equator and Bangalore, located near the magnetic equator have been analysed. The models generally overestimated during the storm periods with the exception of IRI-P, which matched (with an offset of about 3–5 TECU) with the enhancement observed on September 7, 2017 (during the strong storm of September 2017), from stations around the anomaly crest. No significant match was observed by the other two models. This match of IRI-P is attributed to the plasmaspheric contribution as well as the capability of assimilating measured TEC values into this model. In the present study, to the best of our knowledge, first comparisons of the empirical model derived TEC with NavIC and GNSS measurements from an anomaly crest location, combined with the IGS observations from the magnetic equator to locations beyond the anomaly crest, are conducted during geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Since NavIC satellites are at higher altitudes (~ 36000 km), the inclusion of NavIC data to the existing model could give better ionospheric predictions over the Indian subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test an infographic two-pager on medication abortions (MA) aimed to improve pharmacists counseling in India.Methods: A quantitative baseline survey was conducted among 283 pharmacists in three districts around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in January 2018. The intervention (infographic) was given to 117 of these pharmacists a few weeks later and a follow-up survey was conducted 3 months later with 281 pharmacists. In addition, mystery clients were sent to 115 of the pharmacists.Results: A statistically significant improvement in knowledge post-intervention was found, compared to pre-, for almost all quality items measured. Difference-in-difference estimators showed a difference in knowledge among indicators related to misoprostol in particular. However, mystery client reports showed few differences in pharmacist behaviors between intervention and control pharmacists.Conclusion: This simple, paper-based intervention, which required no training, showed a significant improvement in pharmacists' knowledge and was welcomed by the providers. Translating knowledge into behavior change, however, seems more difficult to impact. Adapting this simple intervention to motivate providers to change behaviors could improve the quality of care provided by pharmacists in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the findings from the field survey conducted in Barpeta and Lucknow between June 2017 and May 2018. The objective is to know the reasons and background of migration of approximately more than 90,000 people who have been migrating from Barpeta to Lucknow for last two decades. All are Bengali Muslims (of East Bengal origin) coming from Lower Assam who are called Miya Muslims. In order to analyse the objectives and test the hypotheses, the logistic model has been used. The results indicate that income prospects and ownership of land in Assam are important variables among other variables to decide the course of out-migration. The study group in discussion is often perceived as illegal immigrants entering Assam from bordering Bangladesh and is labelled as Bangladeshis in and outside Assam. There is an urgent need for state intervention to improve their condition and recognize them in the mainstream development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is rarely associated with the occurrence of acute or chronic pancreatitis, requiring complex perioperative management. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and disease characteristics of pancreatitis in PHPT. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinicopathological analysis of the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with PHPT with pancreatitis between 1989 and 2021 in the Endocrine Surgery department, SGPGI, Lucknow. Results: Out of 548 PHPT cases, 44 (8.03%) were found to be associated with pancreatitis. The mean age was 33.57 years (15-65 years); 5 were =20 years, while 26 were =30 years of age. There were 27 males and 17 females. Twenty-one cases were of acute (11 acute, nine recurrent acute, one acute on chronic), whereas 23 were of chronic pancreatitis (six chronic calcific pancreatitis). The major clinical presentation of PHPT with pancreatitis was abdominal pain (65.91%). The mean number of attacks per patient in recurrent acute pancreatitis was two. Mean PTH levels were 68.19 pmol/L. The mean tumor size (in the largest dimension) was 2.79 ± 1.4 cm while the mean tumor weight was 4.91 g. Nephrolithiasis was associated with 25 cases. An association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome was seen in one case. The final histopathological diagnosis was parathyroid carcinoma in two, hyperplasia in three, and parathyroid adenoma in 39 cases. Normocalcemia was seen in 27.2%, hypercalcemic crisis in 15.9%, and 25% of patients required semi-emergency parathyroidectomy. The outcome was favorable in all, as none had any further attacks of pancreatitis. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of pancreatitis in PHPT cases was 8.03%. The majority of patients were young. Normocalcemia was seen in 12 patients, so even if calcium levels are normal, PHPT should be suspected in young patients with pancreatitis. Parathyroidectomy resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms of pancreatitis in all 44 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]