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Meteorological conditions are fundamental factors in the development of viticulture anywhere in the world. Considering this, the viticultural climate and climate variability of Santana do Livramento, Campanha Gaúcha, Brazil, was characterized based on the three bioclimatic indices defined by the Geoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification (MCC) System – cool night index (CI), heliothermal index (HI) and dryness index (DI) – in addition to a modified dryness index (DImodified). The observed climate variability was correlated with the three phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – namely, El Niño, La Niña and neutral phase. El Niño events presented typically higher DI and DImodified values and lower HI values. La Niña events showed typically the opposite pattern, lower DI and DImodified values and higher HI values. Neutral conditions were characterized mostly by intermediate values for DI and DImodified as well as HI but the highest amplitude of CI values. The DImodified followed by DI and HI were the indexes presenting the highest correlation with the polarization of ENSO phases.

ABSTRACT: The Campanha Gaúcha region has recently (2020) received an Indication of Provenance (‘IP Campanha Gaúcha’) for wines and sparkling wines. Scientific data and research developed during the last decades could provide the necessary information for this first characterization of the area. Nevertheless, there is a lack of detailed data about the composition of Campanha Gaúcha wines. In this study, five Campanha Gaúcha white wines of different grape varieties (Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay) produced in the 2018 vintage were collected directly from the winery and followed analyses of several volatile and phenolic compounds. The 2018 vintage was rated among the best of the 3 preceding decades for this region. The results, originated from this excellent vintage, demonstrate the qualitative potential of the region for the wines elaborated with the grape varieties covered by this study. They are important records for the construction and enlargement of databases for future research and can also provide further scientific basis for more detailed definition of intra-regional and inter-regional differences and similarities regarding the characteristics of Campanha Gaúcha wines.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência dos processos de extração arraste de vapor (S1) e enzimático (S2) sobre a composição polifenólica de sucos de uva das variedades Bordô, Concord e BRS Violeta produzidos na região do Vale do Rio do Peixe-SC. Foram identificados e quantificados 12 compostos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD), que diferiram sua concentração de acordo com a variedade e sistema de extração. A partir de análises de componentes principais observou-se que ‘BRS Violeta’ apresentou forte correlação com os ácidos cafeico e 4-hidroxibenzóico, bem como, com catequina e tirosol e a soma dos compostos fenólicos. ‘Bordô’ no S1 e S2 apresentaram a maior concentração para t-resveratrol e ácido vanílico. ‘Concord’ S1 e S2, apresentaram as menores concentrações de fenóis. A variedade foi determinante para a concentração final de cada composto fenólico, devido aos determinantes genéticos e propriedades tecnológicas. Os sistemas de extração influenciam na composição fenólica dos sucos, no entanto, o impacto sobre cada composto específico foi diferente em cada variedade.

O presente estudo investigou o potencial qualitativo de sucos de uvas Concord e Bordô elaborados na região da Campanha Gaúcha. Para tanto, três experimentos foram desenvolvidos, avaliando-se e comparando-se: sucos de uva produzidos em diferentes locais da Campanha Gaúcha (Experimento 1); sucos de uva produzidos na Campanha Gaúcha e Serra Gaúcha (Experimento 2); sucos elaborados por diferentes sistemas de extração (Experimento 3). A qualidade dos sucos foi avaliada por análises físico-químicas e de compostos bioativos. Os fatores que mais influenciaram na qualidade dos sucos dentro da Campanha Gaúcha foram a variedade da uva, o ciclo produtivo e, por último, o local de produção (dentro da região). Os sucos elaborados com uvas provenientes da região da Campanha Gaúcha apresentaram qualidade igual ou superior à daqueles produzidos na região da Serra Gaúcha, de acordo com os parâmetros avaliados. O método de extração do suco impactou na sua qualidade. Sucos elaborados com o uso de enzimas e trocadores de calor tiveram maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e maiores teores de compostos bioativos. Dessa forma, pôde-se concluir que a região da Campanha Gaúcha apresenta condições para produção de sucos de uva ao mercado Brasileiro, atendendo a todos os parâmetros necessários de qualidade avaliados nesse estudo.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc wines produced in the Campanha Gaúcha region. The must obtained by mechanical destemming and crushing was treated with 150 mg L of potassium metabisulfite and pectolitic enzymes and subject to enzymatic hidrolisis and débourbage for 24h00 at 4°C. The must was divided into glass fermenters of 4,6 L, in triplicate for each of the four treatments, which were defined by the inoculation of 25g hL-1 of dry yeast: T1 - Zymaflore X5® (Laffort, Bordeaux, France); T2 - AWRI 796 (AB Biotek, Sydney, Australia); T3 - Maurivim PDM (AB Biotek, Sydney, Australia); T4 - 50% Zymaflore X5® + 50% AWRI 796. The wines were analyzed, regarding: ethanol; reducing sugars; total acidity; volatile acidity; pH; dry matter; and ash. The most significant differences were observed in: ethanol; reducing sugars; pH; dry matter. Among the treatments inoculated with single strains, T1 showed higher ethanol and lower reducing sugars content. T3 presented results similar to T1. T2 resulted in higher content of reducing sugars and consequently lower ethanol levels. The mixed fermentation (T4) achieved the lowest levels of reducing sugars among the treatments. It suggests that mixed fermentations could be an alternative to produce drier wines.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical composition of juices from the 'Bordô' and 'BRS Cora' grapes grown in an organic production system in the Serra do Sudeste region, in Southern Brazil, as well as to compare the cultivar results with data from other producing regions and with the requirements of the Brazilian regulation for whole grape juice. The used grapes came from a commercial vineyard, especifically from the 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 production cycles. The juices were prepared by the steam drag method and evaluated for their physicochemical composition. The fruit showed suitable values for the parameters necessary for grape juice production. In general, the juices showed bioactive compounds contents similar to those obtained in other regions. The 'Bordô' juices evaluated in the three production cycles showed significant differences for several variables, which were attributed to the influence of weather on grape maturity. The juices of 'BRS Cora' showed high-consistency qualitative results even under the very distinct meteorological conditions of the three production cycles. The juices comply with the current Brazilian regulation for whole grape juice, except for soluble solids, which are severely lowered by the used extraction technique.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a well-known source of interannual variability in the climate of Santana do Livramento, Campanha Gaúcha, Brazil. It affects the agronomic responses of several crops grown in the region. Analysis of a dataset comprising observations of grape yield and sugar content in 11 white and 17 red grape cultivars over the last 3 decades revealed some patterns. In the long term (several years or decades), yield and sugar content showed a negative relationship, that is, larger crop loads resulted in lower sugar content at harvest. However, a number of calculations and principal component analyses showed that annual yield and sugar content fluctuations in the short term can be better explained by considering as reference points only the results obtained for each crop one and two years before. Based on these simple calculations, there was a clear separation between El Niño and La Niña events. In the vineyards of this region, La Niña events typically tend to result in higher grape yields and sugar content at harvest, while the opposite is true for El Niño, which tend to produce lower grape yields and sugar content at harvest. The results of neutral events are typically closer to those of El Niño events.