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The main goal in this paper is to analyze the narrator of the novels Papá (2003), La patria (2006), Wërra (2020), Darwin o el origen de la vejez (2022) e Historia íntima del amor masculino (2022), by the Argentinian writer Federico Jeanmaire, from a gender perspective focused on the study of new masculinities. These autobiographic novels are characterized by being narrated in first person by a narrator that functions as a transposition of the author himself, who recalls his life experiences. Particularly, the paper focuses on investigating the relation between the narrator and hegemonic masculinities and its institutions, as well as on attitudes he unfolds in his own emotions or in the romantic love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an argument about the reasons for the exclusion of Spanish women and their literary production in relation with the rest of the Group of '27 literary canon. In order to evidence the marginalization of these authors and demonstrate their absence in the cultural Spanish landscape, the article begins with an explanation of the historical and sociopolitical context of Spain during the early decades of the 20th century. Afterward, this paper presents a conceptualization of literary canon as a starting point to approach the polemic associated with the --commonly referred to as-- Generation of '27 as well as the configuration of poetry as a characteristic genre in comparison to the other literary work, and the role that critics and history played in the conformation of the canon of the '27 movement. Finally, it is concluded that women were not part of the modernization attempts in Spain at the beginning of the 20th century for different reasons: relegation of them to the domestic sphere, the high representation of men in the Group of '27, the significant role of anthologies and magazines in shaping the canon, and the repression caused by the dictatorship of the Franco regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exhaustive review of different archived documents at the University of Costa Rica was the starting point of this paper, in order to: highlight the work of the School of Philology, Linguistics and Literature, since its inception, in the field of writing, to point out the approaches used in the teaching of specific writing courses (Composition And Style, Basic Writing Course, Written Expression I and II) and to discuss the existence or absence of paradigm changes in the programs of said courses through the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some phonological processes of Dí'ztè, a Zapotec language spoken in the Southern Highlands and Coast regions of Oaxaca, Mexico, from an oral text. The main goal of this paper is to show that phonological analysis based on an oral text offers a greater richness of processes than the phonological analyses based on diagnostic lists or carrier phrases. The oral text Liz mbol Wel comes from the Loxicha tradition and tells us the story of an indigenous family from Piedra del Sol, a community in Santo Domingo de Morelos, who lived in a very small house. After the arrival of new family members, Don Manuel's wife makes the request to build a bigger house. Don Manuel agrees and asks for the support of the community to build his new house. In gratitude, he offers a meal with tortillas, mole and tepache. Based on this short oral text we analyze some phonological processes of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the results of a theoretical research on the category of social exclusion are presented, research performed from 2022 to early 2023. From a series of analysis related to the absence of a theoretical base for such category, the purpose was to identify, through document review, which theoretical background this category could be related with. The argument in this paper is that structural functionalism is an alternative for theoretical ground, because with Robert Merton was found that social exclusion is a problem addressed in his theory through the concept of anomie in his sociology of deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a discourse analysis of two poems selected from the book Sovereign Erotics: A Collection of Two-Spirit Literature (Driskill et al., 2011b) to explore the concept of grief in Two-Spirit/Queer Indigenous poetry. It analyzes the diction, voice, formality, themes, metaphors, similes, personification, and the use of repetition the authors utilize to represent grief and discover the social, cultural, and political realities and discursive practices behind the poems. It concludes that through their expression of grief, the poets highlight the emergence and endurance of a community and people who will continue to fight for survival and the right to live in peace and harmony outside of colonial gender and sexual binaries. Both poems engage with a continuing sense of Two-Spirit identity that call forth new generations of Queer Indigenous/Two-Spirit people while remembering their history and the Elders who came before to heal personal and historical trauma often through connection with nature, their ancestors, and spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes and exemplifies, specifically, how the program of the Bribri Language subject could be redesigned from the theoretical-methodological framework of the curricular design of second languages. To achieve this, first, general principles of the curricular design of second languages are exposed; then, it is presented and discussed how these could be applied in an eventual process of curricular (re)design of the referred subject. The conclusion is that, by contemplating linguistic, sociocultural, and pedagogical elements, the curricular design of second languages offers a comprehensive conceptual framework that could yield positive results in the formal teaching of the Bribri language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the play Carnes tolendas. Retrato escénico de una travesti, starring the award-winning Argentinean actress and writer Camila Sosa Villada and directed by María Palacios. From the perspective of Theatre Studies, we analyze the possibility of the play to produce scenes of equality in terms of Jacques Rancière (2010; 2012). For this purpose, we observe how the performance is part of the crisis of the character (Ryngaert, 2013) in virtue of the fact that the construction of the staging consists on multiple textualities that are identified and reconstructed. We delve into the description and analysis of the construction of voices (Jolly and Moreira da Silva, 2013) and corporealities (Fischer-Lichte, 2011) that stage different materials, including dramatic texts, songs, biographical accounts and openings for dialogue with the audience. On stage, Sosa Villada summons numerous bodies: the bodies of violent men from the family and police universe, the bodies of fragile women, the broken and worn bodies of García Lorca's women, her own trans body and even her own old body. The stage constructs and deconstructs representations of bodies and voices in the rhapsodic logic that stitches fragments together in contemporary theatre. The dramaturgy of the stage opens up the possibility for spectators to go through an experience that gives voice to an invisible history and to be dazzled by the poetic capacities of the performer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how Emily Dickinson was previously studied and compares it to the most recent critical approaches, particularly on the subject of emotion. Using religious poetry, poetry about nature, and humor, this paper examines the critical interpretations that previously highlighted the role that pain and suffering played in Dickinson's poetry as well as the gradual change on Dickinson's critical studies that took place since the seventies. With the growing diversity of critical perspectives, it may come as a surprise that it is still necessary to refer back to the darker image of the poet: why does this image persist? And is it possible to reconcile Dickinson's popular image with the new critical currents? This article reveals that Dickinson's image is permanently under construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Alan Pauls' literary beginnings, specifically on his first two novels: El pudor del pornógrafo (1984) and El coloquio (1990). Through the analysis of the European and extemporaneous system of correspondences (Kafka, Klossowski, Goethe, Bataille) that intervenes in the creative process of these texts, our argumentation aims to evidence, firstly, the immediate context with which this narrative decides, from its beginnings, to antagonize: those writings related to the idea of a literary work linked to politicization, memorialism, pedagogical function, folklorism. And, secondly, closely linked to the above: the set of choices (thematic, theoretical, filiatory, formal and evaluative) that Pauls takes to make a place for himself in his national tradition. An Argentine condition of writer, that is, universal, whose formal translation, such is our hypothesis, is the composition of an "aphantasmed" language: a language carved from within by other languages, capable of exiling the writer from his own time in order to invent his own contemporaneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the Argentinian reception of the work of writer and naturalist William Henry Hudson, read from aesthetically and ideologically divergent sectors, this paper investigates the early recovery of his figure in the ornithological journal El hornero. As it will be seen, one of the ways of reinserting him as a "national" naturalist and universal writer is produced from the patrimonial discovery and restoration of his affective topography, particularly his mythical birthplace in Los veinticinco ombúes ranch. The management and visibility operations carried out by El hornero do not take place on the native space as a crystallized territory, but rather on the temporary transformations that it experiences: the house where he was born is, first of all, a ruin that could be identified thanks to Hudson's formidable "topographical memory" and the efforts of his main promoter, Fernando Pozzo; then, the house becomes a destination for scientific excursions and, finally, a house-museum project. Each of these forms by which Hudson's home and biography are declined at the same time condenses the journal's scientific, literary and patrimonial interests, and offers different forms of collaboration and dispute between national and foreign political and scientific figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few language researchers reveal the visions and conceptualizations that Bolívar had about America and Peru through his words in his manuscripts. The objective of this linguistic study is to analyze the stereotyped and racialized voices in Bolívar's letters towards his arrival in Peru. Methodologically, a corpus of the epistolary correspondences from 1814 to 1825 was selected considering the containment of words such as "citizen", "slave", "Indian", "white", since their use shows meanings and ideologies of his own and of the period. In the analysis, the evolution of the concepts is observed, as well as the social representations embodied in the discourse. The paper concludes that through the semantic examination of the vocabulary it is seen that Bolivar tried to describe realities that were changing according to his own experience, travels and processes of independence, especially towards Peru, which responded to ways of believing or conceiving the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an ideal-typical distinction between conservatism and fundamentalism based on three criteria: 1) How do they relate to those who do not conform to their way of thinking; 2) How they relate to the public space, and 3) The type of political strategies they use. Based on this distinction, we analyze the possible relationship between new political and religious leaderships with populist discourses and the emergence of conservative groups in Latin America, in general, and in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centered in ecosocialist and ecofeminist perspectives, this paper examines the negative impact of extractivism as an economic activity that removes a huge number of natural resources and evaluates how global capital's ecological management, which I call "greening," has developed in Central and South America. Three questions are addressed: how the regional and local network on the governance of nature in Latin America has been organized; why extractivism strikes women hardest; and to what extent and how movements against extractivism have become involved in contesting global trends as well as national and local policies supporting them. The paper exposes the United Nations as a key force in the permanent model of colonialism, economic dependence, patriarchy, and geopolitical power characterizing extractivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the book Tras los rastros de un corpus seropositivo: VIH y sida en la poesída costarricense (1983-2017), by Ronald Campos López (2022). First, its importance for the studies on Costa Rican HIV-positive literature is exposed; in addition, the relevance of its theme -- "forgotten" in the literary academic field-- and of the theoretical contributions that support the analysis of Campos López are pointed out. Then, a synthesis of some chapters of the book is offered, where the approaches to the different poems selected by the author are commented. Finally, it is concluded that the book offers a lot of material for an academic, but also for a political reflection, since the study of HIV-positive literature also implies the analysis of the different kinds of knowledge that has built the "disease". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her book Casas del Vedado (1983), Cuban author María Elena Llana explores themes and compositional strategies of non-realistic literary traditions that have remained in force in Latin America to date. In this paper I analyze one of her stories, "Claudina", with the aim of obtaining an understanding of her specific poetics in the general framework of supernatural fiction in our continent, as well as the symbolic meaning of the supernatural used by the author in this short story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Argentine dramaturgy has obtained in recent decades a profuse theoretical-methodological development. However, this discipline retains a challenge: to question the essentialist and binary cartographies that found certain centers and peripheries. Therefore, this paper adheres to poetic studies with a regional perspective, which refute artistic and territorial homogenizations and show silenced profiles of otherness. To achieve this goal, we address a geocritical analysis of the figuration of social deserts in the Argentine Northwest and its correlatives "orilleros", taking as a case study the play Chingoil cómpani by Jorge Accame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to some key concepts in Peter Handke's literary production. Throughout his work, Handke refers to and is supported by pictorial images and painting procedures in order to achieve a literary gaze. This article about the writer and his relation to plastic arts revolves around motifs such as landscape, time, transformation, things, the gaze and knowledge as well as some other concepts that provide information about his idea of art, namely topographic relations, absence, "dis-empowerment", the creator's ethical stance and others. Also, all of these topics are studied as a model to understand the development of plastic arts. As a methodology, this article is based on the readings of several of Handke's texts in parallel to the creation of some of our own plastic artwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the transformations that took place in Villa Barranca Yaco (Córdoba, Argentina) in the 1970s: subjectivation practices that existed before the coup, mutations it generated and the strategic sense these transformations had for the subsequent development of neoliberalism. Genealogy, as methodological theoretical framework, allows the construction of intelligibility over the conditions of possibility of the present, making the struggles that support it visible. Interviews with people linked to the neighborhood and analysis of secondary sources were conducted. The paper gives an account of a time prior to neoliberalism with characteristics opposed to the social fragmentation of the present, a time of active community. Then, the reorganizing genocide generated a destitution of collectivizing subjectivation practices. Destitution that is configured as a condition of possibility of a neoliberal society organized around individualism and competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the semantics and the syntax of articles and demonstratives are described and the correlations of the articles and demonstratives in Mazahua of San Pedro Potla. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that little or almost nothing is known about the correlation of articles and demonstrations in the Oto-Pamean subgroup. This hypothesis is based on the idea that ancient Mazahua did not have articles. Currently, this language has two sets of articles: definite articles and recognitional articles. On the other hand, demonstratives are expressed in free and bound morphemes which correspond to two degrees of proximity. Typologically, the idea that articles originate from demonstrations is supported. In regards of the concurrences of the demonstrative-article and demonstrative-demonstrative, it is established that articles and one of the demonstratives encode a particular sense: definite recognitional articles encode identified referents, while demonstratives exhibit anaphoric references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a critical biography revealing certain historical intersections and divisions between Western art and science and points to specific moments where they have worked together through an exclusionary version of liberal humanism. This version of liberal humanism was often constructed through the dehumanization of women, people of color, people with disabilities and sexual minorities who were relegated to the non-human, the almost human, the animal or the monstrous. As part of the methods, it offers a critical genealogy, sifting through the cultural vestiges of art, science, philosophy, medicine, atlases, illustrations, colonial and eugenic discourses, feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories, and visual culture in order to recover and reconstruct specific connections between art and science in different historical periods (from the late 1400so the present). By drawing attention to the fact that "the human" has been a shifting and unstable signifier, this paper concludes that both Western art and science have the ability to help co-construct humanity by formulating new more equitable assemblages or the power to magnify already existing power disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about transference of cultural forms and contents in the novel La isla de los hombres solos (1963) by José León Sánchez and the namesake movie directed by René Cardona (1974). Precisely, it is about the filmic adaptation, transposition or transécriture: in other words, pouring narrative contents (a fabula) from words to audiovisual media. This reflection avoids the idea that a literary text is, by definition, superior to a movie. In contrast, it takes not only the novel as a starting point, but also it recognizes the "opportunities" (narratives, audiovisuals or in the story line), for a film. In other words, it analyzes possibilities (semantic, syntax, significant, and pragmatics orders); and they are contrasted by the final Cardona or the screenwriters' choices. This paper affirms the creative and procedure features of the transmedia displacement; for example, identifying film elements that go beyond the novel limits and dialogue with other José León Sánchez texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how violence conditions the use of public transportation is the main objective of this paper. Specifically, the paper asks if individuals from diverse social strata differently refrain from using public transportation due to security concerns. The paper is based on an analysis of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security 2018, carried out by the National Bureau of Statistics (inegi). The paper shows that individuals from upper stratum are two times more likely to stop using public transportation due to security concerns compared with individuals from lower stratum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carries out an analysis of the phonological system of the extinct language Mangue, also known as Chorotega, the southernmost member of the Otomanguean family. It is asserted, just like in Quirós (1988, 2002), that the language possessed three vowel phonemes: /i, u, a/. In comparison to the consonantal system presented by Quirós (2002), three prenasalized stops, /mb, nd, ljg/, are added to the phoneme inventory, and it is claimed that the language had only one liquid phoneme, represented as /r/, which gives a total of 12 consonant phonemes. On the other hand, the phonemic status of the glides is uncertain. Next, the study looks into the distinctive features of the consonants. Regarding the phonotactics, some complex syllable onsets and some syllables with coda are identified. Finally, it is stated that Mangue had contrastive tones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a look at the social conflicts that have taken place in Costa Rica during the Covid-19 pandemic (January 2020 and December 2021). This study comes from the registered collective actions and the experiences of the "Community Observatory of Collective Actions." Based on this data, four axes of conflict were identified during this period: a) The demand for rights and defense of indigenous territories, b) Communities in defense of water and the environment, c) Draft laws that threaten common goods, d) Labor conflicts and pollution in the production of monocultives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento que los diarios españoles La Razón, El Mundo, El País y ABC realizan del cannabis durante el año 2019. Mediante una metodología de análisis de contenido se identifican las fuentes utilizadas, la autoría de los textos, las áreas temáticas dominantes y se compara el tratamiento dado por los diarios mencionados. Los resultados muestran un predominio de los géneros informativos con textos firmados por los redactores o colaboradores habituales, quienes utilizan fuentes oficiales obviando el punto de vista de otros ámbitos. Destacan como temas principales los relacionados con acciones tipificadas como delito (detenciones, desmantelamientos, incautaciones y seguridad vial) y se observa la falta de información institucional sobre campañas de prevención de adicciones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the crisis of the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (ccss) according to the health unions. The study has been made considering the pronouncements of the Unión Nacional de Empleados de la Caja y la Seguridad Social (undeca) and the Sindicato de Profesionales de Ciencias Médicas de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social e Instituciones Afines (siprocimeca), in order to identify request and proposals of these union organizations, during the years 2012-2016. In this paper are identified the requests for dialogue to solve the crisis, as well as the specific actions for its attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to propose and validate a model for the representation of lgbti+ characters in audiovisual content, which will serve as a tool for content generators to create characters that are in keeping with the reality of this population group and that are appropriate in their representation. In addition to the model, a validation of the model is sought, considering its implementation in a sample of original content from the Netflix streaming platform. In conclusion, it is identified that despite the increasing presence of lgbti+ characters in the media, the representation continues to be biased and stereotyped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is exploring the discourses on sexuality that, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, are reproduce and circulate on Instagram accounts of six Argentine sexologists who do sex education and publicize their professional work through these social media. From digital ethnographic explorations we analyze how these professionals construct a way of narrating the knowledge of sexology on the internet; deploy pedagogical activities that position them as new references in the field of national sexology and configure a network of "instagramers" dedicated to sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2018 general elections in Costa Rica showed a discursive confrontation that seemed unlikely. During the second round of the elections, where the presidency was disputed, the "Acción Ciudadana" Party (pac) led by Carlos Alvarado and the "Restauración Nacional" (rn) party led by Fabricio Alvarado showed a dialectical discursivity. On the one hand, the social democratic tradition is expected. However, on the other hand, and worryingly, there is a restoration of conservative and religious fundamentalism. From this discursive duality, these messages are comparatively analyzed starting from contrasting assumed and assigned symbols from the discursive strategies of the two political parties in electoral conflict. The central interest of this paper is to show the thrust of the religious allegorical discourse that permeated the presidential campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper puts in relation Gordon Matta-Clark's work with the concept of différance proposed by Jacques Derrida, identifying the Matta-Clarks "cuts" as differential marks that, in an exemplary way, allow to problematize the relationship between art and politics in the contemporary framework. In line with the proposed objects, the method of analysis consists of a critical writing that hybridizes poststructural tendencies with contemporary art theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sets out to explore the relation between Charles Perrault's and the Grimm brothers' Cinderella and the operas' La Cenerentola (1817), by Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868), and Cendrillon (1894/5), by Jules Massenet. Given the temporal and geographic distance between the texts and their difference in terms of genre -fairytale and opera, this paper adopts a comparative methodology of the study. This methodological approach allows to analyze the literary meanings constructed by each piece and the bonds between them, without ignoring contextual and stylistic aspects. Studying these relations makes it possible to pose the following hypothesis: whereas Cendrillon emerges as a musical expression of the conservative bourgeoisie, La Cenerentola reveals its enlightened dimension through artistic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and analyzes socio-communitarian rural processes in the Provinces of Buenos Aires and Chaco, Argentina, documented from 1991 and 2015 -respectively-through a collaborative ethnographys approach and using sociolinguistic methodologies. In order to build a theoretical framework, these disciplines are put in relationship to other areas of knowledge i.e., philosophy, social psychology and sociology. In doing so, it is possible to uncover and interpret actions that otherwise remain invisible, such as singular processes of subjectivation, the creation of coalitions and the struggle against the obliteration of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug use, abuse and addiction focused from the protagonist' voices is the topic of the ethnographic research project whose partial results are shown in this paper. Based on ethnographic material, especially derived from in-depth interviews, we analyze through an assembly of stories how heroin addicts in Ciudad Juárez build an alternative subjectivity to biomedical and legal discourses. In sum, this subjectivity is building by their appropriation of the healthcare's speech which is embedded in their folk culture, thus generating their own discourse and subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The San Lucas prison, located on the island of the same name, was founded in 1873. Since then, it has been the subject of interest by various Costa Rican and even foreign writers. The first story that alludes to the island is entitled Un drama en el presidio de San Lucas, published by Manuel Argüello Mora in 1900. However, the greatest literary referent corresponds to the novel La isla de los hombres solos (1963) by José León Sánchez. It also appears in other stories by this author and in narrative texts by national writers such as Carlos Salazar and Adolfo Herrera. Thanks to the novel by León Sánchez, this locus horridus has been taken to the cinema and the theater, and has motivated literary productions outside of Costa Rica. In this paper we propose a revision of these references and an analysis of discursive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to examine the novel Al florecer las rosas madrugaron, by José León Sánchez. It focuses its attention on two aspects: the functioning of some paratextual elements and the reworking of the relationship between truth and lies. It concludes that poetry is posed here as an experience that puts in crisis the rigidity of a clear separation of truth and lies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper seeks to argue that the Popular Unity represents an important progress regarding the Mapuche people, by incorporating it into its political program; by furthering the Agrarian Reform which increased the amount of land given to the Mapuche; and by promoting the participation of the Mapuche in the elaboration of Indigenous policies. However, it did have a peasant class bias and also an assimilation component, its extreme institutionalism, perhaps unintentionally, attempted against mapuche's interests. At the end, it could not transform the structural relationship of domination of the Mapuche by the Chilean State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the news produced by two online media organizations, Nacion.com and CRHoy.com, during May of 2017. Through a content analysis of the news offered and of the most read daily news on these websites, this paper highlights the media agenda and its level of correspondence with consumers/citizens' interests. Results show a relative similarity between the supply and demand of news regarding non-public matters, in both media. Based upon these findings, this paper challenges the notion of "news gap" and suggests that the lack of interest in public affairs in Costa Rica is more structural than episodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a chronology of the relationship between Tirso de Molina and Lope de Vega. The reasons and factors under which this relationship is still an interpretation based on circumstances is through the chronology of their works and the critical analysis of leading tirsistas. This paper is a review of that relationship through the works, dedications, laudatory of writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1947, while commemorating Miguel de Cervantes' birth, the Costa-Rican Academy of Language, the Costa-Rican Academy of Geography and History, and the University of Costa Rica invited to pay homage to Miguel de Cervantes, and published, in 1948, the proceedings and transactions of the aforementioned commemoration. In this way, they participated in the Hispanic world celebration of Miguel de Cervantes' anniversary. According to my inquiry, previously there were not, in the Costa-Rican academic medium, learned publications concerning Miguel de Cervantes. This paper will analyze the philosophical features evinced by the 1948 transactions, and the critical variables to ponder under the influence of the Generation of 1898 interpretation of Don Quixote. This paper emphasizes the importance of inserting Don Quixote in the positivistic dynamic of "life and work". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an analytic-realistic scrutiny about the well known debate PetersonŽižek, "Hapiness: Capitalism vs. Marxism". Such examination makes it evident that Žižek's ways to approach (essentialism, intellectualist fallacy, etc.) suffer from oversimplification, great indeterminacy (empty formulae) and, in general, theoretical escapism. Anyhow, this was a pseudo-'debate': there were no fundamental contradictions, strictly speaking, between what was alleged by those two speakers in their initial expositions ("vorbeireden"); and both agreed even about the paratheological foundations towards which they directed their main attention on the second part of that event. Finally, some observations are added regarding certain further considerations by Žižek: his harangues about hopeful futurology (and as usual in the mood wordmusic), now based on the current work of covid-19--very welcome for it should bring the salvific definitive globalist social engineering, managed through the sovereign imperium of UN officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to address the context and application of the Economic Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Plans (saps) implemented in the African continent during the 1980s. The aim of this work is to dialogue with three facets of analysis, based on the literature and the reports on the subject: globalization, indebtedness, and implementation of economic stabilization plans. To do this, different works on the subject are analyzed and contrasted according to the structure of the proposal. It has been found that the saps constitute a first order element to explain part of the economic future in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence of smes in Costa Rica from an economic-historical perspective, during the years of 1950-2018. This periodization corresponds to the political structure of each period, according to the business development and the context to be studied during the import substitution development models (1948-1979) and the economic liberation (1982-2018). From the study, it is highlighted that, although at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century the number of smes increases, they face greater business challenges, because the State's economic policy is more inclined to globalized markets, aspects in which the previous enterprises do not have competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine, from the concept of social representations, the strategies of the municipal government of Culiacán in Mexico, in order to analyze the high index of insecurity at the beginning of 1994, where the authorities sought to diminish the freedoms of young people by trying to restrict their schedules on public roads, prohibit the use of miniskirts and necklines in girls and long hair in men. For the methodology, literature for the conceptual framework and for the background information was consulted, as well as newspapers that, at the time, provided testimonies of the problematic in the public sphere. The actions of young people forced the authorities to reverse the tactics implemented to overcome insecurity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of income inequality on economic growth by state in Mexico. For this, a brief literature review is made, a descriptive analysis of the variables used is performed and an econometric model of panel data is applied. Variables such as the Gross Domestic Product per capita, school enrollment, gross fixed capital formation and the Gini coefficient by federal entity are used. The results of the model indicate that the increase in inequality generates a negative impact on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review the construction and representation of modernity in Papel Periodico Ilustrado, in its social environment and inside the National Museum of Colombia. Representations about this late 19th century publication and its link in the museum with curatorial script in the last decade of the 20th century are introduced. The documentary review demonstrates meanings about the nineteenth century nation and the construction of a historical narrative from the written and visual plane in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sustains that between 1990 and 2016, development of tourisim in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, has not improved the living standards of the local population. Thus, through the analisis of statistical official data and theoretical documents, it can be demonstrated that the development of tourisim has not solved the high levels of poverty, unemployment and inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a systematic work of monitoring social protest in Costa Rica during the four-year term of the government of Luis Guillermo Solís (May 2014-May 2018), using the Protest Event Analysis (aep) methodology. The document is structured in two parts. The first focuses on describing and characterizing the general tendencies of the protest during the study period, it looks at the protest repertoires, the demanding actors, the demands and the demanded actors. From this part, it is concluded that the protest actions decreased year after year and that the strategies and action routines were differentiated according to the demands. The second part proposes exploring the relationship between the reduction of protest actions and the political opportunities opened by the Solis government as a working hypothesis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina from 2003 to 2015 the social policies promoted by the Ministry of Social Development of the Nation during the progressive governments of the Front for Victory have promoted principles of the social and solidarity economy. For this, they used the cooperative of work with territorial anchoring as an instrument of social inclusion. One of the programs that became more relevant was the Argentina Trabaja-Social Income Working Program. The objective of this paper is to investigate the nature and particularities that work cooperatives acquire under its orbit. We have identified the ways in which it is disputed at the territorial level where the municipality is responsible for shaping them and assigning tasks to them. In this sense, we are in the presence of regulated cooperatives that contribute to the heterogeneous universe of cooperativism by being constituted through public policies that foster cooperativism and self-managed experiences. The methodology we use is qualitative based on empirical research developed in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina, from 2013 to 2018. It was an investigation in which the analysis corpus was made up of Resolution 3182/09 that gave rise to it, as well as academic articles as preliminary inquiries, participant observations, transcriptions of field notes and semi-structured interviews with cooperative members and municipal officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the relations between the business elite grouped in the main Costa Rican business association and the state elite during the cafta political juncture, 2002-2007. It employs the conjuncture analysis supported on documentary resources and testimonies of key witnesses. This was a social process that articulated significant sociopolitical tensions linked to the neoliberal accumulation strategy and the correlation between the interest of the business and the political elites, as well as their differences regarding the control of the social conflict in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]