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Habitat loss and fragmentation significantly affect avian breeding success. East-central Argentina's few native forests have become increasingly degraded by humans over time. Understanding the relationship between forest health and nesting success is critical since this information will be valuable as a point of comparison with future research if management actions are not taken. The study had two objectives: 1) describe the nesting biology of the Small-billed Elaenia (Elaenia parvirostris) and 2) assess whether a set of habitat features and time-specific variables had an effect on nest survival. We monitored 99 nests during three breeding seasons (2015–2018). Of all nests, 39% were successful, with predation causing the majority of nest failures (59%). We did not find important effects of habitat features on daily nest survival rate (DNSR). There was a cubic effect of nest age on the DNSR. Estimates of the cumulative probability to survive the entire nesting cycle was 41.2% (55.5% for egg laying, 16.1% for incubation, and 52% for nestling period). Our results add to the scientific understanding of life history strategies for south temperate birds while highlighting the need for additional research on native forest disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant used after organ transplantation to prevent graft rejection. It involves long-term usage which may be associated with detrimental effects. This research aims to investigate the effects of Tacrolimus intake on the reproductive efficiency of mice. Tacrolimus was administered to the test group in doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, while the control groups (positive and negative) were administered 1 ml/kg of distilled water and 20 % methanol, respectively. Reproductive parameters were measured following standard procedure. Male mice in the test group experienced a significant decrease (P<0.05) in their testes, epididymis, and sperm count compared to the control group. The oestrogen levels and gestation index of female mice in the test groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in a dosedependent manner, along with the litter size and weight, in relation to the control group. However, the life birth index of mice did not vary significantly (P>0.05). There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean values of male and female reproductive parameters. This study has showcases that Tacrolimus capsule intake could cause reproductive organ malfunction and impair potency and fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, is one of the most cosmopolitan key insect pests and its rearing is vital for integrated pest management. The goal of this research is to assess three diverse artificial diets for H. armigera rearing using common bean seed flour, chickpea seed flour or cotton seed flour, as basic constituent, along with other ingredients in similar proportions. Cotton flour-based artificial diet offered higher viability in egg, larva, prepupa, pupa and adult stages, and less developmental time (38.25 days) than chickpea flour-based (43.60 days) and bean flour-based (48.00 days) diets. Neonates reared on the cottonseed flour-based diet obtained excellent nutrition because cotton seeds have high contents of protein, oil, fibre and starch along with other minor compounds, compared to chickpea and bean seed-derived flours. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase on the cotton-based diet were also superior for successive generations. It is concluded that although H. armigera larvae developed faster on cotton flour-based diet, results obtained on chickpea and bean flour-based diets tested can also be considered reasonably adequate for short and long periods of mass rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice stripe virus (RSV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent and circulative–propagative manner. During the last few decades, RSV has caused serious disease outbreaks in rice fields in China. The results of long-term coevolution have led to complex and diverse relationships between viruses and vector insects, and understanding these interactions is critical for the management of diseases and vector organisms. In this study, three groups of comparative experiments were performed to investigate the effects of RSV infection on the reproductive parameters, vitellogenin (Vg), and Vg receptor (VgR) expressions of L. striatellus. The results showed that RSV infection promoted the fecundity, hatchability, and Vg and VgR expressions of L. striatellus but had no effect on the preoviposition period and oviposition period. Furthermore, the RNA interference of the nucleocapsid protein (CP) gene and the injection of the CP antibody in RSV-viruliferous L. striatellus reduced the fecundity, hatchability, and Vg and VgR expressions, further strengthening the hypothesis that RSV may manipulate the reproductive behavior of insect vectors to promote its own transmission. The results of this study can further reveal the interaction mechanism of virus–vector insects in reproduction and virus transmission, and provide new insights for the control of insect-borne viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duck production is often considered advantageous compared to other poultry species due to its lower care and management requirements. However, intensive duck farming necessitates balanced nutrition and additional feed supplements to achieve optimal profitability. In addition to high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals, Moringa leaves are rich in various bioactive compounds, and their dietary supplementation is proven to improve the production and reproduction performances of animals and birds. The present study was conducted to reveal the effect of Moringa leaf powder (MLP) in duck ration. The experiment was conducted with different percentages of MLP (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) supplemented to basal ration of Pekin duck. It was observed that supplementing duck feed with 4% MLP is optimal for improving production and reproduction parameters. This supplementation boosts mature body weight and live weight gain by lowering the feed conversion ratio (FCR), increasing dressing percentage, and decreasing triglycerides and cholesterol levels in blood lipids without negatively affecting other blood parameters. Most importantly, the ducks fed with 4% MLP-supplemented diet reached sexual maturity 7-10 days earlier than other MLP-treated or control groups. Moreover, MLP supplementation enhances the fertility and hatchability of ducks. Notably, the semen volume and sperm quality parameters, including sperm total motility, progressive motility, viability and concentration with reduced sperm abnormality in drakes fed with 4% MLP compared to other MLP-treated and control groups. Therefore, it can be suggested that 4% MLP can be used in duck ration to enhance the productive and reproductive profile of ducks. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2024; 7(3.000): 507-519]

Background: The potential impact of aqueous extracts from Psidium guajava leaves on the reproductive system of female rabbits was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rabbits, aged five to six months were utilized. Rabbits were divided into four groups and were randomly assigned to receive one of the following oral doses of the guava leaf extracts: 0 (control group), 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of body weight. After a treatment period of 30 days, blood was collected via jugular venipunture and the serum was extracted for the assessment of serum biochemical traits levels. The females were bred and monitored throughout their pregnancy to ascertain reproductive outcomes. Results: The results indicated that the guava leaf extract significantly increased the body weight of the rabbits during both pre- and post-pregnancy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The litter size at three weeks post-birth, prolificity rate, FSH, LH, and protein levels were notably higher (p < 0.05) at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. The viability rate three weeks post-birth increased with escalating extract doses, and the highest values were observed at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that, the aqueous extract of guava leaves appears to stimulate the production of FSH, LH and enhance body weight, prolificity, and pregnancy outcomes in mammals. As such, it is suggested that a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight could be beneficial in improving the reproductive performance of female.

Pyrethroid‐resistance is an emergent trait in populations of various insect species. For Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the major vector of Chagas disease in the southern part of South America, hotspot areas of pyrethroid‐resistance have recently been found in the Chaco Province of Argentina. Resistant condition can reduce fitness of individuals in the absence of insecticide exposure, that is, fitness costs. We evaluated the existence of developmental and/or reproductive costs in T. infestans collected from two areas of pyrethroid‐resistance in Chaco Province, Argentina. Three toxicological groups were defined from field‐collected insects: susceptible (survival <20%), moderately resistant (survival between 20% and 80%) and highly resistant (survival >80%). Cohorts of the three toxicological groups were followed‐up to study life cycle and reproductive parameters. Additionally, we parameterized matrix population growth models. First and IV nymphal stages of the resistant groups exhibited a longer stage duration than susceptible ones. The reproductive days and hatching success showed significant lower values revealing reproductive costs for the resistant groups. Matrix analysis showed lower population growth rates for the resistant groups. Our results support developmental and reproductive costs for pyrethroid‐resistant individuals. This trait could be interpreted as lower population recovery ability for pyrethroid‐resistant individuals compared to susceptible insects after alternative vector control actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cowbirds brood parasitism has a detrimental effect on the breeding success of their hosts. The occurrence of parasitism observed may be related to environmental features at landscape or nest-site scales. Such relationships have been assessed for the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in the large forests of the northern hemisphere. Here, we present a study conducted on the Shiny Cowbird (M. bonariensis) in native forests of the southern hemisphere in Argentina. These forests are characterised as semi-open woodlands, with forest fragments of variable sizes immersed in native grasslands. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Shiny Cowbird brood parasitism on the breeding success of a native passerine, the Masked Gnatcatcher (Polioptila dumicola), and to assess the relationship of its occurrence with environmental features at landscape and nest-site scales. During three breeding seasons (2015–2018) we monitored 207 gnatcatcher nests of which 70 were parasitised. Brood parasitism was the cause of nest failure in 60% of the parasitised nests. In addition, breeding success measured by apparent nest success, egg survival, hatching success and nestling survival were significantly lower for parasitised nests than for non-parasitised nests. Brood parasitism occurrence was negatively associated with forest cover, where nests located in sites with less forest cover experienced a higher occurrence of parasitism than those with greater cover. As these native semi-open forests face a continuous decline, our results add to the evidence of negative impacts of deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate if there are natural killer (NK) cells in endometrial fluid (EF) and their relationship with the endometrial cycle and reproductive parameters. Methods: The population under study consisted of 43 women aged 18–40 undergoing infertility workup at our University Hospital in 2021–2022. The EF samples were obtained at the first visit to our unit, on occasion of the mock embryo transfer. The day of the cycle was considered only in cycles of 27–29 days. An immunophenotype study of NK in EF was performed by flow cytometry analysis. In a subgroup of women, on the same day, NK was studied in EF and peripheral blood. Results: Our study is the first to evidence NK cells in EF. None of the NK cells observed corresponded to a mature peripheral blood NK cell population (stages 4–5), and neither endometrial nor decidual uNK cells were detected. Nevertheless, we found 2 patient groups with an NK cell subset with a higher expression of CD16+, which could belong to an intermediate or transient stage between the uNK and pbNK NK cell population in the EF. We found that CD16 was significantly increased in the mid-late luteal phase and its correlation with the day of the cycle. The NK immunophenotype was different in EF and peripheral blood. Conclusion: We described a new component of the EF, the NK cells, whose CD16 activity is closely correlated with the day of the cycle. These cells could play a role in implantation/implantation failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming may have a significant negative impact on insects in the tropics due to an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Heat waves may have a particularly harsh impact on the relatively sessile juvenile stages of holometabolous insects, such as larvae and pupae. The honey bee (Apismellifera L.) is an important tropical holometabolous insect whose queens and drones may also be negatively impacted by heat waves during their development, leading to reduced reproductive capacity. However, we have little information on the thermal tolerance of honey bee subspecies in tropical regions. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the effect of simulated heat waves during development on drones and queens of Africanized A.mellifera in terms of the size, shape, and symmetry of their forewings, as well as their reproductive traits such as sperm concentration and viability in drones, and ovariole number and spermatheca volume in queens. Drones raised at high temperatures were more asymmetric in forewing size but not in shape, and had a smaller body size and reduced sperm concentration and viability compared to those raised at normal hive temperatures. In contrast, no effect of an elevated temperature regime during development was seen in queens in terms of the size and symmetry of the forewing, the number of ovarioles, and the volume of the spermatheca. Our results support the notion that males of insects are more susceptible to high temperatures compared to females. We discuss the implications of our findings for the reproductive fitness of honey bee colonies in tropical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossbreeding allows taking advantage of additive genetic differences between breeds, they also allow making use of heterosis and complementarity. Therefore, it is necessary to generate information on the efficacy of crosses compared to pure breeds under the conditions of interest. The objective was to quantify the impact of additive and non-additive genetic effects for days to first estrus (DFE), days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), services per conception (SPC), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL). The productive and genealogical information of females from a diallel between Holstein (HO) and Brown Swiss (BS), a total of 148 cows of the breeds HO (n=43), BS (n=64) and their reciprocal crosses HO-BS (n=20) and BS-HO (n=21), was used. Contrasts were used to estimate individual heterosis and differences between direct genetic effects and between maternal genetic effects based on Dickerson models. The results showed that heterosis and differences between maternal effects were not significant (P>0.05) for any of the traits studied. Differences between direct genetic effects were only important (P<0.05) for SPC and GL. In conclusion, the heterosis generated by the crossbreeding between HO and BS did not influence the reproductive efficiency of females. Maternal effects were not different between HO and BS. Direct genetic effects for SPC and GL favored the BS breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dystocia is an important limiting factor in animal breeding due to its cost, stress for the mother and risk of death for the neonates. Assessment of incidence and characteristics of dystocia and the inherent risk of Cesarean section are of major importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Bernese Mountain Dogs in Switzerland, with a particular focus on the prevalence of Cesarean sections due to dystocia, and identification of possible risk factors. Results The investigated population included 401 bitches, 207 sires, and 1127 litters. Litter size was significantly influenced by age and parity of the dam. Incidence of Cesarean section was 30.4%, with 2.0% of procedures being elective. History of previous Cesarean section, age of the dam, and a small litter size significantly influenced the risk for Cesarean section. The stillbirth rate was 12.0%, and the number of stillborn pups was significantly higher for litters delivered by Cesarean sections after birth of the first pup. The inbreeding coefficient had a low to non-significant impact on all reproductive parameters (e.g., litter size, number of stillborn pups). Conclusion The sample of Bernese Mountain Dogs of our study had an increased prevalence of Cesarean sections compared to the literature, and advanced age of the dam, litter size and prior Cesarean sections in the dam’s reproductive history was identified as significantly influencing factors. In order to improve pups’ survival rate, elective Cesarean section may be indicated in bitches that have had a previous Cesarean-section/s, are of advanced age, and/or have a small litter.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of first-calving age (FCA) on yield parameters and productive life in dairy farms using a robotic milking system in Turkey. The cows (n = 1579) were divided into five groups (24, 25, 26, 27, 28 months and above FCA. The average milk yield was highest in 24 months of FCA (9140.31 ± 145.55 kg) and was lowest in 27 months of FCA (8534.55 ± 131.00 kg) (p

Monk Parakeets are considered one of the most invasive bird species given its unique capacity among psittacines to build their own communal nests. Originally introduced as pets in houses from where they escaped or were released, they are currently considered invasive in more than 20 countries worldwide. This is the case in Chile, where Monk Parakeets were introduced during the 1970s. Between 2016 and 2019 we searched Monk Parakeets’ nests structures in the Santiago metropolis region. We identified 1458 Monk Parakeets’ communal nests on 546 trees belonging to 34 tree species. Ninety-one percent of the occupied trees were also introduced. Paraná pine and cedar of Lebanon were the tree species with highest abundance of nests, averaging more than four nests/tree/species, with 23 and 18 maximum number of nests, respectively. Tasmanian blue gum and black locust were selected by parakeets more often than expected, based on availability. From all trees, 24.6% denoted health problems and 47.3% were pruned. The average nest height was 14.2 m and nests were observed mainly in secondary branches (59.3%). The occupancy rate was 89.7% and was associated to nest height and type of branch. During two reproductive seasons we quantified eggs and nestlings in chambers averaging 4.5 and 4.2, respectively. We provide a rough population size estimate and the characteristics of Monk Parakeets nest and tree selectivity, aiming to characterize several decades of a neglected urban invasion to warrant strategies for improved management measures.

Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rice stripe virus (RSV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent and circulative–propagative manner. During the last few decades, RSV has caused serious disease outbreaks in rice fields in China. The results of long-term coevolution have led to complex and diverse relationships between viruses and vector insects, and understanding these interactions is critical for the management of diseases and vector organisms. In this study, three groups of comparative experiments were performed to investigate the effects of RSV infection on the reproductive parameters, vitellogenin (Vg), and Vg receptor (VgR) expressions of L. striatellus. The results showed that RSV infection promoted the fecundity, hatchability, and Vg and VgR expressions of L. striatellus but had no effect on the preoviposition period and oviposition period. Furthermore, the RNA interference of the nucleocapsid protein (CP) gene and the injection of the CP antibody in RSV-viruliferous L. striatellus reduced the fecundity, hatchability, and Vg and VgR expressions, further strengthening the hypothesis that RSV may manipulate the reproductive behavior of insect vectors to promote its own transmission. The results of this study can further reveal the interaction mechanism of virus–vector insects in reproduction and virus transmission, and provide new insights for the control of insect-borne viruses.

Simple Summary: The aim of this research was to study the effect of MTNR1A gene polymorphisms on the reproductive performance of two Mediterranean sheep breeds. A total of 26 SNPs were found, and three SNPs caused amino acid changes. Two SNPs were totally linked and correlated with reproductive activity resumption. This study consists of a piece of new useful knowledge for the control of sheep reproductive seasonality and farm management that could improve genetic selection, especially in countries where agriculture relies mainly on sheep farming. Sheep farming plays an important economic role, and it contributes to the livelihoods of many rural poor in several regions worldwide and particularly in Tunisia. Therefore, the steady improvement of ewes' reproductive performance is a pressing need. The MTNR1A gene has been identified as an important candidate gene that plays a key role in sheep reproduction and its sexual inactivity. It is involved in the control of photoperiod-induced seasonality mediated by melatonin secretion. The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in the MTNR1A gene in two Tunisian breeds, Barbarine (B) and Queue Fine de l'Ouest (QFO). DNA extracted from the blood of 77 adult ewes was sequenced. Selected ewes were exposed to adult fertile rams. A total of 26 SNPs were detected; 15 SNPs in the promoter region and 11 SNPs in the exon II were observed in both (B) and (QFO) breeds. The SNP rs602330706 in exon II is a novel SNP detected for the first time only in the (B) breed. The SNPs rs430181568 and rs40738822721 (SNP18 and SNP20 in our study, respectively) were totally linked in this study and can be considered a single marker. DTL was associated with SNP18 and SNP20 in (B) ewes (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected between the three genotypes (G/G, G/A, and A/A) at these two SNPs. Fertility rate and litter size parameters were not affected by SNP18 and SNP20. There was an association between these two polymorphisms and (B) lambs' birth weights (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ewes with the A/A genotype gave birth to lambs with a higher weight compared to the other two genotypes for this breed (p < 0.05). There was not an association between SNP 18 and SNP20 and (QFO) ewes' reproductive parameters. These results might be considered in future sheep selection programs for reproductive genetic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) administration on ovulation rate and oviposition pattern parameters in Lohmann Brown (LB) layers was evaluated. The study was carried out in two phases (Phase I and II). In Phase I (Non-mating Phase), eighteen (18) LB hens were administered CC orally at 15 mg/kg body weight for six weeks (stimulatory stage) followed by withdrawal for another six weeks (withdrawal stage) in a repeated measures completely randomized design. In the Mating Phase (Phase II), 18 LB hens (6 per group) were bred by three ISA Brown cocks (1 cock per six hens). The hens in Phase II were subjected to oral CC treatment at three levels (CC-free, orally-administered CC, CC withdrawal) for six weeks in a single-factor completely randomized design. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and GraphPad InStat software. In Phase I, ovulation rate, total number of eggs laid and oviposition pattern parameters (total egg sequence, total egg sequence length, total laying pause and total inter sequence pause) during CC administration were significantly different (P<0.05) from corresponding parameters after CC withdrawal. With the exception of total egg sequence, all other parameters were higher in LB hens undergoing CC withdrawal when compared with their corresponding values during CC treatment. With respect to Phase II, ovulation rate were significantly (P<0.05) different across CC treatment levels. In conclusion, CC administration during the Phase I influenced all reproductive parameters. During the Phase II, ovulation rate alone was affected by CC treatment. Therefore, administration of CC orally at 15 mg/kg is recommended for the improvement of ovulation rate and oviposition pattern parameters in LB hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emamectin benzoate is an avermectin bio-insecticide commonly used for managing several insect pests including Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major polyphagous pest of many cultivated crops. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of emamectin benzoate on the fitness of S. litura populations exhibiting differential susceptibility to insecticide. The selection process and all the bioassays were carried out using 6-day-old 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. A field-collected population of S. litura was divided into two groups: one selected with emamectin benzoate for eight generations (EB-Sel) and the other kept unexposed (Unsel-Lab) to insecticide in the laboratory. An increase in resistance ratio from 1.71-fold in the F 1 generation to 22.54-fold in the F 8 generation of the EB-Sel population was observed compared to the Unsel-Lab (F 8) population. The EB-Sel and Unsel-Lab populations were treated with their respective lethal and sub-lethal concentrations which resulted in an extended development period, decreased larval survival, and adult emergence along with increased morphological abnormalities in adults. Significant reductions were observed in both male and female longevity, fecundity, egg hatching, net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r m), and finite rate of increase (λ) in EB-Sel and Unsel-Lab populations. Higher concentrations of the insecticide also reduced the relative fitness (R f) of S. litura larvae, with maximum effect at LC 50 of the EB-Sel population where the R f value was 0.32 compared to the Unsel-Lab population. Both populations have been affected by emamectin benzoate exposure, however, the impact was more pronounced in the EB-Sel population indicating fitness costs. Our results suggested the fitness cost linked to emamectin benzoate resistance in S. litura which might favor managing insecticide resistance by reducing the frequency of resistant alleles by removing selection pressure. Consequently, our research provides significant insights to devise better pest management strategies for S. litura. [Display omitted] • Spodoptera litura was collected from fields and exposed to emamectin benzoate for eight generations. • The selection pressure increases resistance ratio in selected population to 22.54-fold compared to unselected population. • The insecticide exposure adversely impacted the life history traits of S. litura. • The relative fitness value of the selected strain was significantly low compared to unselected population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Interbreed differences in hormonal adipokine profiles in plasma and pituitary. • Adipokine variability across estrous cycle phases. • Correlation analysis of adipokines with metabolic and reproductive parameters. • Importance of breed-dependent correlations between Large White and Meishan pigs. • The potential impact of adipokines on metabolic and reproductive processes in swine. Adipokines play crucial roles in both reproductive and energy metabolic processes. This study aimed to compare the hormonal plasma profile of adiponectin, apelin, vaspin, chemerin, resistin, visfatin, and adipolin, and the expression of their receptors in the anterior pituitary (AP) between normal-weight Large White (LW) and fat Meishan (MS) pigs during different phases of the estrous cycle. We measured adipokine levels in the plasma and assessed their gene expression in the AP. We used Pearson's correlation analysis to examine potential links between adipokines levels, their receptors, and metabolic parameters (body weight; backfat thickness) and reproductive parameters (pituitary weight; age at puberty; levels of gonadotropins, steroid hormones; and gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and gonadotropins in AP). The plasma levels of the evaluated adipokines fluctuated with phase and breed, except for visfatin and adipolin. Moreover, adipokine expression in AP varied significantly between breeds and estrous cycle phases, except for resistin receptor CAP1. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between plasma levels of adiponectin and its transcript in the AP only in MS pigs. Apelin gene expression correlated negatively with its receptor in MS, while we observed a breed-dependent correlation between chemerin gene expression and its receptor CMKLR1. We identified significant positive or negative correlations between adipokines or their receptor levels in plasma and AP as well as metabolic or reproductive parameters, depending on the breed. In conclusion, we have demonstrated breed-specific and estrous cycle-dependent regulation of adipokines in AP, underscoring their potential impact on metabolic and reproductive processes in swine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe number of the large-scale donkey breeding farms in China has increased dramatically. However, information regarding the situation of a Chinese donkey population under large-scale donkey breeding farms is limited.MethodsThis survey report was conducted using questionnaires online to investigate the current situation of the donkey original breeding farms in China, in terms of donkey stock, local breeds, reproductive parameters, growth and lactation performance, and future perspectives. China has developed the donkey reserve system based on national, provincial and non-governmental (self-own) donkey original breeding farms.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 38 donkey original breeding farms concentrated in Northern of China were studied, and 52% of them keep their donkeys with a stocking density of 100–500 donkeys. China is rich in various local donkey breeds, and 16 local donkey breeds including large-sized, medium-sized and small-sized breeds were collected in our survey. Dezhou donkey are prevalent with a percentage of more than 57% of the total donkeys, while the Cullen donkeys belong to small-sized donkey breeds are scare. The reproductive efficiency and donkey productivity were different across donkey farms, indicating potential differences in management and breeding practices between different donkey original breeding farms. The artificial insemination has been performed in these donkey farms with an average proportion of 73%. Regarding the donkey productivity, the national and provincial donkey original breeding farms showed a higher birthweight and fat content in donkey milk than self-own farms. Furthermore, our results indicate that the donkey breeds with different body size also have important influence on the reproduction parameters and donkey productivity, with the large-sized donkeys had better performance compared to the small-sized donkeys.DiscussionIn summary, our survey provided valuable baseline information on the situation of donkey population dynamics in the donkey original breeding farms. However, further study is required in the future to investigate the factors such as donkey health care, management and nutrition during breeding, fattening and lactation that influence donkey productivity under large-scale farm systems.

Background: Dystocia is an important limiting factor in animal breeding due to its cost, stress for the mother and risk of death for the neonates. Assessment of incidence and characteristics of dystocia and the inherent risk of Cesarean section are of major importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Bernese Mountain Dogs in Switzerland, with a particular focus on the prevalence of Cesarean sections due to dystocia, and identification of possible risk factors. Results: The investigated population included 401 bitches, 207 sires, and 1127 litters. Litter size was significantly influenced by age and parity of the dam. Incidence of Cesarean section was 30.4%, with 2.0% of procedures being elective. History of previous Cesarean section, age of the dam, and a small litter size significantly influenced the risk for Cesarean section. The stillbirth rate was 12.0%, and the number of stillborn pups was significantly higher for litters delivered by Cesarean sections after birth of the first pup. The inbreeding coefficient had a low to non-significant impact on all reproductive parameters (e.g., litter size, number of stillborn pups). Conclusion: The sample of Bernese Mountain Dogs of our study had an increased prevalence of Cesarean sections compared to the literature, and advanced age of the dam, litter size and prior Cesarean sections in the dam's reproductive history was identified as significantly influencing factors. In order to improve pups' survival rate, elective Cesarean section may be indicated in bitches that have had a previous Cesarean-section/s, are of advanced age, and/or have a small litter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a comparative assessment of domesticated (caught in the wild and cultivated) and aquaculture (grown "from eggs") females of Russian sturgeon in terms of weight, fecundity, duration of the interspawning interval, number of eggs in the control sample, survival rate of their offspring in the embryonic period and juveniles in the Caspian Sea have been presented. Both groups of females are similar in most of the above indicators, with the exception of the number of females producing eggs suitable for insemination, the proportion of which is much larger in the group of domesticated fish. The groups also differ in offspring survival rate, which is significantly lower in fish that have reached sexual maturity in aquaculture. With the existing methods of keeping spawners grown from eggs, as their age increases (third-fourth maturation), an increase in the survival rate of the offspring obtained from them was not noted. The high survival rate of embryos (78%) allows the use of aquaculture females for the restoration of natural populations of the Caspian sturgeon, while the main emphasis is still on domesticated fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Monk Parakeets are invasive birds globally. Through the construction of communal nests, they shape urban bird life. Monk Parakeets were introduced in Chile in 1972 and are now widely distributed in urban environments. Through the description of ecological parameters, we aim to assess the state of the Monk Parakeet in Santiago of Chile after 50 years of invasion. We characterized 1458 Monk Parakeets' nests on 546 trees, 91% of which were introduced species. Tasmanian blue gum and black locust were the trees preferred by parakeets for nesting. The average nest height was at 14.2 m with an occupancy rate of 89.7% and associated to nest height. During two reproductive seasons, chambers had an average of 4.5 eggs and 4.2 nestlings. Results and conclusions obtained will help in understanding the ecology of this avian invasion. Other urban metropolises such as Washington DC, Mexico City, Rome, Berlin, Paris, London, Tokyo, Nairobi, Casablanca and City of Singapore also suffer Monk Parakeet invasion. To aid in the understanding of Monk Parakeet invasive biology, we aim to contribute to better informed decisions in invasive synanthropic species management. Monk Parakeets are considered one of the most invasive bird species given its unique capacity among psittacines to build their own communal nests. Originally introduced as pets in houses from where they escaped or were released, they are currently considered invasive in more than 20 countries worldwide. This is the case in Chile, where Monk Parakeets were introduced during the 1970s. Between 2016 and 2019 we searched Monk Parakeets' nests structures in the Santiago metropolis region. We identified 1458 Monk Parakeets' communal nests on 546 trees belonging to 34 tree species. Ninety-one percent of the occupied trees were also introduced. Paraná pine and cedar of Lebanon were the tree species with highest abundance of nests, averaging more than four nests/tree/species, with 23 and 18 maximum number of nests, respectively. Tasmanian blue gum and black locust were selected by parakeets more often than expected, based on availability. From all trees, 24.6% denoted health problems and 47.3% were pruned. The average nest height was 14.2 m and nests were observed mainly in secondary branches (59.3%). The occupancy rate was 89.7% and was associated to nest height and type of branch. During two reproductive seasons we quantified eggs and nestlings in chambers averaging 4.5 and 4.2, respectively. We provide a rough population size estimate and the characteristics of Monk Parakeets nest and tree selectivity, aiming to characterize several decades of a neglected urban invasion to warrant strategies for improved management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of first-calving age (FCA) on yield parameters and productive life in dairy farms using a robotic milking system in Turkey. The cows (n = 1579) were divided into five groups (24, 25, 26, 27, 28 months and above FCA. The average milk yield was highest in 24 months of FCA (9140.31 ± 145.55 kg) and was lowest in 27 months of FCA (8534.55 ± 131.00 kg) (p <.05). The average service period length in the first lactation was longer in cows of 28 months old (158.92 ± 7.28 days) than 26 and 27 months (131.96 ± 4.45and 130.51 ± 54.97 days respectively) old groups (p <.05). A number of lactations of cows that were 26 months old (2.52 ± 0.09) at FCA was higher than those FCA was 24 months and 28 months (2.03 ± 0.15 and 2.18 ± 0.09 respectively) (p <.05). Replacement rates were not differing statistically at different lactations. The most frequent reasons for culling were mastitis and reproduction in all groups. As a result, cows in 24 months of FCA had no undesirable results in terms of milk yield, service period, number of insemination per lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: From 1990 to 2021, the number of hawksbill and green turtle nests has prominently increased thanks to the long-term protection of primary nesting sites in the Southern Gulf of México. However, despite not finding a statistical significance in the temporal trends, the size of nesting females, the clutch size, hatching, and emergence success are slowly decreasing in response to multiple conditions. Our study suggests that the protection efforts at nesting beaches show promising results. However, other ongoing natural and anthropic drivers are acting on sea turtle populations and their habitats and could dampen their recovery by reducing their reproductive output and hatchling production. Thus, because sea turtles are highly migratory animals moving between different countries, aside from protecting key nesting sites, restoring and monitoring crucial foraging habitats should be an immediate priority requiring international cooperation. Long-term monitoring programs of species at risk are efficacious tools to assess population changes, evaluate conservation strategies, and improve management practices to ensure populations reach levels at which they can fulfill their ecological roles. For sea turtles, annual nesting beach surveys are the most accessible method to estimating the population abundance and reproductive output, especially when these are done in primary nesting sites. However, little data exist on the long-term assessment of these parameters. Here, we present the trends of the nest abundance, female size, hatching, and emergence success of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles at key nesting beaches in the southern Gulf of Mexico over 31 years (from 1990 to 2021). The nest abundance showed an increasing trend in both species as a result of the sustained protection and conservation effort, but there was no significant temporal trend in the annual female size, clutch size, hatching, and emergence success. However, these indicators showed decreasing mean values over the last decade and should be closely monitored. We suggest these decreases link to the combined effects of ocean warming and anthropogenic pressures affecting the sea turtle foraging grounds. Aside from protecting key nesting sites, protecting and restoring crucial foraging habitats should be an immediate priority requiring international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maternal recognition process is crucial for the establishment of healthy pregnancy. In this process, anti‐luteolytic applications are one of the main reproductive strategies to manage the embryonic losses and maximize reproductive profitability in farm animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of post‐mating NSAID treatments on reproductive parameters (pregnancy rate, lambing rate, multiple birth rate, litter size) and serum progesterone levels in ewes stimulated with progesterone non‐breeding season. For this purpose, two different experiments (diclofenac and carprofen) were conducted in the same ewe flock induced with short‐term progestogen‐based protocol in the non‐breeding season for two consecutive years. In experiment 1 (n = 85), 42 ewes were injected with 2.5 mg/kg diclofenac on the 9th and 10th days post‐mating, and the rest were not treated and served as control. In experiment 2 (n = 82), 40 ewes were injected with 1.4 mg/kg carprofen on the 9th days post‐mating, and the rest were not treated as control. In both experiments, blood samples were collected from all ewes on days 9, 12 and 13 post‐mating to measure serum progesterone levels. In both experiments, there were no differences both reproductive parameters and serum progesterone levels when compared to the control groups. It was concluded that post‐mating diclofenac and carprofen treatments in the critical period have no significant effects on both reproductive parameters and serum progesterone levels in ewes in the non‐breeding season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Iodine is an essential precursor of thyroid hormones that control the body's metabolism. Subclinical iodine deficiency, which is related to the deficiency of this element in the soil, is likely in most livestock in different parts of the country, especially grazing livestock, and was reported in sheep with plasma inorganic iodine less than five micrograms per deciliter in some areas of Markazi province, about ten years ago. The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the iodine status of sheep in Shazand areas and evaluate the effects of using an injectable iodinated oil supplement on thyroid hormone concentrations, blood serum and milk inorganic iodine content, and the production performance of ewes and their lambs. Material and methods: Seven sheep breeding farms were randomly selected in this region and the ewe’s serum inorganic iodine was analyzed. To evaluate the effects of iodine supplementation, the herd with the lowest amount of serum inorganic iodine in which the experiment could be performed was considered the experimental herd. In this herd, 80 Farahani ewes with an average weight of 48.53±7.8 were divided into two groups of 40 as control and experimental groups. The experimental group was supplemented with 1.5 ml iodized oil (Depodine®) intramuscularly three weeks before mating and nine weeks later. Concentrations of thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine and thyroxine on days 60 and 120 from the beginning of the experiment, the monthly concentration of inorganic iodine in blood serum until day 180, the concentration of inorganic iodine in milk after lambing, and the productive and reproductive parameters were measured and compared in the experimental groups. Results: The iodine status of the studied herds indicated that iodine deficiency continued in the study area, and this problem was not resolved. The lowest and highest serum mineral iodine levels of the studied herds were 2.0±0.22 and 4.38±2.08 μg/dl, respectively. Thyroid hormone concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) raised in the iodinesupplemented ewes after treatment. Serum inorganic iodine and milk inorganic iodine of ewes also increased from 2.39 and 1.22 μg/dl in the control group to 11.2 and 21.44 μg/dl in the experimental group, respectively (P<0.01). The mean birth weight of lambs in the experimental and control groups was 4.33±0.62 and 3.91±0.77 kg, respectively, which had a significant difference (P<0.05). Also, the mean weaning weight of lambs in the experimental group increased compared to the control group (17.08±1.16 and 16.6±1.83 kg, respectively), and lamb survival rate up to day 120 increased significantly (P<0.05), in contrast, the lambing rate and litter size of ewes didn’t affect. Conclusion: The results indicate that sheep continue to be impacted by the effects of iodine deficiency in the study area based on low serum mineral iodine concentration and the effectiveness of the iodine supplement in preventing the effects of iodine deficiency in sheep and improving their production and reproduction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies examining breeding biology provide information about reproductive parameters, which are useful in formulating life-history theories. Although these studies have notably increased in the Neotropics in recent years, some gaps remain; thus, more research is needed to better understand life-history strategies of New World birds. Furthermore, research into the breeding biology of migratory birds is crucial to advance our understanding of trade-offs between reproduction and migration in Neotropical austral migrant birds. Our aims were to describe in detail the breeding biology of the Chilean Elaenia Elaenia chilensis, a long-distance Neotropical austral migrant, and to discuss current life-history theories for New World passerines. We monitored 113 nests during four consecutive breeding seasons (2014/2015–2017/2018) in the Andean-Patagonian Forest. The breeding season lasted 77 days and the nesting period, from egg laying to fledging, had a mean duration of 29.9 days. Mean clutch size was 2.4 eggs (range: 1–3) and decreased throughout the breeding season. The incubation and nestling stages lasted c. 14 days each. Fledgling number also decreased as the season progressed. The mean ± SE daily nest survival rate was 0.960 ± 0.005, corresponding to an overall nest success of 29.5%. Predation was the main cause of nest loss (61.1%). Reproductive parameters of the Chilean Elaenia coincide with characteristics of high-survival species that invest little in reproduction. Despite being a long-distance migrant, its life-history strategy does not seem to be much faster than that of its tropical resident congeners. This might not support the result reported in the Northern Hemisphere that migratory birds have a faster pace of life than resident birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Human reproduction presents a challenge for our species, as evidenced by the escalating rates of infertility. This trend has prompted inquiries into diverse strategies aimed at mitigating infertility and enhancing conception rates. Despite the extensive research on advanced maternal age as a risk factor for reproductive outcomes, paternal age has historically garnered comparatively less attention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of paternal age on embryos and its subsequent repercussions on fertilization rate, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in individuals undergoing assisted reproductive treatment in a public reproductive center located in Brazil., Methods: This investigation adopted a retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, analytical design, utilizing the analysis of secondary data, covering the period from July 2015 to July 2021., Results: A total of 350 couples grappling with infertility and undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were included in the analysis. Examination of age groups revealed a notable correlation between the ages of women and men (correlation coefficient R=0.12, p<0.0001). In the analysis of IVF techniques, a discernible trend towards a negative correlation with paternal age was observed, signifying that higher paternal age was linked to lower fertilization rates (p=0.004)., Conclusions: Advanced paternal age significantly impacts full-term birth rates in IVF procedures, emphasizing the need for preconception public health advisories that underscore the risks associated with delaying parenthood for both men and women, particularly among those necessitating assisted reproductive techniques.

This research aimed to study the effect of calving season and parity on productivity, post-partum reproductive performance, disorders, and economic impact in Holstein cows kept under subtropical Egyptian conditions. Lactation and health records of high-yielding cows (500 records) in a commercial dairy herd covering the period between 2020 and 2021 were obtained. The studied productive parameters were average daily milk yield (DMY), dry matter intake (DMI), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and the reproductive measures were the number of heats, number of services per conception (NSC), days to first heat (DFH), days to first service (DFS), and days open (DO). Summer calvings were associated significantly (P<0.05) with a decline in DMY and DMI (31.8 kg and 22.7 kg, respectively) compared to winter calvings. Cows that calved in summer had significantly higher (P<0.05) NSC and longer DO (3.44, and 199.3 d, respectively) and also had a higher incidence of endometritis than winter calvings. First parity cows had significantly (P<0.05) lower (DMY and DMI) and higher (NSC and DO) than those in higher parities. Parity has no significant effect on the incidence of post-partum ovarian disorders. The economic losses from disease treatments recorded the highest value in summer calving (13280 LE/100 head) and primiparous cows (8218.01 LE/100 head). Revenue and profit/cost ratio were higher in winter calvings and pluriparous cows. In conclusion, good management, suitable nutrition during different parity and seasons also intensive cooling systems during the summer season should be applied for improving the productivity, fertility, and the economic impact on Holstein farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infertility is the biggest problem be facing doctors for treating the patients that undergo the different types of cancer disease. Since the chemotherapies drugs have an adverse effect on the testis tissue and, therefore, sperm quality. Cisplatin is used one of the most potent and widely used for treating ovarian cancer, lung carcinoma, and lymphoma. Cisplatin causes testicular degeneration and decreases sperm quality. Natural antioxidants drove from plants and fruits reduce the negative impact and have productive properties against anticancer drugs. Tinospora cordifolia is a medicinal herb from India used as a potential natural complementary treatment for specific health conditions, which is used as an immunity improved, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the protective and ameliorative effect of the Tinospora cordifolia against adverse cisplatin on reproductive parameters. In this study, 40 healthy adult male rats were used in four groups control, cisplatin-induction, and two deferent concentration of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia. The result showed an improvement effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia administered by gavage at 200 mg/kg concentration against Cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fast-developing regions, rapid coastal urbanization has led to considerable transformation of both landscapes and seascapes, with various adverse implications for species dependent on inshore habitats. As reliable estimates of vital demographic rates reflect the population-level responses to stressors, rigorous quantification of these parameters is central to assessing the consequences of human-induced environmental change. As a case-in-point, we quantified the reproductive parameters and calf survivorship of an obligatory inshore delphinid, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), in the anthropogenic seascape of Hong Kong prior and during two consecutive large-scale coastal infrastructure projects. Our 8-year photo-ID mark-recapture dataset was examined with both frequentist and Bayesian techniques. The reproductive output of female dolphins worsened significantly following the onset of construction activities, eventually declining alarmingly close to zero. Annual recruitment rate followed a similar trajectory. Concurrently, calf survival rates (pooled across the study period) were low, with <60% of newborns surviving the first 3-month and <46% surviving their first year of life. Both mean crude birth rate (~0.03) and annual recruitment rate (~0.02) were among the lowest reported for coastal delphinids to date. Cumulatively, all of this slows population recruitment and increases population susceptibility to stochastic events. We conclude that natural factors alone are not likely to cause such critically low demographic rates, underscoring the vulnerability of obligatory inshore species to growing anthropogenic pressure and habitat loss in fast-changing coastal seas. We emphasize the need for proactive (instead of reactive) conservation based on reliable sentinel model system and wise use of the precautionary principle. • Continuous large-scale coastal development affected reproductive dynamics of inshore dolphins. • Birth rates declined drastically, nearing zero after 5-years of severe anthropogenic pressure. • Calf survival rates dropped to among the lowest seen in coastal delphinids. • Extremely slow recruitment impedes recovery of the already threatened population. • We emphasize the susceptibility of obligatory inshore species to rapid large-scale habitat degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of relative humidity and diet moisture content level were determined for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), when reared on an artificial diet (Cenibroca) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Three relative humidity levels (i.e., 65, 75, and 85%) at 3 moisture content levels (i.e., 50, 60, and 70%) were evaluated. This artificial diet has been used routinely for over 5 yr to rear coffee berry borer. The following biological parameters were measured for each treatment diet, i.e., preoviposition period, oviposition and feeding behavior, total progeny production, and reproductive potential. The highest reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase were obtained with Cenibroca diets containing 50% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity, and 60% moisture content level at 75% relative humidity. The lowest reproductive and intrinsic rate of increase occurred using a diet containing 70% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity. Se examinó el efecto de la humedad relativa y niveles de contenido de humedad en la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) cuando se reprodujo en una dieta artificial (Cenibroca) a una temperatura constante de 25 °C. Se evaluó la respuesta de la broca del café bajo 3 niveles de humedades relativas (i.e., 65, 75, y 85%) y 3 niveles de contenido de humedad (i.e., 50, 60, y 70%). Esta dieta artificial se ha venido utilizando rutinariamente para reproducir la broca el café por generaciones sucesivas por más de 5 años. En cada tratamiento se estimaron los siguientes parámetros biológicos, i.e., período de pre-oviposición, comportamiento de oviposición y alimentación, progenie total por hembra y potencial reproductivo. Los valores mas altos de la tasa reproductiva y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento se obtuvieron en los tratamientos con la dieta Cenibroca que contenía 50% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa, y dieta con un 60% niveles de contenido de humedad a 75% humedad relativa. Los valores mas bajos de la tasa reproductiva se encontraron en el tratamiento 70% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium is a metal that can affect the male reproductive process, possibly leading to infertility. In contrast, beta-caryophyllene (BC) is a sesquiterpene that has shown antigenotoxic, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of BC against the deleterious effects of cadmium chloride (CC) on various mouse testicular and sperm parameters. We tested three doses of BC (20, 200, and 400 mg/kg) given before and during exposure to 3 mg/kg CC (six days after a single administration). Our results show significant alleviation of the damage induced by CC after the three doses of BC. Regarding the sperm concentration and morphology, the protection with the high dose was complete, and regarding sperm mobility and viability, the protection was more than 74%. In the comet assay, the highest dose showed a reduction of 92.5% in the damage induced by CC, and regarding the number of micronuclei in the spermatids, the reduction was 83.3%. In the oxidative evaluation, regarding sperm lipoperoxidation, the improvement was complete with the high dose, and in the ABTS.+ test, the improvement in the response to the BC high dose was 26.3%. Regarding testicular lipoperoxidation and protein oxidation, the protective effects of the high BC dose were 87.6% and 89.9%, respectively. We also found that BC protected against the histological and morphometric alterations induced by CC. Therefore, our study clearly demonstrates the beneficial, chemopreventive effect of BC against the mouse sperm and testicular alterations induced by CC. [Display omitted] • Beta-caryophyllene alleviates the damage to sperm quality and quantity induced by cadmium. • Beta-caryophyllene ameliorates the DNA breakage induced by cadmium. • Beta-caryophyllene alleviates the oxidation of lipids and proteins induced by cadmium. • Beta-caryophyllene partially corrects the histomorphometric parameters altered by cadmium. • Beta-caryophyllene protects against the reproductive damage induced by cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to examine the protective role of Cyperus rotundus tubers against propylthiouracil drug induced oxidative stress in male rats. In this experiment, 30 white male rats were used, divided randomly into three main groups, each group included 10 animals as follows: The first group (G1): They were given a physiological saline solution (Nacl) at a concentration of 0.9% and served as control group. The second group (G2): given a Propylthiouracil drug (15 mg / kg of body weight) by oral administration using a special wine syringe for this purpose daily for 30 days. The third group (G3): They were given a Propylthiouracil drug (15 mg / kg of body weight) by oral administration and they were given aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus tubers (150 mg / kg of body weight) for 30 days. These results shows a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of MDA and NO with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the level of GSH in the G2 in comparison with control group. While, the current results indicated a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the level of MDA and NO with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of GSH in the G3 in comparison with G2. These results show a significant decrease (p<0.05) in sperm concentration, the percentage of live sperm, the percentage of normal sperm and the percentage of motile sperm and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of dead sperm in (G2) group in comparison with control group. There was a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in serum GnRH, testosterone level, FSH level, LH level in (G2) group as compared to the control group. While the results showed a significant improvement in the level of hormonal parameters in (G3) group in comparison with (G2) group (Table 3). The results showed that there were no significant differences in the RBC, Hb and PCV in (G2, G3) groups as compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The paper aimed to study the effects of light regime on circadian rhythmic behavior and reproductive parameters in a native laying hen, Beijing You Chicken (BYC) during 22 to 30 wk. A total of 630 19-wk-old BYC female chicken were allocated to 6 light regime groups with 3 replicates per group and 35 birds per replicate, reared in individually lit floor pens with separate outdoor areas. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment (2 lighting patterns: continuous and intermittent lighting; 3 photoperiods: 16 h, 14 h, 12 h) was arranged, including 16L:8D for group 1; 12L:2D:4L:6D for group 2; 14L:10D for group 3; 10L:2D:4L:8D for group 4; 12L:12D for group 5, and 8L:4D:4L:8D for group 6, respectively. The circadian rhythmic behavior of the hens, including feeding, egg-laying and sleeping behaviors were observed by scan sampling and target sampling method for consecutive 3 d every other week during 22 to 30 wk. Infrared cameras were set outside each pen to record the rhythmic behaviors of the birds every other hour (6:00–7:00;8:00–9:00;10:00–11:00;12:00–13:00;14:00–15:00;16:00–17:00;18:00–19:00;20:00–21:00;22:00–23:00;0:00–1:00;2:00–3:00;4:00–5:00). Theovarian weight, oviduct weight, oviduct length, the number of large yellow follicles (LYF), and small yellow follicles (SYF) were measured at the end of 30 wk. The egg-laying rate during 22 to 30 wk was measured. The results showed that the highest feeding frequency was given by the 16L:8D, and the lowest given by the 12L:12D (P < 0.05). The average feeding duration was the longest in the 8L:4D:4L:8D at 6:00 to 8:00 (18.67 min/hen) (P < 0.05), and the shortest in the 8L:4D:4L:8D at 18:00 to 20:00 (3.75 min/hen) (P < 0.05). The highest egg-laying frequency was given by the 8L:4D:4L:8D (0.28), the lowest given by the 10L:2D:4L:8D (0.21) (P < 0.05). The shortest egg-laying duration occurred at 6:00 to 8:00, was given by the 16L:8D (8 min/hen), and the longest egg-laying duration occurred at 18:00 to 20:00, was given by 16L:8D and 8L:4D:4L:8D (>20.5 min/hen) (P < 0.05). The highest sleeping frequency was given by the 12L:2D:4L:6D, the lowest was given by the 12L:12D (P < 0.05). At 6:00 to 8:00, the shortest sleeping duration was given by 12L:2D:4L:6D (1.5 s/hen), at 18:00 to 20:00, the longest given by 8L:4D:4L:8D (14.3 s/hen) (P < 0.05). Lighting pattern and photoperiod alone or in interaction had no effect on egg-laying rate during 22 to 30 wk (P > 0.05), but had significant effects on ovarian weight, oviduct weight, oviduct length, the number of LYF and SYF (P < 0.05), and the continuous groups were all significantly higher than the intermittent groups (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that light regimes affected the frequency and duration of circadian behavior in BYC laying hens, and the continuous light was more beneficial to the reproductive development than the intermittent light in the early laying period.

The lipid-rich Seed of Moringa oleifera has been promoted as an effective water clarifier. Aside its vital nutritional application as an emerging food additive, the seed has continued to gain a wider acceptance in various global ethnomedicines for managing several communicable and lifestyle diseases, howbeit, its potential toxic effect, particularly on fertility and pregnancy outcomes has remained uninvestigated; the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOSE) aqueous-methanol extracts on fertility and pregnancy outcome, was investigated in vivo using female Wistar rats that were divided into 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight. Group six was given Moringa oleifera seed treated water ad-libitum (ad-libitum group). Organs harvested for histological assessment included ovary, uterus, liver and kidney. In addition to HPLC fingerprint and a preliminary peptide detection, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of MOSE using standard methods. Data were analyzed with significance at p ≤ 0.05. There was no significant difference in the estrus cycle, mating index, gestation survival index, gestation index, fertility index and sex ratio among all groups. Gestation length was reduced in some groups. While the male pup birth weight was comparable among the different groups, female pups birth weights were significantly reduced in 50 and 100 mg groups. Anogenital distance indices of female pups in ad libitum group were significantly increased. Pathologies were observed in liver and kidneys of dams while kidneys of pups presented a dose dependent reduction in the number of glomeruli. There were no observed pathological changes in the ovary and uterus. This study showed for the first time in rodents, that the lipid-rich MOSE is unsafe to the kidney of rodents while the lipid-free MOSE appears to be safe at doses up to 300 mg/kg body weight. Findings from this study suggested that the female pups were masculinized. In conclusion, the lipid-rich seed extracts of MOSE appear to be unsafe during pregnancy, induce hepatic and renal toxicity while the lipid-free MOSE excludes inherent toxicity as the hydrophobic part has been linked to toxicity as observed in this study due to the developmental programming effect on female offspring in rodents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrosamines are carcinogenic agents which can unfavorably affect some male reproductive parameters. Humans are exposed to nitrosamines through various routes, the most important of which is the diet. Crocin is a carotenoid and is accountable for the red color of saffron. Crocin has numerous pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant roles and radical scavenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Crocin against Nitrosamine - induced damage to the reproductive parameter of male rats. In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control normal and Nitrosamine control groups (40 mg/kg); Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and Nitrosamine + Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and gavaged daily for 28 days. The sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity, testosterone level, and seminiferous tube diameter were assessed. Nitrosamine significantly decreased sperm parameters (p<0.001). The Crocin and Crocin + Nitrosamine treatments at complete doses significantly improved all parameters (p<0.001). Crocin compensated for the toxic effect of Nitrosamine on reproductive parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tamoxifen exposure delayed puberty installation. • There was an increase in sperm count of cauda epididymis. • Sperm motility was adversely affected. • Increase in the number of hyperplasia of epithelial clear cells in cauda epididymis. Tamoxifen, a selective non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator, is the standard adjuvant endocrine treatment for breast cancer. Since information on the risk of using tamoxifen during pregnancy is still scarce, this study evaluated whether the in utero and lactational treatment with this drug could compromise reproductive and behavioural parameters in male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to three doses of tamoxifen (0.12; 0.6; 3 μg/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 15 to lactational day 20. Tamoxifen exposure did not alter the anogenital distance in the male offspring; however, there was a significant increase in the body weight in the 0.12 μg/kg dose and a decrease in the 0.6 μg/kg dose. The male offspring treated with the highest dose exhibited a delay in the onset of puberty, evidenced by an increase in the age of preputial separation. Regarding sperm parameters, there was an increase in the sperm count in the cauda epididymis in the intermediate and highest dose groups, in addition to an increase in the number of static sperm and a decrease in the progressive sperm in the same groups. Moreover, an increase in the number of hyperplasia of the epithelial clear cells was observed in the epididymis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that maternal exposure to tamoxifen compromised the installation of puberty of the male offspring and the maturation of the epididymis, affecting sperm storage and motility in the adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The invasion of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into the New World has made it possible for this pest to hybridize with a native American species, H. zea (Boddie), under natural conditions. We investigated the viability and development of hybrids of these two Helicoverpa species. We reared the parental species and evaluated crosses between H. armigera males and H. zea females and vice versa, two intercrosses between hybrids, and eight backcrosses between hybrids and parental species. We estimated the length of immature stages, fecundity, survival, sex ratio, and heterosis. RESULTS: Although hybridization occcurred, with heterosis during the development of immatures, reproductive incompatibilities also were observed between the parental species and between hybrids from subsequent crosses. The interspecific crosses between hybrids and backcrosses confirmed the possibility of introgression events and their perpetuation in field populations. The results indicate that hybridization events are favored at high population levels, while at low population levels the 'species identities' will be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of interspecific gene flow and its perpetuation through successive crosses and backcrosses suggests several recommenations for management. Populations of both species should be maintained at an equilibrium level to reduce the chance of interspecific crosses, which are presumably more likely to occur during pest outbreaks. The existence of hybridization and resistance to different active pesticide ingredients should be monitored. All practices related to managing the resistance of these pests to chemical and biological insecticides should be systematized to reduce the chance of selecting for resistant individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) has been reported on several crops. The development time, viability of immature stages, and reproductive parameters of H. haemorrhoidalis in 'Camino Real' strawberry leaflets were investigated under controlled conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14 h photoperiod). Life cycle was completed with 28.39 ± 0.15 days. The duration (mean ± standard error) and the viability (%) of the 1st larval instar, 2nd larval instar, pre-pupa, and pupa stages were 4.03 ± 0.04 (97.00%), 5.01 ± 0.03 (98.97%), 1.04 ± 0.02 (98.96%), and 2.98 ± 0.02 (100.00%) days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods lasted 5.00 ± 0.05, 66.19 ± 0.28, and 4.85 ± 0.10 days, respectively. The fertility parameters in the life table were as follows: net reproduction rate (R0) = 105.06 larvae; innate capacity for increase in number (rm) = 0.09 larva/female/day; finite increase ratio (λ) = 1.09 larva/female; time interval between each generation (T) = 53.02 days; population doubling time (TD) = 7.89 days. These results evidence that H. haemorrhoidalis develops successfully when feeding on strawberry leaflets. The relatively high viability observed at every stage, and the values of R0, rm, λ, T, and TD populations suggest that H. haemorrhoidalis may thrive on strawberry plants under favorable environmental conditions. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lipid-rich Seed of Moringa oleifera has been promoted as an effective water clarifier. Aside its vital nutritional application as an emerging food additive, the seed has continued to gain a wider acceptance in various global ethnomedicines for managing several communicable and lifestyle diseases, howbeit, its potential toxic effect, particularly on fertility and pregnancy outcomes has remained uninvestigated; the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOSE) aqueous-methanol extracts on fertility and pregnancy outcome, was investigated in vivo using female Wistar rats that were divided into 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight. Group six was given Moringa oleifera seed treated water ad-libitum (ad-libitum group). Organs harvested for histological assessment included ovary, uterus, liver and kidney. In addition to HPLC fingerprint and a preliminary peptide detection, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of MOSE using standard methods. Data were analyzed with significance at p ≤ 0.05. There was no significant difference in the estrus cycle, mating index, gestation survival index, gestation index, fertility index and sex ratio among all groups. Gestation length was reduced in some groups. While the male pup birth weight was comparable among the different groups, female pups birth weights were significantly reduced in 50 and 100 mg groups. Anogenital distance indices of female pups in ad libitum group were significantly increased. Pathologies were observed in liver and kidneys of dams while kidneys of pups presented a dose dependent reduction in the number of glomeruli. There were no observed pathological changes in the ovary and uterus. This study showed for the first time in rodents, that the lipid-rich MOSE is unsafe to the kidney of rodents while the lipid-free MOSE appears to be safe at doses up to 300 mg/kg body weight. Findings from this study suggested that the female pups were masculinized. In conclusion, the lipid-rich seed extracts of MOSE appear to be unsafe during pregnancy, induce hepatic and renal toxicity while the lipid-free MOSE excludes inherent toxicity as the hydrophobic part has been linked to toxicity as observed in this study due to the developmental programming effect on female offspring in rodents.

Sheep farming plays an important economic role, and it contributes to the livelihoods of many rural poor in several regions worldwide and particularly in Tunisia. Therefore, the steady improvement of ewes’ reproductive performance is a pressing need. The MTNR1A gene has been identified as an important candidate gene that plays a key role in sheep reproduction and its sexual inactivity. It is involved in the control of photoperiod-induced seasonality mediated by melatonin secretion. The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in the MTNR1A gene in two Tunisian breeds, Barbarine (B) and Queue Fine de l’Ouest (QFO). DNA extracted from the blood of 77 adult ewes was sequenced. Selected ewes were exposed to adult fertile rams. A total of 26 SNPs were detected; 15 SNPs in the promoter region and 11 SNPs in the exon II were observed in both (B) and (QFO) breeds. The SNP rs602330706 in exon II is a novel SNP detected for the first time only in the (B) breed. The SNPs rs430181568 and rs40738822721 (SNP18 and SNP20 in our study, respectively) were totally linked in this study and can be considered a single marker. DTL was associated with SNP18 and SNP20 in (B) ewes (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected between the three genotypes (G/G, G/A, and A/A) at these two SNPs. Fertility rate and litter size parameters were not affected by SNP18 and SNP20. There was an association between these two polymorphisms and (B) lambs’ birth weights (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ewes with the A/A genotype gave birth to lambs with a higher weight compared to the other two genotypes for this breed (p < 0.05). There was not an association between SNP 18 and SNP20 and (QFO) ewes’ reproductive parameters. These results might be considered in future sheep selection programs for reproductive genetic improvement.