1. Aging alters gene expression of growth and remodeling factors in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise.
- Author
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Dennis RA, Przybyla B, Gurley C, Kortebein PM, Simpson P, Sullivan DH, and Peterson CA
- Subjects
- Actins biosynthesis, Actins genetics, Adult, Aged, Aging metabolism, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor biosynthesis, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 biosynthesis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 genetics, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I biosynthesis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins biosynthesis, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 biosynthesis, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 genetics, Muscle Proteins biosynthesis, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Myostatin, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 biosynthesis, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 genetics, Transforming Growth Factor beta biosynthesis, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics, Aging genetics, Gene Expression Regulation physiology, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Muscle Proteins genetics, Muscle, Skeletal growth & development, Rest physiology, Weight Lifting physiology
- Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare expression of genes that function in inflammation and stress, cell structure and signaling, or remodeling and growth in skeletal muscle of young (32 +/- 7 yr, n = 15) and elderly (72 +/- 5 yr, n = 16) healthy subjects before and after a bout of resistance leg exercises. A real-time RT-PCR method was used to screen 100 transcripts in v. lateralis biopsies obtained before and 72 h postexercise. The screen identified 15 candidates for differential expression due to aging and/or exercise that were measured quantitatively. The median levels of four mRNAs (insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein IGFBP5, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and the metallopeptidase MMP2) were significantly affected by aging and were greater (1.6- to 2.3-fold, P = 0.05) in the young than elderly muscle at both time points. The median levels of three mRNAs were significantly (P = 0.05) affected by exercise in the young. The metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 and alpha-cardiac actin mRNAs increased 2-fold and 6.5-fold, respectively, and GDF8 (myostatin) mRNA decreased by 50%. However, elderly muscle did not display any significant changes in gene expression postexercise. Thus, aging muscle shows decreased levels at rest and an impaired response to exercise for a number of mRNAs for factors potentially involved in muscle growth and remodeling. Future studies must determine the functional importance of these gene expression changes to protein synthesis, satellite cell activity, and other processes that are directly involved in the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy.
- Published
- 2008
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