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The absolute dating of documents is still one of the most important challenges for forensic document examiners (FDE). The potential difference between the date on a questioned document and the actual year of production of the used paper can be only 1 to 5 years. Until now, there was no analytical method with this accuracy available. This study demonstrates a method for an absolute dating of paper by using the 14C bomb peak and dating the starch in the paper. Accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) radiocarbon measurements were performed on starch extracts and cellulose fibers from 50 paper samples with known production year from 1950 to 2018. For most of the paper samples, the measured 14C concentration values in the starch extracts were highly correlated with the data of the 14C bomb peak calibration curve. The differences between the calibrated ages and the actual harvest years of the starch‐containing plants were only up to 3 years. The 14C concentration in the paper fibers showed a lower but significant correlation with the production year of the papers and can be used to support the dating results of the starch extracts. In order to secure the accuracy of the dating, aside from the radiocarbon measurements of the extracted starch other analytical methods or data are used, like a detailed chemical analysis of the paper composition including fiber composition and the spectroscopic analysis of the purity of the starch extracts. In practice, only starch extracts without contaminations are used for the paper dating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's software industry is global, virtual, and depending more than ever on strong and reliable processes. Stakeholders and infrastructure are distributed across the globe, posing challenges that go beyond those with co‐located teams and servers. Software Engineering continues to be a complex undertaking, with projects challenged to meet expectations, especially regarding costs. We know that Software Engineering is an ever‐changing discipline, with the result that firms and their employees must regularly embrace new methods, tools, technologies, and processes. In 2020, the International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE) and the International Conference on Systems and Software Processes (ICSSP) joined forces aiming to create a holistic understanding of the software landscape both from the perspective of human and infrastructure distribution and also the processes to support software development. Unfortunately, these challenges have become even more personal to many more in 2020 due to the disruption introduced by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which forced both conferences to be held virtually. As an outcome of the joint event, we selected a set of the best papers from the two conferences, which were invited to submit extended versions to this Special Issue in the Journal of Software: Maintenance and Evolution. Dedicated committees were established to identify the best papers. Eight papers were invited and ultimately, seven of these invited papers have made it into this Special Issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children frequently respond differently to therapies compared to adults. Differences also exist between paediatric age groups for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both efficacy and safety. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires an understanding of the unique aspects of children with regard to, for example, drug response, growth and development, clinical presentation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), how they can be detected and population‐specific factors (e.g., more frequent use of off‐label/unlicensed drugs). In recognition of these challenges, a group of experts has been formed in the context of the conect4children (c4c) project to support paediatric drug development. This expert group collaborated to develop methodological considerations for paediatric drug safety and pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products which are described in this article. These considerations include practical points to consider for the development of the paediatric section of the risk management plan (RMP), safety in paediatric protocol development, safety data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they describe the specific details of post‐marketing pharmacovigilance in children using, for example, spontaneous reports, electronic health care records, registries and record‐linkage, as well as the use of paediatric pharmacoepidemiology studies for risk characterisation. Next the details of the assessment of benefit–risk and challenges related to medicinal product formulation in the context of a Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) are presented. Finally, practical issues in paediatric signal detection and evaluation are included. This paper provides practical points to consider for paediatric pharmacovigilance throughout the life‐cycle of medicinal products for RMPs, protocol development, safety data collection and analysis and PIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved global access to novel age‐appropriate formulations for paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs, is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients. However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development of acceptable age‐appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper recommends the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making across all teams involved in paediatric formulation development during the children‐centric formulation design for new chemical entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off‐patent drugs. Essential key attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described. Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to safe and effective, age‐appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to ensure postmarketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for efficient paediatric formulation development; however, the proposed paediatric Quality Target Product Profile could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making to expedite paediatric product development, particularly for those with limited experience in developing a paediatric product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They include: (i) ideational labor, (ii) construction labor, and (iii) aspirational costs. Is successful, it was possible only because the ideational necessities for it were met by previous laborers and labor, for example, the labor of feminist philosophers (of all sorts) and men of color philosophers on metaphilosophy and diversity. Alienation, in some form or another, was identified by people working in such areas as comparative philosophy, Eastern philosophical traditions, Africana philosophy, various forms of feminist philosophy, engaged philosophy, philosophies of various sciences (e.g., biology or physics), and even Western "history of philosophy." This underappreciated work load shared by most diverse practioners in the field of philosophy speaks to the way ideational labor can be problematic. Learning the skills that go into epistemological investigation today was part of the training I mentioned above and, as such, was part of the construction labor for "How Is This Paper Philosophy?". [Extracted from the article]

Herein, we prepared a bisuppport‐based bimetallic nanoparticle composite AuFe/ZIF‐8‐graphene. It exhibited high peroxidase activity compared to those hybrids without graphene support, which demonstrated the regulatory effect of graphene on the catalytic activity. SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT‐IR and XPS characterization showed that Au and Fe3O4 NPs were successfully immobilized on ZIF‐8‐rGO carriers. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the fabricated composites showed better Km and Vmax for H2O2 than HRP and some other reported peroxidase mimics. Under the optimal conditions, a sensing assay for H2O2 determination was constructed with a linear detection range of 0.01–2.5 mM and a detection limit of 0.63 μM. On this basis, a colorimetric test paper with its standard card was prepared for rapid visualization detection. It realized H2O2 detection in the range of 0.01‐500 mM and was further successfully applicated in the semi‐quantitative detection of H2O2 in actual spiked water samples. This achievement was expected to encourage the development of rapid visual detection for other pollutants in environmental and medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain language summary: The thyroid is a gland located in the neck and is important for many processes in the body. Problems with the thyroid gland are common in women of reproductive age. It is essential to have a normal working thyroid gland in order to achieve a successful pregnancy. One of the most common problems with the thyroid is underactivity (known as hypothyroidism). An early, mild form of an underactive thyroid is called subclinical hypothyroidism. Often people with this condition do not have any symptoms. Another common problem is thyroid autoimmunity. Here, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, sometimes leading to the development of abnormal thyroid function. This can be diagnosed by the presence of proteins in the bloodstream called antibodies. Mild thyroid problems and the presence of high levels of thyroid antibodies have been linked to miscarriage and premature birth. There is debate in medicine about whether there should be routine testing of thyroid function both in the general population and in individuals who are trying for a baby. In addition, the strategies used to manage certain thyroid problems are questioned. Discussions around testing and subsequent management particularly relate to women with a history of subfertility or repeated miscarriages. This Scientific Impact Paper provides information on thyroid testing and the management of mild thyroid problems and thyroid antibodies in women with a history of subfertility or recurrent miscarriages, using the latest evidence and guidelines. It concludes that there may be a role for treating these women with thyroxine tablets (the hormone produced by the thyroid gland) when subclinical hypothyroidism is present, and gives guidance on the cut‐off levels for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergy and respiratory disorders are common in young athletic individuals. In the context of elite sport, it is essential to secure an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize health and performance. It is also important, however, to consider the potential impact or consequences of these disorders, in recreationally active individuals engaging in structured exercise and/or physical activity to maintain health and well‐being across the lifespan. This EAACI Task Force was therefore established, to develop an up‐to‐date, research‐informed position paper, detailing the optimal approach to the diagnosis and management of common exercise‐related allergic and respiratory conditions. The recommendations are informed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts including allergists, pulmonologists, physiologists and sports physicians. The report is structured as a concise, practically focussed document, incorporating diagnostic and treatment algorithms, to provide a source of reference to aid clinical decision‐making. Throughout, we signpost relevant learning resources to consolidate knowledge and understanding and conclude by highlighting future research priorities and unmet needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic diseases and asthma are heterogenous chronic inflammatory conditions with several distinct complex endotypes. Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the development and progression of allergy. Complex pathogenetic pathways observed in allergic disorders present a challenge in patient management and successful targeted treatment strategies. The increasing availability of high‐throughput omics technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allows studying biochemical systems and pathophysiological processes underlying allergic responses. Additionally, omics techniques present clinical applicability by functional identification and validation of biomarkers. Therefore, finding molecules or patterns characteristic for distinct immune‐inflammatory endotypes, can subsequently influence its development, progression, and treatment. There is a great potential to further increase the effectiveness of single omics approaches by integrating them with other omics, and nonomics data. Systems biology aims to simultaneously and longitudinally understand multiple layers of a complex and multifactorial disease, such as allergy, or asthma by integrating several, separated data sets and generating a complete molecular profile of the condition. With the use of sophisticated biostatistics and machine learning techniques, these approaches provide in‐depth insight into individual biological systems and will allow efficient and customized healthcare approaches, called precision medicine. In this EAACI Position Paper, the Task Force "Omics technologies in allergic research" broadly reviewed current advances and applicability of omics techniques in allergic diseases and asthma research, with a focus on methodology and data analysis, aiming to provide researchers (basic and clinical) with a desk reference in the field. The potential of omics strategies in understanding disease pathophysiology and key tools to reach unmet needs in allergy precision medicine, such as successful patients' stratification, accurate disease prognosis, and prediction of treatment efficacy and successful prevention measures are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Olanedine solution is a new antiseptic, and several cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the agent were reported in 2018; however, these cases were diagnosed based on positive results in 2‐day closed patch testing of Olanedine solution "as is." Objectives: To present another case of Olanedine‐induced allergic contact dermatitis and to analyze the optimal patch‐testing method for this condition. Methods: A 34‐year‐old Japanese female patient and 25 healthy control subjects were patch tested using wet filter paper, which had been treated with 15 μL Olanedine solution, and dried filter paper, which had been treated with 15 μL Olanedine solution and then dried. Results: The patient and all of the control subjects exhibited false‐positive reactions due to irritation in the 2‐day closed patch tests with wet filter paper containing Olanedine solution "as is." The tests with dried filter paper produced a positive reaction on day 7 in the patient, and negative reactions in all control subjects. Conclusions: It is preferable to perform 2‐day closed patch tests using filter paper with the test solution "as is," which had been dried before application in order to correctly diagnose antiseptic‐induced allergic contact dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Society for the Study of Species Biology has announced the recipient of the 17th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award. The winning paper, titled "Environmental and genetic effects on phenotypic differences between Elaeocarpus photiniifolia ecotypes in dry and mesic habitats on a Japanese oceanic island," explores how different environmental conditions have led to reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation in a specific plant species. Another paper, titled "The epiphytic orchid Vanda falcata is predominantly associated with a single Tulasnellaceae fungus in adulthood, and Ceratobasidiaceae fungi strongly induce its seed germination in vitro," investigates the symbiotic relationships between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi at different stages of growth. Both papers are featured in recent issues of Plant Species Biology. [Extracted from the article]

In this concept, we showcase the upsurge in the studies of dynamic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials containing inorganic and/or organic components as versatile photo‐responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of photo‐controllable RTP, and meanwhile delve into the underlying RTP properties of various classes of photochromic materials including metal‐organic complexes, organic‐inorganic co‐crystals, purely organic small molecules and organic polymers. In particular, the design principles governing the integration of the photochromic and RTP moieties within a single material system, and the tuning of dynamic RTP in response to light are emphasized. As such, this concept sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of using these tunable RTP materials for potential applications in optoelectronics, particularly highlighting their use of reversible information encryption, erasable light printing and rewritable smart paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose hydrogel derived from cellulose fibers extracted from printed paper waste is prepared. The hydrogel derived from 3 wt% of the cellulose concentration exhibits a maximum water absorption capacity of 465.5%. The effects of the cellulose hydrogel on the soil moisture are evaluated using four types of soils namely river sand, clayey soil, loamy soil, and gley soil (the wetland soil). The potential application of cellulose‐based hydrogel as an eco‐friendly seed germination media of the paddy seeds under the soil‐less condition is evaluated. This study shows that paddy seeds exhibit a higher seed germination rate of 53% when cellulose hydrogel is used as a seed germination media as compared to seed germination rate ranging from 14% to 35% when various types of soil are used as the germination media. The prepared cellulose hydrogel could be applied as an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective seed germination media to enhance the paddy seeds' germination rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose‐ and other fiber‐based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti‐UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large‐scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high blood glucose and low oxygen environment in diabetes wounds, complex pathological problems arise, such as failure to upregulate healing factors, biological barriers generation, microvascular lesions, and skin neuropathy. Inspired by nature and traditional Chinese paper‐cutting technology, polypeptide deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hydrogel microneedles (MNs) (P‐DNA gel MNs) are prepared. The obtained P‐DNA gel MNs possess optimized structure and large deformability, providing excellent clamping, stability, skin penetration, large deformation, tissue adhesion, and antibacterial properties. By incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted under hypoxia (H‐EVs‐hypoxia), P‐DNA gel MNs can regulate tissue microenvironment, scavenge free radicals, and reduce inflammation. Notably, P‐DNA gel MNs integration system activates immune regulation and beneficial pathways, promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis, reducing pathological pain, and achieving high‐quality healing. Overall, P‐DNA gel MNs system presents a fundamental mechanism for clinical transformation in treating diabetes wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nguyen, O. T. H., Aksenov, I., Phan, N. T., & Sakulyeva, T. (2021). Russia's foreign policy priorities in the Asia‐Pacific region. Journal of Public Affairs, e2745. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2745. The above article, published online on 17 August 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Laura Corazza and Shaista Wasiuzzaman and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following concerns regarding manipulation of the peer review and publishing process. Concerns were originally raised by a third party (1). Further investigation by the publisher has found manipulation of the peer review process, and overlapping text with other publications. The retraction has been agreed because the peer review of the article was compromised and there is unattributed overlap between this article and several other articles (2)(3). Abalkina, A. (2022). Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: evidence from a Russia‐based paper mill https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13322 Burdzik, T. (2019). Slowly but Surely: Russia's Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics‐and‐comments/columns/asian‐kaleidoscope/slowly‐but‐surely‐russia‐s‐foreign‐policy‐in‐southeast‐asia/?sphrase%5fid=34631795 Rumer, E., Sokolsky, R., Vladicic, A. (2020). Russia in the Asia‐Pacific: Less Than Meets the Eye https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/82614 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological fuel cells are so far underrepresented in the theory and practice of chemistry lessons at German schools. A school experiment on an enzymatic fuel cell is presented in a short portrait below. It is simple, quick to set up and delivers reproducible, didactically concise results that allow a qualitative understanding of how it works. The set‐up is quite simple and easy to carry out due to the use of inexpensive materials such as filter paper strips, activated carbon, surfactant, lactase (tablets) and lactose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper electronics offer an environmentally sustainable option for flexible and wearable systems and perfectly fit the available printing technologies for high manufacturing efficiency. As the heart of energy‐consuming devices, paper‐based batteries are required to be compatible with printing processes with high fidelity. Herein, hydrogel reinforced cellulose paper (HCP) is designed to serve as the separator and solid electrolyte for paper batteries. The HCP can sustain higher strain than pristine papers and are biodegradable in natural environment within four weeks. Zinc‐metal (Ni and Mn) batteries printed on the HCP present remarkable volumetric energy density of ≈26 mWh cm–3, and also demonstrate the feature of cuttability and compatibility with flexible circuits and devices. As a result, self‐powered electronic system could be constructed by integrating printed paper batteries with solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. The result highlights the feasibility of hydrogel reinforced paper for ubiquitous flexible and eco‐friendly electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"A Liberal Chronicle in Peace and War: Journals and Papers of J. A. Pease, 1st Lord Gainford, 1911–1915" is a highly regarded historical book that provides the complete text of Joseph "Jack" Pease's cabinet diaries and selected letters from 1911 to 1915. Pease was a member of the last reforming Liberal government led by H. H. Asquith, and his diary offers fascinating insights into the political, family, and social circles of the time. The book also includes commentaries by the editors, Cameron Hazlehurst and Christine Woodland, who provide additional context and interpretations. This meticulously researched and well-written book is a valuable resource for scholars studying the political history of the United Kingdom during this period. [Extracted from the article]

The Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports' Paper of the Year for 2023 went to a study by Camilla Tvede Schytz and colleagues on the effects of muscle glycogen levels on short-term, high-intensity cycling exercise. Despite differences in glycogen levels, performance was unaffected, with lower glycogen levels actually resulting in a lower body mass, likely due to the binding of water with glycogen.

This document provides highlights of recent clinically relevant papers in the field of equine veterinary medicine. The first study compares the efficacy and safety of oral esomeprazole and omeprazole pastes in the treatment of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD). The results show that esomeprazole was more effective in treating ESGD and concurrent EGGD. The second study investigates the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis, the contagious equine metritis organism, using different types of swabs. The findings suggest that dry swabs perform as well as swabs in transport medium for PCR testing. The third study examines the effect of triamcinolone acetate on blood insulin and glucose concentrations in horses. The results indicate that a single intra-articular dose of triamcinolone acetate increases blood insulin and glucose concentrations for 48 hours in horses with normal insulin sensitivity. The fourth study characterizes the oral Gram-negative microbiota of healthy horses and evaluates their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The study finds that the isolates are multidrug-resistant and have a higher resistance to macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones. The fifth study compares the occurrence of postoperative complications and survival in horses with ileal impactions resolved by manual decompression versus jejunal enterotomy. The results show no significant differences between the two surgical methods. The final study documents a previously unreported presentation of [Extracted from the article]

This document provides highlights of recent clinically relevant papers in the field of equine veterinary education. The first study examines the associations between insulin responses to oral sugars and insulin dysregulation in nonlaminitic ponies. The second study compares the effects of firocoxib and flunixin meglumine on colonic inflammation in healthy horses. The third study develops and validates a scoring system for trigeminal-mediated headshaking in horses. The fourth study presents guidelines for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test in ruminants, horses, and swine. The final study investigates the heredity of juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Arabian horses. [Extracted from the article]

In this teaching tip, we—a literacy professor and two K–12 teachers—encourage a rethinking of the baseline writing assessment by sharing our experiences with "The Paper Selfie," an activity that juxtaposes the arts and young people's personal writing. By centering students' identities, their hopes, beliefs, dreams, and realities, alongside images they create to depict themselves, The Paper Selfie can serve a role in enabling young people to see themselves in their learning as we gather important data to guide our writing instruction. As such, this teaching tip provides an example of how a baseline writing assessment can be informative and meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Shigella is the main cause of endemic diarrhoea in low‐income countries. Fast and accurate detection of this pathogen can effectively prevent the consumption of contaminated food and reduce the risk of diarrhoea outbreaks. Recently, a competitive annealing‐mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP) assay was proposed as a novel nucleic acid detection technology. In this study, we developed a visual CAMP assay based on the invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) gene for rapid detection of Shigella in milk. Without enrichment culture, the visual CAMP assay could reliably detect Shigella at 2.6 × 102 CFU mL−1 or higher contamination levels. With enrichment culture, even if the spiked level is 1 CFU mL−1, the visual CAMP assay could reliably detect Shigella from the milk sample. Furthermore, a simple paper‐based DNA extraction method was established. The efficiency of the paper‐based method was comparable to that of the commercial kit method, and the entire extraction procedure can be completed in 15 min. The visual CAMP assay combined with the paper‐based DNA extraction method showed higher sensitivity and specificity for Shigella on‐site detection in milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain language summary: Biomarkers may offer unforeseen insights into clinical diagnosis, as well as the likely course and outcome of a condition. In this paper, the focus is on the use of biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues for diagnosis and prediction of outcome in ovarian cancer patients. In cancer care, biomarkers are being used to develop personalised treatment plans for patients based on the unique characteristics of their tumour. This tailoring of care can be used to pursue specific targets identified by biomarkers, or treat the patient according to specific tumour characteristics. Surgery is one of the core treatments for ovarian cancer, whether it is offered in primary surgery or following chemotherapy in delayed surgery. Biomarkers already exist to guide the treatment of tumours with chemotherapy, but very little research has determined the value of biomarkers in tailoring surgical care for ovarian cancer. Such research is required to identify new biomarkers and assess their effectiveness in a clinical setting as well as to help identify specific tumour types to guide surgery. Biomarkers could help to determine the success of removing the disease surgically, or help to identify tumour deposits that persist after chemotherapy. All of these aspects would improve current practice. This Scientific Impact Paper highlights research that may pave the way towards bespoke surgery according to the biological characteristics of a tumour and aid gynaecological oncologists to provide surgical treatment according to individual need, rather than a blanket approach for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prototype application for machine‐readable literature is investigated. The program is called pyDataRecognition and serves as an example of a data‐driven literature search, where the literature search query is an experimental data set provided by the user. The user uploads a powder pattern together with the radiation wavelength. The program compares the user data to a database of existing powder patterns associated with published papers and produces a rank ordered according to their similarity score. The program returns the digital object identifier and full reference of top‐ranked papers together with a stack plot of the user data alongside the top‐five database entries. The paper describes the approach and explores successes and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to cope with the current engineering demand for increasing the current‐carrying capacity of resin impregnated paper (RIP) bushing, an optimization scheme of RIP bushing was proposed in this paper. Simulation and experimental studies were carried out to verify the rationality of the scheme. An improved simulation method was proposed. To ensure as much accuracy as possible, the physical model of simulation considers the influence of heat conduction, thermal convection and thermal radiation process according to the actual operation environment. To boost the computational efficiency, the improved method simplified the relationship between temperature and heating power of the current‐carrying conductor as a fitting formula to avoid the iterative calculation between electromagnetic field simulation and temperature field simulation. The temperature rise test was carried out according to the engineering requirement and the standard international electro technical commission (IEC) 60137:2008. The simulation and experimental results show that the RIP bushing can carry a current with the heating power of its conductor equivalent to that generated by a 50‐Hz current of 6736 A while running in a converter station. It is a breakthrough of the current‐carrying capacity of high voltage bushing. Meanwhile, the regularity of temperature distribution of the RIP bushing was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish a standard surgical procedure for children with chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, which was based on the degree of curvature and urethral plate quality. To guidelines for the management of this disorder. Methods: We reviewed 58 cases of chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, managed between March 2006 and September 2020. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 89 months. Operative details and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Mild‐moderate chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra correction was performed using a tubularized incised plate (13 cases) or onlay island flap (five cases) technique after penile degloving. Severe chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra required transection of the urethra and underwent a Duckett (11 cases) or staged (29 cases) urethroplasty. Complications in the tubularized incised plate and onlay island flap groups were 7.7% and 20%, respectively. The overall complication rate was 10.3% in the staged group and 27.3% in the Duckett group. Conclusions: Reconstruction of the entire hypoplastic urethra should be recommended in the management of chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra. We propose an algorithm based on the degree of curvature and urethral plate quality. The tubularized incised plate or onlay island flap technique can be used for mild to moderate chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, and the outcome of the tubularized incised plate technique tends to be better than that of the onlay island flap technique. Duckett or staged urethroplasty is suitable for severe chordee with a paper‐thin hypoplastic urethra, and the staged technique can improve the overall success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of solid dielectrics to electrode surfaces will change the motion behaviours of free metallic particles and in turn affect partial discharge (PD) characteristics in transformer oil. To estimate the influence, the metallic particles movement in flowing oil was compared between different cases with and without insulating paper covering electrodes here. When the electrodes were bare, particles executed up‐down movements repeatedly in the vertical direction. As the electrodes were paper‐covered, the particles would settle on the paper surface for a period of time. Simultaneously, the PD characteristics caused by metallic particles were measured. When the electrodes were bare, the discharges concentrated in 0–90° and 300–360° and the PD magnitude reached 390 pC. When the double electrodes were paper‐covered, the PD magnitude decreased by 67% and the concentration phases of PDs would migrate to 45° and 160°. In order to analyse the experimental results, a simulation model with a paper‐covered boundary was constructed. Simulated trajectories of particles were in accord with the experiment results. Base on the model, the particle motion characteristics were obtained and the electric field distribution between the particle and electrode was calculated. Finally, the influence of paper‐covering on PD characteristics was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain language summary: Increasingly, births around the world are started artificially using medications or other methods. This process is known as induction of labour. As it becomes more common, methods are needed to meet the different clinical needs and birth preferences of women. Induction of labour typically includes a combination of the medication dinoprostone inserted into the vagina, artificial rupture of membranes ('releasing the waters'), and synthetic oxytocin (hormone given via a drip). This paper reviews some of the methods less commonly used for induction in the UK, namely a drug called misoprostol, which can be given orally or vaginally, and 'mechanical' methods, where labour is started by stretching the cervix (neck of the womb), most commonly with a soft silicone tube with a balloon near the tip, filled with water. Low‐dose oral misoprostol tablets are now commercially available in the UK. Other methods for labour induction are not reviewed in detail in this paper. The evidence suggests mechanical induction of labour (using a balloon catheter) and misoprostol are both at least as safe and effective as using the standard drug, dinoprostone. There is evidence to suggest a balloon catheter may reduce the chance of serious negative outcomes for babies when compared with dinoprostone, and that giving low‐dose oral misoprostol results in fewer caesarean births. Where possible and after informed consent, the method of induction of labour should be personalised to suit the individual woman, her clinical condition, and the setting in which she is giving birth. Local contexts and resources also need to be taken into account. To date, research into women's perspectives and experiences of induction of labour have been significantly lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Conference on Cognitive Modeling brings together researchers from around the world whose main goal is to build computational systems that reflect the internal processes of the mind. In this issue, we present the five best representative papers on this work from our 19th meeting, ICCM 2021, which was held virtually from July 3 to July 9, 2021. Three of these papers provide new techniques for refining computational models, giving better methods for taking empirical data and producing accurate computational models of the cognitive systems that produce them. The other two papers focus on explanation: using models to elucidate the underlying processes affecting cognition in such diverse domains as logical reasoning and the effects of caffeine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon paper‐supported graphene aerogels are examined as anode electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries, employing a hydrothermal process and a freeze‐drying step. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) prove to promote graphene aerogel formation and its chemical bonding onto the surface of carbon paper. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the electrode treated with the former diamine has a remarkable rate capability with higher capacities as compared with the electrode treated with the latter diamine and better stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data paper is an emerging academic genre that focuses on the description of research data objects. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about this rising genre in quantitative science studies, particularly from the perspective of its linguistic features. To fill this gap, this research aims to offer a first quantitative examination of which rhetorical moves—rhetorical units performing a coherent narrative function—are used in data paper abstracts, as well as how these moves are used. To this end, we developed a new classification scheme for rhetorical moves in data paper abstracts by expanding a well‐received system that focuses on English‐language research article abstracts. We used this expanded scheme to classify and analyze rhetorical moves used in two flagship data journals, Scientific Data and Data in Brief. We found that data papers exhibit a combination of introduction, method, results, and discussion‐ and data‐oriented moves and that the usage differences between the journals can be largely explained by journal policies concerning abstract and paper structure. This research offers a novel examination of how the data paper, a data‐oriented knowledge representation, is composed, which greatly contributes to a deeper understanding of research data and its publication in the scholarly communication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon nanotube papers were employed in fabricating thin and broadband radar absorbing structures (RAS). Different concentrations of the CNT papers have been made by using a vacuum filtration method, with 20 × 20 cm in size and 21‐27 μm in thickness. An epoxy resin was added into the CNT paper and then cured to become a composite with 1‐5 wt.% of CNTs and 83‐309 μm in thickness. The complex permittivity and permeability (ε′, ε″, μ′, μ″) of the CNT paper composites were measured using the transmission/reflection method in the frequency range of 2‐18 GHz. The results reveal that the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of the complex permittivity are increased with the CNT concentration. The ε′ of 5 wt.% CNT sample reaches 323 at 2 GHz and then decreases to 49.0 at 18 GHz. The ε″ reaches 321 at 2 GHz and decreases to 26.0 at 18 GHz. The CNT paper composite combined with a glass fabric composite used for a dielectric spacer is fabricated for an innovative RAS and the reflection loss is measured using the arch method in a microwave anechoic chamber. The results show that the 5 wt.% CNT paper composite/glass fabric composite absorbers attain maximum reflection loss of −13.3 dB at 12.0 GHz, −13.8 dB  at 10.0 GHz, and −16.0 dB at 7.5 GHz for spacer thickness of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ecological Research team has announced the winners of the 2023 Ecological Research Paper Award. The winning papers cover a range of topics, including the genetic structures of sika deer and Japanese land leeches, the phytogeography and history of Japanese beech forests, the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on group densities of Thomas' langurs in a tropical forest, the combined effects of artificial light at night and anthropogenic noise on ground crickets, and the effects of grazing on marsh plants by wintering Middendorf's bean goose. These papers were recognized at the award ceremony during the 71st Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Japan. [Extracted from the article]

Dr. Rocío Trueba‐Gómez and her team from Mexico City, Mexico, have been awarded the Vox Sanguinis Best Paper Prize 2023 for their paper titled "Use of computational biology to compare the theoretical tertiary structures of the most common forms of RhCE and RhD." This prestigious prize is given annually for the best original paper published in Vox Sanguinis the previous year and includes a certificate and a cash prize of 5000 Euros. The authors will receive the award during the opening ceremony of the 38th International Congress of the International Society of Blood Transfusion in Barcelona. Congratulations to the authors on their achievement. [Extracted from the article]

The International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (IJGO) has announced the John J. Sciarra Prize Paper Award for 2024. This award is given to the best clinical research paper from a low- or middle-income country published in the IJGO during 2024. The winning corresponding author will receive an £800 stipend, a certificate of recognition, and complimentary access to the online version of IJGO for one year. The purpose of this award is to encourage investigators, especially young scientists, from low- and middle-income countries to submit their best clinical research articles for publication in IJGO. The IJGO is the official publication of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), which aims to enhance women's healthcare worldwide by publishing original scientific articles and communications from low-income countries, focusing on important obstetric and gynecologic problems, issues, and perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

The safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in children, particularly preterms, neonates and infants, is limited by a paucity of good‐quality data from prospective clinical drug trials. A specific challenge is the establishment of valid biomarkers. OMICs technologies may support these efforts by complementary information about targeted and nontargeted molecules through systematic characterization and quantitation of biological samples. OMICs technologies comprise at least genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in addition to the patient's phenotype. OMICs technologies are in part hypothesis‐generating, allowing an in depth understanding of disease pathophysiology and pharmacological mechanisms. Application of OMICs technologies in paediatrics faces major challenges before routine adoption. First, developmental processes need to be considered, including a subdivision into specific age groups as developmental changes clearly impact OMICs data. Second, compared to the adult population, the number of patients is limited as are the type and amount of necessary biomaterial, especially in neonates and preterms. Thus, advanced trial designs and biostatistical methods, noninvasive biomarkers, innovative biobanking concepts including data and samples from healthy children, as well as analytical approaches (eg liquid biopsies) should be addressed to overcome these obstacles. The ultimate goal is to link OMICs technologies with innovative analysis tools, such as artificial intelligence at an early stage. The use of OMICs data based on a feasible approach will contribute to the identification complex phenotypes and subpopulations of patients to improve the development of medicines for children with potential economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many women experience giving birth as traumatic. Although women's subjective experiences of trauma are considered the most important, currently there is no clear inclusive definition of a traumatic birth to help guide practice, education, and research. Aim: To formulate a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of a traumatic childbirth experience. Methods: After a rapid literature review, a five‐step process was undertaken. First, a draft definition was created based on interdisciplinary experts' views. The definition was then discussed and reformulated with input from over 60 multidisciplinary clinicians and researchers during a perinatal mental health and birth trauma research meeting in Europe. A revised definition was then shared with consumer groups in eight countries to confirm its face validity and adjusted based on their feedback. Results: The stepwise process confirmed that a woman‐centered and inclusive definition was important. The final definition was: "A traumatic childbirth experience refers to a woman's experience of interactions and/or events directly related to childbirth that caused overwhelming distressing emotions and reactions; leading to short and/ or long‐term negative impacts on a woman's health and wellbeing." Conclusions: This definition of a traumatic childbirth experience was developed through consultations with experts and consumer groups. The definition acknowledges that low‐quality provider interactions and obstetric violence can traumatize individuals during childbirth. The women‐centered and inclusive focus could help women to identify and validate their experiences of traumatic birth, offering benefits for practice, education, and research, as well as for policymaking and activism in the fields of perinatal mental health and respectful maternity care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To exclude non-specific reactions to the pollen extract, 20 subjects allergic to other allergen sources (food, dust mite, fungal, cockroach and/or other pollens) and 12 healthy subjects were included in SPT and sIgE assays as controls. I B. papyrifera i pollen is an important cause of allergic rhinitis. [Extracted from the article]

Plain language summary: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is the term used to describe the group of symptoms including vaginal pain, vaginal dryness, itching, pain during sexual intercourse and fragile vaginal tissues as well as urinary symptoms including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, blood in the urine (haematuria) and recurrent urinary tract infections that occur due to a lack of the hormone estrogen. These symptoms can have a significant negative impact on psychosexual issues, sexual function and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Traditionally women have been treated with vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturisers or low‐dose vaginal estrogens. Lasers have been used in the cosmetic industry for collagen remodelling and repair of the skin. Therefore, it has been suggested that laser therapy may be used on the vagina as an alternative treatment for GSM. A review of all the published studies assessing the safety and efficacy of laser therapy for GSM have shown promising beneficial results. The majority of studies to date have been small, short‐term, observational studies. However, there are randomised controlled trials underway. Laser treatment may be beneficial for the symptoms of GSM but until more robust evidence is available it should not be adopted into widespread practice, and should be used as part of a research study only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Donald Trump's political campaign, Americans have appeared increasingly divided over public opinion issues and U.S. policies with the media seemingly reflecting these divisions. One of Trump's early initiatives was the "Muslim ban," which restricted visitors from seven Muslim‐majority countries. Focusing on the portrayal of Muslims in over 900 hand‐coded articles, our study uses multilevel modeling techniques to examine how newspapers changed their frames and claimsmakers in discussions about Muslims before and after Trump was elected. After the election, newspapers were more likely to include government claimsmakers and an immigration frame and were less likely to mention a radical terrorist leader or portray Muslims as violent. Trump's election and the ban may have ushered in a more sympathetic view of Muslims with more articles focused on them as victims of violence and negative expressions. Across counties, states, and newspapers and between the national versus local presses, we find almost no significant differences in how Muslims were portrayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain language summary: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is the term used to describe the group of symptoms including vaginal pain, vaginal dryness, itching, pain during sexual intercourse and fragile vaginal tissues as well as urinary symptoms including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, blood in the urine (haematuria) and recurrent urinary tract infections that occur due to a lack of the hormone estrogen. These symptoms can have a significant negative impact on psychosexual issues, sexual function and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Traditionally women have been treated with vaginal lubricants, vaginal moisturisers or low‐dose vaginal estrogens. Lasers have been used in the cosmetic industry for collagen remodelling and repair of the skin. Therefore, it has been suggested that laser therapy may be used on the vagina as an alternative treatment for GSM. A review of all the published studies assessing the safety and efficacy of laser therapy for GSM have shown promising beneficial results. The majority of studies to date have been small, short‐term, observational studies. However, there are randomised controlled trials underway. Laser treatment may be beneficial for the symptoms of GSM but until more robust evidence is available it should not be adopted into widespread practice, and should be used as part of a research study only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial metabolism of specific dietary components, such as fiber, contributes to the sophisticated inter‐kingdom dialogue in the gut that maintains a stable environment with important beneficial physiological, metabolic, and immunological effects on the host. Historical changes in fiber intake may be contributing to the increase of allergic and hypersensitivity disorders as fiber‐derived metabolites are evolutionarily hardwired into the molecular circuitry governing immune cell decision‐making processes. In this review, we highlight the importance of fiber as a dietary ingredient, its effects on the microbiome, its effects on immune regulation, the importance of appropriate timing of intervention to target any potential window of opportunity, and potential mechanisms for dietary fibers in the prevention and management of allergic diseases. In addition, we review the human studies examining fiber or prebiotic interventions on asthma and respiratory outcomes, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and overall risk of atopic disorders. While exposures, interventions, and outcomes were too heterogeneous for meta‐analysis, there is significant potential for using fiber in targeted manipulations of the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions in promoting immune health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EVALUATION OF ABILITY TO TOLERATE THERAPY (COMORBIDITY ASSESSMENT AND MORTALITY PREDICTION) Evaluation of fitness for treatment in older AML patients All patients should be assessed for their suitability to receive intensive induction therapy at presentation. CLINICAL TRIALS This patient population has historically contributed low recruitment to clinical trials due to ineffective therapies, adverse disease biology and physical limitations of the older AML patient. High risk, fit, older patients with high-risk APL (white cell count >10 × 10 SP 9 sp /L) can be treated with a similar treatment approach to that used in younger patients, although dose reduction should be considered with chemotherapy (especially anthracyclines)-based regimens.97-100 Patients with a high white cell count >10 × 10 SP 9 sp /L should receive prophylactic corticosteroids which can potentially reduce the risk of APL differentiation syndrome.97,99 Dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously twice a day should be started immediately at the earliest clinical suspicion of APL differentiation syndrome. An evaluation of 17 years of low dose cytarabine as therapy for AML patients not fit for intensive treatment, including patients with adverse cytogenetics, shows improving survival, potential underutilisation and highlights the need for new therapy. An analysis of 2,767 AML patients in the Swedish Acute Leukaemia Registry evaluated the effect of the decision to treat on outcomes.31 In this study, 30-day mortality rates were dependent on both age and PS; however, older patients with good PS had low early death rates and patients with poor PS had increased early mortality across all ages. [Extracted from the article]

Since that wise and just decision, your humble petitioners have observed, with concern, that a few booksellers in London, under the name of the booksellers of London and Westminster, have brought in a bill before this Honourable House for an exclusive privilege of printing books that are without the statute of the 8th of Queen Anne, for a limited time; and for a further extension of right beyond what is granted to authors and their assigns by that act. As a monopoly will be so very prejudicial in the lowest class of books, so it will be to the second, which are the common books in estimation, such as Pope, Swift, Spectators, Rambler, &c. This will evidently appear from comparing the editions of books that were published from the expiration of the monopoly in 1731, till about the year 1760 (when the Booksellers began to entertain hope of a perpetual one) with the new editions of old copies printed since that time; and more particularly since the judgment of the Court of King's Bench. The Booksellers paid a valuable Consideration for their Copies, Mr. I Donaldson i paid no B {3} b Consideration for his Copies, and the Booksellers therefore humbly hope that the Wisdom as well as the Equity of Parliament will think them proper Objects of Relief: The Counter-Petitioners exclaim against the present Solicitation, as an Attempt to introduce an I ex post facto i Law; yet the Booksellers flatter themselves that the Nature of the Case will sufficiently extenuate such a Circumstance, since they could not apply for a Remedy to any Grievance, till the Grievance actually existed. [Extracted from the article]

The presence of multiple bleeding symptoms and/or severe bleeding symptom(s) contribute to a higher score and therefore a greater chance of a bleeding disorder diagnosis. There is bleeding at a critical site (e.g., ICH, retinal haemorrhage, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, intraspinal haemorrhage, haemarthrosis) with no correlating history of trauma or other explanation that adequately accounts for the bleeding. ISTH/SSC bleeding assessment tool: a standardized questionnaire and a proposal for a new bleeding score for inherited bleeding disorders. A standardised bleeding assessment tool, e.g., the International Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT), can be used to quantitate bleeding symptoms in order to generate a bleeding score. [Extracted from the article]

Developing low‐cost and effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to replace Pt‐group metals is a continuous challenge. Recently, transition metal phosphides have received increasing attention owing to their high intrinsic activity in catalyzing HER in acidic media. Herein, we reported a novel hybrid nanostructure MoP/Co2P anchored on carbon fiber paper (CFP) (MoP/Co2P/CFP) which was achieved by a facile hydrothermal approach to obtain Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10 nanowires array (NA)/CFP, followed by deposition of MoO2 nanoparticles via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the presence of MoO3 and a subsequent in situ phosphorization process. It was worth noting that the catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity for HER in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, which afforded an overpotential of 140 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 80 mV dec−1, an exchange current density of 0.153 mA cm−2 and a high electrochemical double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) of 48.2 mF cm−2. Moreover, it also exhibited superior stability and durability in long‐term durability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lime mud, a kind of industrial waste that produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process. The carbonation performance of the lime mud was investigated in a dual‐fixed bed reactor (DFR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The carbonation kinetics of the lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage was analyzed by a surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model. The results show that the lime mud presents much poorer carbonation performance during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the limestone, mainly due to the high content of chlorine in the lime mud. A prewash treatment process was used to decrease the chlorine content to mitigate the sintering of the lime mud when calcined at high temperature. After prewash treatment, the prewashed lime mud shows much higher CO2 capture capacity during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the lime mud. A prolonged carbonation process successfully further enhances the microstructure and improves the carbonation performance of the prewashed lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage. The lime mud can be effectively used as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process after prewash treatment and the following prolonged carbonation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]