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Acquiring the thickness field of a soap film from interference colors requires an accurate relationship between color and film thickness. Throughout the literature, an interference relation derived using monochromatic waves is widely used to calculate the colors of soap films illuminated by light sources with significant frequency bandwidths by applying the relation at a number of discrete wavelengths in the source, which assumes that the interfering waves are perfectly coherent. However, since the coherence between waves is expected to decrease with increasing film thickness, it is poorly understood when interference relations derived using monochromatic waves can be applied. In this study, an interference relation incorporating the coherence between interfering waves is derived. The effects of coherence on the interference colors of soap films are then studied by comparing the colors computed using each of these two interference relations for light sources with different frequency bandwidths. As the frequency bandwidth of the light source increases, the difference in the colors computed using each interference relation increases, which implies that the accuracy of the method involving the monochromatic relation decreases with increasing frequency bandwidth of the source. The findings of this study will allow for more accurate measurements of the thickness of soap films from their interference colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bangladesh, body soaps are very popular among consumers due to their flavors and low alkali content. The current study assesses the contamination of several trace metals (TMs) such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in some of the body soaps most commonly used in Bangladesh. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mn were found within the acceptable limits stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, in contrast, the concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb remained below the detection limit. Notably, the concentration of Cr in two soap samples (S-2, S-3) out of twenty-one soap samples exceeded the permissible limit stipulated by the WHO. Health risks associated with the TM intake via dermal routes were evaluated in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that no non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) are likely to occur owing to the use of those body soaps. The carcinogenic risk (CR) estimated for Cr revealed no possibility of probable carcinogenic diseases. Though the NCR and CR are unlikely to occur resulting from the long-term uses of these soaps, the present study provides baseline information on the possible contaminations of TMs in the beauty soaps that do not seem to have been reported so far in Bangladesh. In light of the above information, it can be concluded that the presence of TMs in the body soaps could be a warning for people in general thereby suggesting continuous monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Two photosensitizer agents were used: rose bengal and eosin alone and mixed with soap. Two other chemical compounds were used: active cable oil and soap. All these materials were compared with malathion as a conventional insecticide. The Egyptian mealybug Icerya aegyptiaca attacking ornamental–medicinal plants (acalypha and rose shrubs) and the black Parlatoria scale Parlatoria ziziphus attacking sour orange were evaluated against the tested materials. Results: The results obtained suggest that soap, rose bengal mixed, eosin mixed, malathion and active cable oil revealed potency in reducing the population of I. aegyptiaca by 57.24, 87.25, 75.62, 98.71 and 59.91%, respectively, on rose; and by 54.91, 82.64, 62.48, 96.67 and 48.13%, respectively, on acalypha shrubs; their potency on insects showed a significant difference on infested rose than on infested acalypha. The tested compounds revealed lower potency in reducing the population of P. ziziphus than malathion. Reduction percentages were 35.43, 40.39, 34.25, 91.81 and 28.21%, respectively. The accumulation potency of the tested compounds on two insects collectively, without regard to insect species, stages or infested plant species, was assessed at 51.49, 66.18, 55.86, 94.37 and 44.69, respectively. The obtained results confirmed that malathion was the most effective agent against both tested insects, followed by rose bengal mixed with soap, eosin mixed with soap, soap alone and active cable oil. Conclusions: The obtained results showed that rose bengal (as a photosensitizers) mixed with soap can be used as a promising agent against all tested insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale particle manipulation with single‐particle precision and further flexible patterning into functional structures is of huge potentials in many fields including bio‐optoelectronic sensing, colloidal lithography, and wearable devices. However, it is very challenging for the precision manipulation and flexible patterning of particles on complicated curved and functional substrates. In this work, opto‐thermal‐tension (OTT) mediated precision large‐scale particle manipulation and flexible patterning based on soap film are reported. Flexible manipulation and subsequent patterning of particles with single‐particle resolution is realized by optothermal regulated surface tension on soap films. Reconfigurable patterning of particle structures with different shapes as well as large‐scale ordered structures (up to 2000 particles) with particle sizes spanning two orders of magnitude (0.5–20 µm) is realized using this OTT mediation method. Importantly, due to the high flexibility of soap films, the patterned large‐scale particle structures can be non‐destructively transferred to curved and rough substrates, including rough iron pipe surface, leaf and skin surface. This OTT mediated method provides a new method for precision large‐scale particle manipulation and flexible patterning with high versatility on complicated functional substrates, with great potentials for optoelectronic and biophotonic sensing and wearable device design on different curved and rough functional substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Study of Older Adult Play Spaces (SOAPS) observation tool assesses the environmental quality of public space for supporting older adult play. Naturalistic observations were conducted using the SOAPS tool at three play spaces in an age-restricted community in Florida, USA. We found that the most effective play spaces have opportunity for structured, cooperative, rule-based play with flexible surrounding space that allows users to adapt it to their own desires. Integrating these overarching design principles allows space for creativity and bespoke focused use, sedentary and vigorous physical activity, individualized and group socialization, and impromptu as well as organized activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, I defend the claim that we can perceptually experience what objects afford when we engage with objects belonging to natural or artificial categorical high-level kinds. Experiencing affordances perceptually positions us to act in specific ways. The main aim of this study was to argue that this view has explanatory advantages over alternative views. An increasingly popular view within the philosophy of perception, most famously defended by Susanna Siegel, claims that we sometimes visually experience natural and artificial objects as belonging to categorical high-level kinds. When visually experiencing a lemon, one does not only experience its low-level properties such as shape and color, sometimes one also experiences the object as a lemon. A challenge arises when attempting to explain what happens when one experiences an object that is experientially indistinguishable from another object, yet these objects belong to different high-level categorical kinds. For instance, if someone perceptually experiences a lemon as a lemon, her experience can be considered as accurately representing or presenting a lemon. However, if the subject perceptually experiences a lemon-shaped soap bar, which cannot be discriminated from a real lemon by sight alone, the experience is deemed inaccurate because there is no real lemon present. The problem is that such a judgment seems counterintuitive; unlike with hallucinations and illusions, there seems to be nothing wrong with how the object appears. Therefore, it is difficult to understand how the mistake could be a perceptual mistake. I will first present arguments supporting the claim that when we visually encounter objects such as lemons, we sometimes also perceive the affordances of these objects--what they provide or offer us. I will further argue that this perspective on affordances offers a more compelling explanation than other alternative accounts when it comes to our perception of visually indistinguishable objects that nonetheless belong to categorically distinct high-level kinds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validating the theoretical work on Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) through experiments with an exceptionally clean and well-characterized initial condition has been a long-standing challenge. Experiments were conducted to study the three-dimensional RTI of an SF $_6$ –air interface at moderate Atwood numbers. A novel soap film technique was developed to create a discontinuous gaseous interface with controllable initial conditions. Spectrum analysis revealed that the initial perturbation of the soap film interface is half the size of an entire single-mode perturbation. The correlation between the initial interface perturbation and Atwood numbers was determined. Due to the steep and highly curved feature of the initial soap film interface, the early-time evolution of RTI exhibits significant nonlinearity. In the quasi-steady regime, various potential flow models accurately predict the late-time bubble velocities by considering the channel width as the perturbation wavelength. Differently, the late-time spike velocities are described by these potential flow models using the wavelength of the entire single-mode perturbation. These findings indicate that the bubble evolution is influenced primarily by the spatial constraint imposed by walls, while the spike evolution is influenced mainly by the initial curvature of the spike tip. Consequently, a recent potential flow model was adopted to describe the time-varying amplitude growth induced by RTI. Furthermore, the self-similar growth factors for bubbles and spikes were determined from experiments and compared with existing studies, revealing that a large amplitude in the initial soap film interface promotes the spike development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional method of monitoring hand hygiene (HH) based on specific indications does not ensure that HH is performed for all required indications during patient care. This study aimed to compare HH performance rates (HHPRs) based on specific indications versus overall patient care among nurses at a university hospital. The study retrospectively analyzed HH monitoring data for 1398 indications from 543 patients and 190 nurses. Observations were conducted continuously, tracking a single healthcare worker from before patient contact until the end of the contact within a 30‐min period. The indication‐based HHPR was found to be 89.1%, while the patient‐based HHPR was 78.1%. In the context of patient‐based HHPR, the lowest rates were observed among nurses in the emergency room (48.3%) and those with less than 1 year of work experience (66.7%). Moreover, the largest discrepancy between indication‐based and patient‐based HHPR was noted among emergency room nurses with less than 1 year of experience. This significant difference underscores the need for patient‐based HH monitoring, particularly for nurses in emergency settings and those with limited experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given |$ n \geq 2 $| and |$ k \in \{2, \ldots , n\} $|⁠ , we study the asymptotic behaviour of sequences of bounded |$C^{2}$| -domains, whose |$ k $| -th mean curvature functions converge in |$ L^{1} $| -norm to a constant. Under certain curvature assumptions, we prove that finite unions of mutually tangent balls are the only possible limits with respect to convergence in volume and perimeter. The key novelty of our statement lies in the fact that we do not assume bounds on the exterior or interior touching balls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addressing the soap opera's enduring vitality, this study focuses on the soap culture on the Russian-language Web (Runet). With the serials produced in Asia and Latin America at the center, this culture emerges as a vibrant site of transnational spectatorship and a crucial area to negotiate the interpersonal relationships and social values. A fundamental condition of this cross-border phenomenon is language translation predominantly performed by women. In foregrounding the case of the Hindi soap serial on the Runet, this paper examines the role of women translators as a driving force behind global television traffic and an important agent of soap imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing worldwide market for natural‐ingredient‐based cosmetic toiletries is fuelled by the awareness of the dangers of synthetic cosmetics and benefits of natural‐based cosmetics on the skincare and management of skin disorders. Besides naturally formulated cosmetics being biodegradable, they also contain ingredients which are chemically beneficial to human skin. Milk‐based cosmetics are very promising since milk is rich in essential components such as lactoferrins, vitamins, and lactic acids, which have shown therapeutic properties against disorders such as skin cancer, acne scars, and dandruff. One of the milk that is very promising in the cosmetics industry is the camel milk. Currently, there is limited information in literature regarding the use of camel milk in cosmetics and their benefits. Camel milk stands out from bovine milk following its unique therapeutic properties and chemical composition, making it a potential ingredient for skincare and haircare products such as bath soaps and shampoos. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on camel milk composition and evaluate the contribution of camel milk constituents to cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agroindustrial Technology / Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Two photosensitizer agents were used: rose bengal and eosin alone and mixed with soap. Two other chemical compounds were used: active cable oil and soap. All these materials were compared with malathion as a conventional insecticide. The Egyptian mealybug Icerya aegyptiaca attacking ornamental–medicinal plants (acalypha and rose shrubs) and the black Parlatoria scale Parlatoria ziziphus attacking sour orange were evaluated against the tested materials. Results The results obtained suggest that soap, rose bengal mixed, eosin mixed, malathion and active cable oil revealed potency in reducing the population of I. aegyptiaca by 57.24, 87.25, 75.62, 98.71 and 59.91%, respectively, on rose; and by 54.91, 82.64, 62.48, 96.67 and 48.13%, respectively, on acalypha shrubs; their potency on insects showed a significant difference on infested rose than on infested acalypha. The tested compounds revealed lower potency in reducing the population of P. ziziphus than malathion. Reduction percentages were 35.43, 40.39, 34.25, 91.81 and 28.21%, respectively. The accumulation potency of the tested compounds on two insects collectively, without regard to insect species, stages or infested plant species, was assessed at 51.49, 66.18, 55.86, 94.37 and 44.69, respectively. The obtained results confirmed that malathion was the most effective agent against both tested insects, followed by rose bengal mixed with soap, eosin mixed with soap, soap alone and active cable oil. Conclusions The obtained results showed that rose bengal (as a photosensitizers) mixed with soap can be used as a promising agent against all tested insects.

The service activity aims to increase students' knowledge and skills in processing natural coffee ingredients into soap to prevent disease transmission in the school environment. The method of implementing this service used training and education. This service partner was SD Negeri 5 Subagan, Karangasem District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. The evaluation instruments used in this service activity were pre-test and post-test instruments. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis, namely the Wilcoxon test (P

Many molecular systems and physical phenomena are controlled by local fluctuations and microscopic dynamical rearrangements of the constitutive interacting units that are often difficult to detect. This is the case, for example, of phase transitions, phase equilibria, nucleation events, and defect propagation, to mention a few. A detailed comprehension of local atomic environments and of their dynamic rearrangements is essential to understand such phenomena and also to draw structure–property relationships useful to unveil how to control complex molecular systems. Considerable progress in the development of advanced structural descriptors [e.g., Smooth Overlap of Atomic Position (SOAP), etc.] has certainly enhanced the representation of atomic-scale simulations data. However, despite such efforts, local dynamic environment rearrangements still remain difficult to elucidate. Here, exploiting the structurally rich description of atomic environments of SOAP and building on the concept of time-dependent local variations, we developed a SOAP-based descriptor, TimeSOAP (τSOAP), which essentially tracks time variations in local SOAP environments surrounding each molecule (i.e., each SOAP center) along ensemble trajectories. We demonstrate how analysis of the time-series τSOAP data and of their time derivatives allows us to detect dynamic domains and track instantaneous changes of local atomic arrangements (i.e., local fluctuations) in a variety of molecular systems. The approach is simple and general, and we expect that it will help shed light on a variety of complex dynamical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is spread through skin contact with water containing Schistosoma cercariae. Drug treatment has been the main control method, but it does not prevent reinfection. The use of soap can be a complementary measure to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study investigates the quantitative effect of different soaps on the mortality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Methodology: Four soaps including two powder soaps (Kleesoft and Omo) and two bar soaps (B29 and Rungu) which are used in a schistosomiasis-endemic Tanzanian village were studied. S. mansoni cercariae were exposed to powder soaps of 0 (control), 10, 50, 75, 100 and 1000 mg/L and to bar soaps of 0 (control), 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The highest concentration of 1000 mg/L was selected based on the laboratory-estimated average soap concentration during handwashing. Cercariae were observed under a microscope after 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of exposure to determine their survival. Conclusions: All four soaps can kill S. mansoni cercariae and this lethal effect was related to soap concentration and exposure time. At the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L, all cercariae were dead at 5 minutes post-exposure with two powder soaps and Rungu, while 100% cercarial death was achieved between 5 minutes to 15 minutes for B29. Almost all cercariae survived after being exposed to 10 mg/L powder soaps and 100 mg/L bar soaps for 60 minutes. Powder soaps were more lethal than bar soaps. Considering the widely varying concentrations of soap during real-world hygiene activities and the necessity for a very high soap concentration to eliminate all cercariae in a short 5-minute exposure, providing the efficacy of soap in preventing schistosomiasis becomes challenging. Future studies should investigate whether soap can influence alternative mechanisms such as creating a barrier to skin, thereby providing protection. Author summary: Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in low-resource countries where there is insufficient access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel has been the main control method, but it cannot protect against reinfection. With the increasing awareness of the importance of a multi-faceted control strategy, WASH has been recommended as one of the core strategic interventions for schistosomiasis control. The use of soap, one hygiene practice, might play a role in prevention by reducing human exposure to cercariae, thereby lowering the infection risk at transmission sites. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no detailed guidelines on how to use soap to prevent schistosomiasis in endemic areas. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficacy of four commercial Tanzanian soaps against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to understand soap lethality. The results provide scientific evidence of soap protection against schistosome cercariae and suggest that future studies should investigate other potential mechanisms by which soap may provide protection against cercariae (e.g. damaging them sufficiently to hinder penetration into the skin or protecting skin against cercarial penetration). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The normally acidic skin pH changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) to alkaline, which contributes to the associated skin-barrier dysfunction. Hence, acidic cleansers would be preferred, but such information is scarce. Objective: Guiding health-care providers and patients on selecting skin cleansers with a pH optimal for AD. Methods: A total of 250 products were tested: 37 soaps (32 bars, 5 liquid) and 213 syndets (14 bars, 199 liquid); 10% solutions were tested for pH by using a pH meter; pH values 6.65–7.35 were considered neutral. Results: The pH of the tested skin cleansers varied widely (3.59–10.83). All 37 soaps were highly alkaline. In the 14 syndet bars, the pH was neutral in 6, alkaline in 8, and acidic in none. In the 199 syndet liquids, the pH was acidic in 84.9%, neutral in 11.1%, and alkaline in 4.0%. The product’s pH was disclosed in none of the 37 soaps and in only 32 syndets (15%), of which 9 bars were labeled “balanced,” whose measured pH was neutral in 6 and alkaline in 3. Of the other 23 syndets, the labeled pH was referred to as “balanced” in 20 whose measured pH was neutral in 2 (6.80, 6.88) and acidic in 18 (3.59–6.59). The pH in the other three syndets was 4.25–6.00. Conclusion: All tested soaps had undesirable pH, whereas 84.9% of the liquid syndets were acidic (which is desirable) and 11.1% were neutral (which could be acceptable). Only 12.8% of the products disclosed the pH, an issue in need of improvement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for new technologies and related new biological materials for use in the cosmetics industry requires many studies and analyses of not only chemical but also physical properties. This study attempts to assess the properties of soap produced with the addition of crushed hazelnut shells. This additive is intended to improve the friction properties of the soap, which in turn enhances the quality of removing impurities from the skin. Friction tests for wet and dry skin were performed on an appropriately designed measuring station using the Texture Analyser XT plus device. The obtained results indicate an increase in dynamic friction value compared to the control sample. This work proposes an unconventional use of ground hazelnut shells as one of the additives in soap production to improve its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the key parameters improving the efficacy of natural soap production through the incorporation of various additives. The pivotal attributes under investigation were pH levels and foam height. Pomegranate seed, pomegranate seed oil, licorice, and varying amounts of licorice oil (ranging from 0-2%, w/w) were selected as controllable input variables for cold-process soap production. The Design-Expert Method guided the experimentation, with subsequent analysis of pH and foam height conducted on soap samples reflecting diverse compositions. The optimal soap sample emerged in experiment set number 19, featuring 1% additions of both pomegranate seed oil and licorice oil. Comprehensive analyses, including Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, color measurement, dissolution determination, moisture content assessment, alcohol-insoluble substance determination, and hardness testing, were performed on the optimal soap as well as a reference soap. Results revealed that the integration of natural oil-based additives into the process facilitated the production of soaps with quality characteristics equivalent to those of the reference sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract‐containing soap (JAUN‐CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement. Methods: Twenty healthy adult men and women aged 20–60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN‐CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules. Results: Using JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin‐improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives We assess how age, the presence of mature adults aged 45+ years, and recent deaths in rural households are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventative actions and the likelihood of getting vaccinated against the virus in Malawi during early stages of the pandemic. Methods We draw upon data from 2,187 rural Malawians who participated in a 2020 COVID-19 Phone Survey. We estimate the log odds of engaging in "low-cost" and "high-cost" COVID-19 preventative actions based on age, gender, household composition, and recent household deaths. Low-cost prevention efforts were washing hands with soap and water frequently, avoiding close contact with people when going out, and avoiding shaking hands. High-cost actions included staying at home and decreasing time spent close to people not living in their household. We also estimate the chances of acquiring the COVID-19 vaccine in early stages of its availability. Results Mature women (45+ years) in general and younger men (<45 years)—living with at least one mature adult in the household—were less likely than others to comply with low-cost actions. Mature men were more likely than younger men (<45 years) to take on high-cost actions. To some extent, individuals who experienced a recent family death were more likely to engage in high-cost COVID-19 preventative actions as well as getting vaccinated. Discussion Gendered age differences in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 offer hints of larger social norms affecting protective efforts. The analyses also inform future COVID-19 public health outreach efforts in Malawi and other rural SSA contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television serials are widely acclaimed as the most entertaining genre in India. Focusing on the characters' family lives in different settings gave the female audience a more profound and engaging experience. However, watching women in specific roles is not seen as a reflection of everyday reality by the female audience in the Anand Nagar slum in India but rather as un-existing characteristics or traits. However, such characters are actively watched and argumentatively recalled as 'bad women'. Watching female characters in negative roles triggered the respondents' emotional imbalance and negative feelings, but the audience reasoned that it was still entertaining to watch. Within the parameters of entertainment and reading text, this article examined the relationship between reading soaps and women's lives in the slums of Bhopal city in India. Leaning towards qualitative approaches and ethnography, this article looked into text, reception and the politics of pleasure in how women's audiences intersected with bad women characters and oppositional readings for deriving 'conscious or intended pleasure'. Thus, this study examined the paradoxical interaction between societal notions of 'bad women', conscious pleasure derived from women's portrayals and the realities of women in slums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human skin protects the organs, tissues, and systems of the body from the effects of external irritants and the acid-base state of the skin provides a significant barrier factor. The surface layer of the epidermis was studied using non-invasive potentiometry methods before and after applying daily hygiene products. The possibility of obtaining rapid assessments of the restoration of the protective function of human skin is shown to be an important factor in assessing the general condition of the microflora and the immune function of the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "quasi-constant" smooth overlap of atomic position and atom-centered symmetry function fingerprint manifolds recently discovered by Parsaeifard and Goedecker [J. Chem. Phys. 156, 034302 (2022)] are closely related to the degenerate pairs of configurations, which are known shortcomings of all low-body-order atom-density correlation representations of molecular structures. Configurations that are rigorously singular—which we demonstrate can only occur in finite, discrete sets and not as a continuous manifold—determine the complete failure of machine-learning models built on this class of descriptors. The "quasi-constant" manifolds, on the other hand, exhibit low but non-zero sensitivity to atomic displacements. As a consequence, for any such manifold, it is possible to optimize model parameters and the training set to mitigate their impact on learning even though this is often impractical and it is preferable to use descriptors that avoid both exact singularities and the associated numerical instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is uncontested that a machine learning scheme cannot correctly reproduce physical properties that vary on a manifold in configuration space if the fingerprint, used as an input for the machine learning scheme, is constant on this manifold. In our original paper, we found several manifolds whose fingerprint variation is sufficiently small to prevent machine learning based on a standard training scheme even if some 40 configurations on the manifold are included in the training set. Response to "Comment on 'Manifolds of quasi-constant SOAP and ACSF fingerprints and the resulting failure to machine learn four-body interactions'" [J. Chem. Phys. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract The present study investigated several properties such as friction, hardness, penetration work, and cutting forces in soaps formulated with apple and carrot pomace at varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. To gain insights into the molecular-level alterations within the formulated soap samples, they were spectroscopically analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The sliding friction analyses revealed that the investigated extrudate additives had no significant impact on the frictional forces of the soaps. However, notable differences were observed in the cutting force, hardness, and penetration work between the control and pomace-added samples. Excluding the control samples, no statistically significant distinctions were found between the cutting force, hardness, and work of penetration of soaps containing apple pomace and carrot pomace. Moreover, the quantity of pomace incorporated did not induce any significant variations in the results. The obtained samples were characterised at the molecular level using FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the other hand, alterations in band intensities suggested improved molecular packing of the compounds within the samples due to the presence of the additives.

Eye infections from bacterial contamination of bulk-refillable liquid soap dispensers and artificial tear eye drops continue to occur, resulting in adverse health outcomes that include impaired vision or eye enucleation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a common cause of eye infections, can grow in eye drop containers and refillable soap dispensers to high numbers. To assess the risk of eye infection, a quantitative microbial risk assessment for P. aeruginosa was conducted to predict the probability of an eye infection for two potential exposure scenarios: (i) individuals using bacteria-contaminated eye drops and (ii) contact lens wearers washing their hands with bacteria-contaminated liquid soap prior to placing the lens. The median risk of an eye infection using contaminated eye drops and hand soap for both single and multiple exposure events (per day) ranged from 10-1 to 10-4, with contaminated eye drops having the greater risk. The concentration of P. aeruginosa was identified as the parameter contributing the greatest variance on eye infection risk; therefore, the prevalence and level of bacterial contamination of the product would have the greatest influence on health risk. Using eye drops in a single-use container or with preservatives can mitigate bacterial growth, and using non-refillable soap dispensers is recommended to reduce contamination of hand soap. Given the opportunistic nature of P. aeruginosa and its ability to thrive in unique environments, additional safeguards to mitigate bacterial growth and exposure are warranted. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a pathogen that can persist in a variety of unusual environments and continues to pose a significant risk for public health. This quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) estimates the potential human health risks, specifically for eye infections, associated with exposure to P. aeruginosa in bacteria-contaminated artificial tear eye drops and hand soap. This study applies the risk assessment framework of QMRA to evaluate eye infection risks through both consumer products. The study examines the prevalence of this pathogen in eye drops and soap, as well as the critical need to implement measures that will mitigate bacterial exposure (e.g., single-use soap dispensers and eye drops with preservatives). Additionally, limitations and challenges are discussed, including the need to incorporate data regarding consumer practices, which may improve exposure assessments and health risk estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Web service-based applications are applications that use Restful to exchange data over the network and interact directly with other applications. One of the advantages of web service-based applications is that many applications can access services on different platforms. This is very beneficial in the business sector if a company or organization builds applications on a large scale, and application development is carried out in stages. With the characteristics of web service-based applications, namely a neutral platform, it is very easy to integrate systems when the development process is carried out in stages. Therefore, this research will design a web service-based application based on business processes, especially Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) between PT ABC Credit Guarantee Company and PT Bank XYZ. The methods used are Thomas Erl's SOA methods and SOMA. The results obtained are a method that will be a guide for producing web service-based KUR Online Guarantee applications with PT Bank XYZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promising method for disposal the pine wood waste through extrusion pelleting using sulphate soap as a natural binder is considered in the article. Prior to pelleting, the wood waste requires drying to a water content of no more than 10%. Analysis of pine wood waste drying in filtration mode yielded optimal parameters: a 20 mm layer thickness, temperature of 135 °C, and drying time of 3,900 s. The optimal content of sulphate soap binder was determined to be about 20%, resulting in reduced coke residue, increased volatile components, higher calorific value, and enhanced static strength. This binder facilitates formation of pellets at lower pressures, increases calorific value, and acts as a lubricant, reducing friction and associated energy costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has presented a comprehensive literature study and discusses the primary problem of network congestion and bottlenecks in XML applications. The explosive growth of Web services has caused a significant problem in network traffic due to the largely repetitive XML textual structures. The challenge of XML message size reduction in web services has been examined, focusing on new approaches such as compression methods and message clustering for Aggregation and compression of XML messages efficiently. The goal is to examine how different strategies affect network traffic. This overview discusses twenty-five publications categorized into four: compression techniques, aggregation approaches, clustering for web services aggregation approaches, and other web services clustering models. In comparison to all models, evaluation has shown that web service clustering solutions efficiently reduce traffic. Technically, the web service clustering for aggregation models has achieved an excellent average compression ratio of up to (14.12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]