17,922 results
Search Results
2. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (16th, Bengaluru, India, July 11-14, 2023)
- Author
-
International Educational Data Mining Society, Feng, Mingyu, Käser, Tanja, and Talukdar, Partha
- Abstract
The Indian Institute of Science is proud to host the fully in-person sixteenth iteration of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) during July 11-14, 2023. EDM is the annual flagship conference of the International Educational Data Mining Society. The theme of this year's conference is "Educational data mining for amplifying human potential." Not all students or seekers of knowledge receive the education necessary to help them realize their full potential, be it due to a lack of resources or lack of access to high quality teaching. The dearth in high-quality educational content, teaching aids, and methodologies, and non-availability of objective feedback on how they could become better teachers, deprive our teachers from achieving their full potential. The administrators and policy makers lack tools for making optimal decisions such as optimal class sizes, class composition, and course sequencing. All these handicap the nations, particularly the economically emergent ones, who recognize the centrality of education for their growth. EDM-2023 has striven to focus on concepts, principles, and techniques mined from educational data for amplifying the potential of all the stakeholders in the education system. The spotlights of EDM-2023 include: (1) Five keynote talks by outstanding researchers of eminence; (2) A plenary Test of Time award talk and a Banquet talk; (3) Five tutorials (foundational as well as advanced); (4) Four thought provoking panels on contemporary themes; (5) Peer reviewed technical paper and poster presentations; (6) Doctoral students consortium; and (7) An enchanting cultural programme. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
3. Paper Perfect: Robert Lang and the Science of Origami
- Author
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Foer, Joshua
- Published
- 2014
4. QR Decomposition for the Least Squares Method: Theory and Practice
- Author
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Alexey L. Voskov
- Abstract
QR decomposition is widely used for solving the least squares problem. However, existing materials about it may be too abstract for non-mathematicians, especially STEM students, and/or require serious background in linear algebra. The paper describes theoretical background and examples of GNU Octave compatible MATLAB scripts that give relatively simple but complete explanations about how to use QR decomposition for the least squares problem solution. Only basic knowledge of linear algebra and calculus are required. Both Givens rotations and Householder reflections usage for the linear least squares problem were considered. It was shown that the algorithm based on Givens rotations is even easier to program than explicit formation of the normal equations with subsequent usage of Gaussian elimination.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Toward a Taxonomy of Trust for Probabilistic Machine Learning
- Author
-
Broderick, Tamara, Gelman, Andrew, Meager, Rachael, Smith, Anna L., and Zheng, Tian
- Abstract
Probabilistic machine learning increasingly informs critical decisions in medicine, economics, politics, and beyond. To aid the development of trust in these decisions, we develop a taxonomy delineating where trust in an analysis can break down: (1) in the translation of real-world goals to goals on a particular set of training data, (2) in the translation of abstract goals on the training data to a concrete mathematical problem, (3) in the use of an algorithm to solve the stated mathematical problem, and (4) in the use of a particular code implementation of the chosen algorithm. We detail how trust can fail at each step and illustrate our taxonomy with two case studies. Finally, we describe a wide variety of methods that can be used to increase trust at each step of our taxonomy. The use of our taxonomy highlights steps where existing research work on trust tends to concentrate and also steps where building trust is particularly challenging. [This paper was published in "Science Advances."]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Calculators and Unary Operations: A Position Paper with Instructional Suggestions. Project Paper 77-7.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning. and Weaver, J. F.
- Abstract
Investigating properties and characteristics of unary operations is shown to be facilitated by using calculators. Several avenues for instructional exploration are suggested and examples given. These include questions relating to relations, inverses, commutativity, distributivity, and iterations. A discussion of the calculator algorithm for exploring each question is included. (MP)
- Published
- 1977
7. Logic via Computer Programming.
- Author
-
Wieschenberg, Agnes A.
- Abstract
This paper proposed the question "How do we teach logical thinking and sophisticated mathematics to unsophisticated college students?" One answer among many is through the writing of computer programs. The writing of computer algorithms is mathematical problem solving and logic in disguise and it may attract students who would otherwise stop taking mathematics courses after their required sequence is finished. In college classrooms in the United States, there is often an over-involvement with the calculation aspect of mathematics, especially in today's technical environment. The emphasis should fall on the teachers' developing of logic in students. Just like mathematical algorithms, computer algorithms however simple, employ logical steps which will result in the desired conclusion. Mathematics teachers should take advantage of the inumerable opportunities, even in a beginner's computer programming course, to play with algorithms that may aid students in the development of logical ways to approach mathematical problems. (MA)
- Published
- 1999
8. Developments in the Design of Experiments, Correspondent Paper
- Author
-
Atkinson, A. C.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Learning Machine, Vietnamese Based Human-Computer Interface.
- Author
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Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR.
- Abstract
The sixth session of IT@EDU98 consisted of seven papers on the topic of the learning machine--Vietnamese based human-computer interface, and was chaired by Phan Viet Hoang (Informatics College, Singapore). "Knowledge Based Approach for English Vietnamese Machine Translation" (Hoang Kiem, Dinh Dien) presents the knowledge base approach, which consists of concepts such as things, actions, relations, and attributes, organized on the structure of inheritance hierarchy. "A Learning Algorithm for Feature Selection Based on Genetic Approach" (Nguyen Dinh Thuc, Le Hoai Bac) presents a genetic algorithm that chooses relevant features from a set of given features, for feature selection based on the correlation among the features and between every feature and given target curve. "Artificial Neural Network for Color Classification" (Tran Cong Toai) examines several neural network models, their learning schemes, and their effectiveness in color classification. "Synthesizing and Recognizing Vietnamese Speech" (Hoang Kiem, Nguyen Minh Triet, Vo Tuan Kiet, Thai Hung Van, Luu Duc Hien, Bui Tien Len) presents algorithms applied successfully in Vietnamese isolated word recognition and Vietnamese synthesis. "On-Line Character Recognition" (Nguyen Thanh Phuong) presents a real-time handwriting character recognition system based on a structural approach. "Data Mining and Knowledge Acquisition from a Database" (Hoang Kiem, Do Phuc) considers how to use multi-dimensional data model (MDDM) for mining rules in a large database. "Genetic Algorithm for Initiative of Neural Networks" (Nguyen Dinh Thuc, Tan Quang Sang, Le Ha Thanh, Tran Thai Son) describes a procedure for initiative of neural networks based on genetic algorithms, based on the correlation between every weight and error function. (SWC)
- Published
- 1998
10. Social and content aware One-Class recommendation of papers in scientific social networks.
- Author
-
Wang, Gang, He, XiRan, and Ishuga, Carolyne Isigi
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,SOCIAL networks ,SPARSE graphs ,HYBRID computers (Computer architecture) ,HYBRID power systems - Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, scientific social networks (SSNs) have become the fastest and most convenient way for researchers to communicate with each other. Many published papers are shared via SSNs every day, resulting in the problem of information overload. How to appropriately recommend personalized and highly valuable papers for researchers is becoming more urgent. However, when recommending papers in SSNs, only a small amount of positive instances are available, leaving a vast amount of unlabelled data, in which negative instances and potential unseen positive instances are mixed together, which naturally belongs to One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF) problem. Therefore, considering the extreme data imbalance and data sparsity of this OCCF problem, a hybrid approach of Social and Content aware One-class Recommendation of Papers in SSNs, termed SCORP, is proposed in this study. Unlike previous approaches recommended to address the OCCF problem, social information, which has been proved playing a significant role in performing recommendations in many domains, is applied in both the profiling of content-based filtering and the collaborative filtering to achieve superior recommendations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCORP approach, a real-life dataset from CiteULike was employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to all of the compared approaches, thus providing a more effective method for recommending papers in SSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Variations on a Theme in Paper Folding.
- Author
-
Polster, Burkard
- Subjects
- *
PAPER folding (Graphic design) , *APPROXIMATION theory , *ANGLES , *ALGORITHMS , *POLYGONS , *MATHEMATICS - Abstract
Summarizes the construction of paper folding. Method for approximating rational subdivisions or arbitrary angles and line segments; Angle-folding algorithm; Approximating angles, regular polygons and star polygons; Dissection of angles into equal parts.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Physics driven behavioural clustering of free-falling paper shapes
- Author
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Fumiya Iida, Toby Howison, Josie Hughes, Fabio Giardina, Howison, Toby [0000-0001-8548-5550], Iida, Fumiya [0000-0001-9246-7190], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Inertia ,Physiology ,Physical system ,Social Sciences ,computer.software_genre ,Systems Science ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Physical Phenomena ,Physical phenomena ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Cluster Analysis ,Moment of Inertia ,Multidisciplinary ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,theoretical model ,article ,Classical Mechanics ,Dynamical Systems ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Free falling ,machine learning ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,physics ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Paper ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Reynolds Number ,Science ,Fluid Mechanics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Machine learning ,Continuum Mechanics ,Motion ,Machine Learning Algorithms ,Artificial Intelligence ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Set (psychology) ,Cluster analysis ,Behavior ,Biological Locomotion ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Fluid Dynamics ,Models, Theoretical ,Nonlinear Dynamics ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Mathematics - Abstract
Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. © 2019 Howison et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Published
- 2019
13. Quantifying the impact of scholarly papers based on higher-order weighted citations.
- Author
-
Bai, Xiaomei, Zhang, Fuli, Hou, Jie, Lee, Ivan, Kong, Xiangjie, Tolba, Amr, and Xia, Feng
- Subjects
CITATION analysis ,SCHOLARLY publishing ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SIMULATION methods & models ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Ten Simple Rules for writing algorithmic bioinformatics conference papers
- Author
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Paul Medvedev
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,Bioinformatics ,Writing ,Gene Identification and Analysis ,Genetic Networks ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Field (computer science) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Clustering Algorithms ,0302 clinical medicine ,Computer software ,Genetics ,Humans ,Prototypes ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Simple (philosophy) ,Publishing ,Ecology ,Information Dissemination ,Software Tools ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Computational Biology ,Software Engineering ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Congresses as Topic ,030104 developmental biology ,Editorial ,Technology Development ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Sequence Analysis ,Sequence Alignment ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Algorithms ,Mathematics ,Network Analysis - Abstract
Author summary Conferences are great venues for disseminating algorithmic bioinformatics results, but they unfortunately do not offer an opportunity to make major revisions in the way that journals do. As a result, it is not possible for authors to fix mistakes that might be easily correctable but nevertheless can cause the paper to be rejected. As a reviewer, I wish that I had the opportunity to tell the authors, “Hey, you forgot to do this really important thing, without which it is hard to accept the paper, but if you could go back and fix it, you might have a great paper for the conference.” This lack of a back and forth can be especially problematic for first-time submitters or those from outside the field, e.g., biologists. In this article, I outline Ten Simple Rules to follow when writing an algorithmic bioinformatics conference paper to avoid having it rejected.
- Published
- 2020
15. Physics driven behavioural clustering of free-falling paper shapes.
- Author
-
Howison, Toby, Hughes, Josie, Giardina, Fabio, and Iida, Fumiya
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICS , *SET functions , *MACHINE learning , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics) , *CONTINUUM mechanics - Abstract
Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Desert island papers-A life in variance parameter and quantitative genetic parameter estimation reviewed using 16 papers
- Author
-
Robin Thompson
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mixed model ,Restricted maximum likelihood ,Scientific career ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,Statistics ,Computer software ,Animals ,Humans ,Inbreeding ,Mathematics ,Estimation ,Likelihood Functions ,Sheep ,Models, Genetic ,Estimation theory ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Variance (accounting) ,History, 20th Century ,040201 dairy & animal science ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics, Population ,Linear Models ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Algorithms ,Software - Abstract
I review my scientific career in terms of eight areas and 16 papers. The first two areas are associated with childhood. The other six are associated with residual maximum likelihood (REML), canonical transformation, inbreeding in selected populations, average information residual maximum likelihood (AIREML), the computer program ASReml and sampling-based estimation.
- Published
- 2018
17. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network.
- Author
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Cao, Mengyun, Sun, Xiaoping, and Zhuge, Hai
- Subjects
- *
COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *CAUSATION (Philosophy) , *SEMANTICS , *RESEARCH , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A collaborative approach for research paper recommender system.
- Author
-
Haruna, Khalid, Akmar Ismail, Maizatul, Damiasih, Damiasih, Sutopo, Joko, and Herawan, Tutut
- Subjects
- *
CITATION analysis , *SCIENCE & state , *SOCIAL network analysis , *SOCIAL networks , *COMPUTER networks - Abstract
Research paper recommenders emerged over the last decade to ease finding publications relating to researchers’ area of interest. The challenge was not just to provide researchers with very rich publications at any time, any place and in any form but to also offer the right publication to the right researcher in the right way. Several approaches exist in handling paper recommender systems. However, these approaches assumed the availability of the whole contents of the recommending papers to be freely accessible, which is not always true due to factors such as copyright restrictions. This paper presents a collaborative approach for research paper recommender system. By leveraging the advantages of collaborative filtering approach, we utilize the publicly available contextual metadata to infer the hidden associations that exist between research papers in order to personalize recommendations. The novelty of our proposed approach is that it provides personalized recommendations regardless of the research field and regardless of the user’s expertise. Using a publicly available dataset, our proposed approach has recorded a significant improvement over other baseline methods in measuring both the overall performance and the ability to return relevant and useful publications at the top of the recommendation list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network
- Author
-
Xiaoping Sun, Mengyun Cao, and Hai Zhuge
- Subjects
Semantic link ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Lexical semantics ,Computer science ,Science ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Semantic data model ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Systems Science ,Automation ,Sociology ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Question answering ,Psychology ,Syntax ,lcsh:Science ,Data Curation ,Language ,Grammar ,Multidisciplinary ,Information retrieval ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Publications ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Complex Systems ,Reasoning ,Automatic summarization ,Semantics ,Lexical Semantics ,Social Networks ,Physical Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Mathematics ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing.
- Published
- 2018
20. Quantifying the impact of scholarly papers based on higher-order weighted citations
- Author
-
Feng Xia, Ivan Lee, Jie Hou, Xiangjie Kong, Amr Tolba, Fuli Zhang, Xiaomei Bai, Bai, Xiaomei, Zhang, Fuli, Hou, Jie, Lee, Ivan, Kong, Xiangjie, Tolba, Amr, and Xia, Feng
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer science ,Population Dynamics ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,Geographical Locations ,Order (exchange) ,law ,Citation analysis ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,lcsh:Science ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Multidisciplinary ,Latitude ,Geography ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,05 social sciences ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Research Assessment ,Europe ,Longitude ,Physical Sciences ,Citation Analysis ,quantifying the impact ,050904 information & library sciences ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Cartography ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Bibliometrics ,050905 science studies ,Research and Analysis Methods ,weighted citations ,PageRank ,Humans ,Pagerank algorithm ,Information retrieval ,Manuscripts as Topic ,Population Biology ,lcsh:R ,author affiliations ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Models, Theoretical ,Geographic Distribution ,People and Places ,North America ,Earth Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,0509 other social sciences ,Citation ,Mathematics - Abstract
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2018
21. Pathfinder Analysis of Knowledge Structures: An Exploratory Investigation of Math and Science Teacher Educators.
- Author
-
Kokoski, Teresa M. and Housner, Lynn Dale
- Abstract
The present study was an exploratory study of the content-specific knowledge structures of three teacher educators (two in math and one in science). Pathfinder, a method for eliciting associative memory networks, was used to describe the knowledge structures of the teacher educators. Pathfinder was also used to determine changes in knowledge structures of students enrolled in a teaching methodology class taught by each educator. Finally, a measure of the correspondence between students' knowledge structures and those of the teacher educators was correlated with students' performances in the courses. For two teacher educators, students' knowledge structures corresponded more closely with that of the teacher educator after the course than before. For one teacher educator, students exhibited little change in knowledge structure correspondence. Also, students who corresponded most to teacher educators performed better in their respective courses. The findings point to the need for further study of the acquisition of knowledge in undergraduate students and the processes associated with the transmission of knowledge in math and science teacher-education programs. Contains 3 figures, and 19 references. (Author/SLD)
- Published
- 1994
22. An enhanced memetic differential evolution in filter design for defect detection in paper production
- Author
-
Ville Tirronen, Kirsi Majava, Ferrante Neri, Tommi Kärkkäinen, and Tuomo Rossi
- Subjects
Paper ,Quality Control ,Mathematical optimization ,Population ,Evolutionary algorithm ,multimeme algorithms ,digital filter design ,Artificial Intelligence ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,FIR filter ,Humans ,Industry ,Local search (optimization) ,Computer Simulation ,memetic algorithms ,education ,Metaheuristic ,Mathematics ,Probability ,edge detection ,education.field_of_study ,Electronic Data Processing ,Stochastic Processes ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,differential evolution ,paper production ,Models, Theoretical ,Computational Mathematics ,Filter design ,Differential evolution ,Simulated annealing ,Memetic algorithm ,business ,Algorithms ,Software - Abstract
This article proposes an Enhanced Memetic Differential Evolution (EMDE) for designing digital filters which aim at detecting defects of the paper produced during an industrial process. Defect detection is handled by means of two Gabor filters and their design is performed by the EMDE. The EMDE is a novel adaptive evolutionary algorithm which combines the powerful explorative features of Differential Evolution with the exploitative features of three local search algorithms employing different pivot rules and neighborhood generating functions. These local search algorithms are the Hooke Jeeves Algorithm, a Stochastic Local Search, and Simulated Annealing. The local search algorithms are adaptively coordinated by means of a control parameter that measures fitness distribution among individuals of the population and a novel probabilistic scheme. Numerical results confirm that Differential Evolution is an efficient evolutionary framework for the image processing problem under investigation and show that the EMDE performs well. As a matter of fact, the application of the EMDE leads to a design of an efficiently tailored filter. A comparison with various popular metaheuristics proves the effectiveness of the EMDE in terms of convergence speed, stagnation prevention, and capability in detecting solutions having high performance.
- Published
- 2008
23. Social and content aware One-Class recommendation of papers in scientific social networks
- Author
-
Carolyne Isigi Ishuga, XiRan He, and Gang Wang
- Subjects
Optimization ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Computer science ,Science ,Emotions ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Social Networking ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Sociology ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Collaborative filtering ,Profiling (information science) ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Computer Networks ,Cooperative Behavior ,lcsh:Science ,Internet ,Multidisciplinary ,Social Research ,Social network ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,lcsh:R ,Publications ,Information technology ,Social Communication ,Data science ,Communications ,Social research ,Social Networks ,Social system ,Physical Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,The Internet ,business ,Information Technology ,Network Analysis ,Mathematics ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Forecasting - Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, scientific social networks (SSNs) have become the fastest and most convenient way for researchers to communicate with each other. Many published papers are shared via SSNs every day, resulting in the problem of information overload. How to appropriately recommend personalized and highly valuable papers for researchers is becoming more urgent. However, when recommending papers in SSNs, only a small amount of positive instances are available, leaving a vast amount of unlabelled data, in which negative instances and potential unseen positive instances are mixed together, which naturally belongs to One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF) problem. Therefore, considering the extreme data imbalance and data sparsity of this OCCF problem, a hybrid approach of Social and Content aware One-class Recommendation of Papers in SSNs, termed SCORP, is proposed in this study. Unlike previous approaches recommended to address the OCCF problem, social information, which has been proved playing a significant role in performing recommendations in many domains, is applied in both the profiling of content-based filtering and the collaborative filtering to achieve superior recommendations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCORP approach, a real-life dataset from CiteULike was employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to all of the compared approaches, thus providing a more effective method for recommending papers in SSNs.
- Published
- 2017
24. Mathematics: Perspectives on Applications. Proceedings of the Annual Fall Conference of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics in New England (Manchester, New Hampshire, November 1974).
- Author
-
Cote, Normand H.
- Abstract
This publication contains the substance of all papers submitted at the fall 1974 Association of Teachers of Mathematics in New England (ATMNE) conference. As the title indicates, the focus of the publication is directed toward mathematical applications. The 25 papers cover topics ranging from applications at the elementary school level to those involving college level mathematics. Subjects of the papers include: function concepts in intermediate grades; mathematical modeling for election decisions; mathematics applications to music, art, grocery store arithmetic, vocational-technical school, economics, communications, ecology, and traffic flow; research and applications; Euclidian geometry; audio-tutorial instruction; computing pi; tanagrams; UISCM materials; the Developing Mathematical Processes program; and computer approximations. Some of the articles include bibliographies and/or references. (JBW)
- Published
- 1975
25. Three- and four-state rock-paper-scissors games with diffusion
- Author
-
Mikko J. Alava, Matti Peltomäki, Perustieteiden korkeakoulu, School of Science, Teknillisen fysiikan laitos, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
rock-paper-scissors games ,Conservation law ,Models, Statistical ,Time Factors ,Ecology ,Stochastic process ,Physics ,Population Dynamics ,Crossover ,Pattern formation ,Biodiversity ,Models, Theoretical ,Models, Biological ,Diffusion ,cyclic dominance of three species ,Game Theory ,Animals ,Computer Simulation ,Interaction dynamics ,Statistical physics ,Algorithms ,Ecosystem ,Probability ,Mathematics - Abstract
Cyclic dominance of three species is a commonly occurring interaction dynamics, often denoted the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. Such a type of interactions is known to promote species coexistence. Here, we generalize recent results of Reichenbach et al. [Nature (London) 448, 1046 (2007)] of a four-state variant of the RPS game. We show that spiral formation takes place only without a conservation law for the total density. Nevertheless, in general, fast diffusion can destroy species coexistence. We also generalize the four-state model to slightly varying reaction rates. This is shown both analytically and numerically not to change pattern formation, or the effective wavelength of the spirals, and therefore not to alter the qualitative properties of the crossover to extinction.
- Published
- 2008
26. Genealogical Trees of Scientific Papers.
- Author
-
Waumans, Michaël Charles and Bersini, Hugues
- Subjects
- *
GENEALOGY , *SCIENCE databases , *CITATION analysis , *EVOLUTIONARY algorithms , *SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Many results have been obtained when studying scientific papers citations databases in a network perspective. Articles can be ranked according to their current in-degree and their future popularity or citation counts can even be predicted. The dynamical properties of such networks and the observation of the time evolution of their nodes started more recently. This work adopts an evolutionary perspective and proposes an original algorithm for the construction of genealogical trees of scientific papers on the basis of their citation count evolution in time. The fitness of a paper now amounts to its in-degree growing trend and a “dying” paper will suddenly see this trend declining in time. It will give birth and be taken over by some of its most prevalent citing “offspring”. Practically, this might be used to trace the successive published milestones of a research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Mathematics in Science: The Role of the History of Science in Communicating the Significance of Mathematical Formalism in Science.
- Author
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de Berg, Kevin C.
- Abstract
Discusses the use of a historical profile for illustrating the significance of the mathematical components of scientific laws. Addresses the need for the purposive use of scientific laws rather than the blind substitutionary procedures characteristic of most problem solvers. Claims the approach has the potential for increasing female participation in the physical sciences. (Author/MDH)
- Published
- 1992
28. Method for estimating potential tree-grade distributions for northeastern forest species. Forest Service research paper (Final)
- Author
-
Yaussy, D
- Published
- 1993
29. A Reply to a Note on the Paper 'A Simplified Novel Technique for Solving Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems'.
- Author
-
Khan, Izaz, Ahmad, Tahir, and Maan, Normah
- Subjects
- *
LINEAR programming , *FUZZY algorithms , *ALGORITHMS , *MATHEMATICS , *MATHEMATICAL programming - Abstract
This note tries to answer issues raised in Bhardwaj and Kumar (J Optim Theory Appl 163(2): 685-696, 2014). The research summarizes that the results obtained in Khan et al. (J Optim Theory Appl 159: 536-546, 2013) are sound and correct and it fulfills all the necessary requirements of its scope and objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A collaborative approach for research paper recommender system
- Author
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Tutut Herawan, Khalid Haruna, Joko Sutopo, Maizatul Akmar Ismail, and Damiasih Damiasih
- Subjects
Computer and Information Sciences ,Science Policy ,Computer science ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Recommender system ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Bioinformatics ,Field (computer science) ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Open Science ,Sociology ,Open Data ,Citation analysis ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Collaborative filtering ,Computer Networks ,Cooperative Behavior ,lcsh:Science ,Publishing ,Internet ,Metadata ,Social Research ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Novelty ,Research Assessment ,Data science ,Open data ,Social Networks ,Citation Analysis ,Information Retrieval ,Physical Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,The Internet ,business ,Mathematics ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Research Article - Abstract
Research paper recommenders emerged over the last decade to ease finding publications relating to researchers' area of interest. The challenge was not just to provide researchers with very rich publications at any time, any place and in any form but to also offer the right publication to the right researcher in the right way. Several approaches exist in handling paper recommender systems. However, these approaches assumed the availability of the whole contents of the recommending papers to be freely accessible, which is not always true due to factors such as copyright restrictions. This paper presents a collaborative approach for research paper recommender system. By leveraging the advantages of collaborative filtering approach, we utilize the publicly available contextual metadata to infer the hidden associations that exist between research papers in order to personalize recommendations. The novelty of our proposed approach is that it provides personalized recommendations regardless of the research field and regardless of the user's expertise. Using a publicly available dataset, our proposed approach has recorded a significant improvement over other baseline methods in measuring both the overall performance and the ability to return relevant and useful publications at the top of the recommendation list.
- Published
- 2017
31. Letter to the Editor Regarding Paper 'Automatic Computation of Left Ventricular Volume Changes over a Cardiac Cycle from Echocardiography Images by Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction'
- Author
-
Ahmad Shalbaf and Hamid Behnam
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Geodesic ,Heart Ventricles ,Image registration ,Motion (geometry) ,Geometry ,Image processing ,Article ,Pattern Recognition, Automated ,Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ,Motion estimation ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Letter to the Editor ,Mathematics ,Ultrasonography ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Nonlinear dimensionality reduction ,Reproducibility of Results ,Function (mathematics) ,Organ Size ,Computer Science Applications ,Transformation (function) ,Algebraic function ,Isomap ,Rotation (mathematics) ,Algorithm ,Algorithms - Abstract
Question: 1—Echocardiography images Images were acquired from end of diastole to end of systole at different phases (7 phases) within a cardiac cycle by a Vivid 3 GE Health echocardiography machine. To obtain worthy images at denoted phases, it would be dependent to operator (for the best clinical examination). Of course, having assumed images not only were acquired from A4C and A2C but also from short-axis views. Short axis views have not been used at your papers, so some radial, circumferential and sample rotatory data would be missed. Response: It is simply possible for us to record and analyze images of short-axis views. However, according to American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) [1, 2], in the modified Simpson’s rule which is a method for LV volume computation from 2-D echocardiography images, it suffices to acquire apical two and four chamber views (A4C, A2C) for left ventricular (LV) volume computation. Question: 2—Observed data yi′ s Echocardiography images paly role of observed data and they are symbolized by yi′ s. there is a sequence of observed data y1, y2,…,yN. N is the number of obtained images. In fact we have made a chain of displacement, rotation and pure strain or nonrigid transformation (deformation) by these observed data that is started from y1 and is ended up to yN. This chain has some conceptual interpretations of the elasticity of the global left ventricular motion/function and the regional LV fiber arrangement/movement. Response: Yes, it is correct. Question: 3—Embed observed data to a high dimensional space Response: Yes, it is correct. Question: 4—Image processing on yi′ s and geodesic distance between yi′ s Observed data y1, y2,…,yN are embed to a meshed surface sized number of pixels of an image. Translation, rotation and pure deformation of y1, y2,…,yN are occurred/and studied at this surface utilizing the mathematical elasticity theory. A distance metric is defined that computes distances between observed points. Medical interpretations of observed points over the time should be checked/and stated clearly at your manuscripts. Images are not usual images but also are images from the left ventricle. Motion (displacement and velocity), deformation (strain and strain rate) and torsion of each myocardial sample have to be extracted during a cardiac cycle in the mentioned surface. These are used on the creation of graph G referred to their papers. Response: In this stage, we have just computed the distance between the two images in a cardiac cycle using non-rigid image registration regardless of relationship between images over the time. Therefore by this method, the motion and longitudinal deformation (short-axis views are needed to get for radial and circumferential deformations) of LV myocardium between all of two images in a cardiac cycle are extracted (for example, between end systole image and end diastole image, etc.). Then, in other stage of our method (calculation of the matrix of pairwise geodesic distance and apply multidimensional scaling on the resulting geodesic distance matrix to construct the low dimensional data points xi), motion and longitudinal deformation of LV myocardium during a cardiac cycle are extracted. Question: 5—An Isomap f The main tool at this method is the function “f” which is an isometric map [2, 3]. I will be interested to know the structure/formula or relationship of this isometric function which has most probably a lot of practical information of the left ventricular function and structure. I mean, how we can get a good representation of such a this function “f” for heart science study? Is it “f” known as an algebraic function? What information has been coded to fibers (f−1) of this isometric function “f”? Response: Isomap algorithm is one of the most popular sets of nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) algorithms. This algorithm attempts to extract low-dimensional data points from input points in a high-dimensional space in such a way that pairwise geodesic distances (the distance between two points measured over the manifold) are preserved. So that nearby and far points in high-dimensional space map to nearby and far points in low-dimensional space. This method is frequently used for visualization of medial image set. Detail of this method is described in Tenenbaum et al. and Borg et al. [3, 4]. It should be noted that we do not change the structure or formula of isomap algorithm. We only define a new image distance function based on image registration in calculation of geodesic distance between yi′ s in isomap algorithm. With this modification, Isomap algorithm is specified for assessment of the left ventricular function and structure. However, precise mathematical descriptions of f and (f−1) applied to echocardiography images and using the other NLDR algorithms need further researches in the following of this article. Question: 6—A reconstructed curve on a 2D manifold space & hidden data xi′ s; f(yi) = xi Isometric function results in a reconstructive curve crossing from hidden data (xi′ s) in a surface. It’s natural that some information (maybe clinical information) would betransferred to these hidden points like the curve of LV volume changes and so on and so on. A main question is: what are these new points xi′ s exactly (medically point of view)? What the other data has been come out from these hidden points? I think all of these questions back to gain a good understanding of isometric function “f”. Response: These points xi′ s will probably enable physicians to diagnose and follow up many cardiac structures and functions that also open doors to much more research at imaging cardiology in the future. References 1. AlizadehSani Z, Shalbaf A, Behnam H, Shalbaf R: Automatic computation of left ventricularvolume changes over a cardiac cycle from echocardiography images by nonlinear dimensionality reduction. J Digit Imaging : July, 2014 2. Tenenbaum JB, de Silva V, Langford JC: global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionalityreduction. Science 290:2319–2323, 2000. Reprint available online: http://web.mit.edu/cocosci/Papers/sci_reprint.pdf 3. Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Kybic J, Desco M, et al.: Spatio-temporal nonrigid registration for ultrasoundcardiac motion estimation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24:1113–1126, 2005.
- Published
- 2015
32. Another modification from two papers of Ghodousian and Khorram and Khorram et al.
- Author
-
Abbasi Molai, Ali and Khorram, Esmaile
- Subjects
- *
MATHEMATICS , *ALGORITHMS , *MATHEMATICAL optimization , *LINEAR programming - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the proposed algorithms to solve a linear programming problem with the convex combination of the max–min and the max–average composition and the max–star composition, respectively. They have been proposed by Ghodousian and Khorram [A. Ghodousian, E. Khorram, Solving a linear programming problem with the convex combination of the max–min and the max–average fuzzy relation equations, Appl. Math. Comput. 180 (2006) 411–418] and Khorram et al. [E. Khorram, A. Ghodousian, A. Abbasi Molai, Solving linear optimization problems with max–star composition equation constraints, Appl. Math. Comput. 179 (2006) 654–661], respectively. Firstly, we show that the “Tabular method algorithm” in the first paper and the “First procedure” in the second paper may not lead to the optimal solutions of the two models in some cases. Secondly, we generalize the proposed algorithm by Abbasi Molai and Khorram [A. Abbasi Molai, E. Khorram, A modified algorithm for solving the proposed models by Ghodousian and Khorram and Khorram and Ghodousian, Appl. Math. Comput. 190 (2007) 1161–1167] to solve the two models. In fact, it modifies the presented algorithms in the two papers. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the purposes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Genealogical Trees of Scientific Papers
- Author
-
Hugues Bersini and Michael Waumans
- Subjects
Databases, Factual ,Condensation ,Psychologie appliquée ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Bioinformatics ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Field (computer science) ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Sociology ,Citation analysis ,lcsh:Science ,Fluids ,Multidisciplinary ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Physics ,Publications ,05 social sciences ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Genealogy ,Curve Fitting ,Pedigree ,Trace (semiology) ,Social Networks ,Social system ,Physical Sciences ,Social Systems ,Learning to rank ,Gases ,Journal Impact Factor ,050904 information & library sciences ,Biologie ,Phase Transitions ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,States of Matter ,Science ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Protein Domains ,0103 physical sciences ,Humans ,010306 general physics ,lcsh:R ,Perspective (graphical) ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Popularity ,lcsh:Q ,0509 other social sciences ,Citation ,Mathematical Functions ,Mathematics - Abstract
Many results have been obtained when studying scientific papers citations databases in a network perspective. Articles can be ranked according to their current in-degree and their future popularity or citation counts can even be predicted. The dynamical properties of such networks and the observation of the time evolution of their nodes started more recently. This work adopts an evolutionary perspective and proposes an original algorithm for the construction of genealogical trees of scientific papers on the basis of their citation count evolution in time. The fitness of a paper now amounts to its in-degree growing trend and a "dying" paper will suddenly see this trend declining in time. It will give birth and be taken over by some of its most prevalent citing "offspring". Practically, this might be used to trace the successive published milestones of a research field., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2016
34. Locating Maximal Multirepeats in Multiple Strings Under Various Constraints†A preliminary version of the results of this paper was presented in CPM 2002.
- Author
-
A. Bakalis, C.S. Iliopoulos, C. Makris, S. Sioutas, E. Theodoridis, A. Tsakalidis, and K. Tsichlas
- Subjects
- *
ALGORITHMS , *STRING , *MATHEMATICS , *FACTOR analysis , *COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *RESEARCH - Abstract
A multirepeat in a string is a substring (factor) that appears a predefined number of times. A multirepeat is maximal if it cannot be extended either to the right or to the left and produce a multirepeat. In this paper, we present algorithms for two different versions of the problem of finding maximal multirepeats in a set of strings. In the case of arbitrary gaps, we propose an algorithm with O(σN2n + α) time complexity. When the gap is bounded in a small range c, we propose an algorithm with O((c2 + σ2)mN2n log(Nn) + α) time complexity. Here, N is the number of strings, n the mean length of each string, m the multiplicity of the multirepeat and α the number of reported occurrences. Our results extend previous work by considering sets of strings as well as by generalizing pairs to multirepeats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Predicting translational progress in biomedical research.
- Author
-
Hutchins, B. Ian, Davis, Matthew T., Meseroll, Rebecca A., and Santangelo, George M.
- Subjects
MEDICAL research ,SCIENTIFIC community ,SCIENTIFIC discoveries ,MACHINE learning ,CLINICAL trials ,FALSE discovery rate ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Fundamental scientific advances can take decades to translate into improvements in human health. Shortening this interval would increase the rate at which scientific discoveries lead to successful treatment of human disease. One way to accomplish this would be to identify which advances in knowledge are most likely to translate into clinical research. Toward that end, we built a machine learning system that detects whether a paper is likely to be cited by a future clinical trial or guideline. Despite the noisiness of citation dynamics, as little as 2 years of postpublication data yield accurate predictions about a paper's eventual citation by a clinical article (accuracy = 84%, F1 score = 0.56; compared to 19% accuracy by chance). We found that distinct knowledge flow trajectories are linked to papers that either succeed or fail to influence clinical research. Translational progress in biomedicine can therefore be assessed and predicted in real time based on information conveyed by the scientific community's early reaction to a paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Oscillatory dynamics in rock–paper–scissors games with mutations
- Author
-
Mauro Mobilia
- Subjects
Mutation rate ,Population Dynamics ,Fixed point ,Parameter space ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution ,Statistical physics ,Limit (mathematics) ,Mathematics ,Reproduction ,Applied Mathematics ,Biodiversity ,General Medicine ,Biological Evolution ,Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,Markov Chains ,Amplitude ,Modeling and Simulation ,symbols ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO) ,Algorithms ,Statistics and Probability ,Physics - Physics and Society ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,symbols.namesake ,Game Theory ,Control theory ,Limit cycle ,0103 physical sciences ,Computer Simulation ,Selection, Genetic ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Ecosystem ,Hopf bifurcation ,Stochastic Processes ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Stochastic process ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,Kinetics ,Nonlinear Dynamics ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Mutation ,Linear Models - Abstract
We study the oscillatory dynamics in the generic three-species rock-paper-scissors games with mutations. In the mean-field limit, different behaviors are found: (a) for high mutation rate, there is a stable interior fixed point with coexistence of all species; (b) for low mutation rates, there is a region of the parameter space characterized by a limit cycle resulting from a Hopf bifurcation; (c) in the absence of mutations, there is a region where heteroclinic cycles yield oscillations of large amplitude (not robust against noise). After a discussion on the main properties of the mean-field dynamics, we investigate the stochastic version of the model within an individual-based formulation. Demographic fluctuations are therefore naturally accounted and their effects are studied using a diffusion theory complemented by numerical simulations. It is thus shown that persistent erratic oscillations (quasi-cycles) of large amplitude emerge from a noise-induced resonance phenomenon. We also analytically and numerically compute the average escape time necessary to reach a (quasi-)cycle on which the system oscillates at a given amplitude., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the Journal of Theoretical Biology
- Published
- 2010
37. Four-state rock-paper-scissors games on constrained Newman-Watts networks
- Author
-
Yong Chen, Shao-Meng Qing, Weikai Qi, and Guo-Yong Zhang
- Subjects
Spatial correlation ,Extinction ,Food Chain ,Stochastic process ,Monte Carlo method ,Crossover ,Population Dynamics ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,State (functional analysis) ,Biological Evolution ,Models, Biological ,Connection (mathematics) ,Game Theory ,Quantum mechanics ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Computer Simulation ,Statistical physics ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Game theory ,Algorithms ,Ecosystem ,Mathematics - Abstract
We study the cyclic dominance of three species in two-dimensional constrained Newman-Watts networks with a four-state variant of the rock-paper-scissors game. By limiting the maximal connection distance $R_{max}$ in Newman-Watts networks with the long-rang connection probability $p$, we depict more realistically the stochastic interactions among species within ecosystems. When we fix mobility and vary the value of $p$ or $R_{max}$, the Monte Carlo simulations show that the spiral waves grow in size, and the system becomes unstable and biodiversity is lost with increasing $p$ or $R_{max}$. These results are similar to recent results of Reichenbach \textit{et al.} [Nature (London) \textbf{448}, 1046 (2007)], in which they increase the mobility only without including long-range interactions. We compared extinctions with or without long-range connections and computed spatial correlation functions and correlation length. We conclude that long-range connections could improve the mobility of species, drastically changing their crossover to extinction and making the system more unstable., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Why We Should No Longer Only Repair, Polish and Iron Current Computer Science Educations.
- Author
-
Gruska, Jozef
- Abstract
Describes shortcomings of computer science/engineering education and explains a new focus on informatics. Highlights include simulation, visualization, algorithmization, design of information processing models, parallel computing, a history of informatics, informatics versus physics and mathematics, and implications for education. (51 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1993
39. Identifying Overlapping and Hierarchical Thematic Structures in Networks of Scholarly Papers: A Comparison of Three Approaches
- Author
-
Michael Heinz, Jochen Gläser, Frank Havemann, and Alexander Struck
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Physics - Physics and Society ,Science Policy ,lcsh:Medicine ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Bibliometrics ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Information theory ,Bioinformatics ,Engineering ,Fuzzy Logic ,Sociology ,Citation analysis ,Cluster Analysis ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Management Planning and Control ,lcsh:Science ,Social and Information Networks (cs.SI) ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Information retrieval ,Research ,Applied Mathematics ,lcsh:R ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ,Webometrics ,Research Assessment ,Hierarchical clustering ,Identification (information) ,Thematic map ,Computer Science ,lcsh:Q ,Periodicals as Topic ,Management Engineering ,Algorithms ,Mathematics ,Research Article ,Network analysis - Abstract
We implemented three recently proposed approaches to the identification of overlapping and hierarchical substructures in graphs and applied the corresponding algorithms to a network of 492 information-science papers coupled via their cited sources. The thematic substructures obtained and overlaps produced by the three hierarchical cluster algorithms were compared to a content-based categorisation, which we based on the interpretation of titles and keywords. We defined sets of papers dealing with three topics located on different levels of aggregation: h-index, webometrics, and bibliometrics. We identified these topics with branches in the dendrograms produced by the three cluster algorithms and compared the overlapping topics they detected with one another and with the three pre-defined paper sets. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of applying the three approaches to paper networks in research fields., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2012
40. Quantum rectangular MinRank attack on multi-layer UOV signature schemes.
- Author
-
Cho, Seong-Min and Seo, Seung-Hyun
- Subjects
QUBITS ,RAINBOWS ,PUBLIC key cryptography ,QUANTUM computers ,DIGITAL signatures ,MATHEMATICS ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Recent rank-based attacks have reduced the security of Rainbow, which is one of the multi-layer UOV signatures, below the NIST security requirements by speeding up iterative kernel-finding operations using classical mathematics techniques. If quantum algorithms are applied to perform these iterative operations, the rank-based attacks may be more threatening to multi-layer UOV, including Rainbow. In this paper, we propose a quantum rectangular MinRank attack called the Q-rMinRank attack, the first quantum approach to key recovery attacks on multi-layer UOV signatures. Our attack is a general model applicable to multi-layer UOV signature schemes, and in this paper, we provide examples of its application to Rainbow and the Korean TTA standard, HiMQ. We design two quantum oracle circuits to find the kernel in consideration of the depth-width trade-off of quantum circuits. One is to reduce the width of the quantum circuits using qubits as a minimum, and the other is to reduce the depth using parallelization instead of using a lot of qubits. By designing quantum circuits to find kernels with fewer quantum resources and complexity by adding mathematical techniques, we achieve quadratic speedup for the MinRank attack to recover the private keys of multi-layer UOV signatures. We also estimate quantum resources for the designed quantum circuits and analyze quantum complexity based on them. The width-optimized circuit recovers the private keys of Rainbow parameter set V with only 1089 logical qubits. The depth-optimized circuit recovers the private keys of Rainbow parameter set V with a quantum complexity of 2 174 , which is lower than the complexity of 2 221 recovering the secret key of AES-192, which provides the same security level as parameter set III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Algorithm for calculating the area of overlap of an ellipse and a convex polygon. Research paper, October-November 1987
- Author
-
Helmbold, R
- Published
- 1987
42. COAP 2003 Best Paper Award.
- Author
-
Linderoth, Jeff and Wright, Steve
- Subjects
ALGORITHMS ,MATHEMATICAL decomposition ,MATHEMATICS ,ALGEBRA ,COMPUTER programming ,COMPUTER algorithms - Abstract
The article announces the selection of the study "Decomposition Algorithms for Stochastic Programming on a Computational Grid," written by Jeff Linderoth and Stephen Wright by the editorial board of the periodical "Computational Optimization and Applications," for the Best Paper Award 2004. The paper describes research carried out by the authors at the Argonne National Laboratory which was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The research involved the development of middleware software, the discovery of new algorithms that could exploit the power of grid platforms while not being affected too seriously by its less felicitous features and the implementation of these algorithms using the resulting codes to solve touchstone problems in optimization.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Analysis of the Correlation between the Use of Written Algorithms and Success in Mental Calculation.
- Author
-
Jurić, Josipa
- Subjects
ALGORITHMS ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,EMPIRICAL research ,SUPERVISED learning ,MATHEMATICS - Abstract
This paper explores the correlation between mental calculation performance and the frequency of using written algorithms in mental calculation tasks. Mental calculation is a mathematical tool used in everyday life situations during and after our formal education. After presenting an overview of the professional literature on this topic, the paper will present calculation methods and show how represented they are in the Curriculum. For the empirical part of the research, a total of 233 Croatian students aged 10 to 22 years were tested and interviewed. The previously mentioned correlation was then analyzed. An overview of the interview results will be presented as well. It was found that school mathematics does not always contribute to the development and flexibility in using mental calculation strategies because of the student preference for acquired written algorithms. Definitely, recommendation is shifting the focus from written calculation and procedures to the mental, discussing the associated strategies and different concepts of number. In this way, formal education could contribute to what students really need later on, in both private and professional situations in which they may find themselves on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
44. Identifying Anomalous Citations for Objective Evaluation of Scholarly Article Impact.
- Author
-
Bai, Xiaomei, Xia, Feng, Lee, Ivan, Zhang, Jun, and Ning, Zhaolong
- Subjects
APPLIED mathematics ,CONFLICT of interests ,RESEARCH grants ,CITATION analysis ,RANKING (Statistics) - Abstract
Evaluating the impact of a scholarly article is of great significance and has attracted great attentions. Although citation-based evaluation approaches have been widely used, these approaches face limitations e.g. in identifying anomalous citations patterns. This negligence would inevitably cause unfairness and inaccuracy to the article impact evaluation. In this study, in order to discover the anomalous citations and ensure the fairness and accuracy of research outcome evaluation, we investigate the citation relationships between articles using the following factors: collaboration times, the time span of collaboration, citing times and the time span of citing to weaken the relationship of Conflict of Interest (COI) in the citation network. Meanwhile, we study a special kind of COI, namely suspected COI relationship. Based on the COI relationship, we further bring forward the COIRank algorithm, an innovative scheme for accurately assessing the impact of an article. Our method distinguishes the citation strength, and utilizes PageRank and HITS algorithms to rank scholarly articles comprehensively. The experiments are conducted on the American Physical Society (APS) dataset. We find that about 80.88% articles contain contributed citations by co-authors in 26,366 articles and 75.55% articles among these articles are cited by the authors belonging to the same affiliation, indicating COI and suspected COI should not be ignored for evaluating impact of scientific papers objectively. Moreover, our experimental results demonstrate COIRank algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-art solutions. The validity of our approach is verified by using the probability of Recommendation Intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Early Integer Programming
- Author
-
Gomory, Ralph E.
- Published
- 2002
46. Analysis of Persian Bioinformatics Research with Topic Modeling.
- Author
-
Ebrahimi, Fezzeh, Dehghani, Mohammad, and Makkizadeh, Fatemah
- Subjects
LIFE sciences ,RESEARCH ,BIOMARKERS ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,MATHEMATICAL models ,NATURAL language processing ,RESEARCH methodology ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MOLECULAR models ,BIOINFORMATICS ,MATHEMATICS ,CITATION analysis ,GENE expression ,THEORY ,MEDICAL research ,INFORMATION technology ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Purpose. As a scientific field, bioinformatics has drawn remarkable attention from various fields, such as information technology, mathematics, and modern biological sciences, in recent years. The topic models originating from the field of natural language processing have become the focus of attention with the rapid accumulation of biological datasets. Thus, this research is aimed at modeling the topic content of the bioinformatics literature presented by Iranian researchers in the Scopus Citation Database. Methodology. This research was a descriptive-exploratory study, and the studied population included 3899 papers indexed in the Scopus database, which had been indexed in this database until March 9, 2022. The topic modeling was then performed on the abstracts and titles of the papers. A combination of LDA and TF-IDF was utilized for topic modeling. Findings. The data analysis with topic modeling resulted in identifying seven main topics "Molecular Modeling," "Gene Expression," "Biomarker," "Coronavirus," "Immunoinformatics," "Cancer Bioinformatics," and "Systems Biology." Moreover, "Systems Biology" and "Coronavirus" had the largest and smallest clusters, respectively. Conclusion. The present investigation demonstrated an acceptable performance for the LDA algorithm in classifying the topics included in this field. The extracted topic clusters indicated excellent consistency and topic connection with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. An Object-Oriented Random-Number Package with Many Long Streams and Substreams
- Author
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L'Ecuyer, Pierre, Simard, Richard, Chen, E. Jack, and Kelton, W. David
- Published
- 2002
48. Fitness Probability Distribution of Bit-Flip Mutation.
- Author
-
Chicano F, Sutton AM, Whitley LD, and Alba E
- Subjects
- Biological Evolution, Computer Simulation, Models, Statistical, Mutation, Algorithms, Mathematics, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
Bit-flip mutation is a common mutation operator for evolutionary algorithms applied to optimize functions over binary strings. In this paper, we develop results from the theory of landscapes and Krawtchouk polynomials to exactly compute the probability distribution of fitness values of a binary string undergoing uniform bit-flip mutation. We prove that this probability distribution can be expressed as a polynomial in p, the probability of flipping each bit. We analyze these polynomials and provide closed-form expressions for an easy linear problem (Onemax), and an NP-hard problem, MAX-SAT. We also discuss a connection of the results with runtime analysis.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Functions of multivector variables.
- Author
-
Chappell JM, Iqbal A, Gunn LJ, and Abbott D
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Mathematics
- Abstract
As is well known, the common elementary functions defined over the real numbers can be generalized to act not only over the complex number field but also over the skew (non-commuting) field of the quaternions. In this paper, we detail a number of elementary functions extended to act over the skew field of Clifford multivectors, in both two and three dimensions. Complex numbers, quaternions and Cartesian vectors can be described by the various components within a Clifford multivector and from our results we are able to demonstrate new inter-relationships between these algebraic systems. One key relationship that we discover is that a complex number raised to a vector power produces a quaternion thus combining these systems within a single equation. We also find a single formula that produces the square root, amplitude and inverse of a multivector over one, two and three dimensions. Finally, comparing the functions over different dimension we observe that Cl(R(3)) provides a particularly versatile algebraic framework.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Solution of the two dimensional second biharmonic equation with high‐order accuracy
- Author
-
Dehghan, Mehdi and Mohebbi, Akbar
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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