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Copyright of JLIS.it: Italian Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of JLIS.it: Italian Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses how to widen the boundaries of an existing World Heritage Site to include the heritage of the 20th century. The work by Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino is a perfect case study since modern architecture enriches the set of values where the statement of OUV was based. Urbino undertook a process of urban rebirth in the second half of the 20th century, according to De Carlo's master plan, which promoted a harmonic continuity between modern architecture and the preservation of the historic city. As a result, the Historic Centre of Urbino was enlisted in 1988 as an outstanding example of Renaissance capital. Although the statement of OUV did not mention De Carlo's work, the site's management plan (2012-14) suggests widening the buffer zone to include modern buildings. The authors wonder how to promote such updating of the WHS towards the recent past, something that seems not to have precedent examples in the WHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on the training potential of football - addressing both professional and youth activities - and investigates the way in which the media have represented (during the 20th century) and represent (today) soccer, emphasizing how narratives and discourses about soccer produce both formative potentials as much as troubling outcomes that can overshadow the authentic values of the sport. The task of pedagogy is precisely to highlight the risks and opportunities of these representations and to promote, in all the actors involved, active attitudes to ensure that football, even today, can create opportunities to promote self-care, of the other and of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard S. Devane (1876-1951) was a Jesuit priest, a campaigner on a variety of social issues and a prolific author. He was also a key figure in the legislative landscape of post-1922 Ireland. He was invited as an expert witness to the Committee on Evil Literature in 1926 which enshrined a regime of literary censorship in the newly independent Ireland and he was the only witness personally invited to submit evidence to the Carrigan Committee in 1932, the infamous government commission that helped lay the groundwork for the Criminal Law Amendment Act that banned the sale, manufacture or importation of contraception in Ireland. In both his presence as a witness and in his voluminous journalistic writings on social issues, Devane provided a politico-theological legitimacy for this kind of draconian legislation. Drawing on Devane's published works, his collected papers in the Irish Jesuit Archive and government papers in the National Archives of Ireland, this biographical paper analyses Devane's central role in the Irish Free State's project of social control and raises questions about the borders dividing Church and State in the period after 1922. Moreover, I trace Devane's later political development in the 1930s and '40s; by this period, Devane had far less input in the State's legislative agenda but was producing far more detailed political writings; his two later books, Challenge from Youth (1942) and The Failure of Individualism (1948), as well as showing a clear Fascist influence also highlight the soft authoritarianism inherent to the politics of post-1922 Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of the 1990s in France, the first labels have been created to distinguish the singularity of 20th-century architecture. However, a large part of its building stock suffers from energy deficiencies, and most of them need major retrofitting to align with today's habitability standards. If current technologies offer a wide array of devices that meet performance demands, their implementation does not always comply with heritage protection goals. As part of a transdisciplinary research project, our team studies the acceptability and feasibility of the renovation of various buildings of the 20th-century, using "the ventilated double-skin". The goal is to set renovation protocols that incorporate architectural and cultural evaluation in the technical analysis of energy and comfort needs. In this paper, we present our methodology and first results and aim to highlight the importance of complementary approaches to help inform sustainable interventions on this unique heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is a dialogue with Gregory Bateson and Alvin Toffler, prophetic thinkers that in the middle of the 20th century envisaged, and called for, the education of the future. We owe to Bateson the idea of “learning to learn”, on which he began to reflect in the 1940’s and kept thinking throughout his life. The idea was later taken up by Toffler in Future Shock (1970), where he wrote that “the illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.” The idea of learning to learn – as well as of metacognition – is widespread today, to the point of being considered one of the key competences needed in our time; however, it is still poorly understood and far from being applied as a guiding principle of educational practice in schools. The historical moment we are experiencing with the COVID-19 pandemic brings the urgent need for change in education, shifting from a paradigm based on merit to a paradigm based on competences. Urgency is an occasion but also a risk: the conditions of students with learning difficulties or in state of poverty might worsen and, overall, inequality might increase. A different, equal and deeply human scenario for the education of the future finds connections with ideas sown in the 20th century and ready to germinate. Facing a future world of which we only know how different it will be from the present world, metacognition and learning to learn appear as the solid ground on which to build the future of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the turn of the twentieth century, in light of increasing antisemitism and assimilationism, a growing number of American Jews discovered Zionism as a tool of resistance. Boston lawyer and later Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis was one of the first prominent supporters of Zionism in the US. While Brandeis’s approach to Zionism was influenced by European Zionist thinkers, he drew inspiration from non-Jewish independence movements too. Brandeis repeatedly referred to the Irish nationalist movement and offered the Irish experience as a model for Jews to realize their dream of an independent Jewish nation in Palestine. Th is paper will analyze speeches and writings by Brandeis written in the second half of the 1910s. An article on this particular aspect of the intersection of Irish and Jewish history might be especially helpful since today the Irish independence movement is usually compared to the Palestinian resistance movement rather than to early Zionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women movement have long seemed little interested in law, and traditional legal scholars were little interested in gender studies. However, throughout the twentieth century, women's movements produced a real revolution in the legal order. This paper discusses the different stages of the relationship between women's movements and the Italian way to gender equal opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the controversy regarding the decision of the Irish Film Board (IFB) to fund Angel, which tore apart the Irish film industry in 1981-82 and almost made the newly-born Board derail. We rely on documents held in the Irish Film Institute Archive to offer a new, more balanced approach to this well-known issue. More specifically, we first show that it was a lack of quorum that made the decision illegal and expose the lies and half-truths that all the parties involved used to discredit each other's position in the media. Next, we examine the Association of Independent Producers Ireland-controlled IFB policies for 1982-1983 and argue that many were geared towards making The Outcasts the flagship Irish film at the expense of Angel. We finish by reflecting that, although Angel was the only success of the IFB, it continued supporting films like The Outcasts only until 1987. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay deals with a number of works by poets, playwrights and novelists who tackled the theme of the Irish participation to World War I. The crucial point was about the divided loyalties of Irish soldiers enlisted in the British Army at a time when Ireland was at first fighting for Home Rule and later, on Easter 1916, engaged in a hopeless but decisive uprising. Can literature change the world? Yeats invited the poet to remain disdainfully silent in time of war but, notwithstanding this, was forced to deal with its painful consequences because of the death of Major Gregory, son of his dear friend Lady Augusta. Sean O'Casey had a totally different approach to the theme, using the theatre to create a collective response to its futility. Some decades later Frank McGuinness in one of his most successful plays maintains that "Invention gives that slaughter shape". Francis Ledwige who died on the Belgian front, the only Irish "war poet", gave "shape" in his poems to his own divided loyalties to Britain and Ireland, becoming years later a source of inspiration for Seamus Heaney, trapped in the Troubles. The second part of this paper examines novels by Iris Murdoch, Jennifer Johnson and Sebastian Barry who have considered an effort of recollection to tell fictional stories set in those ominous years in order to overcome the "collective amnesia" (Boyce 1993, 189) that tried to exorcise the deaths of so many Irishmen who fought during World War I wearing the "wrong" uniform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young democracies face many challenges; they must adopt and develop the values and institutions of liberal democracy and those of the rule of law, while strengthening civil society. The culture of legality can be seen as the means whereby legitimacy is granted to existing institutions, in order to lend them validity. Unless citizens use the law to regulate their behavior or institutions in the legal system to resolve their conflicts and protect and promote their interests, reforms are of little use in everyday life. This paper addresses some of the characteristic features of the way Latin Americans relate to the law and institutions in the legal system. While recognizing the heterogeneity within the region, some distinctive features that appear in the existing comparable information bases are described: the LB and the WVS since 2000. The results suggest that political reforms and the functioning of legal institutions have not had a significant impact on the endemic mistrust pervading the citizens of this region. Although democratic development is gradual, there have been no significant changes regarding how Latin Americans relate to the law, at least in attitudinal terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the XX century music's aesthetic is not an autonomous discipline with defined borders. Scholars dealing with it are neither philosophers in the strict sense nor merely historians or critics of music. In this paper, I wonder about the possibility of finding the traces of the first Italian aesthetics of music among the folds of a composite and ongoing reflection and through the study of some generally-considered musicological production also having some philosophical profile. Along this path, some figures of particular interest emerge such as that of Fausto Acanfora Torrefranca, a "non-aligned" intellectual, who firmly tried to give musical studies an aesthetic-philosophical basis, on the one hand, and a much needed rigor in the early twentieth century Italy on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luigi Villari's book Fire and Sword in the Caucasus, published in London in 1906, is widely quoted by scholars working on the history of Transcaucasia, in particular in respect to the Armenian- Tatar war. Yet neither this text nor its author have been so far studied in detail. The Italian Luigi Villari (1876-1959) is a figure of considerable interest; he was a diplomat, traveler, and journalist. His father, Pasquale Villari (1827-1917), was an accomplished historian and politician who played an important role in nineteenth-century Italy; Villari's mother was the British writer Linda White (1836-1915). It is remarkable that the author wrote a book an English at a time when this was not a popular language in Italy. He wrote extensively both in English and Italian about different topics, mainly related to history and international politics. It has been shown that, after the First World War, Villari joined Fascism and contributed actively to the regime's propaganda in Great Britain. The present paper examines Luigi Villari's book on the Caucasus, especially the author's attitude towards the Armenians. I shall demonstrate that in his work, he handles negative stereotypes of the Armenians ("one of the most unpopular races of the East"), which were common in the Russian empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a rather interesting way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates an important battle-front of the Cold War: the competition on consumption. It focuses on the year 1959, year of the Soviet exhibition in New York, of the American exhibition in Moscow and of Xruščev's trip to the U.S., considering the Soviet attempts to develop alternative models of modernity. The "consumption contest" is here analyzed with a particular emphasis on the Soviet culture of consumption in its differences with the American one. The paper uses both official and popular Soviet sources as well as the American press when this helps to clarify the difference between Soviet and American propaganda attitudes, as well as archival documents from the RGAE (Russian State Archive of the Economy). As far as the popular press is concerned, here we have mostly used the Soviet weekly magazine "Ogonek" and the monthly "L'Union Soviétique". As regards popular American sources, the article takes into consideration the "Ogonek" counterpart "Life". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a long and complex process, the porticoes of Bologna were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List at the 44th session of the International Committee held in Fuzhou, China, on 16-31 July 2021. Among the aspects emphasised was the extraordinary adaptability of the asset, which has been intermediating public and private space since the 12th century. In the second half of the 20th century, the updating of technologies, materials and ways of living confirmed the importance of the portico even in the suburbs, leading to the construction of fine examples such as the one in the Barca district, designed by Giuseppe Vaccaro. Included in the UNESCO selection, on the one hand this portico courageously opens up to the contemporary, while on the other hand it imposes a reflection on the most recent interpretations of the asset. Among these, one should at least consider Kenzo Tange's arcades at the Fiera District, which, due to their historical and urban value, deserve to be included in the UNESCO selection through a Minor Boundary Modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-examines the British establishment's crucial role in partition, arguing that it rested on imperial considerations and, indeed, that the character of the resultant "Orange State" punctures liberal assumptions about twentieth-century Britain. It counters much of the prevailing historiography on what nationalists call the Belfast pogrom, identifying it as the pivotal episode in the genesis of Northern Ireland, during which the Ulster Unionist leadership - with near unconditional state support - effectively purged Belfast's labour market of Catholics and Protestant socialists to create an Orange economy that served as the material basis for a half-century of Unionist rule. The piece concludes that loyalist ideology represented a fusion of inherent colonial-settler identity and derived racist and imperialist concepts then permeating metropolitan discourse and widely embraced across the post-war European Right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011 and 2012 two important anniversaries were commemorated by church services, sermons, round tables, conferences and documentaries, during which hyperbolic acclamation (aka AVolatry) was showered on the so-called King James Bible (KJB), also known as the Authorized Version (AV), on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of its publication (1611) and the Book of Common Prayer (BCP) on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of its last official edition (1662), which is still in use (if so desired). Tributes were paid to the translators of the Bible and Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, who is considered to be the main author of the 1549 and 1552 editions, upon the latter of which subsequent editions published after his execution are based. These cornerstones of the lit-urgy of the Church of England, which, until the early nineteenth century, was the predominant church in the land, were claimed to have made an enormous contribution to the development and embellishment of the English language. However, one of the main aims of this article is to argue that this contribution deserves more critical scrutiny. When these two texts first appeared, the BCP in 1549, imposed on an unwilling people in place of the traditional Latin liturgy, was challenged by a serious rebellion, which was crushed with extreme violence by government forces. The KJB was considered to be nothing more than a new edition of the last (1602) printing of the Bishops' Bible; in the words of the translators themselves: '... we never thought from the beginning, that we should need to make a new translation, nor yet to make of a bad one a good one ... but to make a good one better'. The consecration of these two texts as 'timeless classics' was largely the work of the nineteenth century. In the second half of the twentieth century they were mostly replaced by contemporary versions. The 'thou God' has become the 'you God'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plays of Shakespeare have undergone radical transformations in the ways they have been produced and perceived over the centuries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the plays have been adapted, localized, appropriated through a vast range of media: theatre, cinema, music, comics, and cartoons. This article will focus on the appropriation of A Midsummer Night's Dream in the form of cartoons and comics, comparing different versions and different media, from the puppet version of Jiri Trnka to the animated tales, to the manga version adapted by Richard Appignanesi and illustrated by Kate Brown, to Neil Gaiman's graphic novel version of the play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution aims at presenting the first account of a two-year research project which investigates Florence as a migration goal for German-Jewish intellectuals during the 1930s. In the first section, the historical and cultural background of Italian Exile are examined, with specific attention to the relationship between the intellectuals and political power. The second section presents a short overview of how German intellectuals had perceived Florence between the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The third section is then focussed on the perception of Florence during the Thirties as it emerges from both the memories and works of some of the refugees, who recorded their exile and represented the city both as the only possible shelter during this time of migration and the pleasurable waypoint of a potential Grand Tour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in the academic and literary circles of tsarist Russia Dante's Divina Commedia was considered as a religious poem. The theological background underlying the work incurred ecclesiastical censorship, which made it challenging to publish its translations during Nicolay i's and Alexander ii's reigns. The mystic motifs and religious imagery found therein became later particularly popular with Silver Age authors. The reception of the Divina Commedia as a Christian text remained unchallenged in the early post-revolutionary Russian intellectual milieu; notably, the publishing house "Vsemirnaja Literatura" ("World Literature") was not able to justify the preparation of a new translation on ideological grounds. Until the early 1930s, in Soviet literature Dante Alighieri was a controversial figure within the subfield of literary translation; yet in 1946, Michail Lozinskij's translation of the Divina Commedia was awarded the Stalin Prize 1st class, which for the very first time was granted to a work of translation. The aim of this article is threefold: first it attempts to demonstrate the ways by which, beginning in the 1930s, Dante gradually came to occupy an important place in some printed media in the Soviet Union; second it investigates the circumstances under which a translation of the Divina Commedia was published, and lastly it emphasises that the religious content of Dante's poem -- once appealing to pre-revolutionary writers -- was eventually disregarded. The present research, which relies on documents from public and private archives, also traces the history of the preparation of the commentaries that in the 1930s and 1950s accompanied the Russian translations of the Divina Commedia; I shall argue that the editors Dmitrij Min and Michail Lozinskij adopted an approach that was to a certain extent similar to ecclesiastical censorship in tsarist Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth century, a firm alliance between hygiene and education has been promoted as an important means of developing health in childhood. Hygienists, social reformers and educators were the main impetus for the development of a hygienic awareness while the school was at the center of the socalled pedagogisation of the body, that is a systematic educational action aimed at educating the body. Within this context, this article centers on the pedagogical efforts of Achille Sclavo (1861-1930), an internationally renowned hygienist, with the aims of reconstructing his pedagogy and educational work, thus discussing his views on hygienic education which were indicative of attitudes, beliefs, and ideas of his time. This is an attempt to shed light on an unknown aspect of his life and to offer an original perspective from which to explore the link between hygienic education and educational innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the fundamental phases of the scientific life of Camillo Golgi, the first Italian to win a Nobel Prize and one of the protagonists of European biomedical research between the 19th and 20th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The priests Michael O'Riordan and John Hagan led the Pontifical Irish College in Rome in the early decades of the twentieth century. At a crucial time for the birth of the Irish State, they promoted the demands of the Irish Church to the Vatican and participated actively in the debate on the political events of their nation. Thanks to the study of the writings they published in Italy from 1906 to 1916, we can determine what their ideas on the Irish homeland were, and why these ideas changed over the years. Their thoughts were not always the same, but the two Irishmen finally elaborated a more common national vision after the trauma of the Great War and a resounding episode as the 1916 Easter Rising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1916 members of the Scottish unit of the Irish Volunteers were deeply involved in preparations for the Easter Rising in Dublin and some republican activists travelled from the west of Scotland to participate in the rebellion. What follows is a limited prosopography of the revolutionary involvement of those members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), the Irish Volunteers, or Cumann na mBan, who were resident in Scotland between 1913 and 1915 and who fought in Ireland in 1916, or who were prevented from doing so because they were imprisoned. By covering militant activity in both Ireland and Britain, this treatment will argue that Scotland's Irish republicans were highly integrated with the wider separatist movement in Ireland and beyond, while being very much of the Glasgow, and Europe, of their time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the controversy surrounding the exchange of letters between art historian Erwin Panofsky and artist Barnett Newman in relation to iconography and iconology of contemporary American abstract art.