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Abstract Background Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) results in functional disorder and social dysfunction, when it is under a severe condition at onset, long-term poor outcomes do occur. Different acupuncture methods have been reported to be potentially effective for shortening the disease course and reducing the occurrence of sequelae when they are applied at an early stage. Neuro edema is a common pathological feature in the acute phase, and many clinical studies have suggested its effect of reducing facial nerve edema. It is of value to estimate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment at the onset, and to assess the most suitable acupuncture method for the acute period. Methods and analysis All the RCTs and quasi-RCTs on acupuncture therapy for patients who is during acute stage of PFP will be included. The recovery rate of facial function, the time it takes to restore facial function and the odds of sequelae occurring will be the key parts we focus on. Psychological well-being and quality of life will also be evaluated. Literature searching will be conducted until December 31th, 2022 from eight databases systematically. Two reviewers will screen the literature and extract the data independently. RevMan software will be used for data analysis, and the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) will be used to assess the certainty of evidence. Forest plots and summary findings will be generated. If data permits, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination Since this study will not involve clinical treatment of patients, ethics approval is not required. The result of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and as a proposal for clinical practice and further study on acupuncture treatment at the early stage of PFP. Discussion This review will summarize the evidence on the different type of acupuncture therapy for acute Bell’s palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. We anticipate that it would be safe and effective when applied to the acute phase of PFP, and some specific suitable acupuncture methods would be found resulting from this review. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42020205127

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare finding that is associated with poor clinical outcomes (Kawsara et al. 2018), and disorders in lipid metabolism have been reported in CAE. Lipids constitute one of the three metabolite types that regulate bodily functions and are also powerful signaling molecules (Han 2016; Zhu et al. 2021) that affect immunoregulation and inflammatory responses via a series of transcription factors and signaling pathways (Barrera et al. 2013). Although abnormal lipid metabolism and immunoinflammatory responses have been reported in CAE, their roles in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CAE are currently unclear.

Abstract. In the past 37 years, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has undergone various major transmission routes in China, with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes, even the prevalence is still low. In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection, China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing, which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection. China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2003, which covered >80% of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%. To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic, China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission, narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases, and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.

Paroxetine is one of the most potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) approved for treating depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is evidence linking genetic polymorphisms and nonlinear metabolism to the Paroxetine’s pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. The purpose of the present study was to develop a population PK (PPK) model of paroxetine in Chinese patients, which was used to define the paroxetine’s PK parameters and quantify the effect of clinical and baseline demographic factors on these PK characteristics. The study included 184 inpatients with psychosis (103 females and 81 males), with a total of 372 serum concentrations of paroxetine for PPK analyses. The total daily dosage ranged from 20 to 75 mg. One compartment model could fit the PKs characterize of paroxetine. Covariate analysis revealed that dose, formulation, and sex had a significant effect on the PK parameters of paroxetine; however, there was no evident genetic influence of CYP2D6 enzymes on paroxetine concentrations in Chinese patients. The study determined that the population’s apparent distribution volume (V/F) and apparent clearance (CL/F), respectively, were 8850 and 21.2 L/h. The CL/F decreased 1-2-fold for each 10 mg dose increase, whereas the different formulations caused a decrease in V/F of 66.6%. Sex was found to affect bioavailability (F), which decreased F by 47.5%. Females had higher F values than males. This PPK model described data from patients with psychosis who received paroxetine immediate-release tablets (IR-T) and/or sustained-release tablets (SR-T). Paroxetine trough concentrations and relative bioavailability were different between formulations and sex. The altered serum concentrations of paroxetine resulting from individual variants and additive effects need to be considered, to optimize the dosage regimen for individual patients.

Backgroundcomputer-aided diagnosis of medical images is becoming more significant in intelligent medicine. Colposcopy-guided biopsy with pathological diagnosis is the gold standard in diagnosing CIN and invasive cervical cancer. However, it struggles with its low sensitivity in differentiating cancer/HSIL from LSIL/normal, particularly in areas with a lack of skilled colposcopists and access to adequate medical resources.Methodsthe model used the auto-segmented colposcopic images to extract color and texture features using the T-test method. It then augmented minority data using the SMOTE method to balance the skewed class distribution. Finally, it used an RBF-SVM to generate a preliminary output. The results, integrating the TCT, HPV tests, and age, were combined into a naïve Bayes classifier for cervical lesion diagnosis.Resultsthe multimodal machine learning model achieved physician-level performance (sensitivity: 51.2%, specificity: 86.9%, accuracy: 81.8%), and it could be interpreted by feature extraction and visualization. With the aid of the model, colposcopists improved the sensitivity from 53.7% to 70.7% with an acceptable specificity of 81.1% and accuracy of 79.6%.Conclusionusing a computer-aided diagnosis system, physicians could identify cancer/HSIL with greater sensitivity, which guided biopsy to take timely treatment.

BackgroundThere are few studies on predictive biomarkers for hyperuricemia, and the predictive value of these biomarkers tends to be poor. Additionally, no reports have described the predictive value of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) for hyperuricemia.PurposeThis study was performed to evaluate the value of RBP4 for predicting the risk of hyperuricemia in a general population, determine whether RBP4 could be used alone or in combination with other factors to predict the risk of hyperuricemia in the general population, and establish an optimum predictive model.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018, involving a questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory testing. We enrolled 2303 individuals by stratified random sampling, and 2075 were included in the data analysis after applying the eligibility criteria.ResultsSerum RBP4 level had a highly significant association with hyperuricemia (P

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced in biological systems by hydrolysis of crocin as a bioactive metabolite. It is known to exist in several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit of the cape jasmine belonging to the Rubiaceae family, and stigmas of the saffron plant of the Iridaceae family. According to modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties. Although poor bioavailability hinders therapeutic applications, derivatization and formulation preparation technologies have broadened the application prospects for crocetin. To promote the research and development of crocetin, we summarized the distribution, preparation and production, total synthesis and derivatization technology, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, drug safety, drug formulations, and preparation of crocetin.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of blonanserin and its active metabolite, N-desethyl blonanserin, in rat plasma has been developed and validated. The biological samples were treated by simple direct protein precipitation before separation on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) with a column temperature of 35°C at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The mobile phase A is a mixture of methanol and water (75 : 25, v/v, 5 mM ammonium formate), and the mobile phase B is acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B is 15 : 85. Electrospray ionization (ESI) multiple reaction monitoring modes are used for detection, which are m/z 368.10 ⟶ 296.90 (blonanserin), m/z 340.15 ⟶ 297.05(N-desethyl blonanserin), and m/z 348.15⟶ 302.05 (N-desethyl blonanserin-d8). The linear response range was 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for blonanserin and N-desethyl blonanserin. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), calibration curves, carryover, and matrix effects were sufficiently accurate and precise according to the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. This analytical method was successfully applied in a blonanserin-poloxamer thermosensitive gel pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Objective: Blood-stasis syndrome (BSS), an important syndrome in Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), is associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications. However, BSS has not been fully characterized as of yet. Due to the strong correlation between BSS and vasculopathy, we hypothesized that the metabolic characteristics of BSS in T2DM (T2DM BSS) are highly specific. By combining untargeted metabolomics and pseudotargeted lipidomics approaches, this study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the metabolic traits of T2DM BSS, thereby providing novel insights into the vascular complications of diabetes and establishing a foundation for precision medicine. Methods: The survey was conducted in Haidian District of Beijing from October 2021 to November 2021, and data collection was completed in January 2022. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted metabolomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based pseudotargeted lipidomics were performed to detect metabolites and lipids. Multivariate, univariate, and pathway analyses were utilized to investigate metabolic changes. The unique metabolites of BSS were obtained by inter-group comparisons and screening. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of metabolites. Results: A total of 1189 participants completed the survey, of which 120 participants were recruited in this study and further divided into a discovery cohort (n = 90) and a validation cohort (n = 30). Among these, 21 participants were selected for psuedotargeted lipidomics analysis. 81 metabolites, mainly involving glycerophospholipids, were identified as unique metabolites of T2DM BSS, while fatty acyls (FAs) were identified as unique lipids. T2DM BSS was associated with significant dysregulation in glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism within cancer pathways as major metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, analyses of both the discovery and validation cohorts, indicated that LysoPC (20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0) and LysoPC (15:0) had the greatest impact on distinguishing BSS. Conclusion: Altered levels of glycerophospholipids and FAs have been associated with T2DM BSS. These results provide valuable mechanistic insights linked with the development of BSS in T2DM subjects.

Abstract Background In recent years, the development of adjunctive therapeutic hyperthermia for cancer therapy has received considerable attention. However, the mechanisms underlying hyperthermia resistance are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of cold‑inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp) in regulating hyperthermia resistance and underlying mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, tumor sphere formation assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot were employed to examine the effects of hyperthermia (HT), HT + oridonin(Ori) or HT + radiotherapy (RT) on the proliferation and stemness of NPC cells. RNA sequencing was applied to gain differentially expressed genes upon hyperthermia. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were used to evaluate the effects of RNAi-mediated Cirbp silencing or Cirbp overexpression on the sensitivity or resistance of NPC cells and cancer stem-like cells to hyperthermia by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, tumorsphere formation assay and apoptosis assay, and in subcutaneous xenograft animal model. miRNA transient transfection and luciferase reporter assay were used to demonstrate that Cirbp is a direct target of miR-377-3p. The phosphorylation levels of key members in ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways were detected by Western blot. Results Our results firstly revealed that hyperthermia significantly attenuated the stemness of NPC cells, while combination treatment of hyperthermia and oridonin dramatically increased the killing effect on NPC cells and cancer stem cell (CSC)‑like population. Moreover, hyperthermia substantially improved the sensitivity of radiation‑resistant NPC cells and CSC‑like cells to radiotherapy. Hyperthermia noticeably suppressed Cirbp expression in NPC cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Furthermore, Cirbp inhibition remarkably boosted anti‑tumor‑killing activity of hyperthermia against NPC cells and CSC‑like cells, whereas ectopic expression of Cirbp compromised tumor‑killing effect of hyperthermia on these cells, indicating that Cirbp overexpression induces hyperthermia resistance. ThermomiR-377-3p improved the sensitivity of NPC cells and CSC‑like cells to hyperthermia in vitro by directly suppressing Cirbp expression. More importantly, our results displayed the significantly boosted sensitization of tumor xenografts to hyperthermia by Cirbp silencing in vivo, but ectopic expression of Cirbp almost completely counteracted hyperthermia-mediated tumor cell-killing effect against tumor xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, Cirbp silencing-induced inhibition of DNA damage repair by inactivating ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways, decrease in stemness and increase in cell death contributed to hyperthermic sensitization; conversely, Cirbp overexpression-induced promotion of DNA damage repair, increase in stemness and decrease in cell apoptosis contributed to hyperthermia resistance. Conclusion Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for Cirbp in positively regulating hyperthermia resistance and suggest that thermomiR-377-3p and its target gene Cirbp represent promising targets for therapeutic hyperthermia.

Traumatic painful neuroma is an intractable clinical disease characterized by improper extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition around the injury site. Studies have shown that the microstructure of natural nerves provides a suitable microenvironment for the nerve end to avoid abnormal hyperplasia and neuroma formation. In this study, we used a decellularized nerve matrix scaffold (DNM-S) to prevent against the formation of painful neuroma after sciatic nerve transection in rats. Our results showed that the DNM-S effectively reduced abnormal deposition of ECM, guided the regeneration and orderly arrangement of axon, and decreased the density of regenerated axons. The epineurium-perilemma barrier prevented the invasion of vascular muscular scar tissue, greatly reduced the invasion of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts into nerve stumps, effectively inhibited scar formation, which guided nerve stumps to gradually transform into a benign tissue and reduced pain and autotomy behaviors in animals. These findings suggest that DNM-S-optimized neuroma microenvironment by ECM remodeling may be a promising strategy to prevent painful traumatic neuromas.

To explore the effect of cell membrane stacking on the function of light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) in purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria, LH2 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (R. sph 2.4.1) was reconstituted into lipid bilayer vesicles (LH2@liposome) and further formed multi-layer structure by electrostatic interaction with poly-l-lysine (LH2@liposome/PLL), which was characterized by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and TEM. When embedded in liposomes and additionally in multi-layer liposomes, the absorption band, zero-crossing point of CD signals and fluorescence emission of LH2 B850 excitons were observed to uniformly have 1–2 nm red-shifting. Combining with the corresponding fluorescence quench and the generation of shorter-living fluorescence species, a new excitonic species generated through B850 structural splitting was proposed. By FT-Raman and triplet carotenoid dynamics, the structural mechanism was deduced and discussed. Briefly, all environmental changes, including LH2 aggregating and multi-layer membrane stacking, eventually applied forces on B850 exciton molecules mainly through the hydrogen bonding between the C3-acetyl carbonyl groups of B850 BChls and Tyr44 and 45 residues at C-terminus of α-polypeptides. The effect of multi-layer structure on LH2 could be assigned as a kind of photoprotection.

Background & Aims: Gut microbiota and microbial factors regulate the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity and metabolic abnormalities, but little is known about their roles in nonobese NAFLD. Expansion of Escherichia is associated with NAFLD pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the pathogenic role of Escherichia fergusonii and its products in the development of nonobese NAFLD. Methods: We characterized the intestinal microbiome signature in a cohort of NAFLD patients and healthy controls by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The role of E fergusonii was estimated in rats after 16 weeks of administration, and features of NAFLD were assessed. E fergusonii–derived microRNA-sized, small RNAs (msRNAs) were analyzed by deep sequencing. Results: We detected an expansion of Escherichia_Shigella in NAFLD patients compared with healthy controls, and its increase was associated with disease severity independent of obesity. E fergusonii, a member of the genus Escherichia, induced the development of nonobese NAFLD characterized by hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning in rats without obesity. It disturbed host lipid metabolism by inhibiting hepatic lipid β-oxidation and promoting de novo lipogenesis. We also showed that E fergusonii caused the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a sizable fraction of animals at an advanced stage of NAFLD. Mechanistically, E fergusonii–derived msRNA 23487 down-regulated host hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression, which could contribute to lipid accumulation in the liver. Conclusions: These results suggest that E fergusonii promotes the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonobese rats by secreting msRNA 23487, and it might be a potential biomarker for predicting steatohepatitis in nonobese NAFLD.

The purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides was selected as a biological model to investigate its response to the toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Cnmim]Br), a type of ionic liquid (IL), with different alkyl chain lengths (n describes the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain). The inhibition of bacterial growth by [Cnmim]Br was positively correlated with n. Morphological characterization revealed that [Cnmim]Br caused cell membrane perforation. The signal amplitude of the electrochromic absorption band shift of endogenous carotenoids showed a negatively linear correlation with n, and the amplitude of the blue-shift of the B850 band in light-harvesting complex 2 showed a positively linear correlation with n. Furthermore, an increase in blocked ATP synthesis and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in chromatophores treated with ILs containing longer alkyl chains. In summary, the purple bacterium can be developed as a model to monitor ecotoxicity and examine the mechanism of IL toxicity.

ObjectiveThe present study was aimed at investigating the intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) and developmental speech and language disorders (DSLDs). We compared the similarities and differences of cognitive capabilities and adaptive functions and explored their correlations in the HFASD and DSLDs groups.Methods128 patients with HFASD, 111 patients with DSLDs and 114 typically developing (TD) children were enrolled into our study. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II) were respectively applied to evaluate intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and adaptive functioning scores among the HFASD, DSLDs and TD groups were compared through one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationships between WISC indices and ABAS domains.ResultsOutcomes showed significantly poorer intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors in HFASD and DSLDs groups. Both children with HFASD and DSLDs demonstrated impairments in verbal comprehension and executive functions. Processing speed and working memory were the predominant defects of children with HFASD and DSLDs in the field of executive functions, respectively. Whereas perceptual reasoning was a relative strength for them. Children with DSLDs had balanced scores of all the domains in ABAS-II; nevertheless, HFASD individuals demonstrated striking impairments in Social domain. Correlation analysis showed IQs of children with HFASD were positively correlated with all the domains and General Adaptive Composite (GAC) of ABAS-II. Additionally, IQs were positively correlated with Conceptual domain and GAC for children with DSLDs. Compared with DSLDs group, intelligence displayed stronger correlations with adaptive behaviors in HFASD group.ConclusionOur study expanded insights regarding intelligence profiles and adaptive behaviors of children with HFASD and DSLDs. Moreover, this study made breakthroughs in discovering positive correlations between IQs and adaptive functions in the two neurodevelopmental disorders.

BackgroundEarly detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid intellectual disability (ID) can help in individualized intervention. Appropriate assessment and diagnostic tools are lacking in primary care. This study aims to explore the applicability of machine learning (ML) methods in diagnosing ASD comorbid ID compared with traditional regression models.MethodFrom January 2017 to December 2021, 241 children with ASD, with an average age of 6.41 ± 1.96, diagnosed in the Developmental Behavior Department of the Children’s Hospital Affiliated with the Medical College of Zhejiang University were included in the analysis. This study trained the traditional diagnostic models of Logistic regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and two ensemble learning algorithms [Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost]. Socio-demographic and behavioral observation data were used to distinguish whether autistic children had combined ID. The hyperparameters adjustment uses grid search and 10-fold validation. The Boruta method is used to select variables. The model’s performance was evaluated using discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultAmong 241 autistic children, 98 (40.66%) were ASD comorbid ID. The four diagnostic models can better distinguish whether autistic children are complicated with ID, and the accuracy of SVM is the highest (0.836); SVM and XGBoost have better accuracy (0.800, 0.838); LR has the best sensitivity (0.939), followed by SVM (0.952). Regarding specificity, SVM, RF, and XGBoost performed significantly higher than LR (0.355). The AUC of ML (SVM, 0.835 [95% CI: 0.747–0.944]; RF, 0.829 [95% CI: 0.738–0.920]; XGBoost, 0.845 [95% CI: 0.734–0.937]) is not different from traditional LR (0.858 [95% CI: 0.770–0.944]). Only SVM observed a good calibration degree. Regarding DCA, LR, and SVM have higher benefits in a wider threshold range.ConclusionCompared to the traditional regression model, ML model based on socio-demographic and behavioral observation data, especially SVM, has a better ability to distinguish whether autistic children are combined with ID.

Background: There is a substantial lack of tacrolimus pharmacokinetic information in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. This study aimed to develop population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of tacrolimus in pediatric HSCT patients and to devise model-guided dosage regimens.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 86 pediatric HSCT patients who received tacrolimus intravenously or orally. A total of 578 tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0) were available for pharmacokinetic analysis using a non-linear mixed-effects modeling method. Demographic and clinical data were included and assessed as covariates via the stepwise method. Bayesian estimators were used to devise pediatric dosage regimens that targeted C0 of 5–15 ng mL−1.Results: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately described the tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. Clearance (CL), volume of distribution (V), and typical bioavailability (F) in this study were estimated to be 2.42 L h−1 (10.84%), 79.6 L (16.51%), and 19% (13.01%), respectively. Body weight, hematocrit, post-transplantation days, and caspofungin and azoles concomitant therapy were considered significant covariates for tacrolimus CL. Hematocrit had a significant impact on the V of tacrolimus. In the subgroup cohort of children (n = 24) with CYP3A5 genotype, the clearance was 1.38-fold higher in CYP3A5 expressers than in non-expressers. Simulation indicated that the initial dosage optimation of tacrolimus for intravenous and oral administration was recommended as 0.025 and 0.1 mg kg−1 d−1 (q12h), respectively.Conclusion: A PopPK model for tacrolimus in pediatric HSCT patients was developed, showing good predictive performance. Model-devised dosage regimens with trough tacrolimus concentrations provide a practical strategy for achieving the therapeutic range.

Summary: Core structures with linear, planar, and spiral conformations have been designed as triphenylamine (TPA)-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs), which are the most prevalent small molecular HTMs in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, most of the reported TPA-based HTMs cannot achieve sufficient balance between efficiency and stability, which is governed by core structures. Herein, a sym-penta(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline)corannulene (cor-OMePTPA) featuring a corannulene core and five TPA peripheral arms is designed as alternative HTM. Planar negative-intrinsic-positive (n-i-p) PSCs with cor-OMePTPA exhibit champion efficiencies of 20% and maintain 86% of their initial performances for more than 1,000 h after thermal annealing at 60°C. Compared with spiro-OMeTAD, cor-OMePTPA-based PSCs show slightly lower efficiencies but much better thermal stabilities. The main merit of cor-OMePTPA lies in its bimolecular interpenetration capability with noncovalent interactions to modulate the HTM configurations from single-molecular curvature to bimolecular planarity, thereby providing promising opportunities to achieve excellent balance between efficiency and stability.

Probiotic intake has been shown to improve certain physiological health indicators. We aimed to examine effects of Lactobacillus casei LTL1879, obtained from long-lived elderly volunteers, on blood biochemical, oxidative, and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in twenty healthy, young volunteers. Volunteers were randomly divided into equal probiotic and placebo groups and changes in blood biochemical indicators, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota were examined after three weeks of probiotic intervention. The probiotic group’s antioxidant levels were significantly enhanced post-intervention. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased (p < 0.0001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased (p < 0.05), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels increased, but with no significant difference. In addition, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated (p < 0.05, respectively). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides expression was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while Clostridium leptum, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus expression increased (p < 0.05). Volunteer health status was quantified using principal components and cluster analysis, indicating that the probiotic group’s overall score was higher than that of the placebo group. The results of this pilot study suggest L. casei LTL 1879 can significantly improve specific immune, oxidative, and gut microbiota characteristics related to health factors.

DPoS (delegated proof of stake) is one of the current mainstream blockchain consensus mechanisms,and the unique node election mechanism makes it form an evolving blockchain community.Analyzing the evolution model of the blockchain community can discover the potential risks of the consensus mechanism,which has very important research significance.For the DPoS consensus mechanism blockchain data,a novel combination analysis method of the consensus mechanism effectiveness is proposed,and a set of visual analysis methods are designed to help users analyze the evolutionary model of the blockchain community from multiple angles.First,it quantifies the difference between the degree of completion of the work and the voting ranking before and after the node ranking change and analyzes the selection efficiency and incentive efficiency of the consensus mechanism;then,it focuses on the combined efficiency of the consensus mechanism,the evolution of the geographical distribution of nodes,and the comparison of the evolutionary differences between nodes and designs visual views and interactive means;finally,it designs and implements a visual analysis system of blockchain community evolution based on the DPoS consensus mechanism based on the real data of the EOS main chain and verifies the usability and effectiveness of this method through case studies and expert evaluation.