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This investigation uses the Tiwari and Das nanofluid model to enhance the heat transfer rate in Sutterby nanofluid over a Riga plate. The effects of heat source/sink, viscosity dispersion, and mass flow for water-based fluids are also considered in this work. Sutterby fluid has been utilized to investigate the rheological features of nanofluids. The transverse Lorentz force produced by the Riga plate assists in the flow down the plate by producing an electromagnetic field. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the presence of two different types of nanoparticles in water, specifically silicon carbide (SiC) and copper (Cu). Dimensionless variables are first used to convert the mathematical model into a non-dimensional form. The similarity approach is then used to further rewrite the non-dimensional partial differential equations into a set of similarity equations. The bvp4c function in MATLAB software provides a numerical solution to these equations. The effects on temperature and velocity profiles of many physical factors, including the Reynold number, heat source/sink, and Deborah number, have been analyzed and presented. Furthermore, using tables, a detailed analysis of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt numbers is conducted. The results show that convective flow is suppressed when solid nanoparticles are added to the base fluid. The velocity distribution improves as Deborah and Reynold's numbers get a higher value. Also, the temperature field improves by incrementing exponential and thermal heat source/sink parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous potential of nanotechnology has drawn attention to many different fields. Using nanoparticles, bio-convection has become a key phenomenon in industrial and technical applications. Nanofluids have emerged as effective solutions for addressing complex heat transfer challenges in modern engineering. This study aims to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional model of Sutterby nanofluid flow with bio-convection, investigating the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, gyrotactic microorganisms, and magnetic fields on thermal efficiency and entropy generation. By investigating entropy optimization, chemical processes, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field effects, the research aims to improve Sutterby nanofluid efficiency. This model reveals the dynamics of Sutterby nanofluid behavior by using partial differential equations (PDEs) and successively converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The converted equations are solved numerically using numerical technique bvp4c. The results of analyses show relationships between the concentration of nanofluid, Biot numbers, and microorganism profiles. The results indicate that while an increase in Biot number improves microorganism profiles, an increase in Lewis and Peclet numbers decreases nanofluid concentration. Critical elements that greatly affect mass distribution, heat transmission, and flow dynamics include magnetic fields, chemical processes, and activation energy. With the help of tables, the effects of physical parameters on skin friction, Nusselt numbers, and local Sherwood numbers are thoroughly investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the enactment of a two-dimensional, steady, non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The utilization of magnetic influences acting in the direction normal to the Darcy–Forchheimer boundary layer flow of the Sutterby nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity is taken into consideration. This study takes into account the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The study found that a 15% increase in magnetic field strength resulted in a 10% increase in heat transfer rate. Similarly, a 20% increase in nanoparticle volume percentage causes a 12% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. The problem’s model is formulated in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), transformed via similarity transformation into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Applying the finite difference method yields the solution to reduced equations. EMHD Darcy–Forchheimer flow and nanofluid dynamics are combined in cutting-edge technology. This is important for many industrial and technical applications. Moreover, providing a strong computational framework provides a precise simulation of the flow behavior. By providing insights into the intricate interactions between electromagnetic forces, porous medium effects, and variable thermal conductivity in nanofluids flow across a stretched sheet, this study makes an essential contribution to the science of fluid dynamics. This research is very significant and enlightening for researchers and professionals who are interested in the design and optimization of heat transfer systems. The fluid flow is examined thoroughly and graphically, and the relationship between the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration and other important physical limitations is investigated. The effect of various physical parameters on concentration, velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and heat flow coefficient is verified and examined using graphs and tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc nanoparticles, for their potential in drug delivery due to their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility when combined with Sutterby fluid suspended in the sodium alginate acts as a natural biopolymer, and this colloid delivers the drugs more effectively to target sites.The major focus of this study is on the convective and Stefan blowing boundary conditions on the two-dimensional unsteady laminar flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid across a stretched sheet when there is chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation.The partial differential equation system modelled for the current situation is transformed as a series of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by utilizing appropriately defined transformations. The bvp4c technique is an implicit shooting scheme that solves the highly nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations. The processing of nanomaterials at high temperatures is pertinent to the current investigation. Using diagrams and tables, the numerical findings of the steady and unsteady solutions for the wall shear stress, heat and solute transfer rates, temperature, velocity, and concentration are explained.The study showed great agreement when compared to previously available research work. It was determined that velocity and magnetic fields had an exact opposite relationship. With an increase in stretching surface temperature, the convective parameter rises. In terms of physical characteristics, the fluid's thermal conductivity rises and rises the temperature. The slow momentum gain in the stretching scenario leads to increased fluid temperature due to the interplay between friction and energy transfer. Increasing boundary layer thickness is found in the fluid velocity curves with increasing power law index values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To respond to the demands of modern technological processes, the employment of nanofluids to maximize energy efficiency has been a topic of interest to many scientists. The stability of such nanofluids can be appropriately enhanced with the use of gyrotactic microorganisms. In the current framework, we inspect the triple-diffusive bioconvection flow of electro-magnetized Sutterby nanofluid via an oscillatory stretchable surface with Brownian diffusion of both nanoparticles and microorganisms, thermophoresis, buoyancy, and inertial forces. With the utilization of acceptable dimensionless variables, the governed flow equations are first metamorphosed into non-dimensional form, and solutions of the resulting equations are computed using the overlapping grid spectral collocation scheme. The rationale for choosing this numerical approach is provided by computing residual errors and condition numbers. The significance of physical parameters on the quantities of engineering interest and flow profiles is discussed. The main results include that reduced surface shear stress and minimal oscillatory nature of velocity are achieved with the inclusion of porous media, inertial forces, bioconvection, and nanofluid buoyancy forces. Temperature and rate of heat transfer are upsurged with the existence of variable thermal conductivity, nonlinear radiation, and convective heat conditions, which advocate that such features promote superior heat transport within the Sutterby working fluid. Growth in solutal Dufour Lewis number increases solutal concentration while reducing solutal-mass transfer rate. Improvement in microbial Brownian diffusion parameter causes enhancement in the rate of motile microorganisms transfer and reduction in the concentration of gyrotactic microorganisms. This implies that the random motion of motile microorganisms plays a prominent role in the dynamics of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to enhanced features of nanomaterials, various applications of such materials have been suggested in the thermal systems, heat exchanges, electronic cooling systems, coolant processes, energy production etc. Following to such motivated applications, the objective of current analysis is to presents the bioconvective double stratification flow of Sutterby nanofluid due to bidirectional moving surface. The thermal interpretation of problem is subject to utilization of radiative effects, activation energy and heat source. The observations for heat, mass and microorganism's assessment are performed by using the convective boundary conditions. Shooting numerical simulations are performed for modeled problem. It is noticed that heat transfer enhances due to thermal stratification parameter. An increment in mass transfer is subject to larger values of mass stratification Biot number. The claimed results offer significance in controlling the heating and cooling processes, thermal devices, energy generation, manufacturing developments, solar systems etc.

Recently, the polymer methodologies, in addition to polymer melt, are actually the rheological occurrences containing the normal stresses, non-Newtonian viscous influence and fluctuating with respect to the time elastic properties. The Sutterby liquid that defines the governing model for extremely polymeric aqueous solutions is amongst the utmost essential non-Newtonian liquids. The scientists have established a massive obligation to re-establish exhausting Sutterby nanofluids for heat transfer with respect to the numerous uses of nanofluids. Here, in this paper, the thought of Sutterby nanofluid considering the aspects of activation energy has been elaborated. Additionally, the heat sink/source and magnetic properties have been studied. The suitable conversions have been utilized to attain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved via bvp4c algorithm. The study indicated that velocity field decays for magnetic factor; however, temperature field enhancing for Brownian and thermophoresis is a factor. Furthermore, activation energy and Lewis factors, respectively, have a reversed impact on the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe dynamics of partly ionized fluid flow, when subjected to a magnetic field, differ considerably from that of typical fluid flow. The main applications of the partially ionized fluids including thermal arc plasma cutting, gas discharge lamps, lighting, and plasma medicine have made them vital when discussed under the effects of the applied magnetic field. This study discusses the flow of the Sutterby nanofluid over a stretching disk with Hall and ion slip effects amalgamated with Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion. The uniqueness of the envisaged model is enriched by considering the gyrotactic microorganisms. The system of governing equations is normalized and addressed numerically by applying the bvp4c package of MATLAB software. The outcomes are depicted via graphs and in tabularized form. It is perceived that fluid velocity is affected by the Hall current parameter. For the bioconvection Lewis number, a decline in the microorganism distribution is also observed. In addition, it is also perceived that the fluid concentration is enhanced against mass diffusion relaxation stress. The validity of the envisioned model by comparing it with a published study is also a part of this exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, flow behavior of magnetized Sutterby nanoliquid due to rotating permeable disk is investigated. Suspended solid nanoparticles are stabilized with the help of bioconvection and buoyancy forces. Energy and concentration relations are respectively modeled taking thermal radiation and Arrhenius energy. Additionally, binary chemical reaction in nanomaterial flow is accounted. Flow governing radiated Sutterby nanomaterial is expressed by dimensional equations using boundary layer suppositions. Using appropriate transformations, the dimensional system is altered to a nondimensional one. The nondimensional governing equations are solved via Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg method (RKF-45). The effective consequences of diverse flow regulating variables on fluid velocity, thermal field, mass concentration, and motile microorganisms density are studied via various curves. Surface drag force, heat transfer, density number, and Sherwood number are computed numerically and analyzed. It is observed that velocity components diminished versus rising Hartman number, Reynolds number, fluid material variable, and porosity parameter. Further, it is observed that chemical reaction and activation energy have opposite impacts on mass concentration. Major observations of current exploration are itemized at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discusses the impact of microbial activity by considering Sutterby nanofluid over a stretching surface with the Brownian motion and porous medium. Thermophoretic effects are the measure concerned to balance the temperature of the fluid to generate the improved results. We include these effects in our model with some other parameters like Brownian motion and microbial activity. The stratification phenomenon is considered for the evaluation of heat generation/absorption over the horizontal sheet in the Sutterby nanofluid. The porous medium and chemical reaction with microbial activity is further analyzed in an incompressible Sutterby nanofluid. With the help of some suitable similarity transformations, the initial boundary conditions and the governing partial differential equations of our model are converted into the coupled structure of ordinary differential equations and final boundary conditions. The Spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) is used to numerically solve these ordinary differential equations to evaluate the impacts of various parameters taken in our model. The graphical representation of different parameters is analyzed for the flow, temperature, solutal and microbial distribution. The coefficients of physical interest are also analyzed and show good results in favor. The rise of nanofluid parameters declines the flow profile of the fluid while enhancing the temperature profile and falling for the thermal stratification phenomenon. The Sutterby nanofluid model also incorporates the behavior of dilatant solutions and pseudoplastic which is helpful in various engineering processes and industries. This model is ideal for polymeric melts as well as high polymer resolutions.

The classical viscous theory is limited to illustrating the characteristics of several materials like pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids. Sutterby fluid has the features of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids because of its Power law index. Therefore, this study considered an incompressible, time-independent and electrically conducting Sutterby fluid flow across a rotating and stretchable disk. The disk experiences the effect of porous space. The energy equation has variable conductivity, heat source and thermal relaxation time features while mass equation exploits the influence of chemical reaction. The aspects of Buongiorno nanofluid theory are also examined in the Sutterby flow model. The phenomenon of Stefan blowing is analysed through mass transfer rate at the surface of disk. The flow expressions are first transferred into a new system of single independent variable and then treated numerically via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method combined through shooting process. The behaviour of distinguished physical quantities is discussed graphically on momentum, mass species and thermal fields. The numeric data of drag force, Sherwood number and Nusselt number is calculated against several physical parameters.

In biotechnology and biosensors bioconvection along with microorganisms play a important role. This article communicates a theoretic numerical analysis concerning the bioconvective Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretchable wedge surface. Bioconvection is a remarkable occurrence of undercurrents fluid that is produced owing to the turning of microbes. It is considered for hydrodynamics unsteadiness and forms classified in interruption of inclined swimming microbes. Bioconvection is perceived practically in many uses for example pharmaceutical products, bio sensing applications, biomedical, bio-micro systems, biotechnology advancements and refining of mathematical models. Additionally, unsteady parameter influences are taken into account. Furthermore, no mass flux as well as heat sink/source consequences are measured in existing analysis. The similarity transformation are established for the non-linear PDEs of microorganism's field, nanofluid concentration, energy, momentum and mass for bioconvection flow of Sutterby nanofluid. Then, altered non-linear ODEs are resolved by utilizing the bvp4c technique. Moreover, nanofluids are declining in thermal and concentration fields and the greater number of Peclet number declines the field of microorganisms. Acquired numerical data displays that temperature field of nanofluid increases for more thermophoretic and unsteady parameters.

In this paper, we have investigated the electroosmotic-driven flow of Sutterby nanofluid under the peristaltic mechanism with the influence of a magnetic field. The flow of fluid is taken into the undulating asymmetrical microchannel. Using Debye-Hückel linearization approximation, the fluid velocity and temperature profiles were calculated. The nanofluid flow is considered in the static electric field on the horizontal side and the applied external magnetic field in the transversal direction. The flow pattern also considers thermal radiation and the Joule heating parameter. Governing fluid flow equations such as continuity, momentum and temperature equations are reduced in consideration of the long wavelength and the very tiny Reynolds number approximation. The resulting nonlinear equations are resolved numerically with the help of the built-in NDSolve function made available in the computational mathematical software MATHEMATICA. Graphical illustrations of the fluid velocity profile, temperature and Trapping phenomenon (Streamlines) have been explained in detail. It is found that increasing the values of Hartmann number velocity of the nanofluid diminishes, and the temperature of the fluid enhances. Results from the Sutterby nanofluid model might have a broad range of applications, such as cancer tissue destruction, disease diagnosis, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, Sutterby nanofluid flow with an induced magnetic field at a nonlinear stretching cylinder is deliberated. The effects of variable thermal conductivity, Darcy resistance, and viscous dissipation are discussed. Thermal radiation and chemical reaction are considered to analyze the impact on the nonlinear stretching cylinder. The governing model of the flow problem is developed under the boundary layer approximation in terms of partial differential equations. Partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by performing the suitable transformations. A numerical structure is applied to explain ordinary differential equations. The impact of each governing physical parameters on the temperature, concentration, skin friction, Sherwood, and Nusselt number is presented in graphs and tabular form. Increment in Prandtl number, which declined the curves of the temperature function. Temperature declined because the Prandtl number declined the thermal thickness as well as reduce the temperature of the fluid. Temperature curves showed improvement as Eckert number values increased because the Eckert number is a ratio of kinetic energy to the specific enthalpy difference between the wall and the fluid. As a result, increasing the Eckert number causes the transformation of kinetic energy into internal energy via work done against viscous fluid stresses.

Article Highlights A non-Newtonian Sutterby nanofluid flow model subjected to the combined effects of the electric field, magnetic field, and quadratic thermal radiation flux is examined. The finding shows that an artificial feed-forward network with one hidden layer can approximate any arbitrarily complex function with sufficient units. The findings of the study have implications for nano-coating spin processing in the chemical engineering industry.

Character of activation energy and nanofluids has a prominent significance in the field of oil reservoir, chemical engineering, geothermal engineering, heat exchanger, food processing, heat and mass transportation and cooling devices. The aim of current study is to present the mathematical modeling and numerical solutions of three dimensional flow of Sutterby nanofluid past a bidirectional moving surface under the influences of mixed convection, binary chemical reactions, viscous dissipation and activation energy. Boundary layer theory is abduced to model the physical problem in the form of partial differential equations. The obtained partial differential system is metamorphosed into ordinary differential system by operating appropriate conversion. Fehlberg Runge Kutta scheme is applied to derive the numerical simulations of reduced non-dimensional differential model. It is gripping to explore that fluid velocities f′(η) and g′(η) have opposite behavior due to the enrichment of Sutterby fluid parameter β₁. Additionally, higher approximation of chemical reaction parameter and activation energy parameter has reverse trends on nanoparticle concentration.

Abstract This study examines the electro-kinetic peristaltic movement of a Sutterby nanofluid under the influence of entropy generation and Bejan number. The fluid flow was introduced into the undulating asymmetrical microchannel. The Sutterby nanofluid flow was considered in the static electric field in the horizontal direction and the applied external magnetic field in the transverse direction. The mathematical formulation of the implications of Bejan number and entropy generation are also explored. The governing fluid flow equations, such as the continuity, momentum, and temperature equations, are reduced considering the tiny wave number and the small Reynolds number approximation. The resulting nonlinear equations were resolved numerically with the help of the built-in NDSolve coding through the computational mathematical software MATHEMATICA. Graphical illustrations of the fluid velocity profile, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, and trapping phenomenon (streamlines) are presented in detail. The results from the Sutterby nanofluid model might have a broad range of applications, such as cancer tissue destruction, disease diagnosis, etc. It was concluded that there is a decrease in the fluid velocity and an increase in the Hartmann number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discusses the impact of microbial activity by considering Sutterby nanofluid over a stretching surface with the Brownian motion and porous medium. Thermophoretic effects are the measure concerned to balance the temperature of the fluid to generate the improved results. We include these effects in our model with some other parameters like Brownian motion and microbial activity. The stratification phenomenon is considered for the evaluation of heat generation/absorption over the horizontal sheet in the Sutterby nanofluid. The porous medium and chemical reaction with microbial activity is further analyzed in an incompressible Sutterby nanofluid. With the help of some suitable similarity transformations, the initial boundary conditions and the governing partial differential equations of our model are converted into the coupled structure of ordinary differential equations and final boundary conditions. The Spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) is used to numerically solve these ordinary differential equations to evaluate the impacts of various parameters taken in our model. The graphical representation of different parameters is analyzed for the flow, temperature, solutal and microbial distribution. The coefficients of physical interest are also analyzed and show good results in favor. The rise of nanofluid parameters declines the flow profile of the fluid while enhancing the temperature profile and falling for the thermal stratification phenomenon. The Sutterby nanofluid model also incorporates the behavior of dilatant solutions and pseudoplastic which is helpful in various engineering processes and industries. This model is ideal for polymeric melts as well as high polymer resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, Sutterby nanofluid flow with an induced magnetic field at a nonlinear stretching cylinder is deliberated. The effects of variable thermal conductivity, Darcy resistance, and viscous dissipation are discussed. Thermal radiation and chemical reaction are considered to analyze the impact on the nonlinear stretching cylinder. The governing model of the flow problem is developed under the boundary layer approximation in terms of partial differential equations. Partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by performing the suitable transformations. A numerical structure is applied to explain ordinary differential equations. The impact of each governing physical parameters on the temperature, concentration, skin friction, Sherwood, and Nusselt number is presented in graphs and tabular form. Increment in Prandtl number, which declined the curves of the temperature function. Temperature declined because the Prandtl number declined the thermal thickness as well as reduce the temperature of the fluid. Temperature curves showed improvement as Eckert number values increased because the Eckert number is a ratio of kinetic energy to the specific enthalpy difference between the wall and the fluid. As a result, increasing the Eckert number causes the transformation of kinetic energy into internal energy via work done against viscous fluid stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main of this article is to analyze magnetohydrodynamic bioconvective flow of Sutterby nanoliquid. Gyrotactic microorganism in presence of chemical reaction is addressed. Thermophoretic, magnetic field, random motion heat generation and radiation are discussed. Furthermore, Dufour and Soret behaviors are taken into account. Thermal conduction augmentation performance is discussed by utilization Boungiorno's model. Nonlinear PDE's (partial differential equations) are changed to ordinary system through appropriate variables. To developed computational solutions, we used the ND-solve technique. Results for temperature, microorganism field, liquid flow, and concentration are exhibited through different emerging variables. The physical quantities like Nusselt number, microorganism density number and solutal transport rate for various sundry variables are presented. Summary of main results re highlighted in the conclusions. Velocity reduces against magnetic field, while reverse trend seen for buoyancy ratio variable. Thermal distribution has an enhancing trend for magnetic and radiation variables. An enhancement in concentration distribution is seen for Soret number.

Owing to enhanced thermal impact of nanomaterials, different applications are suggested in engineering and industrial systems like heat transfer devices, energy generation, extrusion processes, engine cooling, thermal systems, heat exchanger, chemical processes, manufacturing systems, hybrid-powered plants etc. The current communication concerns the optimized flow of Sutterby nanofluid due to stretched surface in view of different thermal sources. The investigation is supported with the applications of external heat source, magnetic force and radiative phenomenon. The irreversibility investigation is deliberated with implementation of thermodynamics second law. The thermophoresis and random movement characteristics are also studied. Additionally, first order binary reaction is also examined. The nonlinear system of the governing problem is obtained which are numerically computed by s method. The physical aspects of prominent flow parameters are attributed graphically. Further, the analysis for entropy generation and Bejan number is focused. It is observed that the velocity profile increases due to Reynolds number and Deborah number. Larger Schmidt number reduces the concentration distribution. Further, the entropy generation is improved against Reynolds number and Brinkman parameter.

Based on both the characteristics of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids, the Sutterby fluid has various applications in engineering and industrial fields. Due to the dual nature of the Sutterby fluid, the motive of the current study is to scrutinize the variable physical effects on the Sutterby nanofluid flow subject to shear thickening and shear thinning behavior over biaxially stretchable exponential and nonlinear sheets. The steady flow mechanism with the variable magnetic field, partial slip effects, and variable heat source/sink is examined over both stretchable sheets. The analysis of mass and heat transfer is carried out with the mutual impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion through the Buongiorno model. Suitable transformations for both exponential and nonlinear sheets are implemented on the problem's constitutive equations. As a result, the nonlinear setup of ordinary differential equations is acquired which is further numerically analyzed through the bvp4c technique in MATLAB. The graphical explanation of temperature, velocity, and concentration distributions exhibits that the exponential sheet provides more significant results as compared to the nonlinear sheet. Further, this study revealed that for the shear thickening behavior of Sutterby nanofluid, the increasing values of Deborah number increase the axial velocity.

In the present article, radiative Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretchable cylinder is considered. The suspended swimming microorganisms have been deliberated in the fluid analysis. Different processes such as Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Joules heating, and viscous dissipation have been inspected in the presences of stratification parameters. The solutions for flow profiles have been obtained via optimal homotopy analysis method. Impacts of different physical involved variables on non‐dimensional velocity, temperature, nanofluid concentration, and concentration of density of swimming microorganisms have been debated. Coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile organisms have been calculated. The results reveal that Sutterby fluid parameter enhances the skin friction and has a reverse impact on the velocity, while an increase in stratification causes a declination in the flow boundary layers. The temperature of the flow is also seen to be boosted by the increment in Brownian motion parameter. Analysis of entropy generation shows that the concentration difference parameter maximizes the entropy and minimizes the dimensionless Bejan number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A realistic approach to upsurge heat transference performance encompasses elevating the thermal attributes of working liquid. Nanoliquids (engendered by diffusing nano-particles in base liquid) have appeared as a favorable solution. Such liquids can be effectually deployed as either fundamental or alternative coolants in thermonuclear reactors because of their better thermal attributes. This communication scrutinizes the characteristics of magnetically driven Sutterby nanoliquid dual diffusive flow confined by squeezed regime. Convective flow based on varying thermal-solutal constraints (i.e., dual stratification) is modeled. Thermal analysis features radiative heat-transfer together with convective heating while mass-transfer characteristics are scrutinized under chemical reaction. Relevant transformations are deployed to reduce partial differential mathematical expressions into the ordinary mathematical expressions. Efficient numerical scheme is deployed for nonlinear computational analysis. The derived numerical solutions are utilized to inspect how distinct physically operating factors impact flow velocity together with nanoliquid concentration, drag coefficient and temperature. It is apparent that nanoliquid temperature upsurges for escalating estimations of diffusion factors (Brownian and thermophoretic). Furthermore, the drag coefficient decays subject to buoyancy factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Darcy-Frochheimer flow scheme is important in industries where a higher stream rate impact is a prominent occurrence, for illustration in, petroleum engineering. In this article, we examine the influence of Cattaneo-Christov heat fluxing on the Darcy-Frochheimer flowing of Sutterby nanofluid via stretchable surface with chemical reactive and heat radiative impacts. The highest-order nonlinear partial differential equation is addressed by utilizing the similarity function and a new set of the ordinary differential equation is developed. The obtained equations are then numerically examined by using the bvp4c technique in MATLAB. The graphical behavior for numerous aspects, such as velocity, solutal, thermal, drag coefficient, and heat transport are illustrated for particular non-dimensional variables. Skin fraction and velocity curve decline with the higher valuation of the Frochheimer number. An augmentation in the thermal curve due to the heat source/sink parameter, but a reverse pattern is observed for the Nusselt number. The reverse pattern is observed for the thermal curve and solutal curve via a higher Brownian motion parameter. Compared with the existing research, the outcomes demonstrate excellent congruence.

The classical viscous theory is limited to illustrating the characteristics of several materials like pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids. Sutterby fluid has the features of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids because of its Power law index. Therefore, this study considered an incompressible, time-independent and electrically conducting Sutterby fluid flow across a rotating and stretchable disk. The disk experiences the effect of porous space. The energy equation has variable conductivity, heat source and thermal relaxation time features while mass equation exploits the influence of chemical reaction. The aspects of Buongiorno nanofluid theory are also examined in the Sutterby flow model. The phenomenon of Stefan blowing is analysed through mass transfer rate at the surface of disk. The flow expressions are first transferred into a new system of single independent variable and then treated numerically via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method combined through shooting process. The behaviour of distinguished physical quantities is discussed graphically on momentum, mass species and thermal fields. The numeric data of drag force, Sherwood number and Nusselt number is calculated against several physical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impact of activation energy and transiting parameters on the two-dimensional stagnation point flow of magnetized Sutterby nanofluid of nano-biofilm incorporating with microorganisms over the porous surface has been examined. Prior research suggests that both the fluid viscosity and thermal conductance are temperature-dependent. Also, the effects of solutal concentration on fluid viscosity, heat capacity and nanofluid properties have been elaborated. In recent years, numerous technical strategies comprising hydromagnetic fluxes and thermal intensification in porosity media, like molding, condenser heat exchanger, liquefied metal filtration, fusion control and nuclear reactor coolant, have been addressed. According to numerous empirical studies, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles are largely dependent on the intensity of nanoparticles rather than the temperature. The classical RK-4 method with shooting technique has been used. The significance of involving parameters in the domains of heat, velocity, density and concentration has been illustrated. The effect of nondimensional parameters on the skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number has been discussed. The nanoparticle density increases with the activating energy effects and thermophoresis factor and rapidly decreases for Lewis number and Brownian factor. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles increase as the concentration-dependent properties do, but all physical quantities deteriorate for all concentration-varying factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This exhibition produces electromagnetic hydrodynamic phenomena over a fluid flow. A new study model is formed with the Sutterby nanofluid flow through the Riga plate, which is crucial to the structure of several industrial and entering advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the entropy analysis of Sutterby nanofluid flow over the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux were used to examine the behaviour of heat and mass relaxation time. The bioconvective motile microorganisms and nanoparticles are taken into consideration. The system of equations for the current flow problems is converted from a highly non-linear partial system to an ordinary system through an appropriate transformation. The effect of the obtained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plots in detail. Further, the velocity distribution is enhanced for a greater Deborah number value and it is reduced for a higher Reynolds number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flows. Microorganism distribution decreases with the increased magnitude of Peclet number, Bioconvection Lewis number and microorganism concentration difference number. Two types of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter (β = −2.5, β = 2.5). Finally, the validation of the present model is achieved with the previously available literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This Riga plate creates an electric and magnetic field, where a transverse Lorentz force is generated that contributes to the flow along the plate. A new study field has been created by Sutterby nanofluid flows down the Riga plate, which is crucial to the creation of several industrial advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres, and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the second law analysis of MHD Sutter by nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov Double Diffusion heat and mass flux have been created to examine the behaviour of relaxation time. The bioconvection of motile microorganisms and chemical reactions are taken into consideration. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODE's) that are subsequently solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of pertained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plot in detail. Further, the velocity distribution enhances and reduces for greater value Deborah number and Reynold number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flow. Microorganism distribution decreases with the augmented magnitude of Peclet number (P e) , Bioconvection Lewis number (L b) , and microorganism concentration difference number (ϖ) . The entropy production distribution is increased for the greater estimations of the Reynolds number (Re L) and Brinkman parameter (B r) . Two sets of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter. Finally, for the justification of these outcomes, tables of comparison are made with various variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of pharmaceutical procedures, nuclear reactor cooling, pace technology, thermal insulation, crushing, geothermal reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery involving chemically reactive systems has a significance in mass transport. Additionally, nanofluids with swimming microorganisms have great significance in medicine, cancer therapy, micro fluidics devices and enzyme biosensor. Main focus of present communication is to analyze the impact of melting phenomena and nonlinear chemical reactions aspects on transient bioconvection flow of sutterby nanoliquid with gyrotactic microorganisms and heat source/sink. Additionally, activation energy and nonlinear radiations influences are invoked. Furthermore, a novel revised nanofluid model disclosed by Kuznetsov and Nield is applied to measure heat and mass transport. The basic PDEs embodying the conservation of microorganisms, nanoparticle concentration, energy, momentum and mass are persuaded into highly nonlinear coupled ODEs. Numerical solutions are executed via Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RK45) scheme for the presence and absence of melting process. Comparative analysis with existing study are performed and reflected in excellent agreement. It is interesting to notice that microorganism field and nanoparticle concentration are depressed due to augmentation of reaction rate parameter for M=0.0 and M=0.5. It is also pointed out that heat transfer rate is better for the case M=0.5 when compared to the case.

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This Riga plate creates an electric and magnetic field, where a transverse Lorentz force is generated that contributes to the flow along the plate. A new study field has been created by Sutterby nanofluid flows down the Riga plate, which is crucial to the creation of several industrial advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres, and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the second law analysis of MHD Sutter by nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov Double Diffusion heat and mass flux have been created to examine the behaviour of relaxation time. The bioconvection of motile microorganisms and chemical reactions are taken into consideration. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) that are subsequently solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of pertained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plot in detail. Further, the velocity distribution enhances and reduces for greater value Deborah number and Reynold number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flow. Microorganism distribution decreases with the augmented magnitude of Peclet number (Pe), Bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), and microorganism concentration difference number (ϖ). The entropy production distribution is increased for the greater estimations of the Reynolds number (ReL) and Brinkman parameter (Br). Two sets of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter. Finally, for the justification of these outcomes, tables of comparison are made with various variables.

[Display omitted] • Sutterby nanofluid flow near a Riga plate with DF medium has been examined. • Swimming microorganisms are added in nanofluids to avoid nanoparticles' aggregations. • Impacts of activation energy, thermal radiation, and slippage have been emphasized. • The numerical comparison of dilatant and pseudo-plastic aspects of Sutterby fluid is given. • The outcomes of this model provide initial guidance for biological and ecological challenges. In modern era, thermo-migration of microorganisms is an appealing research topic in bio-nanotechnology, bio engineering, and biomedical. In this context, a mathematical model describing thermo-bioconvection of Sutterby nanofluid flow including motile gyrotactic microorganisms near a perforated Riga plate under the physical impacts of heat radiation, and Arrhenius kinetics associated with binary chemical reaction is formulated and simulated here. The Darcy-Forchheimer (DF) law is applied to determine the porosity of porous media. The Grinberg term is taken for the Lorentz force owing to the parallel Riga plate wall. Appropriate translations are discharged to turn the constitutive partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that are numerically computed by opting the Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg method (RKF-45) along with shooting strategy. The physical insights of various controlling variables on the transport profiles, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and microorganisms density number are exemplified through requisite graphs and tables. It must be admitted that with enlarging Darcy number, the nanofluid velocity declines, while Forchheimer number has opposite consequence on it. The motile microorganisms density sharply decreases for improving values of activation parameter. The present modeling would provide preliminary guidances in a variety of biotechnological and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]