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Objective: Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD) is one of the complications that can easily occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Timely diagnosis and treatment are pivotal factors that greatly influence the prognosis of patients. However, the current diagnostic method lacks adequate non-invasive diagnostic tools. Methods: A total of 190 patients who suspected GI-GVHD were retrospectively included and divided into training set (n = 114) and testing set (n = 76) according to their discharge time. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen for clinically independent predictors. Based on the logistic regression results, both computed tomography (CT) signs and clinically independent predictors were integrated in order to build the nomogram, while the testing set was verified independently. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC), decision curve, and clinical impact curve were used to measure the accuracy of prediction, clinical net benefit, and consistency of diagnostic factors. Results: Four key factors, including II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), the circular target sign, multifocal intestinal inflammation, and an increased in total bilirubin, were identified. The combined model, which was constructed from CT signs and clinical factors, showed higher predictive performances. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the training set were 0.867, 0.787, and 0.811, respectively. Decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) showed that the developed model exhibited a better prediction accuracy than the others. Conclusions: This combined model facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment and subsequently improves survival and overall outcomes in patients with GI-GVHD. Critical relevance statement: GI-GVHD is one of the complications that can easily occur after HSCT. However, the current diagnostic approach lacks adequate non-invasive diagnostic methods. This non-invasive combined model facilitates timely treatment and subsequently improves patients with GI-GVHD survival and overall outcomes. Key points: • There is currently lacking of non-invasive diagnostic methods for GI-GVHD. • Four clinical CT signs are the independent predictors for GI-GVHD. • Association between the CT signs with clinical factors may improve the diagnostic performance of GI-GVHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CMRtools is a software package that can be used to measure T2* values to diagnose liver iron overload, however, its accuracy in terms is affected by multiple factors, including goodness-of-fit (R 2 value), the number of echo time (TE) images, and the liver iron concentration (LIC). To investigate the effects of the R 2 value, the number of TE images, and the LIC on the accuracy of CMRtools software for measuring T2* values to diagnose liver iron overload (LIO)., Materials and Methods: CMRtools software was used to measure liver T2* values among 108 thalassemia patients via the truncation method, and the R 2 values, the number of TE images, and T2* values were recorded. These values were subsequently converted into liver iron concentration (LIC T ) values. The LIC F (derived from MRI-R2/FerriScan) was used as a reference, and the diagnostic accordance rate (DAR) was compared between R 2 value subgroups, between TE image number subgroups, and between LIC subgroups., Results: The greater the R 2 value was, the greater the standardized DAR (SDAR) was ( p  < 0.05). The SDAR are not identical between each TE image number subgroup ( p  > 0.05). However, the relationship between TE image number subgroups and SDAR was analysed using Spearman's correlation, and it was found to be positively correlated ( r s  = 0.729, p  = 0.017). The SDAR are not identical between each LIC subgroup ( p  > 0.05), furthermore, the relationship between LIC subgroup and SDAR was found irrelevant ( p  = 0.747)., Conclusion: The accuracy of CMRtools software for diagnosing LIO in patients with thalassemia can be improved by artificially controlling the number of TE images to be fitted and selecting higher R 2 values., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Luo, Peng, Xu, Tang, Zhang, Huang, Liang, Ning and Peng.)

Objective: Radiomics can non-invasively predict the prognosis of a tumour by applying advanced imaging feature algorithms.The aim of this study was to predict the chance of postoperative recurrence by modelling tumour radiomics and peritumour radiomics and clinical features in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)., Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 190 patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed stage I LUAD from centre 1, who were divided into training cohort and internal validation cohort, with centre 2 added as external validation cohort. To develop a combined radiation-clinical omics model nomogram incorporating clinical features based on images from low-dose lung cancer screening CT plain for predicting postoperative recurrence and to evaluate the performance of the nomogram in the training cohort, internal validation cohort and external validation cohort., Results: A total of 190 patients were included in the model in centre 1 and randomised into a training cohort of 133 and an internal validation cohort of 57 in a ratio of 7:3, and 39 were included in centre 2 as an external validation cohort. In the training cohort (AUC=0.865, 95% CI 0.824-0.906), internal validation cohort (AUC=0.902, 95% CI 0.851-0.953) and external validation cohort (AUC=0.830,95% CI 0.751-0.908), the combined radiation-clinical omics model had a good predictive ability. The combined model performed significantly better than the conventional single-modality models (clinical model, radiomic model), and the calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed high accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram., Conclusion: The combined preoperative radiation-clinical omics model provides good predictive value for postoperative recurrence in stage ILUAD and combines the model's superiority in both internal and external validation cohorts, demonstrating its potential to aid in postoperative treatment strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Lan, Wei, Xu, Yang, Lu, Feng and Li.)

Background: Myocardial iron overload can lead to myocardial dysfunction, muscle cell injury, and end-stage heart failure. The enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and technical advancements have made 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) more accessible in clinical settings. However, 3 T assessments for early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload are scarce., Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of myocardial iron quantification using 3 T MRI in a rabbit model of iron overload., Study Type: Animal model., Animal Model: Overall, 40 male New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into control (N = 8; no treatment) and experimental (N = 32; weekly 200 mg/kg iron dextran injections) groups., Sequence: 3 T MRI with multi-echo gradient echo (ME-GRE) T2* sequence., Assessment: Each week, two experimental rabbits were randomly selected for blood collection to determine serum iron (SI) levels; their tissue was harvested to assess myocardial and hepatic iron deposition., Statistical Tests: Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlations among R2*, cardiac iron concentration (CIC), liver iron concentration (LIC), total amount of iron injected, and SI levels. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The myocardial T2* value in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. An excellent correlation was observed between R2* values and CIC (r = 0.854). CIC moderately correlated with LIC (r = 0.712) and the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.698). A strong correlation was observed between the total amount of iron injected and LIC (r = 0.866). SI levels poorly correlated with the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.205, P = 0.277) and LIC (r = 0.170, P = 0.370) but fairly correlated with CIC (r = 0.415, P = 0.022)., Data Conclusion: A 3 T MRI with an ME-GRE sequence may serve as a noninvasive method for evaluating cardiac iron content., Evidence Level: N/A TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of quantifying liver iron concentration (LIC) in patients with thalassemia (TM) using 1.5T and 3T T 2 * MRI., Methods: 1.5T MRI T 2 * values were measured in 391 TM patients from three medical centers: the T 2 * values of the test group were combined with the LIC (LIC F ) provided by FerriScan to construct the curve equation. In addition, the liver 3T MRI liver T 2 * data of 55 TM patients were measured as the 3T group: the curve equation of 3T T 2 * value and LIC F was constructed., Results: Based on the test group LIC F (0.6-43 mg/g dw) and the corresponding 1.5T T 2 * value, the equation was LIC F = 37.393 T 2 * ∧ (-1.22) (R 2 = 0.971; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between LIC e - 1.5T and LIC F in each validation group ( Z = -1.269, -0.977, -1.197; P = 0.204, 0.328, 0.231). There was significant consistency (Kendall's W = 0.991, 0.985, 0.980; all P < 0.001) and high correlation (r s = 0.983, 0.971, 0.960; all P < 0.001) between the two methods. There was no significant difference between the clinical grading results of LIC e - 1.5T and LIC F in each validation group (χ 2 = 3.0, 4.0, 2.0; P = 0.083, 0.135, 0.157), and there was significant consistency between the clinical grading results (Kappa's K = 0.943, 0.891, 0.953; P < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between the LIC F (≥14 mg/g dw) and the 3T T 2 * value of severe iron overload ( P = 0.085). The LIC F (2-14 mg/g dw) in mild and moderate iron overload was significantly correlated with the corresponding T 2 * value (r s = -0.940; P < 0.001). The curve equation constructed from LIC F and corresponding 3T T 2 * values in this range is LIC F = 18.463T 2 * ∧ (-1.142) (R 2 = 0.889; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between LIC F and LIC e - 3T in the mild to moderate range (Z = -0.523; P = 0.601), and there was a significant correlation (r s = 0.940; P < 0.001) and significant consistency (Kendall's W = 0.970; P = 0.008) between them. LIC e - 3T had high diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of severe, moderate, and mild liver iron overload (specificity = 1.000, 0.909; sensitivity = 0.972, 1.000)., Conclusion: The liver iron concentration can be accurately quantified based on the 1.5T T 2 * value of the liver and the specific LIC-T 2 * curve equation. 3T T 2 * technology can accurately quantify mild-to-moderate LIC, but it is not recommended to use 3T T 2 * technology to quantify higher iron concentrations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xu, Peng, Xie, Liang, Yang, Zhao, Liu and Peng.)

Objective: To explore the relationship between the liver iron concentration (LIC F ) from FerriScan and T2* based LIC obtained by Circle Cardiovascular Imaging CVI42 (CVI42), CMRtools/Thalassemia Tools (CMRtools), and Excel spreadsheet (Excel)., Methods: Liver T2* values in 78 thalassemia patients were measured using CVI42, CMRtools, and Excel. Then the Garbowski formula was used to obtain LIC from T2*. Finally, the relationship of the LIC measured by the above three software and the LIC F were compared., Results: There was no statistical difference between the T2* values measured by CVI42, CMRtools, and Excel ( P> 0.05), but there was a high degree of consistency between them ( P <0.001), and there was a high linear positive correlation between them ( P <0.001). There was no statistical difference between the LIC clinical grading results of CVI42, CMRtools, and Excel and LIC F grading results ( P> 0.05), and they were highly consistent ( P <0.001)., Conclusion: The liver T2* values measured by CVI42, CMRtools, and Excel are equivalent. The LIC measured by CVI42, CMRtools, and Excel is equivalent to the LIC F ., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of Interest.

Objectives: To investigate the eruption, caries, and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province., Methods: The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project., Results: Among 486 865 children in Henan province, the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%, The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%, DMFT was 0.67±1.18, the ratio of caries fil-ling was 4.45%, and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%. From 2015 to 2020, the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6, 7, and 8 showed a decreasing trend ( χ 2 trend was 385.793, 964.142, and 71.964, respectively, all P <0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT caries filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased ( χ 2 trend / F trend was 1 115.87, 1 270.53, 1 215.02, 763.48, respectively, all P <0.05). The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties (75.41%) were higher than those in urban areas (71.90%) ( χ 2 =756.44, P <0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT, filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas (34.23%, 0.76±1.24, 4.99%, and 3.75%, respectively) were higher than those in suburban areas (25.39%, 0.55±1.09, 3.50%, and 0.58%, respectively) ( χ 2 was 4 435.30, 3 922.56, 390.89, and 5 262.76, respectively, P <0.05). The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary (84.96%) was higher than mandible (82.88%) ( χ 2 =1 565.70, P <0.05), and the dental caries risk of the mandible (26.07%) was higher than that of the upper (13.88%) ( χ 2 =38 112.53, P <0.05)., Conclusions: The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic. The eruption rate decreased, the incidence of caries increased, and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low. We should pay attention to children's eating habits and oral health, strengthen oral health education, and improve oral health awareness.