425 results
Search Results
2. Policy and Theoretical Implications of the Zero-subsidy Bids in the German Offshore Wind Tenders.
- Author
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Greve, Thomas and Rocha, Marta
- Subjects
BIDDING strategies ,WHOLESALE prices ,BIDS ,AUCTIONS - Abstract
The German offshore wind tender, launched in April 2017, resulted in three out of the four winning projects being delivered with zero subsidies, relying only on the wholesale price. This result has been regarded as a turning point for the industry. This paper analyses the 2017/18 German offshore wind tenders and the bidding strategies of the winning developers. We then propose a re-design of the tenders with the aim of achieving optimality/zero-subsidies and efficiency - two key properties in mechanism design. The paper contributes to the discussion on how to design offshore wind tenders with both a policy and theoretical perspective. This is of particular relevance given the rapid expansion of this type of investment in Europe and the use of auctions to select developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Seasonal Flexibility in the European Natural Gas Market.
- Author
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Riepin, Iegor and Müsgens, Felix
- Subjects
NATURAL gas ,SEASONS ,GAS storage ,MARKETING models ,SOURCE code - Abstract
This paper focuses on seasonal demand swings in the European natural gas market. We quantify and compare the role of different flexibility options (domestic production, gas storage, and pipeline and LNG imports) to assess European demand fluctuations in monthly resolution. We contribute to the existing literature on seasonal flexibility by addressing the problem with a mathematical gas market optimization model. Our paper provides valuable empirical insights into the decline of gas production in northwestern Europe. Furthermore, we focus on how specific flexibility features differ between pipeline supplies and LNG supplies and between gas imports and storage dispatch. In terms of methodology, we construct a bottom-up market optimization model and publish the complete source code (which is uncommon for gas market models). Furthermore, we propose a new metric--the scaled coefficient of variation--to quantify the importance of supply sources for seasonal flexibility provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. SYMPOSIUM ON ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS.
- Author
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Gouveia, Miguel
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,POVERTY ,SOCIAL policy - Abstract
Developed countries in general and European countries in particular devote a substantial share of national resources to income redistribution programs that seek to alleviate and reduce poverty. This Symposium contributes to the analysis of such pro grams. It presents three papers written in a perspective that reflects European concerns with both social policies and analytical rigor. In particular the papers deal with the costs and consequences of anti-poverty programs no only in terms of the effect iveness in achieving poverty reduction but also looking at other impacts on welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Interrogating "the nation" in European online education: Topological forms and movements.
- Author
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van de Oudeweetering, Karmijn and Decuypere, Mathias
- Subjects
ONLINE education ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
This paper was inspired by empirical encounters with students and teacher-administrators who engaged with an online European education initiative, which raised questions about whether and how their practices were situated as local, transnational, or national(ist) endeavors. The conceptual, theoretical, and methodological resources of social topology and critical border studies guided our inquiry by a focus on bordering practices and how these generate spatiotemporal forms and movements, and evoked a typical national form which is characterized as a singular, stable, linear, and flat "topography." An innovative methodology is deployed to scrutinize how practices with this online, European initiative continue, challenge or complement that typical national form. The findings demonstrate how the use of topographical indexes and tropes (re-)materialized characteristics of these typical national forms, while the combination with topological relations introduced multiplicities and "levels" in these forms. Moreover, spherical forms, bouncing movements, and tunneling movements challenged the singularity, stability, linearity, and flatness of the typical national form. Building on these findings, the paper sets forth the argument that this online European education initiative mainly challenges the enactment of nationalism in classrooms by encouraging learning and thinking through translocalities, which accentuates distances and differences that are being crossed without appealing to the typical imaginary of the "nation" with linear, stable, flat borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Willingness of adults in Europe to pay for a new vaccine: the application of discrete choice-based conjoint analysis.
- Author
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Sapède, Claudine and Girod, Isabelle
- Subjects
VACCINES ,DRUG marketing ,WILLINGNESS to pay ,CONSUMER behavior ,IMMUNIZATION ,PARENTS - Abstract
This paper summarises the results of an investigation of willingness to pay (WTP) for new vaccines. The vaccines considered are for infections with several subtypes. One option is to cover a broad combination of these within one vaccine although this is associated with additional development complexities. The associated durations of effect of such vaccines are not yet known; therefore the impact of variations in this and the subtype coverage, as well as that of opting for a non-reimbursement status, were among the issues that needed to be assessed. One important group for a determination of WTP is parents, in that they could be paying for vaccination of themselves and/or their children. This paper reports the findings of WTP among this group for their children for alternative outcomes in the vaccine product profile. For reasons of confidentiality, results from only this group in the context of paying for their children are reported. The exact wording of the product features tested have also been changed for the same reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. EGOS News and Notes.
- Subjects
COMMUNICATION methodology ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,COMMUNICATIONS research ,SOCIOLOGICAL associations ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,BEHAVIOR ,MANAGEMENT ,LIBRARIES & publishing - Abstract
An informal electronic European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) forum was set-up in September 2000 to bring together Ph.D. students, junior academics and researchers to promote participation and communication among those who are part of the EGOS community. The aim of the EGOS Network is to enable participants - particularly those who are, or feel, new' to EGOS - to become more actively involved in shaping and running events, workshops, discussion groups and similar activities. The question that ran through most of the presentations and returned in the discussion was one of self-reflection. The implication behind the colloquium theme was that organization theorists often discuss people events, and things by focusing on who or what is the case. Organization theorists, even when they take a constructivist or constructionist perspective, usually assume that it is individuals with minds who do the constructing, so constructed products are examined, rather than construction processes. This theme group turned attention to us academics. to our disciplinary communities and to our academic work practices.
- Published
- 2000
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8. Identifying the Core Indicators of Migrant and Refugee Children's Integration Using the Delphi Method: A Multi-Input Strategy for Definition of Consensus.
- Author
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Bajo Marcos, Eva, Ordóñez-Carabaño, Ángela, Rodríguez-Ventosa Herrera, Elena, and Serrano, Inmaculada
- Subjects
REFUGEE children ,CHILDREN of immigrants ,DELPHI method ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,PUBLIC officers - Abstract
This paper presents the Delphi methodology employed to select a final dashboard of 30 indicators on the socio-educative inclusion of refugee and migrant children in Europe. Firstly, a procedure for identifying Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was carried out, including a specialized scientific literature review, the mapping of previous indicators, and qualitative workshops with key stakeholders at micro, meso, and macro levels in six countries. Then, a Delphi design was implemented to assess, rate, and provide meaningful qualitative improvements to a pool of pre-selected indicators. The Delphi methodology involved a group of international experts on the matters of inclusive education or migration, researchers, NGOs, and public officers. As an alternative to traditional "benchmark-based" consensus, we introduced the use of a) the CARA model and b) an alternative multi-input and mixed-method consensus-building procedure. The results provided a significant contribution to qualitative methods on the one hand and to migration and integration literature on the other. The methodological innovations, the diversity of experts' perspectives involved in the process, and the structured nature of the method constituted significant advantages to improve the robustness of the Delphi methodology for selecting and validating indicators. Future research involving a Delphi methodology can benefit from applying the present procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The impact of wooden studs on the moisture risk of timber frame constructions.
- Author
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Roels, Staf and Tijskens, Astrid
- Subjects
WOODEN building ,VAPOR barriers ,WALL design & construction ,CONDENSATION ,MARKET share - Abstract
Since timber frame constructions can help to reduce CO
2 -emissions and lower the embodied energy of buildings, the market share of timber-based buildings is growing across Europe. Unfortunately, timber frame constructions are found to be susceptible to moisture damage, such as interstitial condensation, mould growth and wood rot. To avoid moisture damage, a correct design of the wall composition is crucial, with special emphasis on the ratio between vapour resistance of wind and vapour barrier. Given that experimental investigations are time-consuming and expensive, numerical tools are common to assess the hygrothermal behaviour of building components. And although timber frame constructions are inherently two- or even three-dimensional due to the embedded wooden elements, most often, 1D-simulations focussing on the basic configuration with insulation between wind and vapour barrier are conducted. This paper investigates to what extent neglecting the embedded wooden elements influences the risk assessment of the wall. Three different wall configurations have been considered and their hygrothermal response, as predicted by 1D- and 2D-numerical simulations, are compared. Variability of the exterior climate is included by using four distinct different climate regions. Contrary to common assumptions, buffering of moisture in wooden elements does not always lower the risk on moisture damage, but might even increase it. While the predicted risk on mould growth was found to be similar between 1D and 2D-simulations, the opposite was found for the risk on interstitial condensation. Mainly for cold climates and wall configurations with hardly any other hygric buffering capacity, levels of interstitial condensation were found to be significantly higher when taking the wooden elements into account in the numerical simulations. Hence, care should be taken when assessing the reliability of timber frame walls based on 1D-simulations only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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10. 101 PROPOSALS TO REFORM THE STABILITY AND GROWTH PACT. WHY SO MANY? A SURVEY.
- Author
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Jonung, Lars, Larch, Martin, and Fischer, Jonas
- Subjects
ECONOMIC stabilization ,ECONOMIC development ,FISCAL policy ,REFORMS ,PUBLIC spending ,ECONOMIC conditions in Europe - Abstract
The failure of key EU Member States to respect the provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) a few years after its inception triggered a heated debate on how to reform the framework of fiscal policy coordination in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). This paper analyzes 101 reform proposals presented by professional academic and non-academic economists prior to March 2005, when the Council of the European Union adopted a revised version of the SGP. Roughly four different schools of thought concerning the reform of the SGP are identified. In line with the main findings of the political economy literature, all four schools of thought share the view that in the absence of specific rules fiscal policy would lead to excessive deficits and hence affect the conduct of the common monetary policy. However, beyond this common denominator, there is no consensus on how best to co-ordinate fiscal policy. We present several explanations for the multitude of proposals, the most important being the present lack of a consensus in the economics profession concerning the role of fiscal policy. Economists hold diverging views on the goals, instruments, efficiency and institutions for fiscal policy-making. This state of affairs is in sharp contrast to the case of monetary policy. Also, the euro area is the first case where monetary policy-making is centralized while fiscal policy-making is decentralized to national governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The D-BEST Based digital innovation hub customer journey analysis method: Configuring DIHs unique value proposition.
- Author
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Sassanelli, Claudio and Terzi, Sergio
- Subjects
CUSTOMER experience ,VALUE proposition ,DIGITAL transformation ,DIGITAL technology ,INDUSTRY 4.0 ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,LINEAR network coding ,MULTICASTING (Computer networks) - Abstract
Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) are ecosystems bolstering European companies to overtake innovation hindrances and drive Europe to become the world leading innovator in the industry digital revolution. Each of such organizations can provide a certain list of services, that can be classified and grouped in five macro-classes according to the Data-driven Business-Ecosystem-Skills-Technology (D-BEST) reference model, able to decode DIHs' service portfolio and to shape collaborative networks in the Industry 4.0 age. However, to support an easier codification of DIH support actions, which also directly entails the engagement of enterprises in the DIH ecosystems, a method able to analyze typical Customer Journeys (CJs) is needed. Therefore, this paper proposes the D-BEST based DIH CJ analysis method, able to configure DIHs' unique value proposition, mapping on the five macro-classes of services of the D-BEST the digital transformation processes of the two main categories of DIH customers (technology end-users and technology providers). The method analyses the service provision process of single DIHs, evidencing their strengths and weaknesses, and is also effective in suggesting possible collaborations and joint service provision in a network of multiple DIHs, being able to unveil the commonalities and complementarities among the different journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Overdiagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review.
- Author
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Puliti, Donella, Duffy, Stephen W., Miccinesi, Guido, De Koning, Harry, Lynge, Elsebeth, Zappa, Marco, and Paci, Eugenio
- Subjects
BREAST tumor diagnosis ,BREAST tumor prevention ,MAMMOGRAMS ,BREAST tumors ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,TIME ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DISEASE incidence ,STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Objectives Overdiagnosis, the detection through screening of a breast cancer that would never have been identified in the lifetime of the woman, is an adverse outcome of screening. We aimed to determine an estimate range for overdiagnosis of breast cancer in European mammographic service screening programmes. Methods We conducted a literature review of observational studies that provided estimates of breast cancer overdiagnosis in European population-based mammographic screening programmes. Studies were classified according to the presence and the type of adjustment for breast cancer risk (data, model and covariates used), and for lead time (statistical adjustment or compensatory drop). We expressed estimates of overdiagnosis from each study as a percentage of the expected incidence in the absence of screening, even if the variability in the age range of the denominator could not be removed. Estimates including carcinoma in situ were considered when available. Results There were 13 primary studies reporting 16 estimates of overdiagnosis in seven European countries (the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, UK and Spain). Unadjusted estimates ranged from 0% to 54%. Reported estimates adjusted for breast cancer risk and lead time were 2.8% in the Netherlands, 4.6% and 1.0% in Italy, 7.0% in Denmark and 10% and 3.3% in England and Wales. Conclusions The most plausible estimates of overdiagnosis range from 1% to 10%. Substantially higher estimates of overdiagnosis reported in the literature are due to the lack of adjustment for breast cancer risk and/or lead time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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13. An Assessment of the Inflationary Impact of Oil Shocks in the Euro Area.
- Author
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Jacquinot, Pascal, Kuismanen, Mika, Mestre, Ricardo, and Spitzer, Martin
- Subjects
PETROLEUM product sales & prices ,PRICE increases ,PRICE inflation ,PETROLEUM industry ,PRICE level changes - Abstract
This paper explores the links between oil prices and inflation in the euro area by means of a DSGE model reflecting the structure of the energy markets in the euro area and calibrated to match the data using reduced-form time series techniques. The analysis focuses on the impact on inflation (through the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and its energy component) in the short and medium run. The main conclusion is that, in the short term, changes in oil prices are of vital importance for the understanding of inflation, but that at longer horizons their impact on inflation is much more complex and depends on the initial shock. An analysis of the sources of oil price increases remains therefore a pre-requisite for a proper understanding of historical fluctuations of oil prices and the related developments in the euro area, and for drawing policy conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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14. Emission Pathways Towards a Low-Carbon Energy System for Europe: A Model-Based Analysis of Decarbonization Scenarios.
- Author
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Hainsch, Karlo, Burandt, Thorsten, Löffler, Konstantin, Kemfert, Claudia, Pao-Yu Oei, and von Hirschhausen, Christian
- Subjects
GLOBAL modeling systems ,FREIGHT & freightage ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,CARBON dioxide ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to showcase different decarbonization pathways for Europe with varying Carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) constraints until 2050. The Global Energy System Model (GENeSYS-MOD) framework, a linear mathematical optimization model, is used to compute low-carbon scenarios for 17 European countries or regions. The sectors power, lowand high-temperature heating, and passenger and freight transportation are included, with the model endogenously constructing capacities in each period. Emission constraints differ between different scenarios and are either optimized endogenously by the model, or distributed on a per-capita basis, GDP-dependent, or based on current emissions. The results show a rapid phase-in of renewable energies, if a carbon budget in line with established international climate targets is chosen. It can be shown that the achievement of the 2° target can be met with low additional costs compared to the business as usual case, while reducing total emissions by more than 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Conventional Power Plants in Liberalized Electricity Markets with Renewable Entry.
- Author
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Llobet, Gerard and Padilla, Jorge
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power plants ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,PLANT capacity ,ENERGY policy ,ENVIRONMENTAL security - Abstract
This paper examines the optimal capacity choices of conventional power generators after the introduction of renewable production. We start with a basic and generally accepted model of the liberalized wholesale electricity market in which firms have insufficient incentives to invest and we illustrate how the entry of renewable generation tends to aggravate that problem. We show that the incentives to invest in firm capacity (e.g. conventional thermal plants) may be restored by means of a capacity auction mechanism. That mechanism is vulnerable and, hence, may prove ineffective unless governments can credibly commit not to sponsor the entry of new capacity outside the auction mechanism. We explain that such commitment may be particularly difficult in the current political context where energy policy is conditioned by environmental and industrial-policy goals. We finally propose a way to enhance the credibility of capacity auctions by committing to optimally retire idle (conventional) power plants in response to entry outside the auction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Are Carbon Prices Redundant in the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Policy Package?
- Author
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Aune, Finn Roar and Golombek, Rolf
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,ENERGY consumption ,CARBON pricing ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
In 2018, an agreement between the key EU institutions--the Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Council--was reached after a long-lasting discourse over the 2030 EU climate and energy policy package. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the EU package, with its three main targets: lower greenhouse gas emissions, higher renewable share in final energy consumption, and improved energy efficiency. We find that the renewable and energy efficiency targets have been set so high that the derived emissions reduction (50 percent) exceeds the EU climate target (40 percent). Hence, there is no need for an EU climate policy, for example, to use carbon prices to reach the EU climate goals. It is, however, not cost-efficient to achieve the climate target by imposing the three EU targets. We demonstrate that a cost-efficient policy that obtains a 50 percent GHG emissions reduction would increase annual welfare (relative to the Reference scenario) by an amount corresponding to 0.6 percent of GDP in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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17. News and Notes.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL research ,PERSONNEL management ,MANAGEMENT science ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,HIGHER education ,SOCIAL policy ,INFORMATION resources management - Abstract
This article focuses on developments related to organizational research. The programme TEMPUS, proposed by the Commission of the European Community and adopted by the Council on May 7th 1990 will provide in the framework of the overall PHARE budget for assistance to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, financial support to promote the quality and support the development of the higher education systems of Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. The increasing pace of global change is already providing a powerful challenge for change agents operating as consultants independently or internally to corporations or public utilities. In Europe, however, the challenge is even greater, as the struggle to establish economic and political unity attempts to accommodate the collapse of iron-curtain communism. The 1992 conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research seeks research on the management of information systems developers and users.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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18. The Variation in Capacity Remunerations Requirements in European Electricity Markets.
- Author
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Hickey, Conor, Bunn, Derek, Deane, Paul, McInerney, Celine, and Gallachóir, Brian Ó.
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY markets ,WAGES ,SOVEREIGN risk ,CORPORATE taxes ,GASOLINE taxes ,ELECTRICITY - Abstract
This paper provides the first EU wide analysis of the variation in Capacity Remuneration Requirements throughout Europe which aim to resolve the "missing money" problems in various member states. The findings of this analysis point to an asymmetric investment case for gas-fired peaking power plants throughout the EU. Under the assumptions of the European Commission Reference Scenario, pan-European power optimisation and investment models are specified for 2030. The results show that future investment in gas generators will depend on the availability of capacity payments. Capacity remuneration mechanisms can provide this "missing money," but we show that capacity remuneration requirements vary considerably across countries. We consider and model the impacts of country specific climate policy targets, sovereign risk, capital allowances, corporate taxes and future gas network tariffs on investor returns and therefore remuneration requirements. In the context of harmonised energy trading, this raises questions of how generation adequacy should be achieved, particularly in the context of higher penetrations of renewables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Optimal Allocation of Variable Renewable Energy Considering Contributions to Security of Supply.
- Author
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Peter, Jakob and Wagner, Johannes
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY markets ,SOLAR energy ,POWER resources ,WIND power ,ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Electricity markets are increasingly influenced by variable renewable energy such as wind and solar power, characterized by a pronounced weather-induced variability and imperfect predictability. As a result, the evaluation of the capacity value of variable renewable energy, i.e., its contribution to security of supply, gains importance. This paper develops a new methodology to endogenously determine the capacity value in large-scale investment and dispatch models for electricity markets. The framework allows balancing effects to be accounted for that arise due to the spatial distribution of generation capacities and interconnectors. The practical applicability of the methodology is shown with an application for wind power in Europe. We find that wind power can substantially contribute to security of supply in a decarbonized European electricity system in 2050, with regional capacity values ranging from 1-40%. Analyses that do not account for the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the contribution of wind power to security of supply therefore lead to inefficient levels of dispatchable back-up capacity. Applying a wind power capacity value of 5% results in an overestimation of firm capacity requirements in Europe by 66 GW in 2050. This translates to additional firm capacity provision costs of 3.8 bn EUR per year in 2050, which represents an increase of 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Locational Investment Signals: How to Steer the Siting of New Generation Capacity in Power Systems?
- Author
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Eicke, Anselm, Khanna, Tarun, and Hirth, Lion
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY markets ,GENERATIONS ,INVESTMENTS - Abstract
New generators located far from consumption centers require transmission infrastructure and increase network losses. The primary objective of this paper is to study signals that affect the location of generation investment. Such signals result from the electricity market itself and from additional regulatory instruments. We cluster them into five groups: locational electricity markets, deep grid connection charges, grid usage charges, capacity mechanisms, and renewable energy support schemes. We review the use of instruments in twelve major power systems and discuss relevant properties, including a quantitative estimate of their strength. We find that most systems use multiple instruments in parallel, and none of the identified instruments prevails. The signals vary between locations by up to 20 EUR per MWh. Such a difference is significant when compared to the levelized costs of combined cycle plants of 64-72 EUR per MWh in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Identification of Households Prone to Income Underreporting.
- Author
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Kukk, Merike and Staehr, Karsten
- Subjects
FOOD consumption ,INCOME ,EMPLOYMENT ,SELF-employment ,ECONOMIC opportunities - Abstract
Pissarides and Weber propose using data on income and food consumption for estimating the extent of income underreporting by the self-employed, a group seen to be prone to income underreporting. This paper is the first to investigate the importance of the way in which these households are identified in such analyses. Using household budget data from Estonia, different ways are used to identify households prone to income underreporting and to estimate the extent of the underreporting. The share of unreported income is estimated to be substantially larger when underreporting households are identified using their share of reported business income than when they are identified using their employment status. Further analysis combines the different identification methods and reveals that the employment status provides no information on underreporting when the share of business income is taken into account. The share of reported business income is the most informative indicator of underreporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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22. China-Europe Relations in the Mitigation of Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework.
- Author
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BERGER, Axel, FISCHER, Doris, LEMA, Rasmus, SCHMITZ, Hubert, and URBAN, Frauke
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,RENEWABLE energy industry ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,EMPIRICAL research ,FINANCE - Abstract
Despite the large-scale investments of both China and the EU in climate-change mitigation and renewable-energy promotion, the prevailing view on China-EU relations is one of conflict rather than cooperation. In order to evaluate the prospects of cooperation between China and the EU in these policy fields, empirical research has to go beyond simplistic narratives. This paper suggests a conceptual apparatus that will help researchers better understand the complexities of the real world. The relevant actors operate at different levels and in the public and private sectors. The main message of the paper is that combining the multilevel governance and value-chain approaches helps clarify the multiple relationships between these actors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in Europe: a review of trend studies.
- Author
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Moss, S. M., Nyström, L., Jonsson, H., Paci, E., Lynge, E., Njor, S., and Broeders, M.
- Subjects
BREAST tumor prevention ,MAMMOGRAMS ,BREAST tumors ,RESEARCH methodology ,POPULATION ,EARLY detection of cancer - Abstract
Objective Analysing trends in population breast cancer mortality statistics appears a simple method of estimating the effectiveness of mammographic screening programmes. We reviewed such studies of population-based screening in Europe to assess their value. Methods A literature review identified 17 papers, of which 12 provided quantitative estimates of the impact of screening. Due to differences in comparisons and outcome measures, no pooled estimate of effectiveness was calculated. Results Comparisons included breast cancer mortality before and after the introduction of screening, trends in early and late starting areas and trends in age groups affected and unaffected by screening. Studies that calculated the percentage annual change after the start of screening found reductions of 1-9% per year (1%, 2.3-2.8% and 9% for those with adequate follow-up). Of studies that compared mortality in time periods before and after introduction of screening, three single country studies all had adequate follow-up and estimated mortality reductions ranging from 28% to 36%. Limitations of studies of population mortality rates include the inability to exclude deaths in women with breast cancer diagnosed before invitation to screening, diluting any observable impact of screening, and the gradual implementation of screening in a country or region. Conclusions Although analysing population breast cancer mortality rates over time can be a first step in examining changes following the introduction of screening, this method is of limited value for assessment of screening impact. Other methods and individual data are necessary to properly quantify the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Degrees of Coordination in Market Coupling and Counter-Trading.
- Author
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Oggioni, Giorgia and Smeers, Yves
- Subjects
ELECTRICITY ,COUNTERTRADE ,ELECTRIC utilities ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
Cross-border trade remains a contentious issue in the restructuring of the European electricity market. This paper analyzes the cross-border trade problem through a set of models that represent different degrees of coordination both between the energy and the transmission markets and among national Transmission System Operators (TSOs). We first present a nodal price-like organization of the system, where Power Exchanges (PXs) and Transmission System Operators are integrated to operate the energy and transmission markets. This system is not implemented in Europe but its success elsewhere makes it the natural reference for the study. We then move to a more realistic representation of the European electricity market based on the so-called market coupling design where energy and transmission are operated separately by PXs and TSOs. We consider different degrees of coordination of the national TSOs' activities to assess the range of inefficiencies that the lack of integration can lead to. The paper supposes price taking agents and hence leaves aside the incentive to game the system induced by zonal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Job Polarization in Europe? Changes in the Employment Structure and Job Quality, 1995-2007.
- Author
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Fernández-Macías, Enrique
- Subjects
POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,EMPLOYMENT ,QUALITY of work life ,DIVISION of labor ,LABOR market ,INVESTORS - Abstract
In recent years, a number of academic papers have argued that over the last couple of decades, technical change has had a polarizing impact on the employment structure of advanced capitalist economies with a relative expansion of jobs occupying the top and bottom of the wage/skills hierarchy and the middle shrinking. In this article, we present alternative evidence on the nature of change in European employment structures between 1995 and 2007, arguing that rather than a pervasive process of polarization there was a plurality of patterns of structural employment change across Europe. The broader theoretical implications of such findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Arbitrage in Energy Markets: Price Discrimination under Congestion.
- Author
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Willems, Bert and Küpper, Gerd
- Subjects
ARBITRAGE ,ELECTRIC utilities ,PRICE discrimination ,ELECTRIC lines ,MARKET power - Abstract
During the last decades the production of electrical energy has been liberalized. This paper studies the effect of using a market mechanism to allocate scarce transmission capacity when the incumbent producers remain dominant. We show that granting exclusive use to an incumbent producer is preferred to trading access to this essential facility if interregional production-cost differences are significant and transmission capacity is scarce. This result counters the intuition on third degree price-discrimination, that arbitrage will improve the social surplus when there is no output contraction. The reason is that with arbitrage the incumbent can still charge different regional prices as long as it creates congestion on the transmission lines. As a consequence, welfare will be lower, since the incumbent distorts production decisions to congest the lines. We recommend that a market-oriented access to scarce transmission capacity should be accompanied by additional regulatory or structural measures to address market power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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27. DO BENEVOLENT ASPECTS HAVE ROOM IN EXPLAINING EU BUDGET RECEIPTS?
- Author
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Kauppi, Heikki and Widgrén, Mika
- Subjects
PUBLIC welfare ,BUDGET ,PUBLIC finance ,PUBLIC spending ,AGRICULTURE finance ,INCOME inequality ,FINANCE - Abstract
This paper evaluates the determination of receipts from the EU budget by considering a richer institutional structure than in earlier studies. The member states have self-interested objectives in CM trying to minimize their contributions within the given framework of the EU budget, whereas EP supports benevolent objectives using its competence to decide on non-compulsory expenditure covering structural spending. CM exerts power in the allocation of both compulsory expenditure, mainly consisting of agricultural spending, and in non-compulsory expenditure. The purpose of this paper is not, however, to evaluate EP's direct influence but rather how the assumed benevolent objectives of EP and income differences turn into member states' budget receipts in a power politics based model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. FUNDING THE EU BUDGET: A CASE FOR INACTION?
- Author
-
Begg, Iain
- Subjects
BUDGET ,TAXATION ,REVENUE ,FINANCE - Abstract
The way the EU budget is funded is often criticized, especially in the light of the increasingly complex devices used to limit net contributions. In addition to the formal UK rebate, there are reduced rates of take-up of different funding streams for certain other countries, all of which makes the funding side of the EU messy. Calls for the budget to be funded by a tax (or taxes) assigned to the EU level have repeatedly been articulated. However, the system has one over-arching attraction which is that it assures the EU of sufficient revenue to fulfill its spending commitments. This paper offers a critique and assessment of the current system for raising the revenue for the EU budget and considers the conceptual case for a move to a tax of Europe. It appraises the case for abandoning the current system in favor of a tax-funded one and concludes that although the case may be conceptually robust, political economy considerations suggest that change is unlikely for the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Representing GASPEC with the World Gas Model.
- Author
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Egging, Ruud, Holz, Franziska, Von Hirschhausen, Christian, and Gabriel, Steven A.
- Subjects
NATURAL gas ,PETROLEUM industry ,PETROLEUM export & import trade ,LIQUEFIED natural gas ,PRICE increases ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This paper presents results of simulating a more collusive behavior of a group of natural gas producing and exporting countries, sometimes called GASPEC. We use the World Gas Model, a dynamic, strategic representation of world gas production, trade, and consumption between 2005 and 2030. In particular, we simulate a closer cooperation of the GASPEC countries when exporting pipeline gas and liquefied natural gas; we also run a more drastic scenario where GASPEC countries deliberately hold back production. The results show that compared to our Base Case, a gas cartel would reduce total supplied quantities and induce price increases in gas importing countries up to 22%. There is evidence that the natural gas markets in Europe and North America would be affected more than other parts of the world. Lastly, the vulnerability of gas importers worldwide is further illustrated by the results of a sensitivity case in which price levels are up to 87% higher in Europe and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Linking Natural Gas Markets -- Is LNG Doing its Job?
- Author
-
Neumann, Anne
- Subjects
GAS industry ,LIQUEFIED natural gas ,PETROLEUM industry ,PETROLEUM product sales & prices ,PRICES - Abstract
The increase in liquefied natural gas trade has accelerated the integration of previously segmented markets in North America, Europe, and Asia. This paper provides evidence on the integration of the transatlantic natural gas market; it thus complements other papers in the EMF 23 study that focus on prices and international natural gas trade. We test the theoretical proposition that in integrating markets commodity prices should move closer than before. Using 2,059 pairs of daily spot prices for natural gas in North America and Europe we investigate price dynamics covering the period from 1999 until 2008. We apply the Kalman Filter technique which measures convergence by allowing for dynamic structural change to gain detailed information on trends inherent in prices over time. Results suggest an increasing convergence of spot prices on either side of the Atlantic Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Constructing academic identity in the European higher education space: Experiences of early career educational researchers.
- Author
-
Djerasimovic, Sanja and Villani, Marialuisa
- Subjects
EDUCATION research ,HIGHER education & state ,NARRATIVE inquiry (Research method) ,HIGHER education ,UNIVERSITY autonomy - Abstract
This exploratory paper presents insights from a qualitative interview-based study of the academic identity-building among a group of early career researchers working in the field of education across the European higher education space. Set against a policy background framed by the initiatives in European higher education and research policy, geared towards a production of a mobile, entrepreneurial researcher in pursuit of 'valuable' knowledge, the respondents' narratives reveal individual complexity, but also emerging patterns of professional identification. We identify the traditional academic values of creating and sharing knowledge validated by an epistemic community, and pursuing autonomy and collegiality in research, as still dominant, however, find these interacting with the demonstration of a strong proactive, entrepreneurial spirit, and a lack of institutional attachment. The narratives indicate the availability of supportive, encouraging communities as being of high significance, and contest the notions of Europeanisation and the utility of geographic mobility in researchers' identities. The paper discusses different types of academic identification driven by value orientation and social attachment that emerged from the early career researchers' interviews, alongside pervasive issues around mobility raised in most narratives, and concludes with suggestions for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Electricity Market Reform in the European Union: Review of Progress toward Liberalization & Integration.
- Author
-
Jamasb, Tooraj and Pollitt, Michael
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,POWER resources ,ELECTRIC industries ,ENERGY industries - Abstract
The energy marker liberalisation process in Europe is increasingly focused on electricity market integration and related cross border issues. This signals that the liberalisation of national electricity markets is now closer to the long-term objective of a single European energy market. The interface between the national electricity markets requires physical interconnections and technical arrangements. However, further progress towards this objective also raises important issues regarding the framework within which the integrated market is implemented. This paper reviews the progress towards a single European electricity market. We then discuss the emerging issues of market concentration, investments, and security of supply as well as some aspects of market design and regulation that are crucial for dynamic performance of a single European market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. POSTPONEMENT (1) OF MATERNITY AND THE DURATION OF TIME SPENT AT HOME AFTER FIRST BIRTH PANEL DATA ANALYSES COMPARING GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, THE NETHERLANDS AND SWEDEN (2).
- Author
-
Gustafsson, Siv S., Wetzels, Cecile M.M.P., and Kenjoh, Eiko
- Subjects
MOTHERHOOD ,FIRST-born children ,CHILDBIRTH ,MATERNITY leave - Abstract
This paper analyses the postponement of first births of the 1990s compared to the 1980s, using panel data from four countries, namely, Germany (GSOEP), Great Britain (BHPS), the Netherlands (OSA) and Sweden (HUS). We find substantial postponement o f maternity in all four countries for all educational groups with the most pronounced postponement among highly educated women. However the mean age of the mother at giving birth to the first child was the lowest in Great Britain both in the 1980s and 19 90s. Theoretically we can distinguish two motives for postponing maternity namely, the consumption-smoothing motive and the career planning motive. In this paper we concentrate on an important determinant of the maternal time costs: the time spent out of market work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. TEMPORARY WORK IN COORDINATED MARKET ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM FRONT-LINE SERVICE WORKPLACES.
- Author
-
SHIRE, KAREN A., MOTTWEILER, HANNELORE, SCHÖNAUER, ANNIKA, and VALVERDE, MIREIA
- Subjects
CALL centers ,TEMPORARY employees ,INSTITUTIONAL theory (Sociology) ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,SERVICE industries research - Abstract
The growing use of temporary contracts in Europe raises the question of whether long-term employment relations are eroding in coordinated market economies, where protective regulations are historically strong. This paper, using data from establishment-level surveys conducted in 2003--2005, examines the institutional and organizational factors that have shaped the extent of use of temporary contracts in call centers in six European countries: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden. While differences in regulatory regimes appear to have influenced employer behavior in some cases, the exceptions are striking, as the countries with the most stringent restrictions on temporary workers were among the heaviest users of such workers. By contrast, firm-level strategies that retained work in-house and invested in work force skills and training were consistent predictors of the use of long-term contracts as opposed to temporary ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. FIRM-LEVEL CONTRACTING AND THE STRUCTURE OF WAGES IN SPAIN.
- Author
-
Card, David and de la Rica, Sara
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL relations ,WAGE surveys ,WAGE bargaining ,NEGOTIATION - Abstract
In many European countries, sectoral bargaining agreements are automatically extended to cover all firms in an industry. Employers and employees can also negotiate firm-specific contracts. The authors of this paper use a large matched employer-employee data set from a 1995 survey in Spain to study the effects of firm-level contracting on the structure of wages. They estimate a series of wage determination models, including specifications that control for individual characteristics, coworker characteristics, the bargaining status of the workplace, and the probability that the workplace was covered by a firm-level contract. They find that firm-level contracting was associated with a 5-10% wage premium, with larger premiums for more highly paid workers. Although they cannot decisively test between alternative explanations for the firm-level contracting premium, they find that workers with firm-specific contracts had substantially longer job tenure than other workers, suggesting that the premium was at least partially a non-competitive phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Insights on Metrosexuality and Consumption for Marketers in South-East Europe.
- Author
-
Magklaras, Vasileios, Kapoulas, Alexandros, Xharavina, Natyra, and Miaoulis Jr, George
- Subjects
MASCULINE identity ,PERSONAL grooming ,CONSUMER behavior ,MARKETING ,SOCIAL marketing ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
This article explores the emergence of metrosexuals among millennial men in five South-East Europe (SEE) countries and their subculture of consumption. It qualitatively studies their beliefs about masculinity and metrosexuality, and it identifies their purchasing behaviours' of grooming products online and offline by employing digital extended self-theory to provide strategic guidance for marketers and new insights for academics. This qualitative study includes ten semi-structured in-depth interviews and one hundred qualitative open-ended questionnaires. Additionally, it employs netnography to analyze the subculture of consumption of male metrosexuality in two representative blogs. The findings reveal that SEE millennial men embrace a dual identity, a traditional masculine identity, which co-exists with their metrosexuality, creating an emotional conflict as they differ along an accepted to extreme continuum. Metrosexual men are heavy users of personal grooming products favouring online purchasing (1) due to the frequent lack of retail availability in SEE countries and (2) their sense of embarrassment––the underlying emotional conflict. This study directly challenges the existing academic literature, which supports the dominance of traditional masculine identity among developing countries. For both marketers and academics, it presents a different market reality. Metrosexual males show a distinctly different self-identity online from offline. Social media provides them with a safe space, which is often subject to public embarrassment in offline settings. These findings have note-worthy implications for marketing practitioners including communication messaging, social media strategy, brand identity and presence, and product development. They provide insights for both practitioners and academics regarding the subculture of consumption of metrosexuals in the historically macho male-dominated SEE regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. European Scenarios of CO2 Infrastructure Investment.
- Author
-
Pao-Yu Oei and Mendelevitch, Roman
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,CARBON pricing ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,MIXED integer linear programming ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Based on a review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO
2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixedinteger model CCTS-Mod to compute a CCTS infrastructure network for Europe, examining the effects of different CO2 price paths with different regional foci. Scenarios assuming low CO2 certificate prices lead to hardly any CCTS development in Europe. The iron and steel sector starts deployment once the CO2 certificate prices exceed 50 €/tCO2 . The cement sector starts investing at a threshold of 75 €/tCO2 , followed by the electricity sector when prices exceed 100 €/tCO2 . The degree of CCTS deployment is found to be more sensitive to variable costs of CO2 capture than to investment costs. Additional revenues generated from utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2 -EOR) in the North Sea would lead to an earlier adoption of CCTS, independent of the CO2 certificate price; this case may become especially relevant for the UK, Norway and the Netherlands. However, scattered CCTS deployment increases unit cost of transport and storage infrastructure by 30% or more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. European Electricity Grid Infrastructure Expansion in a 2050 Context.
- Author
-
Egerer, Jonas, Gerbaulet, Clemens, and Lorenz, Casimir
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,INDEPENDENT system operators ,ELECTRIC power distribution ,ELECTRIC industries ,INTEGRATED circuit interconnections - Abstract
This paper analyzes the development of the European electricity transmission network for different policy scenarios at the horizon 2050. We apply a bottomup techno-economic electricity sector model to determine transformation scenarios of the European electricity sector. It has a very detailed spatial disaggregation that allows for a fine representation of domestic and international electricity flows and transmission expansion. The cost-minimizing mixed-integer model calculates investments for time steps of ten years. The model results indicate that network requirements are lower than generally assumed. The largest share are domestic upgrades, rather than country interconnectors. Most investments (20bn EUR) occur in the near future, by 2030 the latest. Only the high-mitigation scenarios require large additional network investments. The timing and location of investments differ, depending on generation scenarios and cost assumptions for interconnectors. The results indicate that carbon emission reduction targets alone provide insufficient information for long-term network planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Role of Natural Gas in a Low-Carbon Europe: Infrastructure and Supply Security.
- Author
-
Holz, Franziska, Richter, Philipp M., and Egging, Ruud
- Subjects
GAS industry ,NATURAL gas supply & demand ,CARBON & the environment ,ENERGY consumption ,NATURAL gas & the environment - Abstract
In this paper, we analyse infrastructure needs of the European natural gas market in response to decarbonisation of the European energy system. To this end, we use numerical modelling and apply the Global Gas Model. We investigate three pathways of future natural gas consumption: i) a decreasing natural gas consumption, following the scenarios of the EU Energy Roadmap 2050; ii) a moderate increase of natural gas consumption, along the lines of the IEA's New Policies Scenario; and iii) a temporary increase of natural gas use as a "bridge" technology, followed by a strong decrease after 2030. Our results show that current import infrastructure and intra-European transit capacity are sufficient to accommodate future import needs in all scenarios. This is despite a pronounced reduction of domestic production and a strong increase in import dependency. However, due to strong demand in Asia, Europe must increasingly rely on exports from Africa and the Caspian region, leading to new infrastructure capacity from these regions. When natural gas serves as a "bridge" technology, short-term utilisation rates of LNG import capacity temporarily increase instead of instigating large scale pipeline expansions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The barriers and enablers to accessing sexual health and sexual well-being services for midlife women (aged 40–65 years) in high-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.
- Author
-
Simmons, Kiersten, Llewellyn, Carrie, Bremner, Stephen, Gilleece, Yvonne, Norcross, Claire, and Iwuji, Collins
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH literacy ,SUPPORT groups ,ENDOWMENTS ,MEDICAL care ,DEVELOPED countries ,AFFINITY groups ,NONBINARY people ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,WOMEN'S health ,ONLINE information services ,TRANS women ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,SEXUAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,SOCIAL stigma ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,HEALTH care teams ,INTEGRATED health care delivery - Abstract
Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives, when hormonal and physical changes are often accompanied by psychological and social evolution. Access to sexual health and sexual well-being (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high-income countries. A systematic review of the enablers and barriers to women (including trans-gender and non-binary people) aged 40–65 years accessing SHSW services in high-income countries was undertaken. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed publications. Findings were thematically extracted and reported in a narrative synthesis. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their healthcare professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities and financial incentives to access services for under-served groups. Efforts are needed to enhance education about SHSW and related services among midlife women and their healthcare providers. This increased education should be leveraged to improve research, public health messaging, interventions, policy development and access to comprehensive services, especially for midlife women from underserved groups. Plain language summary: Sexual health and sexual wellbeing services for midlife women in high income countries Midlife, beginning at 40 years and extending to 65 years, a range that encompasses the late reproductive to late menopausal stages, is a unique time in women's lives. Access to Sexual Health and Sexual Wellbeing (SHSW) services, which include the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, contraception and the support of sexual function, pleasure and safety, is important for the health of midlife women, their relationships and community cohesion. The objective of this systematic review was to use the socio-ecological model to synthesise the barriers and enablers to SHSW services for midlife women in high income countries. Eighty-one studies were included; a minority specifically set out to study SHSW care for midlife women. The key barriers that emerged were the intersecting disadvantage of under-served groups, poor knowledge, about SHSW, and SHSW services, among women and their HealthCare Professionals (HCPs), and the over-arching effect of stigma, social connections, and psychological factors on access to care. Enablers included intergenerational learning, interdisciplinary and one-stop women-only services, integration of SHSW into other services, peer support programmes, representation of minoritised midlife women working in SHSW, local and free facilities, and financial incentives for under-served groups to access services. The appetite for education about SHSW and SHSW services among midlife women and their HCPs should be capitalised upon, and utilised to improve research, public health messaging, interventions and access to holistic services, particularly for midlife women from under-served groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Impact of Energy Market Uncertainty Shocks on Energy Transition in Europe.
- Author
-
Balcilar, Mehmet, Roubaud, David, and Shahbaz, Muhammad
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuels ,POWER resources ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,COAL supply & demand ,UNCERTAINTY ,CLEAN energy - Abstract
We study effects of energy market uncertainty shocks on energy transition on the 28 European Union countries from 1990 to 2015 using annual frequency data. We assess the effects of oil price as well as the energy market supply, demand, and residual price shocks using a time-varying parameter panel data stochastic volatility model. We show the importance of reducing energy market uncertainty for the success of a clean energy transition in Europe as uncertainties have strong time-varying effects on the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The oil price and residual energy price uncertainties are the key factors encouraging renewable energy transition that reduces the vulnerability of economies to energy shocks. Energy supply shocks affect the transition negatively while the demand shocks work similarly to residual energy prices shocks, requiring a robust energy base that is less volatile. The paper also discusses policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Characteristics of educational sciences research activity in European post-socialist countries in the period 1996 to 2013: Content analysis approach.
- Author
-
Bouillet, Dejana and Jokić, Maja
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
In European post-socialistic countries or more commonly known as Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries, regardless of their differences and specifics, the common communist and post-communist legacies in the field of educational sciences are still recognisable. The aim of this article is to explore research activity in the educational sciences in 15 CEE countries: 11 EU member states and 4 from the former Yugoslav Republic in the period from 1996 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to recognise the specificity and dynamics of subject and content issues, and development of methodological approaches in the educational science research. The sample consists of abstracts of 2,395 papers by CEE authors published in 265 journals indexed in Scopus between 1996 and 2013. Content analysis was applied, where the abstracts were grouped into specifically created categories describing the content and methods of the paper and analysed on the basis of two criterion variables – CEE and non-CEE or international journals. The χ
2 test showed that the field of educational sciences in 15 European post-socialist countries changed over time in terms of quantity, content and methods, becoming more expansive and diverse, which is recognisable in papers published both in international and in CEE journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Investing in Smart Grids: Assessing the Influence of Regulatory and Market Factors on Investment Level.
- Author
-
Gwerder, Yvonne Vogt, Figueiredo, Nuno Carvalho, and da Silvaa, Patrícia Pereira
- Subjects
ELECTRON tube grids ,INFLUENCER marketing ,INVESTMENTS ,MACHINE-to-machine communications ,INVESTORS - Abstract
This paper explores how market and regulatory factors affect stakeholders' investments in smart grid projects in Europe. Distribution System Operators (DSOs), universities, and technology manufacturers are leading investors, with a cumulative 2286 M€ financed since 2002. Statistical tests were conducted on these groups' investments in smart grid projects in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland from 2008-2015, to evaluate the influence of the following factors on investment: the level of distribution sector concentration, the regulatory mechanism in place, and the existence of innovation stimulus mechanisms. The level of distribution sector concentration did not significantly influence investments by these three groups. Market-minded stakeholders, such as DSOs and technology manufacturers, invested more in countries that employed hybrid, incentive, or innovation-stimulus mechanisms; meanwhile, collaborative knowledge-seeking institutions, such as universities, were not swayed by these factors. Taking these findings into consideration will help policy makers design adequate incentives for stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Organizations as Penetrated Hierarchies: Environmental Pressures and Control in Professional Organizations.
- Author
-
Bleiklie, Ivar, Enders, Jürgen, and Lepori, Benedetto
- Subjects
HIERARCHIES ,ORGANIZATION ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
Organizational control and environmental influences on organizational behavior are central themes in organization studies, yet little effort has been made to bring them together. In this paper we seek to contribute to filling this gap by investigating and conceptualizing environmental influences on organizational control. The paper examines patterns of organizational control and their environmental couplings through three parallel case studies of public universities in three European countries. We provide a systematic characterization of the space of configurations of control in professional knowledge-intensive organizations along the two axes of centralization of power and formalization of social relationships. We show that environmental characteristics do matter for the contestation and selection of control models. Finally, we unpack and conceptualize the synergetic influence of three environmental characteristics (institutional pressures, resource environment, and external social relationships) as providing sources of legitimacy and power for specific control regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from European Data.
- Author
-
Degiannakis, Stavros, Filis, George, and Kizys, Renatas
- Subjects
PETROLEUM product sales & prices ,ECONOMIC shock ,STOCK exchanges ,MARKET volatility ,DATA analysis ,ECONOMIC demand - Abstract
The paper investigates the effects of oil price shocks on stock market volatility in Europe by focusing on three measures of volatility, i.e. the conditional, the realized and the implied volatility. The findings suggest that supply-side shocks and oil specific demand shocks do not affect volatility, whereas, oil price changes due to aggregate demand shocks lead to a reduction in stock market volatility. More specifically, the aggregate demand oil price shocks have a significant explanatory power on both current- and forward-looking volatilities. The results are qualitatively similar for the aggregate stock market volatility and the industrial sectors' volatilities. Finally, a robustness exercise using short- and long-run volatility models supports the findings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Integration of European Electricity Markets: Evidence from Spot Prices.
- Author
-
Gugler, Klaus, Haxhimusa, Adhurim, and Liebensteiner, Mario
- Subjects
ELECTRIC industries ,ELECTRICITY sales & prices ,ELECTRIC power distribution ,ELECTRIC power ,ERROR correction (Information theory) - Abstract
This paper investigates the current state of market integration among European electricity day-ahead spot prices. In our empirical analysis we utilize a large sample of hourly spot prices of 25 European markets for the period 2010Jan01/01h- 2015Jun30/24h and combine it with other relevant data such as hourly interconnector capacities and the existence of market coupling. Firstly, empirical results from cointegration analysis indicate that market integration increased from 2010 to 2012 but then declined until 2015, despite the introduction of market coupling in many markets. Secondly, we empirically assess error correction after price shocks and reach the conclusion that markets' strength of the error correction mechanism is rather modest. In general, our findings suggest that the integration among European electricity markets has a large potential for improvements from additional capacity investments and further promotion of market coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Teachers‘ attitudes and beliefs regarding ICT in teaching and learning in European countries.
- Author
-
Eickelmann, Birgit and Vennemann, Mario
- Subjects
COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,PSYCHOLOGICAL typologies ,ADULTS ,PROFESSIONAL education ,HIGHER education - Abstract
In the debate on the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into schools, the beliefs and attitudes of teachers towards ICT in teaching and learning have always been regarded as central criteria for successful implementation of new technologies. In this context, a study in 2013 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, IEA, provided insights into teachers’ beliefs regarding ICT and showed that perceptions of the pedagogical advantages of technologies differ between countries. With regard to this finding, this paper seeks to determine whether there is a typology of teachers with different attitudes towards the potential of ICTs for learning. This question is addressed by conducting latent class analyses on a sample of teacher data from three European countries – the Czech Republic, Germany and Norway. Furthermore, the paper investigates how the use of computers by teachers varies between the groups to which these teachers can be assigned. In doing so the research reported at hand connects, arguably for the first time, representative data on teacher typologies of attitudes towards and beliefs about ICT in teaching and learning with data on computer use in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and cycle phase are associated with enhanced facial emotion detection: An online cross-sectional study.
- Author
-
Boboc, Bianca and Oinonen, Kirsten A
- Subjects
MENSTRUAL cycle -- Psychological aspects ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH funding ,PREMENSTRUAL syndrome ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,EMOTIONS ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,FACIAL expression ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a depressive disorder affecting 5%–8% of people with menstrual cycles. Despite evidence that facial emotion detection is altered in depressive disorders, with enhanced detection of negative emotions (negativity bias), minimal research exists on premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms and the premenstrual phase on accuracy and intensity at detection of facial emotions. Design: Cross-sectional quasi-experimental design. Method: The Facial Emotion Detection Task was administered to 72 individuals assigned female at birth with no premenstrual dysphoric disorder (n = 30), and provisional PMDD (n = 42), based on a retrospective Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition -based measure of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Facial emotion detection was examined both irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, and as a function of premenstrual phase (yes, no). The task used neutral-to-emotional facial expression morphs (15 images/morph). Participants indicated the emotion detected for each image within the progressive intensity morph. For all six basic emotions (sad, angry, fearful, happy, disgust, and surprise), two scores were calculated: accuracy of responses and the intensity within the morph at which the correct emotion was first detected (image number). Results: Individuals reporting moderate/severe symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder had more accurate and earlier detection of disgust, regardless of cycle phase. In addition, those with provisional premenstrual dysphoric disorder detected sad emotions earlier. A premenstrual dysphoric disorder group × cycle phase interaction also emerged: individuals reporting premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms were more accurate at detecting facial emotions during the premenstrual phase compared to the rest of the cycle, with a large effect size for sad emotions. Conclusion: The findings suggest enhanced facial emotion processing in individuals reporting symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, particularly for sadness and disgust. However, replication is required with larger samples and prospective designs. This premenstrual dysphoric disorder premenstrual emotion detection advantage suggests an adaptive cognitive mechanism in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and challenges stigma surrounding premenstrual experiences. Plain Language Summary: Women with Severe Premenstrual Syndrome or Probable Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder are Better at Identifying Emotional Expressions on People's Faces, Especially During the Premenstrual Phase Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a depressive disorder affecting women where they experience emotional and physical symptoms during the premenstrual phase (i.e. the week before one's period). It is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome. Research indicates that depression can affect facial emotion recognition. Accurately recognizing other people's emotions is an important skill that helps us develop social connections and keep ourselves and others safe. Quick recognition of facial emotions allows us to understand and support others, and quickly identify dangerous situations by recognizing other people's emotional responses. The goal of this study was to examine how premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms and the premenstrual phase may affect the ability of women to recognize and identify emotions on other people's faces. A total of 72 women (42 with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 30 without premenstrual dysphoric disorder) completed the Facial Emotion Detection Task. This task measured how accurate and early the women were able to detect happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust in faces. Women with moderate/severe symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder had more accurate and earlier detection of disgust, regardless of where they were in their menstrual cycle. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder detected sad emotions earlier. Furthermore, women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder were more accurate at detecting facial emotions when they were tested in the premenstrual phase, and were especially more accurate in detecting sad emotions. The findings suggest that women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder are better at detecting facial emotions and show a premenstrual dysphoric disorder premenstrual emotion detection advantage. This tendency for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder to better detect emotions in others, particularly when they are in the premenstrual cycle phase, would have benefits. As one of the first reports of a potentially beneficial effect of premenstrual syndrome for women, the findings may help decrease stigma associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome. Further research is needed to replicate and extend these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Simulating Security of Supply Effects of the Nabucco and South Stream Projects for the European Natural Gas Market.
- Author
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Dieckhöner, Caroline
- Subjects
NATURAL gas ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) - Abstract
Because of the decrease in domestic production in Europe, additional natural gas volumes will be required. In addition to Nord Stream, the major import pipeline projects, Nabucco and South Stream, have been announced to provide further gas supplies to Europe. This raises the question concerning whether and how these projects contribute to the European Union's focus on security of supply. Applying the natural gas infrastructure model TIGER, this paper investigates the impact of these pipeline projects on southeastern Europe's gas supply. Gas flows and marginal cost prices are evaluated in general and considering the possibility of supply disruptions via Ukraine for the year 2020. The model results show a positive impact of these pipelines on security of supply despite few consumer cut-offs that result from intra-European bottlenecks. South Stream is only highly utilized in case of a Ukraine crisis, supporting the idea that its main purpose is to bypass Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Adjusting ‘our notions of the nature of the State’: A political reading of Ireland’s child protection crisis.
- Author
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Garrett, Paul Michael
- Subjects
AUSTERITY ,FINANCIAL bailouts ,EUROPEAN Sovereign Debt Crisis, 2009-2018 ,GOVERNMENT spending policy ,CHILD welfare ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
The Republic of Ireland was the first country in the eurozone to adopt a neoliberal infused ‘austerity budget’, and the ill-judged state bailing out of a number of reckless banks and associated financial institutions is costing billions of euros. In late 2010, as the crisis deepened, the International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank provided a ‘bailout’ package that resulted in further punitive public spending cuts and the eradication of national sovereignty. This paper maintains that the present crisis is more than a mere economic crisis, but can be viewed as a series of interlinked ‘conjunctures’. Tracing the connection between the historical and the contemporary, the first part of the discussion will explore six thematic components relating to the structuring of the Irish state. These are identified as: a ‘class rule state’; an ‘authoritarian state’; a ‘confining state’; a ‘censoring state’; a ‘discriminatory state’; and a ‘state within the state’. These six dimensions provide a contextual underpinning for the second part of the paper, which focuses on the crisis in child welfare and child protection services and dwells on the shambolic performance of the Health Service Executive (HSE), deficits in the ‘care’ system and the HSE failure to furnish reliable data on the deaths of children in contact with social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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