22 results on '"use of time"'
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2. Educación primaria y secundaria a distancia y COVID-19 en Nicaragua. Un análisis de género.
- Author
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Accerenzi, Michela, Vázquez de Francisco, María José, Hernández Román, Ana, Muñoz Ocaña, Yolanda, and Adingra Kouaman, Venance
- Subjects
SEXUAL division of labor ,COVID-19 pandemic ,UNPAID labor ,ADULT education ,DISTANCE education - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Use of Time in Australian Children and Adolescents.
- Author
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Olds, Timothy, Singh, Ben, Miatke, Aaron, Eglitis, Emily, Maher, Carol, and Dumuid, Dorothea
- Abstract
There are well-known socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in children and adolescents' health which may be associated with time use. Our aim was to evaluate the association between Australian children's 24-hour time use and SES using four separate surveys from 2005 to 2021. Time use was assessed in 4526 8-19-year-olds from the 2005 Health of Young Victorians, 2007 National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2015 Child Health CheckPoint, and 2019-21 Life on Holidays study. Each survey used the same reliable, valid, 24-hour recall instrument. SES was quantified using tertiles of household income, education, and postcode-level measures. Compositional data analysis was used to compare 24-hour time use between SES categories, adjusting for age, sex, and puberty. Time-use compositions differed significantly by SES in each survey. Relative to the lowest SES, children from the highest SES accumulated on average 31 min/day more School-related time, 6 min/day more Passive Transport and 6 min/day more Self-care. Conversely, they accumulated 30 min/day less Screen Time (which included computer time), 11 min/day less sleep, and spent 7 min/day less in Domestic/Social activities. There were only small differences in Quiet Time and Physical Activity. SES-related differences in time use were robust across ages 8-19, a 16-year timespan, diverse Australian geographical regions, and using different SES metrics. The exchange of about 30 min/day between School-related activities and Screen Time amounts to >180 hours extra exposure to School-related activities annually in the highest SES category relative to the lowest, equivalent to >6 weeks of school time per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Changes in fitness and fatness in Australian schoolchildren during the summer holidays: fitness lost, fatness regained? A cohort study.
- Author
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Olds, Tim, Dumuid, Dorothea, Eglitis, Emily, Golley, Rebecca, Fraysse, François, Miatke, Aaron, Tomkinson, Grant R., Watson, Amanda, Munzberg, Mason, and Maher, Carol
- Subjects
- *
OBESITY , *SCHOOL children , *BROAD jump , *COHORT analysis , *HOLIDAYS - Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that children's fatness increases and fitness declines at a greater rate during the summer holiday period, compared with the school year. The aim of this study was to compare rates of change in fitness and fatness over the in-term and summer holiday periods among Australian schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to explore whether rates of change differed according to the child's sex, socio-economic status (SES), pubertal status and weight status. Methods: Children (n = 381) initially in Grade 4 (age 9) were recruited for this 2-year longitudinal study. Fatness (% body fat, BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio) and fitness (20-m shuttle run and standing broad jump) were measured at the start and end of two consecutive years. Rates of change were calculated for the two in-school periods (Grades 4 and 5) and for the summer holiday period. Rates of change in fatness and fitness between in-school and holiday periods were compared, and differences in rates of change according to sex, socio-economic status, and weight status were explored. Results: During the holidays, percentage body fat increased at a greater rate (annualised rate of change [RoC]: +3.9 vs. Grade 4 and + 4.7 vs. Grade 5), and aerobic fitness declined at a greater rate (RoC − 4.7 vs. Grade 4 and − 4.4 vs. Grade 5), than during the in-school periods. There were no differences in rates of change for BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio or standing broad jump. Body fatness increased faster in the holidays (relative to the in-school period) in children who are overweight and from low-SES families. Aerobic fitness declined more rapidly in the holidays in children who are overweight. Conclusion: This study highlights that during the summer holiday period, children experience greater increases in fatness and declines in fitness, with children who live with low-SES families and are overweight being more affected. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions during this period to address these negative health trends. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12618002008202. Retrospectively registered on 14 December 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Compartido, sí, pero todavía desigual. Pocos avances en el reparto de las tareas domésticas en Navarra.
- Author
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Miguel, Begoña Elizalde-San and de Rada Igúzquiza, Vidal Díaz
- Subjects
SATISFACTION ,HOUSEKEEPING ,TIME management ,GENDER - Abstract
Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Experience of Remote Work during Lockdown in Catalonia: A Gender Perspective.
- Author
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Moreno-Colom, Sara, Borràs Català, Vicent, Cruz Gómez, Irene, and Porcel López, Sergi
- Subjects
- *
TELECOMMUTING , *CATALANS , *GENDER inequality , *WORK experience (Employment) , *COVID-19 pandemic , *GENDER , *STAY-at-home orders - Abstract
The aim of this article is to contribute to the debate on the gender impact of telework, using the home lockdown of the Catalonian population during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Specifically, men’s and women’s experiences and evaluations of remote work are analysed based on a survey on time-use during the lockdown conducted by the Centre Estudis Opinió. The results indicate that the experience of remote work, far from fostering co-responsibility in domestic and care work, further reinforced the gender gap in reproductive labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to 'fit in' morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Brooker, Paige G., Gomersall, Sjaan R., King, Neil A., McMahon, Nicholas F., and Leveritt, Michael D.
- Subjects
- *
SEDENTARY lifestyles , *OBESITY , *AEROBIC exercises , *TIME , *EXERCISE physiology , *PHYSICAL activity , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *SLEEP duration , *EXERCISE intensity , *HEALTH behavior , *STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate changes in sedentary and active behaviors when previously inactive adults start exercising in the morning or evening. One-hundred adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited for a 12-week intervention and randomized to one of three groups: (i) morning exercise (AMEx; 0600–0900); (ii) evening exercise (PMEx; 1600–1900); or (iii) waitlist control. AMEx and PMEx were prescribed self-paced aerobic exercise to achieve a weekly total of 250 min via a combination of supervised and unsupervised training. Sedentary and active behavior times were measured at baseline, mid- and post-intervention using the multimedia activity recall for children and adults. Time spent engaging in physical activity was significantly increased from baseline at both mid- (+ 14–22 min·day−1) and post-intervention (+ 12–19 min·day−1), for AMEx and PMEx. At 12-weeks, participants in both morning and evening exercise groups reported increased time spent Sleeping (+ 36 and + 20 min·day−1, respecitively), and reduced time spent watching TV/playing videogames (− 32 and − 25 min·day−1, respectively). In response to an exercise stimulus, previously inactive adults make encouraging modifications in how they use their time, and the patterns of change are similar with morning and evening exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Analysis of sex, age and socioeconomic differences in time use: evidence from a Latin American country.
- Author
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Avolio, Beatrice and Moreno, Martín
- Abstract
This study researches the individual effects of sex, age, and socioeconomic status and their simultaneous effect on people's time use in the Latin American context. The study uses data from a large-scale survey carried out in Lima city (Peru) specifically for this study. Findings suggest that time use is not only differentiated by sex but is also differentiated by age and socioeconomic status. The results show that women dedicate fewer hours to Paid Productive Activities than men do for almost all age ranges and socioeconomic levels, except the young women (27 years and younger) in the higher socioeconomic category. The results show that young women who belong to higher socioeconomic categories are currently worse off than their counterparts from previous generations were due to the fact that although they have achieved gender equality in terms of Paid Productive Activities, they still remain the main individuals responsible for Unpaid Productive Activities in their households, and, additionally, they still try to dedicate the same amount of time to Personal Activities as men do. This can have significant consequences for those women’s work-life balance, as they are pressured to perform various activities simultaneously in order to compensate for the workload they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The impact evaluation of short repeated programs: The case of parenting skills programs.
- Author
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Del Boca D, Pronzato CD, and Schiavon L
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Adult, Parent-Child Relations, Parents education, Parents psychology, Child, Preschool, Parenting, Program Evaluation
- Abstract
In this article, we estimate a series of models to evaluate the effects of a short program in a context where randomization is not feasible but the program follows a cyclical pattern. We will focus empirically on a case study involving parenting skills courses, which have become increasingly popular. In order to evaluate the impact of the program on parents' and children outcomes, we employ two different methods. The first method compares the outcomes of families who have just finished the program with those who are about to start it; the second compares the outcomes of the same families over time. Furthermore, we propose a model to test whether families who enrolled early were systematically different from those who enrolled later. We find beneficial effects of the program on the importance of living in an area that offers opportunities and of having good quality relationships with friends and family; on the level of self-confidence in sharing one's experiences with other parents; and, in general, on the opinion that tablets and cell phones can be useful for learning, can give parents the opportunity to do something and can calm children. Moreover, we show that the families who access the course early are not random in every respect: they consistently assign higher importance to being well-integrated into a community and having access to culture for their well-being, and eventually, they utilize their time with children differently., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors acknowledge financial support from Con I Bambini. The authors declare that they have no known competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Procrastinación académica y uso escolar de Facebook en estudiantes universitarios.
- Author
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Velázquez Gatica, Belén
- Subjects
PROCRASTINATION ,VIRTUAL networks ,SOCIAL networks ,COLLEGE students ,STUDENT participation ,TIME management ,YOUNG adults - Abstract
Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
11. The time politics of migrant deportability: an intersectional analysis of deportation policy for non-citizen children in Belgium and the Netherlands
- Author
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Laura Cleton, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, and RS: GSBE MGSoG
- Subjects
Non citizens ,Intersectionality ,Deportation ,Politics ,Sociology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Political science ,Use of time ,Criminology ,Economic Development: Human Resources ,Human Development ,Income Distribution ,Migration ,Demography ,o15 - "Economic Development: Human Resources ,Migration" - Abstract
This article examines the use of time as a technology of migration control for the deportation of non-citizen children in Belgium and the Netherlands. The scarce literature on the 'time politics' of migration enforcement shows that states are under increasing pressure to speed up deportations, especially for non-citizens convicted of criminal offences. However, as immigration is increasingly linked to social, political and economic categories of personhood, making different immigrant groups subject to the logic of deportation in very specific ways, it is important to inquire separately how the positioning of children affects the policy measures taken towards them. This article is therefore based on an intersectional analysis of parliamentary inquiries, policy guidelines and 25 interviews with immigration officers. It shows that the pace of children's deportation procedures is highly asymmetrical and that it is premised on the intersectional markers of difference that are invoked in these policies, debates and implementation efforts. The intersections of age and parenthood, imbued with gender norms, racialisation and class, impact the sense of urgency or meticulousness devoted to individual cases and in turn the concrete measures taken to justify minors' deportation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Conciliación familiar de los tiempos cotidianos con hijos e hijas en educación primaria: impactos del confinamiento
- Author
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Caballo Villar, María Belén, Gradaílle Pernas, Rita, Martínez García, Rubén, Caballo Villar, María Belén, Gradaílle Pernas, Rita, and Martínez García, Rubén
- Abstract
The forced confinement due to COVID-19 had a strong impact on the organization of citizens’ time, changed daily routines and posed important challenges for families. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the reality of the work-life balance of families with children attending primary school in Spain, focusing on their main difficulties and on the study of family leisure time during this period. For this purpose, a descriptive quantitative methodology was used, making use of an ad hoc questionnaire applied telematically throughout the national territory. A total of 1,309 valid cases were obtained. The main results reveal that almost half of the participants felt that the reconciliation of their time worsened during confinement, with women being the ones who mostly saw their personal time reduced in order to attend to their different work and family responsibilities. Accompaniment in the completion of homework was the factor that most limited the management of family time and in which women were much more involved than parents, causing deep dissatisfaction in them as a result of the lack of time. For its part, confinement also influenced family leisure. During this period, families increased the time dedicated to sharing recreational activities, especially on weekends. In addition, they attached great importance to these shared times, claiming to have enjoyed them, which has had an impact on their personal growth. In conclusion, confinement had a significant and negative impact on the reconciliation of the families’ daily schedules, especially that of the mothers, and showed the importance of recovering time for shared family leisure., O confinamento forçado devido à COVID-19 teve um forte impacto na organização do tempo das pessoas, mudou as rotinas diárias e colocou importantes desafios às famílias. Assim, o objectivo deste documento é analisar a realidade do equilíbrio trabalho-vida nas famílias com crianças que frequentam a escola primária em Espanha, concentrando-se nas suas principais dificuldades e no estudo dos tempos livres da família durante este período. Para este efeito, foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa descritiva, utilizando um questionário desenvolvido ad hoc e aplicado telematicamente em todo o país. Foram obtidos um total de 1.309 casos válidos. Os principais resultados revelam que quase metade dos participantes sentiram que a reconciliação do seu tempo piorou durante o confinamento, sendo as mulheres as que mais viram o seu tempo pessoal reduzido a fim de atenderem às suas diferentes responsabilidades profissionais e familiares. Acompanhá-las com os seus trabalhos de casa foi o factor que mais limitou a gestão do tempo familiar e no qual as mulheres estiveram muito mais envolvidas do que os pais, causando uma profunda insatisfação entre as mulheres como consequência da falta de tempo. Pelo seu lado, o confinamento também influenciou o lazer familiar. Durante este período, as famílias aumentaram o tempo gasto em actividades de lazer, especialmente aos fins-de-semana. Além disso, atribuíram grande importância a estes tempos partilhados, afirmando tê-los desfrutado, o que teve um impacto no seu crescimento pessoal. Em conclusão, o confinamento teve um impacto significativo e negativo na reconciliação dos horários diários das famílias, especialmente o das mães, e sublinhou a importância de recuperar o tempo para o lazer familiar partilhado, El confinamiento obligado a causa de la COVID-19 impactó con fuerza en la organización de los tiempos de la ciudadanía, cambió las rutinas diarias y planteó importantes desafíos para las familias. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad de la conciliación de las familias con hijos e hijas escolarizadas en Educación Primaria en España, poniendo el foco en sus principales dificultades y en el estudio del tiempo de ocio familiar durante este período. Para ello, se recurrió a una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, haciendo uso de un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc aplicado de forma telemática en el territorio nacional. Se obtuvieron un total de 1.309 casos válidos. Los principales resultados revelan que casi la mitad de los participantes sintieron que la conciliación de sus tiempos empeoró durante el confinamiento, siendo las mujeres las que mayoritariamente vieron reducido su tiempo personal para atender a las distintas responsabilidades laborales y familiares. El acompañamiento en la realización de las tareas escolares fue el factor que más limitó la gestión de los tiempos familiares y en el que las mujeres se implicaron mucho más que los padres, provocando una profunda insatisfacción en ellas como consecuencia de la falta de tiempo. Por su parte, el confinamiento también influyó en el ocio familiar. Durante este período las familias incrementaron el tiempo dedicado a compartir actividades lúdicas, especialmente los fines de semana. Además, otorgaron una gran importancia a esos tiempos compartidos, afirmando haberlos disfrutado, lo que ha repercutido en su crecimiento personal. En conclusión, el confinamiento impactó de forma negativa en la conciliación de los tiempos cotidianos de las familias, principalmente en el de las madres y evidenció la importancia de recuperar tiempos para un ocio compartido en familia.
- Published
- 2023
13. Conciliación familiar de los tiempos cotidianos con hijos e hijas en educación primaria: impactos del confinamiento
- Author
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didáctica, Caballo Villar, María Belén, Gradaílle Pernas, Rita, Martínez García, Rubén, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Pedagoxía e Didáctica, Caballo Villar, María Belén, Gradaílle Pernas, Rita, and Martínez García, Rubén
- Abstract
El confinamiento obligado a causa de la COVID-19 impactó con fuerza en la organización de los tiempos de la ciudadanía, cambió las rutinas diarias y planteó importantes desafíos para las familias. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la realidad de la conciliación de las familias con hijos e hijas escolarizadas en Educación Primaria en España, poniendo el foco en sus principales dificultades y en el estudio del tiempo de ocio familiar durante este período. Para ello, se recurrió a una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, haciendo uso de un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc aplicado de forma telemática en el territorio nacional. Se obtuvieron un total de 1.309 casos válidos. Los principales resultados revelan que casi la mitad de los participantes sintieron que la conciliación de sus tiempos empeoró durante el confinamiento, siendo las mujeres las que mayoritariamente vieron reducido su tiempo personal para atender a las distintas responsabilidades laborales y familiares. El acompañamiento en la realización de las tareas escolares fue el factor que más limitó la gestión de los tiempos familiares y en el que las mujeres se implicaron mucho más que los padres, provocando una profunda insatisfacción en ellas como consecuencia de la falta de tiempo. Por su parte, el confinamiento también influyó en el ocio familiar. Durante este período las familias incrementaron el tiempo dedicado a compartir actividades lúdicas, especialmente los fines de semana. Además, otorgaron una gran importancia a esos tiempos compartidos, afirmando haberlos disfrutado, lo que ha repercutido en su crecimiento personal. En conclusión, el confinamiento impactó de forma negativa en la conciliación de los tiempos cotidianos de las familias, principalmente en el de las madres y evidenció la importancia de recuperar tiempos para un ocio compartido en familia, The forced confinement due to COVID-19 had a strong impact on the organization of citizens’ time, changed daily routines and posed important challenges for families. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the reality of the work-life balance of families with children attending primary school in Spain, focusing on their main difficulties and on the study of family leisure time during this period. For this purpose, a descriptive quantitative methodology was used, making use of an ad hoc questionnaire applied telematically throughout the national territory. A total of 1,309 valid cases were obtained. The main results reveal that almost half of the participants felt that the reconciliation of their time worsened during confinement, with women being the ones who mostly saw their personal time reduced in order to attend to their different work and family responsibilities. Accompaniment in the completion of homework was the factor that most limited the management of family time and in which women were much more involved than parents, causing deep dissatisfaction in them as a result of the lack of time. For its part, confinement also influenced family leisure. During this period, families increased the time dedicated to sharing recreational activities, especially on weekends. In addition, they attached great importance to these shared times, claiming to have enjoyed them, which has had an impact on their personal growth. In conclusion, confinement had a significant and negative impact on the reconciliation of the families’ daily schedules, especially that of the mothers, and showed the importance of recovering time for shared family leisure, O confinamento forçado devido à COVID-19 teve um forte impacto na organização do tempo das pessoas, mudou as rotinas diárias e colocou importantes desafios às famílias. Assim, o objectivo deste documento é analisar a realidade do equilíbrio trabalho-vida nas famílias com crianças que frequentam a escola primária em Espanha, concentrandose nas suas principais dificuldades e no estudo dos tempos livres da família durante este período. Para este efeito, foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa descritiva, utilizando um questionário desenvolvido ad hoc e aplicado telematicamente em todo o país. Foram obtidos um total de 1.309 casos válidos. Os principais resultados revelam que quase metade dos participantes sentiram que a reconciliação do seu tempo piorou durante o confinamento, sendo as mulheres as que mais viram o seu tempo pessoal reduzido a fim de atenderem às suas diferentes responsabilidades profissionais e familiares. Acompanhá-las com os seus trabalhos de casa foi o factor que mais limitou a gestão do tempo familiar e no qual as mulheres estiveram muito mais envolvidas do que os pais, causando uma profunda insatisfação entre as mulheres como consequência da falta de tempo. Pelo seu lado, o confinamento também influenciou o lazer familiar. Durante este período, as famílias aumentaram o tempo gasto em actividades de lazer, especialmente aos fins-de-semana. Além disso, atribuíram grande importância a estes tempos partilhados, afirmando tê-los desfrutado, o que teve um impacto no seu crescimento pessoal. Em conclusão, o confinamento teve um impacto significativo e negativo na reconciliação dos horários diários das famílias, especialmente o das mães, e sublinhou a importância de recuperar o tempo para o lazer familiar partilhado
- Published
- 2023
14. La experiencia del trabajo a distancia durante el confinamiento en Cataluña: una aproximación desde la perspectiva de género
- Author
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Moreno Colom, Sara, Borràs Català, Vicent, Cruz Gómez, Irene, Porcel López, Sergio, Moreno Colom, Sara, Borràs Català, Vicent, Cruz Gómez, Irene, and Porcel López, Sergio
- Abstract
The aim of this article is to contribute to the debate on the gender impact of telework, using the home lockdown of the Catalonian population during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Specifically, men’s and women’s experiences and evaluations of remote work are analysed based on a survey on time-use during the lockdown conducted by the Centre Estudis Opinió. The results indicate that the experience of remote work, far from fostering co-responsibility in domestic and care work, further reinforced the gender gap in reproductive labour., El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al debate sobre el impacto de género del teletrabajo, tomando como caso de estudio el confinamiento domiciliario de la población catalana durante los primeros meses de la pandemia de COVID-19. En concreto, se analizan las experiencias y valoraciones acerca del trabajo a distancia de hombres y mujeres a partir de la Encuesta sobre Uso del Tiempo y Confinamiento realizada por el Centre Estudis Opinió. Los resultados indican que la experiencia del trabajo a distancia, lejos de favorecer la corresponsabilidad en el trabajo doméstico y de cuidados, refuerza la brecha de género en el trabajo reproductivo.
- Published
- 2023
15. Classification of Medicinal Plants Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge and Sophora Flavescens Aiton Using GaoFen-6 and Multitemporal Sentinel-2 Data
- Author
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Xiao-Bo Zhang, Chun-Hong Zhang, Minhui Li, Cong-Cong Wang, and Ting-Ting Shi
- Subjects
Sophora flavescens ,Plant management ,Use of time ,Pattern analysis ,Astragalus mongholicus ,Forestry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Biology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Inner mongolia ,biology.organism_classification ,Medicinal plants ,Random forest - Abstract
Accurate information regarding cultivated areas of medicinal plants is useful for taking macro-level decisions for medicinal plant management and contingency plans. In this study, the capabilities and limitations of mapping Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Sophora flavescens Aiton using GaoFen-6 and multitemporal Sentinel-2 data were assessed through a case study in Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia, China. First, an object-based approach was used to produce a cropland mask based on the GaoFen-6 images. Then, different spectral indices were generated from multitemporal Sentinel-2 imagery acquired in 2019, and a temporal phonological pattern analysis was conducted. Subsequently, optimal feature selection was carried out for each of the crops (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Sophora flavescens Aiton and Zea mays L.). The selection was performed by sorting all features according to their global separability index and removing those whose contribution to the model accuracy was negligible. Finally, the medicinal crops were distinguished using the random forest classification algorithm. An overall accuracy and a kappa coefficient of 94.51% and 0.90 were achieved, respectively, demonstrating that the synergistic use of time series GaoFen-6 and Sentinel-2 data were more suitable for Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Sophora flavescens Aiton mapping.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The parental leave regime as a tool to achieve gender equality in Portugal
- Author
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Almeida, Ariana Delgado Mendonça Simões de and Palazzo, Nausica
- Subjects
Gender equality ,Use of time ,Work-life balance ,equilíbrio entre o trabalho e a vida pessoal ,Gender norms ,Licença de parentalidade ,Parental leave ,igualdade de género ,mercado de trabalho ,Labour market ,normas de género ,utilização do tempo ,Direito - Abstract
Reconhecer e valorizar o trabalho não remunerado das mulheres, assegurando simultaneamente a igualdade no acesso a recursos e igual estatuto na família e na sociedade, continua a ser um desafio a nível mundial. A mudança deste padrão exige que a parentalidade seja efectivamente integrada no mundo dos homens. Em Portugal, três décadas após o reconhecimento da licença de maternidade (em 1976), Portugal abandonou o modelo parental do "homem providenciador /mulher cuidadora" e em 2009 adoptou um regime orientado para a igualdade de género. Actualmente, para beneficiários da segurança social, prevê uma licença parental relativamente curta (quatro meses) após o parto (ou adopção), bem remunerada, e que pode ser alargada para cinco meses totalmente remunerados quando a licença é partilhada (para encorajar os pais a tirarem uma licença sozinhos depois da mãe voltar ao trabalho), com a opção de acrescentar um mês parcialmente remunerado. Seis semanas têm de ser gozadas pela mãe e a licença restante é flexível em termos de género. O modelo inclui uma licença totalmente paga de uso exclusivo do pai (25 dias), com um período inicial de utilização obrigatória (20 dias). Este trabalho tem dois objectivos. Primeiro, compreender a evolução do regime da licença de parentalidade a partir de uma perspectiva de igualdade de género, centrado nas alterações às modalidades de licença parental. Depois, analisar se, e como, o regime pode ser melhorado para se tornar um instrumento mais forte de promoção da igualdade de género em Portugal. Com base na análise da evolução do princípio da igualdade na Constituição Portuguesa e das disposições do Código do Trabalho sobre a parentalidade, conclui-se que as alterações feitas para promover a igualdade entre mulheres e homens no contexto do trabalho e da família, e a consequente utilização da licença parental pelos homens, têm apoiado uma importante mudança na normatividade social assimétrica que coloca nas mulheres a responsabilidade de cuidar. Além disso, a revisão bibliográfica indica que a licença parental partilhada é fundamental para combater normas de género desiguais e discriminatórias e apoiar uma maior igualdade no trabalho. Contudo, esta análise indica também que existem aspectos do regime português que podem ser melhorados para apoiar a mudança do sistema tradicional de género. Com recurso a uma análise comparativa funcional dos regimes progressivos da Suécia e Espanha, este trabalho apresenta recomendações para reforçar o regime português de licença parental como instrumento para alcançar a igualdade de género. Recognizing and valuing women’s unpaid work, while ensuring equal access to resources and to equal status within the family and in society, remains a challenge globally. Changing this pattern requires parenthood to be effectively integrated into men’s world. In Portugal, three decades after the recognition of maternity leave (in 1976) Portugal abandoned the “male breadwinner / female carer” parental model in 2009 and adopted a regime that is gender equality oriented. Currently, for parents with social security contributions this is a relatively short (four months), well compensated, post-natal (or adoption) parental leave, that can be expanded to five fully paid months when leave is shared (to encourage fathers to take home alone leave after the mother goes back to work), with the option of adding one partially-paid month. Six weeks have to be taken by the mother and the remaining leave is gender flexible. Importantly, the model includes a fully paid leave exclusively for the father (25 days), with an initial leave period of compulsory use (20 days). This work has two aims: the first is to understand the evolution of the parental leave regime from a gender equality lens, focusing on the changes to parental leave modalities. The second is to assess if, and how, the regime can be improved to become a stronger tool to promote gender equality in Portugal. Based on the analysis of the evolutions of the principle of equality in the Portuguese Constitution and the Labour Code’s provisions on parenthood, it concludes that the changes made to promote equality between women and men in the context of the work and family, and the resulting uptake of parental leave by men, have supported an important shift in the asymmetrical social normativity that places the responsibility of care on women. In addition, the literature review indicates that shared parental leave is instrumental to challenge unequal and discriminatory gender norms and support increased equality in the workplace. However, this review also identifies aspects of the Portuguese regime that could be improved to support challenging the traditional gender order. Therefore, supported by a functional comparative analysis of the progressive regimes of Sweden and Spain, this work provides recommendations that would enhance the Portuguese parental leave regime as a tool to achieve gender equality.
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- 2022
17. Opiniones y percepciones de las mujeres amas de casa sobre el trabajo de cuidos en Costa Rica 2017
- Author
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Sandoval-Carvajal , Irma and Cordero Cordero, Stephanie
- Subjects
amas de casa ,género ,percepciones ,uso del tiempo ,trabajo de cuidados, Costa Rica ,housewives ,gender ,perceptions ,use of time ,care work - Abstract
The following article presents the main results of a survey for housewives about the unpaid care work they do within their homes. In addition, a characterization of these women’s profile was made from the National Survey of Time Use, both from 2017. Among the main results, it was found that they are women with an average age of 42 years, with a low educational level, a fifth of them do not have social security, and they are women who dedicate to this work about 54 hours a week, compared to the 34 hours other women dedicate per week and well above the 14 hours men dedicate per week to this type of work. 62% of them consider that domestic work at home limits them to achieve economic autonomy, and seven out of ten perceive a low or medium level in their physical and mental well-being, due to the frequency of ailments, of which stress, fatigue, insomnia, and depression prevail. El siguiente artículo presenta los principales resultados de una encuesta de percepción a mujeres amas de casa sobre el trabajo de cuidados no remunerados que realizan dentro de sus hogares. Además, se realizó una caracterización a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo, ambas del 2017. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que son mujeres con una edad promedio de 42 años, con un nivel educativo bajo, una quinta parte no cuenta con seguro social, que dedican a este trabajo unas 54 horas semanales, en comparación con 34 horas que le dedican las otras mujeres y muy por encima de lo que le dedican a las 14 horas que le dedican los hombres. Un 62% considera que el trabajo doméstico dentro del hogar las limita para poder lograr una autonomía económica, siete de cada diez perciben un nivel bajo o medio en su bienestar físico y mental, debido a la frecuencia de padecimientos, de los cuales prevalece el estrés, cansancio, insomnio y depresión.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Observación de la procrastinación en estudiantes de la Sede Central en la Universidad Especializada de las Américas (2020)
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Caballero, Danysabel and Caballero, Danysabel
- Abstract
To establish the characteristics of the phenomenon of procrastination at the UDELAS Headquarters. A cross-sectional study was made of a sample per opportunity in the researcher's classrooms. The sample was 172 students. The level of postponement was measured in the jobs in general, which were relatively low, but significant. Time management, the opportunity to find a quiet place to study, the stress when presenting a work in class, and when working in a group, the stress of maintaining or obtaining a scholarship, was also observed, but the high degree of stress was important before the exams in a majority (47.1%) of students which allows taking measures by the teachers. Another finding was that a majority (47.1%) do not have the feeling of controlling time, which affects their schedules. In 90%, relatively low values are found, but they are so significant as to be considered in academic decisions. One of the most important limitations of the work was that the classrooms chosen by opportunity for the survey had an extremely high percentage of the female gender (93.6%), therefore it was not possible to make gender comparisons of procrastination. Another limitation of the work has been the problems of the COVID-19 pandemic that did not allow the necessary mobility to complete the phases of the investigation in the scheduled times. The practical application will be the development of an orientation plan for the equalization of students., Con el objetivo de establecer las características del fenómeno de la procrastinación en la Sede Central de la UDELAS, se hizo un estudio transversal, de una muestra por oportunidad en los salones de clase de la investigadora. La muestra fue de 172 estudiantes y se midió el nivel de postergación en los trabajos en general que resultaron relativamente bajos, pero significativos. También se observó el manejo del tiempo, la oportunidad de encontrar un lugar tranquilo para estudiar, el estrés al presentar un trabajo en clase, y al trabajar en grupo, el estrés por mantener o conseguir una beca, pero fue importante el alto grado de estrés ante los exámenes en una mayoría (47.1%) de estudiantes lo que permite tomar medidas por parte de los docentes. Otro hallazgo fue que una mayoría (47.1%) no tienen la sensación de controlar el tiempo, lo que afecta sus cronogramas. En un 90%, se encuentran valores relativamente bajos, pero sí son tan significativos como para ser considerados en las decisiones académicas. Una de las limitaciones más importantes del trabajo fue que los salones escogidos por oportunidad para la encuesta tenían un porcentaje muy elevado del género femenino (93.6%), por ello no se pudieron hacer comparaciones de género de la procrastinación. Otra limitación del trabajo han sido los problemas de la pandemia de la COVID-19 que no permitió la movilidad necesaria para completar las fases de la investigación en los tiempos programados. La aplicación práctica será la elaboración de un plan de orientación para la equiparación de los alumnos.
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- 2022
19. Opiniones y percepciones de las mujeres amas de casa sobre el trabajo de cuidos en Costa Rica 2017
- Author
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Sandoval, Irma, Cordero Cordero, Stephanie, Sandoval, Irma, and Cordero Cordero, Stephanie
- Abstract
The following article presents the main results of a survey for housewives about the unpaid care work they do within their homes. In addition, a characterization of these women’s profile was made from the National Survey of Time Use, both from 2017. Among the main results, it was found that they are women with an average age of 42 years, with a low educational level, a fifth of them do not have social security, and they are women who dedicate to this work about 54 hours a week, compared to the 34 hours other women dedicate per week and well above the 14 hours men dedicate per week to this type of work. 62% of them consider that domestic work at home limits them to achieve economic autonomy, and seven out of ten perceive a low or medium level in their physical and mental well-being, due to the frequency of ailments, of which stress, fatigue, insomnia, and depression prevail., El siguiente artículo presenta los principales resultados de una encuesta de percepción a mujeres amas de casa sobre el trabajo de cuidados no remunerados que realizan dentro de sus hogares. Además, se realizó una caracterización a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo, ambas del 2017. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que son mujeres con una edad promedio de 42 años, con un nivel educativo bajo, una quinta parte no cuenta con seguro social, que dedican a este trabajo unas 54 horas semanales, en comparación con 34 horas que le dedican las otras mujeres y muy por encima de lo que le dedican a las 14 horas que le dedican los hombres. Un 62% considera que el trabajo doméstico dentro del hogar las limita para poder lograr una autonomía económica, siete de cada diez perciben un nivel bajo o medio en su bienestar físico y mental, debido a la frecuencia de padecimientos, de los cuales prevalece el estrés, cansancio, insomnio y depresión.
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- 2022
20. Beyond Distribution.: An Empirical Study of Valuation and Gender Differences in Time Use.
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Basaure, Mauro, Yopo Díaz, Martina, Vera, Camilo, Güell, Pedro, Zilveti, Maya, Larenas, Evelyn, Díaz, Andrés, Basaure, Mauro, Yopo Díaz, Martina, Vera, Camilo, Güell, Pedro, Zilveti, Maya, Larenas, Evelyn, and Díaz, Andrés
- Abstract
The Santiago Life Survey (EVES in Spanish) contains questions on the valuations of time use, understood as the evaluation and desirability of its distribution. The results show that these evaluations do not always coincide with objective distributions, and that there is a contrast between how various uses of time are evaluated and how people want them to be. This occurs for certain activities and with marked gender differences. Women, for example, do not want to dedicate less time to childcare, even though they say they dedicate too much to it. These discrepancies show the need to consider the norms that guide the valuation of time use and not only how it is unequally distributed. Such norms not only reinforce gender inequalities, but also challenge them., La Encuesta vivir en Santiago (EVES) contiene preguntas sobre las valoraciones del uso del tiempo, entendidas como la evaluación y deseabilidad de su distribución. Los resultados muestran que dichas valoraciones no coinciden siempre con las distribuciones objetivas, y que hay un contraste entre cómo se evalúan los usos del tiempo y cómo se desea que ellos sean. Esto ocurre para determinadas actividades y con marcadas diferencias de género. Las mujeres, por ejemplo, no desean dedicarle menos tiempo al cuidado de los hijos, aunque digan dedicarles demasiado. Estas discrepancias muestran la necesidad de considerar las normas que guían la valoración del uso del tiempo y no solo cómo este se distribuye desigualmente. Dichas normas no solo refuerzan las desigualdades de género, sino que también las desafían.
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- 2022
21. The time use of managers in the vocational integrationAn empirical survey based on the NEBA-projects in Austria
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Koller, Daniela
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Zeitverwendung ,Führungskräfte ,Use of time ,Sozialwirtschaft ,Social Economy ,Netzwerk Berufliche Assistenz ,Führungsaufgaben ,Leadership tasks ,Professional Assistance Network ,Managers - Abstract
Die vorliegende Masterarbeit mit dem Titel „Die Zeitverwendung von Führungskräften in der Beruflichen Integration - Eine empirische Erhebung anhand der NEBA Projekte in Österreich“ beschäftigt sich mit der empirischen Erforschung der Zeitverwendung von Führungskräften in einem sozialwirtschaftlichen Handlungsfeld. Mittels qualitativem Forschungsdesign wird die individuelle Zeitverwendung von Führungskräften erhoben, wobei die inhaltliche Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit und speziell operative und strategische Führungsaufgaben im Fokus stehen. Konkret wurden Stellenbeschreibungen der Führungskräfte hinsichtlich Führungsaufgaben analysiert und im Anschluss wurden mit elf Proband*innen qualitative Interviews geführt. Ein weiterer besonderer Fokus lag in der Identifizierung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Generationen der Führungskräfte. Insgesamt konnten sechs Digital Natives und fünf Digital Immigrants ihre persönliche Zeitverwendung aus ihrer Perspektive schildern. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass vor allem operative Führungsaufgaben omnipräsent sind, weshalb die Führungskräfte eher am Reagieren statt Agieren und am Verwalten statt Gestalten sind. Sowohl Digital Natives als auch Digital Immigrants erleben eine positive Auswirkung der Digitalisierung auf ihre persönliche Zeitverwendung, obwohl Digital Immigrants tendenziell weniger aktiv technologische Tools in den Arbeitsalltag zur Erleichterung implementieren. Werden durch die Führungskräfte bewusste Entscheidungen getroffen, gelingt die Gestaltung der eigenen Zeitverwendung. This Master's thesis entitled "The use of time by managers in vocational integration - an empirical survey based on the NEBA projects in Austria" deals with empirical research into the use of time by managers in a social economy field of action. By means of a qualitative research design, the individual time use of managers is surveyed, with a focus on the content of the working time and especially on operative and strategic management tasks. Specifically, the job descriptions of the managers were analyzed with regard to management tasks and qualitative interviews were then conducted with eleven test persons. Another special focus was on identifying similarities and differences between the generations of managers. A total of six digital natives and five digital immigrants were able to describe their personal use of time from their perspective. The study comes to the conclusion that above all operational management tasks are omnipresent, which is why the leaders are more likely to react instead of act and to administer instead of create. Both digital natives and digital immigrants experience a positive impact of digitalization on their personal use of time, although digital immigrants tend to be less active in implementing technological tools in their everyday work to make it easier. If managers make conscious decisions, they succeed in shaping their own use of time. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022
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- 2022
22. How Parenting Courses Affect Families’ Time-Use? Evidence from an RCT Experiment in Italy
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Del Boca, Daniela, Pronzato, Chiara D., and Schiavon, Lucia
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I26 ,D1 ,parenting ,randomized controlled trial ,ddc:330 ,J13 ,educational activities ,use of time - Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of parenting courses on families' time use with their children in urban areas in Italy. Courses aimed at raising parental awareness of the importance of educational activities were offered in four cities (Naples, Reggio Emilia, Teramo and Palermo) within the framework of the social program "FA.C.E. Farsi Comunità Educanti". In order to conduct the impact evaluation, we designed a randomized controlled trial involving random assignment of the families (mostly mothers). At the end of the intervention, we administered an assessment questionnaire both to the treatment group, which took the course, and to the control group, which did not. Comparing the outcomes, we find that attending the course increased families' awareness of the importance of educational activities for children, reading often to the children and spending more time with them.
- Published
- 2022
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